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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations [Abstract]  
Schedule of income before income tax
Income before taxes consisted of the following:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands)
Domestic
$
38,211

 
$
58,498

 
$
49,173

Foreign
(15,574
)
 
1,733

 
1,077

 
$
22,637

 
$
60,231

 
$
50,250

Components of provision for (benefit from) income taxes
The provision for (benefit from) income taxes is comprised of:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands)
Federal:
 
 
 
 
 
Current
$
22,115

 
$
20,497

 
$
19,386

Deferred
(2,198
)
 
(170,798
)
 
2,337

State:
 
 
 
 
 
Current
884

 
609

 
713

Deferred
(271
)
 
(1,933
)
 

Foreign:
 
 
 
 
 
Current
1,275

 
443

 
1,640

Deferred
(5,988
)
 
25

 
(27
)
 
$
15,817

 
$
(151,157
)
 
$
24,049

Schedule of effective income tax rate reconciliation
The differences between Rambus’ effective tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory regular tax rate are as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Expense at U.S. federal statutory rate
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
Expense (benefit) at state statutory rate
1.8

 
(1.5
)
 
1.0

Withholding tax
97.0

 
34.1

 
38.6

Foreign rate differential
4.1

 
0.4

 
2.5

Research and development (“R&D”) credit
(8.3
)
 
(2.3
)
 
(6.1
)
Executive compensation
1.5

 
0.5

 
0.2

Stock-based compensation
34.8

 
5.3

 
1.4

Foreign tax credit
(97.0
)
 
(34.1
)
 
(38.7
)
Other
1.0

 
(0.6
)
 
0.6

Valuation allowance

 
(287.8
)
 
13.4

 
69.9
 %
 
(251.0
)%
 
47.9
 %
Components of the net deferred tax assets
The components of the net deferred tax assets are as follows:
 
As of December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
$
22,174

 
$
30,019

Other liabilities and reserves
12,442
 
7,227
Deferred equity compensation
17,426
 
23,176
Net operating loss carryovers
11,439
 
11,746
Tax credits
120,660
 
117,078
Total gross deferred tax assets
184,141

 
189,246

Convertible debt
(3,870)
 
(6,044)
Total net deferred tax assets
180,271

 
183,202

Valuation allowance
(23,529
)
 
(20,717
)
Net deferred tax assets
$
156,742

 
$
162,485

 
As of December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(In thousands)
Reported as:
 
 
 
Non-current deferred tax assets
$
168,342

 
$
162,485

Non-current deferred tax liabilities
(11,600
)
 

Net deferred tax assets
$
156,742

 
$
162,485

Summary of valuation allowance
The following table presents the tax valuation allowance information for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:
 
Balance at Beginning of Period
 
Charged (Credited) to Operations
 
Charged to Other Account*
 
Valuation Allowance Release
 
Balance at End of Period
Tax Valuation Allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2014
$
192,823

 

 
1,051

 

 
$
193,874

Year ended December 31, 2015
$
193,874

 

 
1,299

 
(174,456
)
 
$
20,717

Year ended December 31, 2016
$
20,717

 

 
2,812

 

 
$
23,529

______________________________________
*
Amounts not charged to operations are charged to other comprehensive income or deferred tax assets (liabilities).
Schedule of reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized income tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows (amounts in thousands):
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Balance at January 1
$
20,836

 
$
19,903

 
$
18,794

Tax positions related to current year:
 
 
 
 
 
Additions
1,225

 
1,186

 
1,134

Tax positions related to prior years:
 
 
 
 
 
Additions
256

 

 
531

Reductions
(171
)
 
(35
)
 
(556
)
Settlements
(221
)
 
(218
)
 

Balance at December 31
$
21,925

 
$
20,836

 
$
19,903