10-Q 1 frhc_10-q.htm QUARTERLY REPORT
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________ to _________
Commission File Number 001-33034

FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada |  | 30-0233726
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

“Esentai Tower” BC, Floor 7 77/7 Al Farabi Ave Almaty, Kazakhstan |  | 050040
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(801) 355-2227
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months ( or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such file). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ (Do not check if smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company ☑
Emerging growth company ☐ |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes ☐ No ☑
As of November 12, 2018, the registrant had 58,043,212 shares of common stock, par value $0.001, issued and outstanding.
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION | Page
Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) for the Three and Six Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 | 5
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 34
Item 3. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 48
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 48
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 48
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 49
Item 6. Exhibits | 49
Signatures | 50

2
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)

| September 30, 2018 | March 31, 2018*
|  | (Recast)
ASSETS |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $39,810 | $65,731
Restricted cash | 29,560 | 21,962
Trading securities | 148,407 | 212,595
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value | 2 | 240
Brokerage and other receivables, net | 80,202 | 24,885
Loans issued | 2,799 | 8,754
Deferred tax assets | 843 | 772
Fixed assets, net | 4,027 | 2,571
Intangible assets, net | 4,306 | 5,531
Goodwill | 2,982 | 3,288
Other assets, net | 4,217 | 4,573
TOTAL ASSETS | $317,155 | $350,902
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |
Securities sold, not yet purchased - at fair value | $630 | $1,135
Loans received | 3,604 | 7,143
Debt securities issued | 23,555 | 11,222
Customer liabilities | 69,840 | 30,672
Trade payables | 21,082 | 9,013
Deferred distribution payments | 8,534 | 8,534
Securities repurchase agreement obligation | 77,578 | 154,775
Current income tax liability | 607 | -
Other liabilities | 1,864 | 1,376
TOTAL LIABILITIES | 207,294 | 223,870
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 20) | - | -
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |
Preferred stock - $0.001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding | - | -
Common stock - $0.001 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 58,033,212 and 58,033,212 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively | 58 | 58
Additional paid in capital | 99,850 | 100,180
Retained earnings | 29,728 | 34,351
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (19,775) | (7,557)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | 109,861 | 127,032
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $317,155 | $350,902

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
* See Notes 2 and 3 for information regarding recast amounts and basis of financial statement presentation.
3
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS) (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)

| Three months ended September 30, | Six months ended September 30,
| 2018 | 2017* | 2018 | 2017*
Revenue: |  | (Recast) |  | (Recast)
Fee and commission income | $12,786 | $2,015 | $18,759 | $5,072
Net gain on trading securities | 4,317 | 32,385 | 1,028 | 39,516
Interest income | 1,474 | 1,138 | 8,847 | 3,785
Net (loss) on derivatives | - | (670) | - | (180)
Net gain/(loss) on foreign exchange operations | (1,138) | 956 | (3,248) | 1,615
TOTAL REVENUE, NET | 17,439 | 35,824 | 25,386 | 49,808
Expense: |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 3,678 | 3,183 | 8,291 | 5,213
Fee and commission expense | 968 | 503 | 1,733 | 792
Operating expense | 10,044 | 3,782 | 19,155 | 7,446
Other expense/(income), net | 405 | (54) | 351 | (9)
Loss from disposal of subsidiary | 15 | - | 15 | -
TOTAL EXPENSE | 15,110 | 7,414 | 29,545 | 13,442
NET INCOME/(LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX | 2,329 | 28,410 | (4,159) | 36,366
Income tax expense | (614) | (998) | (464) | (965)
NET INCOME/(LOSS) | $1,715 | $27,412 | $(4,623) | $35,401
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS) |  |  |  |
Change in unrealized gain on investments available-for-sale, net of tax effect | $- | $106 | $- | $47
Reclassification adjustment relating to available-for-sale investments disposed of in the period, net of tax effect | - | - | 22 | -
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax effect | (5,523) | 8,918 | (12,240) | 6,750
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS) | $(3,808) | $36,436 | $(16,841) | $42,198
BASIC NET INCOME/(LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE (In US Dollars) | $0.03 | $1.22 | $(0.08) | $2.09
DILUTED NET INCOME/(LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE (In US Dollars) | $0.03 | $1.22 | $(0.08) | $2.09
Weighted average number of shares (basic) | 58,033,212 | 22,536,534 | 58,033,212 | 16,951,994
Weighted average number of shares (diluted) | 58,213,477 | 22,536,534 | 58,213,728 | 16,951,994

