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Pension Plans and Other Benefits
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Disclosures [Abstract]  
Pension Plans And Other Benefits PENSION PLANS AND OTHER BENEFITS
We sponsor pension and postretirement benefits through a variety of plans including defined benefit plans, defined contribution plans and postretirement benefit plans in North America and certain of our international locations. We reserve the right to amend, modify or terminate the Mosaic sponsored plans at any time, subject to provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), prior agreements and our collective bargaining agreements.
Defined Benefit
We sponsor various defined benefit pension plans in the U.S. and in Canada. Benefits are based on different combinations of years of service and compensation levels, depending on the plan. Generally, contributions to the U.S. plans are made to meet minimum funding requirements of ERISA, while contributions to Canadian plans are made in accordance with Pension Benefits Acts instituted by the provinces of Saskatchewan and Ontario. Certain employees in the U.S. and Canada, whose pension benefits exceed Internal Revenue Code and Canada Revenue Agency limitations, respectively, are covered by supplementary non-qualified, unfunded pension plans.
We sponsor various defined benefit pension plans in Brazil, and we acquired through the Acquisition multi-employer pension plans for certain of our Brazil associates. All our pension plans are governed by the Brazilian pension plans regulatory agency, National Superintendence of Supplementary Pensions (“PREVIC”). Our Brazil plans are not individually significant to the Company's consolidated financial statements after factoring in the multi-employer pension plan indemnification that we acquired through the Acquisition. We made contributions to these plans, net of indemnification, of $0.4 million and $0.7 million during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Accounting for Pension Plans
The year-end status of the North American pension plans was as follows:
 Pension Plans
 Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)20202019
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of period$755.5 $673.6 
Service cost4.2 4.8 
Interest cost20.9 25.0 
Actuarial loss49.8 67.4 
Currency fluctuations10.9 15.7 
Benefits paid(44.7)(40.6)
Plan amendments— 9.6 
Projected benefit obligation at end of period$796.6 $755.5 
Change in plan assets:
Fair value at beginning of period$790.6 $701.2 
Currency fluctuations11.0 16.8 
Actual return82.4 107.7 
Company contribution5.9 5.5 
Benefits paid(44.7)(40.6)
Fair value at end of period$845.2 $790.6 
Funded status of the plans as of the end of period$48.6 $35.1 
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets:
Noncurrent assets$59.7 $45.8 
Current liabilities(0.6)(0.8)
Noncurrent liabilities(10.5)(9.9)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss
Prior service costs$15.8 $25.2 
Actuarial loss88.7 94.8 
At December 31, 2019, approximately $7.4 million was included in accrued liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet for curtailment costs related to the indefinite idling of the Colonsay mine.
The accumulated benefit obligation for the defined benefit pension plans was $796.1 million and $754.7 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The components of net annual periodic benefit costs and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income include the following components:
Pension Plans
(in millions)Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
Net Periodic Benefit Cost
Service cost$4.2 $4.8 $6.2 
Interest cost20.9 25.0 24.0 
Expected return on plan assets(34.2)(33.8)(39.7)
Amortization of:
Prior service cost2.3 2.3 2.4 
Actuarial loss9.2 9.2 9.1 
Preliminary net periodic benefit cost$2.4 $7.5 $2.0 
Curtailment/settlement expense1.0 — 1.2 
Total net periodic benefit cost$3.4 $7.5 $3.2 
Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income
Prior service (credit) cost recognized in other comprehensive income$(2.3)$5.5 $(4.3)
Net actuarial (gain) loss recognized in other comprehensive income(8.6)(13.9)5.0 
Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)$(10.9)$(8.4)$0.7 
Total recognized in net periodic benefit (income) cost and other comprehensive income$(7.5)$(0.9)$3.9 
The estimated net actuarial (gain) loss and prior service cost (credit) for the pension plans and postretirement plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost in 2021 is $6 million.
