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Pension Plans and Other Benefits - Defined Contribution Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Disclosures [Abstract] |  |  |
Mosaic's matching rate of first tier of employee's compensation deferrals under the "Investment Plan" | 100.00% |  |
Maximum rate of first tier of deferred compensation elected by employees under the Company's "Investment Plan" | 3.00% |  |
Mosaic's matching rate of second tier of employee's compensation deferrals under the "Investment Plan" | 50.00% |  |
Maximum rate of second tier of deferred compensation elected by employees under the Company's "Investment Plan" | 3.00% |  |
Expense attributable to the Company's Investment Plan and Savings Plan | $ 61.7 | $ 55.7 | $ 55.8

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- Definition The first tier maximum percentage of eligible compensation that an employee may elect to be treated as deferred compensation under the entity's defined contribution plan. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | mos_EmployeeDeferredCompensationRateFirstTier
Namespace Prefix: | mos_
Data Type: | dtr-types1:percentItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

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- Definition The second tier maximum percentage of eligible compensation that an employee may elect to be treated as deferred compensation under the entity's defined contribution plan. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | mos_EmployeeDeferredCompensationRateSecondTier
Namespace Prefix: | mos_
Data Type: | dtr-types1:percentItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

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- Definition The rate at which the entity matches employee first tier deferred compensation under the entity's defined contribution plan. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | mos_EmployerMatchingRateOfEmployeeDeferredCompensationInFirstTier
Namespace Prefix: | mos_
Data Type: | dtr-types1:percentItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

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- Definition The rate at which the entity matches employee second tier deferred compensation under the entity's defined contribution plan. + References No definition available. + Details
Name: | mos_EmployerMatchingRateOfEmployeeDeferredCompensationInSecondTier
Namespace Prefix: | mos_
Data Type: | dtr-types1:percentItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

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- References No definition available. + Details
Name: | us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlansAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansDisclosuresAbstract
Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | xbrli:stringItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

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- Definition Amount of cost for defined contribution plan. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 715 -SubTopic 70 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480794/715-70-50-1 + Details
Name: | us-gaap_DefinedContributionPlanCostRecognized
Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | xbrli:monetaryItemType
Balance Type: | debit
Period Type: | duration