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
* See Notes 2 and 3 for information regarding recast amounts and basis of financial statement presentation.
4
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)

| For the six months ended
| September 30, 2018 | S eptember 30, 2017*
|  | (Recast)
Cash Flows From Operating Activities |  |
Net income/(loss) | $(4,623) | $35,401
Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) from operating activities: |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 819 | 639
Gain on sale of fixed assets | 32 | -
Change in deferred taxes | (173) | 1,132
Stock compensation expense | 1,686 | -
Unrealized loss/(gain) on trading securities | 16,017 | (29,503)
Net gain on derivative | - | (490)
Net change in accrued interest | 134 | (120)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |
Trading securities | 24,380 | (62,090)
Brokerage and other receivables | (53,928) | (5,034)
Loans issued | 5,382 | 229
Other assets | (218) | (1,360)
Customer liabilities | 41,284 | 11,033
Current income tax liability | 607 | (130)
Trade payables | 12,237 | -
Securities repurchase agreement obligation | (61,106) | 71,584
Securities sold, not yet purchased | (419) | -
Other liabilities | 667 | 126
Net cash flows (used in)/from operating activities | (17,222) | 21,417
Cash Flows From Investing Activities |  |
Purchase of fixed assets | (2,299) | (748)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets | 283 | 8
Proceeds from sale of intangible assets | - | 4
Proceeds from sale/(purchase) of available-for-sale securities, at fair value | 241 | (5,490)
Consideration paid for Asyl | (2,240) | -
Cash received from acquisitions | - | 1,368
Net cash flows used in investing activities | (4,015) | (4,858)

Cash Flows From Financing Activities |  |
Proceeds from issuance of debt securities | 17,077 | 16,674
Repurchase of debt securities | (2,794) | (9,955)
Proceeds from loans received | 5,297 | -
Repayment of loans | (8,352) | -
Capital contributions | 225 | 8,464
Net cash flows from financing activities | 11,453 | 15,183

Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | (8,539) | (4,467)
NET CHANGE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH | (18,323) | 27,275
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD | 87,693 | 35,365
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD | $69,370 | $62,640

5
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)

| For the six months ended
| September 30, 2018 | September 30, 2017*
|  | (Recast)
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |
Cash paid for interest | $7,736 | $5,537
Income tax paid | $416 | $523

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

Assets received from acquisition of Asyl | $- | $4,666
Liabilities assumed from acquisition of Asyl | $- | $82
Assets received from acquisition of Nettrader | $- | $11,158
Liabilities assumed from acquisition of Nettrader | $- | $4,121

