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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods. The most significant of these estimates and assumptions relate to estimating contract revenues and costs, measuring progress against the Company’s performance obligations, assessing the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities accounted for through business acquisitions, valuing and determining the amortization periods for long-lived intangible assets, assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets, reserves for accounts receivable, and reserves for contract related matters. Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis using the most current and available information. However, actual results may differ significantly from estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Business Combinations The Company records all tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination at fair value as of the acquisition date, with any excess purchase consideration recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities assumed, including intangible assets, requires management to make significant judgments about expected future cash flows, weighted-average cost of capital, discount rates, and expected long-term growth rates. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the acquisition date, the Company may adjust provisional amounts recorded to reflect new information subsequently obtained regarding facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. Acquisition and Integration Costs Costs associated with legal, financial and other professional advisors related to acquisitions, whether successful or unsuccessful, as well as applicable integration costs are expensed as incurred. Revenue Recognition The Company generates almost all of our revenues from three different types of contractual arrangements with the U.S. government: cost-plus-fee, fixed-price, and time-and-materials contracts. Our contracts with the U.S. government are generally subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and are competitively priced based on estimated costs of providing the contractual goods or services. We account for a contract when the parties have approved the contract and are committed to perform on it, the rights of each party and the payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability is probable. At contract inception, the Company determines whether the goods or services to be provided are to be accounted for as a single performance obligation or as multiple performance obligations. This evaluation requires professional judgment and it may impact the timing and pattern of revenue recognition. If multiple performance obligations are identified, we generally use the cost plus a margin approach to determine the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation. When determining the total transaction price, the Company identifies both fixed and variable consideration elements within the contract. Variable consideration includes any amount within the transaction price that is not fixed, such as: award or incentive fees; performance penalties; unfunded contract value; or other similar items. For our contracts with award or incentive fees, the Company estimates the total amount of award or incentive fee expected to be recognized into revenues. Throughout the performance period, we recognize as revenue a constrained amount of variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the cumulative amount recognized to date will not be required in a subsequent period. Our estimate of variable consideration is periodically adjusted based on significant changes in relevant facts and circumstances. In the period in which we can calculate the final amount of award or incentive fee earned - based on the receipt of the customer’s final performance score or determining that more objective, contractually-defined criteria have been fully satisfied - the Company will adjust our cumulative revenue recognized to date on the contract. We generally recognize revenues over time throughout the performance period as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided on our services-type revenue arrangements. This continuous transfer of control for our U.S. government contracts is supported by the unilateral right of our customer to terminate the contract for a variety of reasons without having to provide justification for its decision. For our services-type revenue arrangements in which there are a repetitive amount of services that are substantially the same from one month to the next, the Company applies the series guidance. We use a variety of input and output methods that approximate the progress towards complete satisfaction of the performance obligation, including: costs incurred, labor hours expended, and time-elapsed measures for our fixed-price stand ready obligations. For certain contracts, primarily our cost-plus and time-and-materials services-type revenue arrangements, we apply the right-to-invoice practical expedient in which revenues are recognized in direct proportion to our present right to consideration for progress towards the complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. When a performance obligation has a significant degree of interrelation or interdependence between one month’s deliverables and the next, when there is an award or incentive fee, or when there is a significant degree of customization or modification, the Company generally records revenue using a percentage of completion method. For these revenue arrangements, substantially all revenues are recognized over time using a cost-to-cost input method based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to total estimated costs at completion. When estimates of total costs to be incurred on a contract exceed total revenue, a provision for the entire loss on the contract is recorded in the period in which the loss is determined. Contract modifications are reviewed to determine whether they should be accounted for as part of the original performance obligation or as a separate contract. When a contract modification changes the scope or price and the additional performance obligations are at their standalone selling price, the original contract is terminated and the Company accounts for the change prospectively when the new goods or services to be transferred are distinct from those already provided. When the contract modification includes goods or services that are not distinct from those already provided, the Company records a cumulative adjustment to revenues based on a remeasurement of progress towards the complete satisfaction of the not yet fully delivered performance obligation. Based on the critical nature of our contractual performance obligations, the Company may proceed with work based on customer direction prior to the completion and signing of formal contract documents. The Company has a formal review process for approving any such work that considers previous experiences with the customer, communications with the customer regarding funding status, and our knowledge of available funding for the contract or program. Costs of Revenues Costs of revenues includes all direct contract costs such as labor, materials, subcontractor costs, and indirect costs that are allowable and allocable to contracts under federal procurement standards. Costs of revenues also includes expenses that are unallowable