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Recent Accounting Pronouncements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Abstract] |
Recent Accounting Pronouncement | Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2018-02, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income". The amendments in this ASU allow entities to reclassify from AOCI to retained earnings "stranded" tax effects resulting from passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("the Tax Act") on December 22, 2017. An entity that elects to reclassify these amounts must reclassify stranded tax effects related to the change in federal tax rate for all items accounted for in other comprehensive income (e.g., employee benefits, cumulative translation adjustments). Entities may also elect to reclassify other stranded tax effects that relate to the Tax Act but do not directly relate to the change in the federal tax rate (e.g., state taxes). However, because the amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Act, the underlying guidance requiring the effect of a change in tax laws or rates to be included in income from operations is not affected. Upon adoption of this ASU, entities are required to disclose their policy for releasing the income tax effects from AOCI. ASU 2018-02 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this ASU may be applied retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the Tax Act is recognized or an entity may elect to apply the amendments in the period of adoption. The Company early adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, "Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting," which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. Specifically, an entity would not apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment," which removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company adopted this ASU on December 31, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business." The amendment seeks to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill and consolidation. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. The amendments should be applied prospectively on or after the effective dates. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, which amends certain aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of certain financial instruments, including equity investments and liabilities measured at fair value under the fair value option. The main provisions include a requirement that all investments in equity securities be measured at fair value through earnings, with certain exceptions, and a requirement to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in fair value attributable to an entity’s own credit risk for financial liabilities where the fair value option has been elected. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018. Upon adoption, the Company reclassified approximately $1.1 million of unrealized gain related to its equity investment security classified as available-for-sale from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) to retained earnings as a cumulative-effect adjustment, and began recording changes in fair value through earnings. ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606 ("ASC 606" or "the New Revenue Standard"), which superseded the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”). The New Revenue Standard sets forth a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers to improve comparability. The New Revenue Standard requires revenue recognition to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The New Revenue Standard can be applied either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (i.e., full retrospective adoption) or with the cumulative effect of initially applying the update recognized at the date of the initial application (i.e., modified retrospective adoption) along with additional disclosures. The Company adopted the New Revenue Standard on January 1, 2018 and all the related amendments using the modified retrospective method. The Company had previously planned on adopting the New Revenue Standard using the full retrospective method, but ultimately determined to adopt the modified retrospective method. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018. The comparative information for prior periods has not been recasted and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The Company recognized unbilled receivables (contract assets) of $818 million predominantly due to how revenue is recognized for the Company's fixed-fee licensing arrangements (as noted in the first bullet point below), deferred revenue (contract liabilities) of $2 million, withholding tax liabilities of $105 million (and a corresponding deferred tax asset of $105 million, with an offsetting $16 million valuation allowance), and $174 million deferred tax liability. In the aggregate, these adjustments resulted in a $626 million net credit to accumulated deficit. The most significant impacts of the New Revenue Standard relate to the following:
• | Revenue recognized for certain patent and technology licensing arrangements has changed under the New Revenue Standard. Revenue for (i) fixed-fee arrangements (including arrangements that include minimum guaranteed amounts), (ii) variable royalty arrangements that the Company has concluded are fixed in substance and (iii) the fixed portion of hybrid fixed/variable arrangements is recognized upon control over the underlying IP use right transferring to the licensee rather than upon billing under ASC 605, net of the effect of significant financing components calculated using customer-specific, risk-adjusted lending rates and recognized over time on an effective rate basis. As a consequence of the acceleration of revenue recognition and for matching purposes, all withholding taxes to be paid over the term of these licensing arrangements were expensed on the date the licensing revenue was recognized.
• | Adoption of the New Revenue Standard resulted in revenue recognition being accelerated for variable royalties and the variable portion of hybrid fixed/variable patent and technology licensing arrangements. Under the New Revenue Standard, royalty revenue is being recognized on the basis of management’s estimates of sales or usage, as applicable, of the licensed IP in the period of reference, with a true-up being recorded in subsequent periods based on actual sales or usage as reported by licensees (rather than upon receiving royalty reports from licensees as was the case under ASC 605).
• | Adoption of the New Revenue Standard also resulted in revenue recognition being accelerated for certain professional services arrangements, including arrangements consisting of significant software customization or modification and development arrangements. Under the New Revenue Standard, such arrangements are accounted for based on man-days incurred during the reporting period as compared to estimated total man-days necessary for contract completion, as the customer either controls the asset as it is created or enhanced by us or, where the asset has no alternative use to us, we are entitled to payment for performance to date and expect to fulfill the contract - revenue recognition is no longer capped to the lesser of inputs in the period or accepted billable project milestones as was the case under ASC 605.