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
* See Notes 2 and 3 for information regarding recast amounts and basis of financial statement presentation.
6
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
NOTE 1 - DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Overview
Freedom Holding Corp. (the “Company” or “FRHC”) is a corporation organized in the United States under the laws of the State of Nevada that owns several operating subsidiaries that engage in a broad range of activities in the securities industry, including retail securities brokerage, research, investment counseling, securities trading, market making, corporate investment banking and underwriting services in Central Asia. The Company is headquartered in Almaty, Kazakhstan, with supporting administrative office locations in Russia, Cyprus and the United States. The Company has retail locations in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
The Company owns directly, or through subsidiaries, the following companies: LLC Investment Company Freedom Finance, a Moscow, Russia-based securities broker-dealer (“Freedom RU”); FFIN Bank, a Moscow, Russia-based bank (“FFIN Bank”); JSC Freedom Finance, an Almaty, Kazakhstan-based securities broker-dealer (“Freedom KZ”); Freedom Finance Cyprus Limited (formerly known as FFINEU Investments Limited), a Limassol, Cyprus-based broker-dealer (“Freedom CY”); Freedom Finance Ukraine, a Kiev, Ukraine-based broker-dealer (“Freedom UA”); LLC Freedom Finance Uzbekistan, a Tashkent, Uzbekistan-based broker-dealer (“Freedom UZ”); and FFIN Securities, Inc., a Nevada corporation (“FFIN”).
The Company’s subsidiaries are members on the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE), the Astana International Exchange (AIX), Moscow Exchange (MOEX), Saint-Petersburg Exchange (SPB), the Ukrainian Exchange, and the Republican Stock Exchange of Tashkent (UZSE). Freedom CY serves to provide the Company’s clients with operations support and access to the investment opportunities, relative stability, and integrity of the U.S. and European securities markets, which under the regulatory regimes of many jurisdictions where the Company operates do not currently allow investors direct access to international securities markets.
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six month periods ended September 30, 2018, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
7
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2018, has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.
The Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements present the consolidated accounts of FRHC, FFIN, Freedom RU, Freedom KZ, FFIN Bank, Freedom CY, Freedom UA, Freedom UZ and the financial results of LLC First Stock Store (“Freedom24”) up to the date of its disposal on September 30, 2018. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated from the condensed consolidated financial statements.
For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2018.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management believes that the estimates utilized in preparing its financial statements are reasonable and prudent. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue recognition
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC Topic 606”), establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity’s contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services promised to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied. The majority of the Company’s revenue-generating transactions are not subject to ASC Topic 606, including revenue generated from financial instruments, such as loans and investment securities, as these activities are subject to other US GAAP guidance discussed elsewhere within these disclosures. Descriptions of the Company’s revenue-generating activities that are within the scope of ASC Topic 606, which are presented in these income statements as components of non-interest income are as follows:
●
Commissions on brokerage services;
●
Commissions on banking services (money transfers, foreign exchange operations and other); and
●
Commissions on investment banking services (underwriting, market making, and bondholders’ representation services).
8
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
The Company adopted the new guidance on April 1, 2018. Under Topic 606, the Company is required to recognize incentive fees when they are probable and there is not a significant chance of reversal in the future. For the brokerage commission, banking service commission and investment banking services commission contracts in place at the time of adoption, this change in policy did not result in any actual change in revenue that had already been recognized and therefore there was no transition adjustment necessary. Based on a review of the Company’s brokerage commission, banking service commission and investment banking services commission contracts in place at the time of adoption, the Company does not believe the actual timing of recognition of incentive fees under future contracts will be materially impacted in the future. However, the new policy may result in incentive fees being recognized sooner in the future than they would have been under the Company’s revenue recognition policy in place prior to the adoption of Topic 606.
The Company recognizes revenue when five basic criteria have been met:
●
The parties to the contract have approved the contract (in writing, orally, or in accordance with other customary business practices) and are committed to perform their respective obligations.
●
The entity can identify each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred.
●
The entity can identify the payment terms for the goods or services to be transferred.
●
The contract has commercial substance (that is, the risk, timing, or amount of the entity’s future cash flows is expected to change as a result of the contract).
●
It is probable that the entity will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer.
Derivative financial instruments
In the normal course of business, the Company invests in various derivative financial contracts including futures. Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value at the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured to their fair value at each reporting date. The fair values are estimated based on quoted market prices or pricing models that take into account the current market and contractual prices of the underlying instruments and other factors. Derivatives are carried as assets when their fair value is positive and as liabilities when it is negative. Derivatives are included in assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss in the consolidated balance sheet.
The Company purchases foreign currency futures contracts from financial institutions to minimize the risk caused by foreign currency fluctuation on its foreign currency receivables and payables and also purchases foreign currency futures contracts for speculative purposes. Futures are traded on the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange and represent commitments to purchase or sell a particular foreign currency at a future date and at a specific price.
9
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
All gains and losses on foreign currency contracts were realized during the three and six month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and are included in net loss on derivatives in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss).
Functional currency
Management has adopted ASC 830, Foreign Currency Translation Matters as it pertains to its foreign currency translation. The Company’s functional currencies are the Russian ruble, European euro, Ukrainian hryvnia, Uzbekistani som and Kazakhstani tenge, and its reporting currency is the United States dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into United States dollars using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at rates of exchange in effect at the date of the transaction. Average monthly rates are used to translate revenues and expenses. Gains and losses arising on translation or settlement of foreign currency denominated transactions or balances are included in Other Comprehensive Income.
