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REVENUE (Notes)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue from Contract with Customer
3. REVENUE
WESCO distributes products and provides services to customers globally within the following end markets: (1) industrial, (2) construction, (3) utility, and (4) commercial, institutional and government. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration WESCO expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services.
The following tables disaggregate WESCO’s revenue by end market and geography:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
 June 30June 30
(In thousands)2020201920202019
Industrial$605,536  $761,934  $1,307,750  $1,498,825  
Construction573,176  704,183  1,209,675  1,337,483  
Utility370,315  346,941  711,260  655,213  
Commercial, Institutional and Government315,822  337,030  604,811  619,834  
Total by WESCO end market1,864,849  2,150,088  3,833,496  4,111,355  
Anixter(1)
221,857  —  221,857  —  
Total consolidated$2,086,706  $2,150,088  $4,055,353  $4,111,355  
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
 June 30June 30
(In thousands)2020201920202019
United States$1,431,763  $1,616,347  $2,910,257  $3,077,263  
Canada 330,533  415,030  707,948  799,700  
Other International102,553  118,711  215,291  234,392  
Total by geography1,864,849  2,150,088  3,833,496  4,111,355  
Anixter(1) (2)
221,857  —  221,857  —  
Total consolidated$2,086,706  $2,150,088  $4,055,353  $4,111,355  

(1) The effect of the merger with Anixter on the Company's determination of reportable segments is disclosed in Note 14.
(2) For the nine-day period from June 22, 2020 to June 30, 2020, approximately 78% of Anixter's sales were attributable to U.S. and Canadian operations.
In accordance with certain contractual arrangements, WESCO receives payment from its customers in advance and recognizes such payment as deferred revenue. Revenue for advance payment is recognized when the performance obligation has been satisfied and control has transferred to the customer, which is generally upon shipment. Deferred revenue is usually recognized within a year or less from the date of the customer’s advance payment. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, $30.6 million and $12.3 million, respectively, of deferred revenue was recorded as a component of other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
WESCO’s revenues are adjusted for variable consideration, which includes customer volume rebates, returns, and discounts. WESCO measures variable consideration by estimating expected outcomes using analysis and inputs based upon anticipated performance, historical data, as well as current and forecasted information. Measurement and recognition of variable consideration is reviewed by management on a monthly basis and revenue is adjusted accordingly. Variable consideration reduced revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 by approximately $31.7 million and $28.5 million, respectively, and by approximately $54.9 million and $53.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Shipping and handling activities are recognized in net sales when they are billed to the customer. The related costs are recognized as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses. WESCO has elected to recognize shipping and handling costs as a fulfillment cost. Shipping and handling costs recorded as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses totaled $20.9 million and $18.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $38.9 million and $35.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.