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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of Income Before Income Taxes
The components of income before income taxes were as follows: 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
U.S.
$
21

 
$
10

 
$
(3
)
Foreign
719

 
819

 
772

 
$
740

 
$
829

 
$
769

Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes consisted of the following: 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Current tax:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. federal
$
(2
)
 
$

 
$
(1
)
State and foreign
183

 
154

 
171

 
$
181

 
$
154

 
$
170

Deferred tax:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. federal
$
31

 
$
217

 
$
19

State and foreign
4

 
30

 
(3
)
 
35

 
247

 
16

Total
$
216

 
$
401

 
$
186


Schedule of U.S. Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate to Pre-tax Income
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income as a result of the following items:
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
U.S. statutory rate at 21%, 35% and 35%
$
155

 
$
290

 
$
269

Tax on foreign income
30

 
(126
)
 
(119
)
U.S. taxes on foreign income, net of credits
24

 
45

 
31

Valuation allowance changes
(1
)
 
9

 
(14
)
Tax contingencies
(2
)
 
6

 
11

Tax law changes
4

 
174

 
3

Other items, net
6

 
3

 
5

Income tax provision
$
216

 
$
401

 
$
186

Components of Deferred Taxes
The components of deferred taxes at December 31 are:
 
2018
 
2017
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
Tax loss and credit carryforwards
$
531

 
$

 
$
503

 
$

Postretirement and postemployment benefits
39

 

 
43

 

Pensions
193

 
106

 
185

 
105

Property, plant and equipment
20

 
177

 
18

 
151

Intangible assets

 
431

 

 
128

Deemed repatriation tax

 

 

 
57

Asbestos
71

 

 
74

 

Accruals and other
88

 
73

 
87

 
44

Valuation allowances
(282
)
 

 
(228
)
 

Total
$
660

 
$
787

 
$
682

 
$
485

Schedule of Tax Loss and Credit Carryforwards Expiration
Tax loss and credit carryforwards expire as follows:
Year
 
Amount

2019
 
$
21

2020
 
27

2021
 
26

2022
 
116

2023
 
12

Thereafter
 
213

Unlimited
 
116

Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits follows: 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Balance at January 1
$
29

 
$
27

 
$
28

Additions related to acquisitions
13

 

 

Additions for prior year tax positions
1

 
6

 
13

Reductions to prior period tax positions

 
(2
)
 

Lapse of statute of limitations
(3
)
 

 
(2
)
Settlements
(2
)
 
(4
)
 
(12
)
Foreign currency translation
(1
)
 
2

 

Balance at December 31
$
37

 
$
29

 
$
27