under applicable procurement standards and are not allocable to contracts for billing purposes. Such unallowable expenses do not directly generate revenues but are necessary for business operations. Changes in Estimates on Contracts The Company recognizes revenues on many of its fixed-price, award fee, and incentive fee arrangements over time primarily using a cost-to-cost input method based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to total estimated costs at completion. The process requires the Company to use professional judgment when assessing risks, estimating contract revenues and costs, estimating variable consideration, and making assumptions for schedule and technical issues. The Company periodically reassesses its assumptions and updates its estimates as needed. When estimates of total costs to be incurred on a contract exceed total revenues, a provision for the entire loss on the contract is recorded in the period in which the loss is determined. Contract Balances Contract assets include unbilled receivables in which our right to consideration is conditional on factors other than the passage of time. Contract assets exclude billed and billable receivables. In addition, the costs to fulfill and obtain a contract are considered for capitalization based on contract specific facts and circumstances. The incremental costs to fulfill a contract (e.g., ramp up costs at the beginning of the period of performance) may be capitalized when expenses are incurred prior to satisfying a performance obligation. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract (e.g., sales commissions) are capitalized as an asset when the Company expects to recover them either directly or indirectly through the revenue arrangement’s profit margins. These capitalized costs are subsequently expensed over the revenue arrangement’s period of performance. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient to immediately expense the costs to obtain a contract when the performance obligation will be completed within twelve months of contract inception. Contract assets are periodically reassessed based on reasonably available information as of the balance sheet date to ensure they do not exceed their net realizable value. Contract liabilities primarily include advance payments received from a customer in excess of revenues that may be recognized as of the balance sheet date. The advance payment is subsequently recognized into revenues as the performance obligation is satisfied. Remaining Performance Obligations Remaining performance obligations (RPO) represent the expected revenues to be recognized for the satisfaction of remaining performance obligations on existing contracts. This balance excludes unexercised contract option years and task orders that may be issued underneath an Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) vehicle until such task orders are awarded. The RPO balance generally increases with the execution of new contracts and converts into revenues as contractual performance obligations are satisfied. The Company continues to monitor this balance as it is subject to change from execution of new contracts, contract modifications or extensions, government deobligations, or early terminations. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all investments with an original maturity of three months or less on their trade date to be cash equivalents. The Company classifies investments with an original maturity of more than three months but less than twelve months on their trade date as short-term marketable securities. Receivables Receivables include billed and billable receivables, and unbilled receivables. Amounts billable and unbilled receivables are recognized at estimated realizable value and consist of costs and fees, substantially all of which are expected to be billed and collected generally within one year. When events or conditions indicate that amounts outstanding from customers may become uncollectible, an allowance is estimated and recorded. Upon determination that a specific receivable is uncollectible, the receivable is written off against the allowance for expected credit losses. The Company’s allowance for expected credit losses was $6.1 million and $7.0 million at June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively. Accounting for Sales of Financial Assets The Company accounts for receivable transfers under its Master Accounts Receivable Purchase Agreement (MARPA) as sales under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, and derecognizes the sold receivables from its balance sheets. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk include accounts receivable and cash equivalents. Management believes that credit risk related to the Company’s accounts receivable is limited due to a large number of customers in differing segments and agencies of the U.S. government. Accounts receivable credit risk is also limited due to the credit worthiness of the U.S. government. Management believes the credit risk associated with the Company’s cash equivalents is limited due to the credit worthiness of the obligors of the investments underlying the cash equivalents. In addition, although the Company maintains cash balances at financial institutions that exceed federally insured limits, these balances are placed with high quality financial institutions. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (average cost or first-in, first-out) or net realizable value and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company periodically assesses its current inventory balances and records a provision for damaged, deteriorated, or obsolete inventory based on historical patterns and forecasted sales. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of consideration paid for an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. The Company evaluates goodwill for both of its reporting units for impairment at least annually on the first day of the fiscal fourth quarter, or whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The evaluation includes a qualitative assessment or a quantitative assessment that compares the fair value of the relevant reporting unit to its respective carrying value, including goodwill, and utilizes both income and market approaches. The analysis relies on significant judgements and assumptions about expected future cash flows, weighted-average cost of capital, discount rates, expected long-term growth rates, and financial measures derived from observable market data of comparable public companies. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the method that best reflects how their economic benefits are utilized or, if a pattern of economic benefits cannot be reliably determined, on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which is generally over periods ranging from one to twenty years. Intangible assets with finite lives are assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Property, Plant and Equipment Purchases of property, plant and equipment are capitalized at cost. Depreciation of equipment and furniture has been provided over the estimated useful life of the respective assets (ranging from three to eight years) using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are generally amortized using the straight-line method over the remaining lease term or the useful life of the improvements, whichever is shorter. