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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation
Wesco sponsors a stock-based compensation plan. On May 27, 2021, the Company's stockholders approved the WESCO International, Inc. 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”). The 2021 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors.
The 2021 Plan was designed to be the successor plan to all prior stock-based compensation plans. Accordingly, no new awards may be granted under the Company’s 1999 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the “1999 Plan”) or any other prior plan. Awards outstanding under any such prior plans will remain in full force and effect under such plans according to their respective terms. To the extent that any such award is forfeited, terminates, expires or lapses without being exercised, or is settled for cash, the shares subject to such award not delivered will again be available for awards under the 2021 Plan.
The maximum number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be granted pursuant to awards under the 2021 Plan is 2,150,000, less any shares issued under the 1999 Plan between March 31, 2021 and May 27, 2021. If any award granted under the 2021 Plan is forfeited, terminates, expires or lapses instead of being exercised, or is settled for cash, the shares subject to such award will again be available for grant under the 2021 Plan. Shares delivered by participants or withheld by the Company to pay all or a portion of the exercise price or withholding taxes with respect to stock option or stock appreciation right awards will not again be available for issuance. Shares delivered by participants or withheld by the Company to satisfy applicable tax withholding obligations with respect to restricted shares or restricted stock units will again be available for grant under the 2021 Plan. As of December 31, 2022, 1,992,652 shares of common stock were reserved under the 2021 Plan for future equity award grants.
Stock-based compensation awards outstanding under Wesco's plans are comprised of stock options, stock-settled stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units and performance-based awards. Compensation cost for all stock-based awards is measured at fair value on the date of grant and compensation cost is recognized, net of estimated forfeitures, over the service period for awards expected to vest. The fair value of stock options and stock-settled stock appreciation rights is determined using the Black-Scholes model. The fair value of restricted stock units and performance-based awards with performance conditions is determined by the grant-date closing price of Wesco’s common stock. The forfeiture assumption is based on Wesco’s historical participant behavior that is reviewed on at least an annual basis. No dividends are assumed. For stock options and stock-settled stock appreciation rights that are exercised, and for restricted stock units and performance-based awards that vest, shares are issued out of Wesco's outstanding common stock.
Stock options and stock-settled stock appreciation rights vest ratably over a three-year period and terminate on the tenth anniversary of the grant date unless terminated sooner under certain conditions. Restricted stock unit awards granted in February 2020 and prior vest based on a minimum time period of three years. The special award described below vests in tranches. Restricted stock units awarded in 2022 and 2021 vest ratably over a three-year period on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date. Vesting of performance-based awards is based on a three-year performance period, and the number of shares earned, if any, depends on the attainment of certain performance levels. Outstanding awards would vest upon the consummation of a change in control transaction with performance-based awards vesting at the target level.
On July 2, 2020, a special award of restricted stock units was granted to certain officers of the Company. These awards vest in tranches of 30% on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date and 40% on the third anniversary of the grant date, subject, in each case, to continued employment through the applicable anniversary date.
Performance-based awards granted in 2022, 2021 and 2020 are based on two equally-weighted performance measures: the three-year average growth rate of Wesco's net income attributable to common stockholders and the three-year cumulative return on net assets. These awards are accounted for as awards with performance conditions; compensation cost is recognized over the performance period based upon Wesco's determination of whether it is probable that the performance targets will be achieved.
Wesco recognized $46.4 million, $30.8 million and $19.3 million of non-cash stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses for all such periods. As of December 31, 2022, there was $51.8 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements for all awards previously made of which approximately $32.8 million is expected to be recognized in 2023, $16.8 million in 2024 and $2.2 million in 2025.
The aggregate intrinsic value of awards exercised during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $68.3 million, $69.7 million, and $8.8 million, respectively. The gross deferred income tax benefit associated with the exercise of stock-based awards totaled $15.8 million, $16.8 million, and $2.0 million in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, Wesco granted the following stock options, stock-settled stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, and performance-based awards at the following weighted-average fair values:
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Stock options granted92,799 — — 
Weighted-average fair value$57.15 n/an/a
Stock-settled stock appreciation rights granted— 139,592 262,091 
Weighted-average fair valuen/a$33.19 $13.86 
Restricted stock units granted234,800 314,480 656,717 
Weighted-average fair value$122.13 $77.81 $37.44 
Performance-based awards granted83,991 122,812 158,756 
Weighted-average fair value$122.09 $76.76 $49.56 
The fair values of stock options and stock-settled stock appreciation rights, as disclosed in the table above, were estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions in the respective periods:
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Risk free interest rate2.0%0.8%1.4%
Expected life (in years)775
Expected volatility43%41%30%
The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury Daily Yield Curve rate as of the grant date. The expected life is based on historical exercise experience and the expected volatility is based on the volatility of the Company's daily stock price over the expected life preceding the grant date of the award.
The following table sets forth a summary of stock options and related information for the period presented:
Year Ended December 31,
 2022
AwardsWeighted-Average
Exercise
Price		Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life		Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(In thousands)
Beginning of year— $— 
Granted92,799 121.58 
Exercised— — 
Forfeited(5,452)122.09 
End of year87,347 121.55 9.1$319 
Exercisable at end of year
879 $122.09 0.6$3 
The following table sets forth a summary of stock-settled stock appreciation rights and related information for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
AwardsWeighted-Average
Exercise
Price		Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life		Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(In thousands)		AwardsWeighted-Average
Exercise
Price		AwardsWeighted-Average
Exercise
Price
Beginning of year1,370,388 $62.09   2,161,556 $60.48 2,337,049 $59.72 
Granted— —   139,592 77.05 262,091 48.32 
Exercised(113,382)61.90   (916,906)60.70 (391,339)47.11 
Forfeited(8,891)73.35   (13,854)54.42 (46,245)65.93 
End of year1,248,115 62.02 5.2$78,850 1,370,388 62.09 2,161,556 60.48 
Exercisable at end of year
1,083,320 $61.91 4.9$68,567 1,001,708 $62.79 1,630,891 $62.72 
The following table sets forth a summary of restricted stock units and related information for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
AwardsWeighted-Average
Fair
Value		AwardsWeighted-Average
Fair
Value		AwardsWeighted-Average
Fair
Value
Unvested at beginning of year974,162 $53.48 921,495 $43.15 363,729 $60.00 
Granted234,800 122.13 314,480 77.81 656,717 37.44 
Vested(393,194)53.13 (232,152)44.10 (83,253)69.17 
Forfeited(41,535)66.30 (29,661)63.86 (15,698)56.79 
Unvested at end of year774,233 $73.79 974,162 $53.48 921,495 $43.15 
The following table sets forth a summary of performance-based awards and related information for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
AwardsWeighted-Average
Fair
Value		AwardsWeighted-Average
Fair
Value		AwardsWeighted-Average
Fair
Value
Unvested at beginning of year380,819 $59.23 305,269 $52.61 195,305 $60.24 
     Granted83,991 122.09 122,812 76.76 158,756 49.56 
     Vested(115,394)54.64 (22,371)62.80 (25,909)78.04 
     Forfeited(14,087)60.75 (24,891)61.26 (22,883)69.39 
Unvested at end of year335,329 $75.26 380,819 $59.23 305,269 $52.61