The following estimated benefit payments, which reflect estimated future service are expected to be paid by the related plans in the years ending December 31:
(in millions)Pension Plans
Benefit Payments		Other Postretirement
Plans Benefit Payments		Medicare Part D
Adjustments
2021$47.6 $3.2 $0.2 
202244.6 3.0 0.1 
202344.3 2.7 0.1 
202444.0 2.5 0.1 
202544.0 2.2 0.1 
2026-2030214.1 8.5 0.3 
In 2021, we expect to contribute cash of at least $5.5 million to the pension plans to meet minimum funding requirements.
Plan Assets and Investment Strategies
The Company’s overall investment strategy is to obtain sufficient return and provide adequate liquidity to meet the benefit obligations of our pension plans. Investments are made in public securities to ensure adequate liquidity to support benefit payments. Domestic and international stocks and bonds provide diversification to the portfolio.
For the U.S. plans, we utilize an asset allocation policy that seeks to reduce funded status volatility over time. As such, the primary investment objective beyond accumulating sufficient assets to meet future benefit obligations is to monitor and manage the assets of the plan to better insulate the asset portfolio from changes in interest rates that impact the liabilities. This requires an interest rate management strategy to reduce the sensitivity in the plan’s funded status and having a portion of the plan’s assets invested in return-seeking strategies. Currently, our policy includes an 83% allocation to fixed income and
17% to return-seeking strategies. The plans also have de-risking glide paths that will increase this protection as funded status improves. Actual allocations may experience temporary fluctuations based on market movements and investment strategies.
For the Canadian pension plans the primary investment objective is to secure the promised pension benefits through capital preservation and appreciation to better manage the asset/liability gap and interest rate risk. A secondary investment objective is to most effectively manage investment volatility to reduce the variability of the Company’s required contributions. The plans are expected to achieve an annual overall return, over a five year rolling period, consistent with or in excess of total fund benchmarks that reflect each plan’s strategic allocations and respective market benchmarks at the individual asset class level. Management of the asset/liability gap of the plans and performance results are reviewed quarterly. Until September 2018, Mosaic had the four Canadian pension plans, two salaried and two hourly plans, managed in one master trust. In order to better match the assets with the liabilities of each plan, Mosaic decided to split the master trust into one trust for each plan. Currently, our policy includes an 80% allocation to fixed income and 20% to return-seeking strategies for the salaried plans and 60% allocation to fixed income and 40% to return-seeking strategies for the hourly plans. Actual allocations may experience temporary fluctuations based on market movements and investment strategies.
A significant amount of the assets are invested in funds that are managed by a group of professional investment managers through Mosaic’s investment advisor. These funds are mainly commingled funds. Performance is reviewed by Mosaic management monthly by comparing each fund’s return to a benchmark with an in-depth quarterly review presented by Mosaic’s investment advisor to the Global Pension Investment Committee. We do not have significant concentrations of credit risk or industry sectors within the plan assets. Assets may be indirectly invested in Mosaic stock, but any risk related to this investment would be immaterial due to the insignificant percentage of the total pension assets that would be invested in Mosaic stock.
Fair Value Measurements of Plan Assets
The following tables provide fair value measurement, by asset class, of the Company’s defined benefit plan assets for both the U.S. and Canadian plans:
(in millions)December 31, 2020
Pension Plan Asset CategoryTotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Cash$4.6 $4.6 $— $— 
Equity securities(a)
198.5 — 198.5 — 
Fixed income(b)
641.0 — 641.0 — 
Private equity funds1.1 — — 1.1 
Total assets at fair value$845.2 $4.6 $839.5 $1.1 
(in millions)December 31, 2019
Pension Plan Asset CategoryTotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Cash$3.4 $3.4 $— $— 
Equity securities(a)
216.4 — 216.4 — 
Fixed income(b)
569.3 — 569.3 — 
Private equity funds1.5 — — 1.5 
Total assets at fair value$790.6 $3.4 $785.7 $1.5 
______________________________
(a)This class, which includes several funds, was invested approximately 43% in U.S. equity securities, 0% in Canadian equity securities and 57% in other international equity securities as of December 31, 2020, and 35% in U.S. equity securities, 18% in Canadian equity securities and 47% in other international equity securities as of December 31, 2019.
