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Fair Value of Financial Instruments | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments The fair value measurement statement defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact, and the Company considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and risk of non-performance. The Company’s financial instruments are measured and recorded at fair value, except for equity method investments and convertible notes. The Company’s non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment, are measured at fair value when there is an indicator of impairment and recorded at fair value only when an impairment charge is recognized. The Company's equity method investments are initially recognized at cost, and the carrying amount is increased or decreased to recognize the Company’s share of the profit or loss of the investee after the date of acquisition. The Company’s share of the investee’s profit or loss is recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Distributions received from an investee reduce the carrying amount of the investment. Fair Value Hierarchy The fair value measurement statement requires disclosure that establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosure about fair value measurements. The statement requires fair value measurement be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories: Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities. The Company uses unadjusted quotes to determine fair value. The financial assets in Level 1 include money market funds. Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. The Company uses observable pricing inputs including benchmark yields, reported trades, and broker/dealer quotes. The financial assets in Level 2 include U.S. government bonds and notes, corporate notes, commercial paper and municipal bonds and notes. Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity). The financial assets in Level 3 previously included a cost investment whose value is determined using inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the fair value measurements, as discussed below. The Company reviews the pricing inputs by obtaining prices from a different source for the same security on a sample of its portfolio. The Company has not adjusted the pricing inputs it has obtained. The following table presents the financial instruments that are carried at fair value and summarizes the valuation of its cash equivalents and marketable securities by the above pricing levels as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| As of December 31, 2018
| Total |  | Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
| (In thousands)
Money market funds | $ | 10,080 |  |  | $ | 10,080 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Government bonds and notes | 32,630 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,630 |  |  | — |
Corporate notes, bonds, commercial paper and other | 183,998 |  |  | — |  |  | 183,998 |  |  | — |
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 226,708 |  |  | $ | 10,080 |  |  | $ | 216,628 |  |  | $ | — |
| As of December 31, 2017
| Total |  | Quoted Market Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
| (In thousands)
Money market funds | $ | 10,915 |  |  | $ | 10,915 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Government bonds and notes | 55,220 |  |  | — |  |  | 55,220 |  |  | — |
Corporate notes, bonds, commercial paper and other | 195,073 |  |  | 1,058 |  |  | 194,015 |  |  | — |
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 261,208 |  |  | $ | 11,973 |  |  | $ | 249,235 |  |  | $ | — |
The Company monitors its investments for other-than-temporary impairment and records appropriate reductions in carrying value when necessary. The Company monitors its investments for other-than-temporary losses by considering current factors, including the economic environment, market conditions, operational performance and other specific factors relating to the business underlying the investment, reductions in carrying values when necessary and the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time which may be sufficient for anticipated recovery in the market. Any other-than-temporary loss is reported under “Interest and other income (expense), net” in the consolidated statement of operations. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded no other-than-temporary impairment charges on its investments. During the second half of 2018, the Company made an investment in a non-marketable equity security of a private company. This equity investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting, and the Company accounts for its equity method share of the income (loss) on a quarterly basis. As of December 31, 2018, the Company's 27.7% ownership percentage amounts to a $3.3 million equity interest in this equity investment and it is included in other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company recorded an immaterial amount in its consolidated statements of operations representing its share of the investee's loss for the year ended December 31, 2018. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no transfers of financial instruments between different categories of fair value. The following table presents the financial instruments that are not carried at fair value but which require fair value disclosure as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:
| As of December 31, 2018 |  | As of December 31, 2017
(in thousands) | Face Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Face Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value
1.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 | $ | 172,500 |  |  | $ | 141,934 |  |  | $ | 150,075 |  |  | $ | 172,500 |  |  | $ | 135,447 |  |  | $ | 173,450 |
1.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2018 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 81,207 |  |  | $ | 78,451 |  |  | $ | 100,802 |
The fair value of the convertible notes at each balance sheet date is determined based on recent quoted market prices for these notes which is a level 2 measurement. As discussed in Note 10, “Convertible Notes,” as of December 31, 2018, the convertible notes are carried at their face value of $172.5 million, less any unamortized debt discount and unamortized debt issuance costs. The carrying value of other financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable and other liabilities, approximates fair value due to their short maturities. Information regarding the Company's goodwill and long-lived assets balances are disclosed in Note 5, "Intangible Assets and Goodwill".

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155941 + Details
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