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Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Components of Pension Expense and Benefits Cost
The components of pension expense were as follows:

U.S. Plans202020192018
Service cost$18 $15 $17 
Interest cost38 50 47 
Expected return on plan assets(73)(70)(85)
Settlements— — 
Amortization of actuarial loss56 55 51 
Amortization of prior service cost
Net periodic cost$43 $51 $31 
Non-U.S. Plans202020192018
Service cost$12 $15 $26 
Interest cost53 71 75 
Expected return on plan assets(107)(138)(159)
Settlements63 44 38 
Curtailments— (14)— 
Amortization of actuarial loss28 38 45 
Amortization of prior service credit— (1)(11)
Net periodic cost $49 $15 $14 
The components of net postretirement benefits cost were as follows:
Other Postretirement Benefits202020192018
Service cost$$$
Interest cost
Amortization of prior service credit(26)(34)(37)
Amortization of actuarial loss
Net periodic benefit credit$(16)$(24)$(23)
Schedule of Projected Benefit Obligations, Accumulated Benefit Obligations, Plan Assets and Funded Status The projected benefit obligations, accumulated benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status of the Company's U.S. and non-U.S. plans were as follows:
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. Plans
 2020201920202019
Projected Benefit Obligations
Benefit obligations at January 1$1,440 $1,371 $3,220 $3,102 
Service cost18 15 12 15 
Interest cost38 50 53 71 
Plan participants’ contributions— — 
Amendments(1)— — 
Settlements(7)— (271)(152)
Curtailments— — — (18)
Actuarial loss109 133 278 242 
Benefits paid(94)(128)(151)(152)
Foreign currency translation— — 102 110 
Benefit obligations at December 31$1,505 $1,440 $3,245 $3,220 
Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets at January 1$1,131 $1,012 $3,480 $3,264 
Actual return on plan assets113 244 334 373 
Employer contributions18 19 
Plan participants’ contributions— — 
Settlements(7)— (271)(152)
Acquisitions— — — — 
Benefits paid(94)(128)(152)(152)
Foreign currency translation— — 107 126 
Fair value of plan assets at December 31$1,152 $1,131 $3,518 $3,480 
Funded status$(353)$(309)$273 $260 
Accumulated benefit obligations at December 31$1,445 $1,397 $3,177 $3,182 
Information for Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets
U.S. pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations and projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows: 

20202019
Projected benefit obligations$1,505 $1,440 
Accumulated benefit obligations1,445 1,397 
Fair value of plan assets1,152 1,131 

Non-U.S. pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows: 

20202019
Projected benefit obligations$428 $399 
Accumulated benefit obligations386 383 
Fair value of plan assets191 187 
Schedule of Ranges for Asset Allocation and Summary of Defined Benefit Plan Assets and Accrued Income
The strategic ranges for asset allocation in the U.S. plans are as follows: 

U.S. equities39 %to49 %
International equities12 %to18 %
Fixed income16 %to26 %
Balanced funds%to13 %
Real estate%to13 %
The strategic ranges for asset allocation in the U.K. plan are as follows:
 
Investment grade credit30 %to100 %
Equities%to30 %
Hedge funds%to10 %
Real estate%to%
Alternative credit%to15 %
Other%to20 %
The levels assigned to the defined benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are summarized in the tables below: 
 2020
 U.S. plan
assets
Non-U.S. plan
assets
Total
Level 1
Cash and cash equivalents$157 $498 $655 
Global large cap equity— 
U.S. large cap equity178 182 
U.S. mid/small cap equity301 22 323 
Mutual funds – global equity88 — 88 
Mutual funds – U.S. equity56 — 56 
Mutual funds – fixed income75 — 75 
855 533 1,388 
Level 2
Government issued debt securities— 298 $298 
Corporate debt securities58 647 705 
Asset backed securities— 
Structured debt— 1,034 1,034 
Insurance contracts— 115 115 
Derivatives— 166 166 
Investment funds – fixed income— 128 128 
Investment funds – global equity— 69 69 
58 2,459 2,517 
Level 3
Investment funds – real estate91 181 272 
Hedge funds— 
Private equity46 51 
Real estate – direct23 12 35 
119 241 360 
Total assets in fair value hierarchy1,032 3,233 4,265 
Investments measured at NAV Practical Expedient (a)
Investment funds – fixed income112 25 137 
Investment funds – global equity— 141 141 
Investment funds – emerging markets— 
Hedge funds— 109 109 
 119 275 394 
Total investments at fair value$1,151 $3,508 $4,659 
 
 2019
 U.S. plan
assets
Non-U.S. plan
assets
Total
Level 1
Cash and cash equivalents$23 $190 $213 
Global large cap equity— 
U.S. large cap equity155 159 
U.S. mid/small cap equity218 27 245 
Mutual funds – global equity144 — 144 
Mutual funds – U.S. equity206 — 206 
Mutual funds – fixed income67 — 67 
813 228 1,041 
Level 2
Government issued debt securities— 260 $260 
Corporate debt securities52 332 384 
Asset backed securities— 
Structured debt— 811 811 
Insurance contracts— 105 105 
Derivatives— 194 194 
Investment funds – fixed income— 373 373 
Investment funds – global equity— 297 297 
Investment funds – emerging markets— 33 33 
52 2,407 2,459 
Level 3
Investment funds – real estate96 220 316 
Hedge funds— 43 43 
Private equity70 75 
Real estate – direct21 30 
122 342 464 
Total assets in fair value hierarchy987 2,977 3,964 
Investments measured at NAV Practical Expedient (a)
Investment funds – fixed income102 91 193 
Investment funds – global equity18 78 96 
Investment funds – emerging markets23 — 23 
Hedge funds— 328 328 
143 497 640 
Total investments at fair value$1,130 $3,474 $4,604 

(a) Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.

