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Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Pension Expense and Benefits Cost
The components of pension expense were as follows:
U.S. Plans202420232022
Service cost$15 $13 $19 
Interest cost40 54 31 
Expected return on plan assets(46)(60)(75)
Settlements and curtailments469 — 1 
Amortization of actuarial loss32 43 44 
Amortization of prior service cost1 1 1 
Net periodic cost$511 $51 $21 

Non-U.S. Plans202420232022
Service cost$7 $7 $9 
Interest cost16 19 13 
Expected return on plan assets(18)(22)(22)
Settlements44 — — 
Special termination benefits— 6 — 
Amortization of actuarial loss2 3 5 
Amortization of prior service credit— — (1)
Net periodic cost$51 $13 $4 
The components of net postretirement benefits cost were as follows:
Other Postretirement Benefits202420232022
Service cost$— $— $1 
Interest cost6 6 4 
Amortization of prior service credit— — (20)
Amortization of actuarial loss— — 2 
Net periodic benefit cost / (credit)$6 $6 $(13)
Schedule of Projected Benefit Obligations, Accumulated Benefit Obligations, Plan Assets and Funded Status
The projected benefit obligations, accumulated benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status of the Company's U.S. and non-U.S. plans were as follows:
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. Plans
 2024202320242023
Projected Benefit Obligations
Benefit obligations at January 1$1,109 $1,094 $415 $387 
Service cost15 13 7 7 
Interest cost40 54 16 19 
Plan participants' contributions— — 2 2 
Amendments— 1 — (2)
Settlements(775)— (122)(8)
Special termination benefits— — — 6 
Actuarial (gain) / loss(15)36 (7)18 
Benefits paid(75)(89)(22)(38)
Foreign currency translation— — (31)24 
Benefit obligations at December 31$299 $1,109 $258 $415 
Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets at January 1$880 $886 $412 $381 
Actual gain on plan assets 40 81 27 33 
Employer contributions / (withdrawals)125 2 (12)17 
Plan participants' contributions— — 1 2 
Settlements(775)— (122)(7)
Benefits paid(75)(89)(22)(38)
Foreign currency translation— — (30)24 
Fair value of plan assets at December 31$195 $880 $254 $412 
Funded status$(104)$(229)$(4)$(3)
Accumulated benefit obligations at December 31$257 $1,065 $229 $389 
Schedule of Information for Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets
U.S. pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows: 
20242023
Projected benefit obligations$93 $1,109 
Accumulated benefit obligations88 1,065 
Fair value of plan assets— 880 

U.S. pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows: 
20242023
Projected benefit obligations$296 $1,109 
Accumulated benefit obligations255 1,065 
Fair value of plan assets192 880 

Non-U.S. pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations and projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:
20242023
Projected benefit obligations$199 $213 
Accumulated benefit obligations179 195 
Fair value of plan assets114 117 
Schedule of Defined Benefit Plan, Plan with Projected Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets
U.S. pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows: 
20242023
Projected benefit obligations$93 $1,109 
Accumulated benefit obligations88 1,065 
Fair value of plan assets— 880 

U.S. pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows: 
20242023
Projected benefit obligations$296 $1,109 
Accumulated benefit obligations255 1,065 
Fair value of plan assets192 880 

Non-U.S. pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations and projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:
20242023
Projected benefit obligations$199 $213 
Accumulated benefit obligations179 195 
Fair value of plan assets114 117 
Schedule of Ranges for Asset Allocation and Summary of Defined Benefit Plan Assets and Accrued Income
The strategic ranges for asset allocation in the U.S. plans are as follows: 
U.S. equities45 %to55 %
International equities7.5 %to12.5 %
Fixed income15 %to25 %
Balanced funds7.5 %to12.5 %
Real estate7.5 %to12.5 %
The levels assigned to the defined benefit plan assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized in the tables below:
 2024
 U.S. plan
assets		Non-U.S. plan
assets		Total
Level 1
Cash and cash equivalents$8 $28 $36 
Global large cap equity— 8 8 
U.S. large cap equity— 10 10 
Mutual funds – U.S. equity51 — 51 
59 46 105 
Level 2
Government issued debt securities— 18 18 
Corporate debt securities— 6 6 
Insurance contracts— 102 102 
Investment funds – fixed income— 1 1 
— 127 127 
Level 3
Investment funds – real estate106 28 134 
Private equity2 — 2 
Real estate – direct28 8 36 
136 36 172 
Total assets in fair value hierarchy195 209 404 
Investments measured at NAV Practical Expedient (a)
Investment funds - fixed income— 25 25 
Investment funds - global equity— 20 20 
 — 45 45 
Total investments at fair value$195 $254 $449 
 2023
 U.S. plan
assets		Non-U.S. plan
assets		Total
Level 1
Cash and cash equivalents$15 $23 $38 
Global large cap equity— 3 3 
U.S. large cap equity173 4 177 
U.S. mid/small cap equity276 21 297 
Mutual funds – global equity59 — 59 
Mutual funds – U.S. equity49 — 49 
Mutual funds – fixed income18 — 18 
590 51 641 
Level 2
Government issued debt securities— 18 18 
Corporate debt securities41 8 49 
Insurance contracts— 110 110 
Investment funds – fixed income— 1 1 
41 137 178 
Level 3
Investment funds – real estate127 60 187 
Private equity3 — 3 
Real estate – direct27 17 44 
157 77 234 
Total assets in fair value hierarchy788 265 1,053 
Investments measured at NAV Practical Expedient (a)
Investment funds - fixed income86 22 108 
Investment funds - global equity— 118 118 
Investment funds - emerging markets5 — 5 
Investments funds - real estate— 7 7 
91 147 238 
Total investments at fair value$879 $412 $1,291 

(a) Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.