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. We evaluate our long-lived assets for potential impairment whenever there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable and the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value. External Software Development Costs Costs incurred in creating software to be sold or licensed for external use are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established. Technological feasibility is established upon completion of a detailed program design or, in its absence, completion of a working model. Thereafter, all such software development costs are capitalized and subsequently reported at the lower of unamortized cost or estimated net realizable value. Capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated economic life of the software. Leases The Company enters into contractual arrangements primarily for the use of real estate facilities, information technology equipment, and certain other equipment. These arrangements contain a lease when the Company controls the underlying asset and has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits or outputs from the asset. All of our leases are operating leases. The Company records a right of use (ROU) asset and lease liability as of the lease commencement date equal to the present value of the remaining lease payments. Most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate that can be readily determined. Therefore, we use a discount rate based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, which is determined using our credit rating and information available as of the commencement date. The ROU asset is then adjusted for initial direct costs and certain lease incentives included in the contractual arrangement. The Company has elected to not apply the lease recognition guidance for short-term equipment leases and to separate lease from non-lease components. Our operating lease arrangements may contain options to extend the lease term or for early termination. We account for these options when it is reasonably certain we will exercise them. ROU assets are evaluated for impairment in a manner consistent with the treatment of other long-lived assets. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is recorded primarily within indirect costs and selling expenses on the consolidated statement of operations. Variable lease expenses are generally recorded in the period they are incurred and are excluded from the ROU asset and lease liability. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and amounts included in other current assets and current liabilities that meet the definition of a financial instrument approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these amounts. The fair value of the Company’s debt under its bank credit facility approximates its carrying value at June 30, 2024. The fair value of the Company’s debt under its bank credit facility was estimated using Level 2 inputs based on market data on companies with a corporate rating similar to CACI’s that have recently priced credit facilities. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock but not securities that are anti-dilutive. Using the treasury stock method, diluted earnings per share includes the incremental effect of restricted stock units (RSUs) that are no longer subject to a market or performance condition. Information about the weighted-average number of basic and diluted shares is presented in “Note 14 – Earnings Per Share”. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities due to a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Estimates of the realizability of deferred tax assets are based on the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. Liabilities for uncertain tax positions are recognized when it is more likely than not that a tax position will not be sustained upon examination and settlement with taxing authorities. Liabilities for uncertain tax positions are measured based upon the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax penalties and interest are included in income tax expense. Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan The Company maintains the CACI International Inc Group Executive Retirement Plan (the Supplemental Savings Plan) and maintains the underlying assets in a Rabbi Trust. The Supplemental Savings Plan is a non-qualified defined contribution supplemental retirement savings plan for certain key employees whereby participants may elect to defer and contribute a portion of their compensation, as permitted by the plan. Each participant directs his or her investments in the Supplemental Savings Plan (see “Note 17 – Retirement Plans”). A Rabbi Trust is a grantor trust established to fund compensation for a select group of management. The assets of this trust are available to satisfy the claims of general creditors in the event of bankruptcy of the Company. The assets held by the Rabbi Trust are invested in corporate owned life insurance (COLI) products. The COLI products are recorded at cash surrender value in the consolidated financial statements as supplemental retirement savings plan assets. The amounts due to participants are based on contributions, participant investment elections, and other participant activity and are recorded as supplemental retirement savings plan obligations. Foreign Currency The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar are translated at the exchange rate in effect on the reporting date, and income and expenses are translated at the weighted-average exchange rate during the period. The Company’s primary practice is to negotiate contracts in the same currency in which the predominant expenses are incurred, thereby mitigating the exposure to foreign currency fluctuations. The net translation gains and losses are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders’ equity. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded as incurred in indirect costs and selling expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income is the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to revenue, expenses, and gains and losses that under U.S. GAAP are included in comprehensive income, but excluded from the determination of net income. The elements within other comprehensive income consist of foreign currency translation adjustments; the changes in the fair value of interest rate swap agreements, net of tax benefit (expense) of $2.5 million, $(6.1) million and $(11.8) million for the years ended June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively; and differences between actual amounts and estimates based on actuarial assumptions and the effect of changes in actuarial assumptions made under the Company’s post-retirement benefit plans, net of tax (see Note 13). As of June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the accumulated other comprehensive loss balance included gains (losses) of $(37.4) million, $(37.0) million, and $(45.3) million respectively, related to foreign currency translation adjustments, $23.4 million, $30.9 million, and $13.1 million, respectively, related to the fair value of interest rate swap agreements, and $1.3 million, $1.1 million, and $1.1 million, respectively, related to unrecognized post-retirement costs. Commitments and Contingencies Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment and/or remediation can be reasonably estimated.

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