As part of the adoption of the New Revenue Standard, the Company elected to apply the following practical expedients:
• | The Company applied the practical expedient whereby the Company primarily charges commission costs to expense when incurred because the amortization period would be one year or less for the asset that would have been recognized from deferring these costs.
• | The Company applied the practical expedient which allowed the Company to reflect the aggregate effect of all contract modifications occurring before the beginning of the earliest period presented when allocating the transaction price to performance obligations.
• | The Company applied the practical expedient to not assess a contract asset or contract liability for a significant financing component if the period between the customer's payment and the Company's transfer of goods or services is one year or less.
Adoption of the New Revenue Standard had no impact to cash provided by (used in) operating, financing, or investing activities on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. In accordance with the New Revenue Standard requirements, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations and Balance Sheet was as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, 2018
(In thousands) | As Reported |  | Effect of Change Higher/ (Lower) |  | Amounts under ASC 605
Consolidated Statement of Operations |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |
Royalties | $ | 130,452 |  |  | $ | 172,769 |  |  | $ | 303,221 |
Product revenue | 38,690 |  |  | 707 |  |  | 39,397 |
Contract and other revenue | 62,059 |  |  | (3,576 | ) |  | 58,483 |
Total revenue | $ | 231,201 |  |  | $ | 169,900 |  |  | $ | 401,101 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Interest income and other income (expense), net | $ | 16,339 |  |  | $ | (27,235 | ) |  | $ | (10,896 | )
Provision for income taxes | $ | 87,329 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 87,329 |
Net loss | $ | (157,957 | ) |  | $ | 142,665 |  |  | $ | (15,292 | )
| December 31, 2018
(In thousands) | As Reported |  | Effect of Change Higher/ (Lower) |  | Amounts under ASC 605
Consolidated Balance Sheet |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |
Unbilled receivables | $ | 673,616 |  |  | $ | (673,616 | ) |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Deferred revenue | 19,566 |  |  | (1,243 | ) |  | 18,323 |
Deferred tax liabilities (included in other long-term liabilities) | 18,960 |  |  | (2,079 | ) |  | 16,881 |
Income taxes payable | 93,670 |  |  | (90,400 | ) |  | 3,270 |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated deficit | (204,294 | ) |  | (483,623 | ) |  | (687,917 | )
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement." The amendments in this ASU remove certain disclosures, modify certain disclosures and add additional disclosures. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. Certain disclosures in ASU 2018-13 would need to be applied on a retrospective basis and others on a prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)," to expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, "Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)." The amendments in Part I of this ASU change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. When determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, a down round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock. The amendments also clarify existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments. As a result, a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded conversion option) no longer would be accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value as a result of the existence of a down round feature. For freestanding equity classified financial instruments, the amendments require entities that present earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with Topic 260 to recognize the effect of the down round feature when it is triggered. That effect is treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common stockholders in basic EPS. Convertible instruments with embedded conversion options that have down round features are now subject to the specialized guidance for contingent beneficial conversion features (in Subtopic 470-20, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options), including related EPS guidance (in Topic 260). The amendments in Part II of this ASU recharacterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the FASB codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-08, "Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Topic 310): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities," which amends the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium. This ASU will shorten the amortization period for the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. This ASU does not apply to securities held at a discount, which will continue to be amortized to maturity. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13. The purpose of this ASU is to require a financial asset measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. This ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its financial condition and results of operations. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases." This ASU requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and liabilities for operating leases, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, on the balance sheet. In addition, it requires lessees to recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, "Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases," and ASU No. 2018-11, "Leases (Topic 842)," which allow the application of the new guidance at the beginning of the year of adoption, recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption, in addition to the method of applying the new guidance retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented. The amendments in ASU No. 2018-10 and ASU No. 2018-11 have the same effective and transition requirements as ASU 2016-02. This ASU will become effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019. The Company is evaluating the impact that the new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements, which will consist primarily of a balance sheet gross up of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets upon adoption, which will increase the Company's total assets and liabilities.

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- Definition The entire disclosure of changes in accounting principles, including adoption of new accounting pronouncements, that describes the new methods, amount and effects on financial statement line items. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 250 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122394 + Details
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