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Income Taxes Effective Tax Rate (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax [Line Items]        
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Domestic $ (557.8) $ 121.6 $ 1,587.8  
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Foreign 873.2 1,204.3 3,054.7  
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest $ 315.4 $ 1,325.9 $ 4,642.5  
Effective Income Tax Rate Continuing Operations Tax Rate Reconciliation        
Computed tax at the U.S. federal statutory rate 21.00% 21.00% 21.00%  
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit (5.70%) 0.40% 1.10%  
Percentage depletion in excess of basis (13.80%) (4.90%) (1.80%)  
Impact of non-U.S. earnings 23.80% 8.70% 5.80%  
Change in valuation allowance 13.00% (1.70%) 0.00%  
Tax on dividends, deemed dividends, and GILTI (1.00%) (2.50%) 0.80%  
Effective tax rate 59.20% 13.30% 26.40%  
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amounts        
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Other Reconciling Items, Amount   $ 29.3 $ 4.0  
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Other Adjustments, Amount $ 6.2 $ 1.4 $ 1.2  
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Other, Percent (42.60%) (11.50%) (2.60%)  
Deferred Tax Assets, Gross [Abstract]        
Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Increase (Decrease), Amount $ (107.4) $ (512.0) $ (135.2)  
Valuation allowance 1,529.3 1,421.9 909.9 $ 774.7
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Amount $ 125.9 $ 43.4 $ 26.2  
Effective Income Tax Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Withholding, Percent 0.136 0.063 0.016  
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Expense (Benefit), Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Amount $ 4.0   $ 12.8  
Effective Income Tax Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Foreign Tax Credits, Percent (0.126) (0.040) 0  
Effective Income Tax Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Legislation Impacts, Percent (0.057) (0.016) 0  
Effective Income Tax Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Undistributed Earnings, Percent 0.330 0.022 0  
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Change in Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance, Amount   $ 11.6    
Effective Income Tax Reconciliation, Nondeductible Expense, Tax on dividends, deemed dividends, and GILTI 0.162 0.007 0.001  
Effective Income Tax Reconciliation, Nondeductible expenses, Percent 0.200 0.002 0.004  
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Change in Enacted Tax Rate, Amount $ 2.5      
Vale Fertilizantes S.A.        
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amounts        
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Other Adjustments, Amount 24.2 $ 24.4 $ 4.8  
Deferred Tax Assets, Gross [Abstract]        
Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Increase (Decrease), Amount (9.0) (12.7) (13.2)  
Foreign Tax Jurisdiction        
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amounts        
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Other Reconciling Items, Amount 99.9      
Deferred Tax Assets, Gross [Abstract]        
Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Increase (Decrease), Amount (3.1) (6.5) (7.0)  
Domestic Tax Jurisdiction        
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amounts        
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Other Reconciling Items, Amount   38.1 $ 29.0  
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Other Adjustments, Amount 18.1      
US and non-US [Domain]        
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amounts        
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Other Reconciling Items, Amount 7.1      
Foreign Tax Credit Carryforward        
Deferred Tax Assets, Gross [Abstract]        
Valuation allowance 1,100.0      
Tax Credit Carryforward, Amount 1,400.0      
Anticipatory Foreign Tax Credit Carryforward        
Deferred Tax Assets, Gross [Abstract]        
Valuation allowance $ 199.6 $ 220.5