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Financial Instruments | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2022
Financial Instruments [Abstract] |
Financial Instruments | Note 6 – Financial Instruments Financial instruments are recorded at carrying value in the financial statements and approximate fair value as of the dates presented. The fair value of these instruments is disclosed below in accordance with current accounting guidance related to financial instruments. There have been no changes in the valuation techniques used to measure fair value, or asset or liability transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The fair value of loans payable is determined based on its carrying amount and utilizing Level 1 methods and assumptions. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of the Company’s loans payable was $213,235 and $65,000, respectively, which equates to their estimated fair value. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, is determined based on Level 1 methods and assumptions. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying amounts of the Company's cash and cash equivalents was $23,366 and $10,567, respectively, which equates to their fair value. The Company’s assets underlying the deferred compensation and non-qualified pension plans are determined by the fair value of mutual funds, which are based on quoted market prices from active markets utilizing Level 1 methods and assumptions. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of these securities was $24,717 and $28,576, respectively, which equates to their fair value, and is reported in the consolidated balance sheet in deferred charges and other assets. Unrealized gain and losses on equity securities held in conjunction with our non-qualified pension plan is as follows:
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | September 30,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net gain (loss) recognized during the period on equity securities |  | $ | (257) |  | $ | 196 |  | $ | (994) |  | $ | 695
Less: net gain / loss recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | -
Unrealized gain (loss) recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date |  | $ | (257) |  | $ | 196 |  | $ | (994) |  | $ | 695
The net gain (loss) recognized on equity securities is presented on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income on the line item “Other.” The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s long-term debt is as follows:
|  | September 30, |  | December 31,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021
Carrying amount |  | $ | 6,370,899 |  | $ | 5,947,357
Estimated fair value |  |  | 5,268,656 |  |  | 6,482,499
The fair value of long-term debt has been determined by discounting the future cash flows using current market interest rates for similar financial instruments of the same duration utilizing Level 2 methods and assumptions. The Company’s customers’ advances for construction have a carrying value of $121,247 as of September 30, 2022, and $103,619 as of December 31, 2021. Their relative fair values cannot be accurately estimated because future refund payments depend on several variables, including new customer connections, customer consumption levels, and future rates. Portions of these non-interest-bearing instruments are payable annually through 2032, and amounts not paid by the respective contract expiration dates become non-refundable. The fair value of these amounts would, however, be less than their carrying value due to the non-interest-bearing feature.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126976982&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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