Accrued income excluded from the tables above was as follows:
20202019
U.S. plan assets$$
Non-U.S. plan assets10 
Reconciliation of Plan Assets Using Level 3
The following tables reconcile the beginning and ending balances of plan assets measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).
Hedge
funds
Private
equity
Real
estate
Total
Balance at January 1, 2019$113 $103 $317 $533 
Foreign currency translation16 
Asset returns – assets held at reporting date(6)(22)25 (3)
Asset returns – assets sold during the period17 30 
Purchases, sales and settlements, net(75)(27)(10)(112)
Balance at December 31, 201943 75 346 464 
Foreign currency translation10 
Asset returns – assets held at reporting date(15)(6)
Asset returns – assets sold during the period(12)(9)(18)
Purchases, sales and settlements, net(33)(23)(34)(90)
Balance at December 31, 2020$$51 $307 $360 
Additional Information About Pension Plan Assets Valued Using Net Asset Value
The following table presents additional information about the pension plan assets valued using net asset value as a practical expedient:
Fair ValueRedemption FrequencyRedemption Notice Period
Balance at December 31, 2020
Investment funds – fixed income$137 Semi-monthly
1- 5 days
Investment funds – global equity141 Monthly
1 - 15 days
Investment funds – emerging marketsDaily30 days
Hedge funds109 Monthly
1 - 30 days
Balance at December 31, 2019
Investment funds – fixed income$193 Semi-monthly
1- 5 days
Investment funds – global equity96 Monthly
1 - 15 days
Investment funds – emerging markets23 Daily30 days
Hedge funds328 Monthly
1 - 30 days
Schedule of Pension Assets and Liabilities
Pension assets and liabilities included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were: 
20202019
Non-current assets$532 $491 
Current liabilities13 
Non-current liabilities610 533 
Schedule of Changes in Net Loss and Prior Service Cost/(Credit)
Changes in the net loss and prior service cost (credit) for the Company’s pension plans were: 
 202020192018
 Net lossPrior
service
Net lossPrior
service
Net lossPrior
service
Balance at January 1$1,808 $$1,962 $(6)$2,057 $(16)
Reclassification to net periodic benefit cost(150)(1)(137)14 (134)10 
Current year gain / (loss)118 — (53)— 103 — 
Amendments— — — — — 
Foreign currency translation26 — 36 — (64)— 
Balance at December 31$1,802 $$1,808 $$1,962 $(6)
Changes in the net loss and prior service credit for the Company’s postretirement benefit plans were: 
 202020192018
 Net
loss
Prior
service
Net
loss
Prior
service
Net
loss
Prior
service
Balance at January 1$42 $(72)$31 $(105)$49 $(142)
Reclassification to net periodic benefit cost(4)26 (3)34 (4)37 
Current year gain / (loss)— 14 — (14)— 
Amendments— — — (1)— — 
Balance at December 31$45 $(46)$42 $(72)$31 $(105)
Schedule of Expected Future Benefit Payments
Expected future benefit payments as of December 31, 2020 are: 
U.S.
plans
Non-U.S.
plans
2021$95 $166 
202297 161 
2023100 159 
202498 159 
202593 159 
2026 - 2030429 777 
Expected future benefit payments are as follows:
 Benefit Payments
2021$15 
202213 
202312 
202412 
202511 
2026 - 203048 
Schedule of Benefit Obligations Weighted Average Actuarial Assumptions
The weighted average actuarial assumptions used to calculate the benefit obligations at December 31 were: 
U.S. Plans202020192018
Discount rate2.5 %3.2 %4.3 %
Compensation increase4.7 %4.7 %4.5 %

Non-U.S. Plans202020192018
Discount rate1.4 %2.1 %2.9 %
Compensation increase3.0 %3.0 %3.2 %

The weighted average actuarial assumptions used to calculate pension expense for each year were: 
U.S. Plans202020192018
Discount rate - service cost3.6 %4.7 %3.9 %
Discount rate - interest cost2.8 %3.9 %3.2 %
Compensation increase4.7 %4.5 %4.7 %
Long-term rate of return6.8 %7.3 %7.3 %
 
Non-U.S. Plans202020192018
Discount rate - service cost2.6 %3.0 %2.6 %
Discount rate - interest cost1.9 %2.7 %2.2 %
Compensation increase3.0 %3.2 %3.2 %
Long-term rate of return3.3 %4.3 %4.4 %
Weighted average discount rates used to calculate the benefit obligations at the end of each year and the cost for each year are presented below. 
202020192018
Benefit obligations2.8 %3.5 %4.5 %
Service cost4.1 %4.8 %4.9 %
Interest cost3.3 %4.2 %4.1 %
Schedule of Changes in Benefit Obligations
Changes in the benefit obligations were:
20202019
Benefit obligations at January 1$164 $147 
Service cost
Interest cost
Amendments— 
Actuarial loss 14 
Benefits paid(11)(13)
Foreign currency translation— 
Benefit obligations at December 31$166 $164 
Schedule of Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates
The assumed health care cost trend rates at December 31, 2020 were as follows: 
Health care cost trend rate assumed for 20205.2 %
Rate that the cost trend rate gradually declines to4.0 %
Year that the rate reaches the rate it is assumed to remain2035
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan with Projected Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets Non-U.S. pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows: 
20202019
Projected benefit obligations$432 $403 
Accumulated benefit obligations389 386 
Fair value of plan assets194 189