(b)This class, which includes several funds, was invested approximately 48% in corporate debt securities, 45% in governmental securities in the U.S. and Canada and 7% in other foreign entity debt securities as of December 31, 2020, and 46% in corporate debt securities, 49% in governmental securities in the U.S. and Canada and 5% in other foreign entity debt securities as of December 31, 2019.
Rates and Assumptions
The approach used to develop the discount rate for the pension and postretirement plans is commonly referred to as the yield curve approach. Under this approach, we use a hypothetical curve formed by the average yields of available corporate bonds rated AA and above and match it against the projected benefit payment stream. Each category of cash flow of the projected benefit payment stream is discounted back using the respective interest rate on the yield curve. Using the present value of projected benefit payments, a weighted-average discount rate is derived.
The approach used to develop the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets combines an analysis of historical performance, the drivers of investment performance by asset class and current economic fundamentals. For returns, we utilized a building block approach starting with inflation expectations and added an expected real return to arrive at a long-term nominal expected return for each asset class. Long-term expected real returns are derived from future expectations of the U.S. Treasury real yield curve.
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations were as follows:
Pension Plans
Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
Discount rate2.40 %3.12 %4.09 %
Expected return on plan assets3.89 %5.13 %5.14 %
Rate of compensation increase3.00 %3.00 %3.50 %
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net benefit cost were as follows:
Pension Plans
Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
Discount rate3.12 %4.09 %3.51 %
Service cost discount rate3.15 %4.00 %3.50 %
Interest cost discount rate2.83 %3.77 %3.21 %
Expected return on plan assets4.88 %5.14 %5.54 %
Rate of compensation increase3.00 %3.50 %3.50 %
Defined Contribution Plans
Eligible salaried and non-union hourly employees in the U.S. participate in a defined contribution investment plan which permits employees to defer a portion of their compensation through payroll deductions and provides matching contributions. We match 100% of the first 3% of the participant’s contributed pay plus 50% of the next 3% of the participant’s contributed pay, subject to Internal Revenue Service limits. Participant contributions, matching contributions and the related earnings immediately vest. Mosaic also provides an annual non-elective employer contribution feature for eligible salaried and non-union hourly employees based on the employee’s age and eligible pay. Participants are generally vested in the non-elective employer contributions after three years of service. In addition, a discretionary feature of the plan allows the Company to make additional contributions to employees. Certain union employees participate in a defined contribution retirement plan based on collective bargaining agreements.
Canadian salaried and non-union hourly employees participate in an employer funded plan with employer contributions similar to the U.S. plan. The plan provides a profit sharing component which is paid each year. We also sponsor one mandatory union plan in Canada. Benefits in these plans vest after two years of consecutive service.
The expense attributable to defined contribution plans in the U.S. and Canada was $48.0 million, $56.4 million and $51.2 million for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Postretirement Medical Benefit Plans
We provide certain health care benefit plans for certain retired employees (“Retiree Health Plans”) which may be either contributory or non-contributory and contain certain other cost-sharing features such as deductibles and coinsurance.
The North American Retiree Health Plans are unfunded and the projected benefit obligation was $35.0 million and $35.5 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. This liability should continue to decrease due to our limited exposure. The related income statement effects of the Retiree Health Plans are not material to the Company. We anticipate contributing cash of at least $3.2 million in 2021 to the postretirement medical benefit plans to fund anticipated benefit payments.
The year-end status of the Brazil postretirement medical benefit plans with a discount rate of 7.45% and 9.15% on each of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively was as follows:
Postretirement Medical Benefits
Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)20202019
Change in accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (“APBO”):
APBO at beginning of year$109.4 $75.8 
Service cost1.0 0.8 
Interest cost7.9 6.9 
Actuarial loss7.9 30.7 
Currency fluctuations(27.7)(4.3)
Benefits paid(1.7)(0.5)
APBO at end of year$96.8 $109.4 
Change in plan assets:
Company contribution$1.7 $0.5 
Benefits paid(1.7)(0.5)
Fair value at end of year$— $— 
Unfunded status of the plans as of the end of the year$(96.8)$(109.4)
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets:
Current liabilities$(1.7)$(1.7)
Noncurrent liabilities(95.1)(107.7)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss
Actuarial loss$42.6 $50.9