Accrued income excluded from the tables above was as follows:
20242023
U.S. plan assets$— $1 
Schedule of Reconciliation of Plan Assets Using Level 3
The following tables reconcile the beginning and ending balances of plan assets measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).
Private
equity		Real
estate		Total
Balance at January 1, 2023$5 $247 $252 
Foreign currency translation— 2 2 
Asset returns – assets held at reporting date18 (24)(6)
Asset returns – assets sold during the period(18)11 (7)
Purchases, sales and settlements, net(2)(5)(7)
Balance at December 31, 20233 231 234 
Foreign currency translation— (4)(4)
Asset returns – assets held at reporting date3 (6)(3)
Asset returns – assets sold during the period(4)2 (2)
Purchases, sales and settlements, net— (53)(53)
Balance at December 31, 2024$2 $170 $172 
Schedule of Additional Information About Pension Plan Assets Valued Using Net Asset Value
The following table presents additional information about the pension plan assets valued using NAV as a practical expedient:
Fair ValueRedemption FrequencyRedemption Notice Period
Balance at December 31, 2024
Investment funds – fixed income$25 Daily10 days
Investment funds – global equity20 Daily 10 days
Balance at December 31, 2023
Investment funds – fixed income$108 Semi-monthly
1- 5 days
Investment funds – global equity118 Daily10 days
Investment funds – emerging markets5 Daily30 days
Investment funds – real estate7 Daily10 days
Schedule of Pension Assets and Liabilities
Pension assets and liabilities included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets were:
20242023
Non-current assets$88 $94 
Current liabilities22 12 
Non-current liabilities174 314 
Schedule of Changes in Net (Gain)/ Loss and Prior Service Cost/(Credit)
Changes in the net loss and prior service credit for the Company’s pension plans were: 
 202420232022
 Net lossPrior
service		Net lossPrior
service		Net lossPrior
service
Balance at January 1$686 $(1)$712 $— $814 $2 
Reclassification to net periodic benefit cost(551)(1)(46)(1)(49)(1)
Current year (gain) / loss(25)— 22 — (45)(1)
Amendments— — (1)— — — 
Foreign currency translation(1)— (1)— (8)— 
Balance at December 31$109 $(2)$686 $(1)$712 $— 
Changes in the net (gain) / loss and prior service credit for the Company’s postretirement benefit plans were:
 202420232022
 Net gainPrior
service		Net gainPrior
service		Net
loss / (gain)		Prior
service
Balance at January 1$(3)$— $(2)$— $21 $(20)
Reclassification to net periodic benefit cost— — — — (2)20 
Current year (gain) / loss(3)— — — (22)— 
Foreign currency translation1 — (1)— 1 — 
Balance at December 31$(5)$— $(3)$— $(2)$— 
Schedule of Expected Future Benefit Payments
Expected future benefit payments as of December 31, 2024 are:

 
U.S.
plans		Non-U.S.
plans
2025$17 $20 
202616 17 
202733 16 
202811 19 
202913 19 
2030 - 203490 102 
Expected future benefit payments are as follows:
 Benefit Payments
2025$12 
202610 
202710 
20289 
20299 
2030 - 203439 
Schedule of Benefit Obligations Weighted Average Actuarial Assumptions
The weighted average actuarial assumptions used to calculate the benefit obligations at December 31 were:
U.S. Plans202420232022
Discount rate5.9 %5.0 %5.2 %
Compensation increase5.0 %5.0 %5.0 %
Non-U.S. Plans202420232022
Discount rate5.1 %4.8 %4.9 %
Compensation increase2.8 %2.9 %2.7 %

The weighted average actuarial assumptions used to calculate pension expense for each year were:
U.S. Plans202420232022
Discount rate - service cost5.2 %5.4 %3.3 %
Discount rate - interest cost4.9 %5.1 %2.2 %
Compensation increase5.0 %5.0 %4.7 %
Long-term rate of return7.2 %7.2 %6.6 %
 
Non-U.S. Plans202420232022
Discount rate - service cost4.7 %5.0 %2.9 %
Discount rate - interest cost4.7 %5.1 %2.6 %
Compensation increase2.9 %2.9 %2.7 %
Long-term rate of return4.2 %5.1 %4.3 %
Weighted average discount rates used to calculate the benefit obligations at the end of each year and the cost for each year are presented below:

 
202420232022
Benefit obligations6.5 %5.0 %5.8 %
Service cost8.1 %5.3 %7.8 %
Interest cost5.8 %4.9 %5.7 %
Schedule of Changes in Benefit Obligations
Changes in the benefit obligations were:
20242023
Benefit obligations at January 1$107 $108 
Interest cost6 6 
Actuarial (gain) / loss (2)— 
Benefits paid(9)(11)
Foreign currency translation(6)4 
Benefit obligations at December 31$96 $107 
Schedule of Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates
The assumed health care cost trend rates at December 31, 2024 were as follows: 
Health care cost trend rate assumed for 20245.9 %
Rate that the cost trend rate gradually declines to4.1 %
Year that the rate reaches the rate it is assumed to remain2032