For financial reporting purposes, foreign currencies are translated into United States dollars as the reporting currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet dates. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average rate of exchange prevailing during the reporting period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a component of stockholders’ equity as “Accumulated other comprehensive loss”.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are generally comprised of certain highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase. Cash and cash equivalents include reverse repurchase agreements which are recorded at the amounts at which the securities were acquired or sold plus accrued interest.
Securities reverse repurchase and repurchase agreements
A reverse repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the Company purchases financial instruments from a seller, typically in exchange for cash, and simultaneously enters into an agreement to resell the same or substantially the same financial instruments to the seller for an amount equal to the cash or other consideration exchanged plus interest at a future date. Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at the contractual amount for which the securities will be resold, including accrued interest. Financial instruments purchased under reverse repurchase agreements are recorded in the financial statements as cash placed on deposit collateralized by securities and classified as cash and cash equivalents in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
10
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the Company sells financial instruments to another party, typically in exchange for cash, and simultaneously enters into an agreement to reacquire the same or substantially the same financial instruments from the buyer for an amount equal to the cash or other consideration exchanged plus interest at a future date. These agreements are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions. The Company retains the financial instruments sold under repurchase agreements and classifies them as trading securities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The consideration received under repurchase agreements is classified as securities repurchase agreement obligations in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company enters into reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements, securities borrowed and securities loaned transactions to, among other things, acquire securities to leverage and grow its proprietary trading portfolio, cover short positions and settle other securities obligations, to accommodate customers’ needs and to finance its inventory positions. The Company enters into these transactions in accordance with normal market practice. Under standard terms for repurchase transactions, the recipient of collateral has the right to sell or repledge the collateral, subject to returning equivalent securities on settlement of the transaction.
Available-for-sale securities
Financial assets categorized as available-for-sale (“AFS”) are non-derivatives that are either designated as available-for-sale or not classified as (a) loans and receivables, (b) held to maturity investments or (c) trading securities.
Listed shares and listed redeemable notes held by the Company that are traded in an active market are classified as AFS and are stated at fair value. The Company has investments in unlisted shares that are not traded in an active market but that are also classified as investments AFS and stated at fair value (because Company management considers that fair value can be reliably measured). Gains and losses arising from changes in fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the Accumulated other comprehensive loss, with the exception of other-than-temporary impairment losses, interest calculated using the effective interest method, dividend income and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of other Comprehensive Income/(Loss). Where the investment is disposed of or is determined to be impaired, the cumulative gain or loss previously accumulated in the investments revaluation reserve is reclassified to profit or loss.
Trading securities
Financial assets are classified as trading securities if the financial asset has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term.
Trading securities are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognized in revenue. Changes in fair value are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) and included in net gain on trading securities. Interest earned, and dividend income are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) and are included in interest income, according to the terms of the contract and when the right to receive the payment has been established.
11
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
Investments in nonconsolidated managed funds are accounted for at fair value based on the net asset value (“NAV”) of the funds provided by the fund managers with gains or losses included in net gain on trading securities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss).
Debt securities issued
Debt securities issued are initially recognized at the fair value of the consideration received, less directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequently, amounts due are stated at amortized cost and any difference between net proceeds and the redemption value is recognized over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. If the Company purchases its own debt, it is removed from the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the difference between the carrying amount of the liability and the consideration paid is recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss).
Brokerage and other receivables
Brokerage and other receivables comprise commissions and receivables related to the securities brokerage and banking activity of the Company. At initial recognition, brokerage and other receivables are recognized at fair value. Subsequently, brokerage and other receivables are carried at cost net of any allowance for impairment losses.
Derecognition of financial assets
A financial asset (or, where applicable a part of a financial asset or a part of a group of similar financial assets) is derecognized where all of the following conditions are met:
●
The transferred financial assets have been isolated from the Company - put presumptively beyond the reach of the Company and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership.
●
The Company has rights to pledge or exchange financial assets.
●
The Company or its agents do not maintain effective control over the transferred financial assets or third-party beneficial interests related to those transferred assets.
Where the Company has not met the asset derecognition conditions above, it continues to recognize the asset to the extent of its continuing involvement.
12
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
Impairment of long lived assets
In accordance with the accounting guidance for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets, the Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used when events and circumstances warrant such a review. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the fair value from such asset is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long-lived asset. Fair value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of are determined in a similar manner, except that fair values are reduced for the cost of disposal. As of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the Company had not recorded any charges for impairment of long-lived assets.
Impairment of goodwill
As of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, goodwill recorded in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets totaled $2,982 and $3,288, respectively. The Company performs an impairment review at least annually, unless indicators of impairment exist in interim periods. The impairment test for goodwill uses a two-step approach. Step one compares the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with goodwill to its carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value, step two must be performed. Step two compares the carrying value of the reporting unit to the fair value of all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit as if the reporting unit was acquired in a business combination. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit's goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of its goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess. In its annual goodwill impairment test, the Company estimated the fair value of the reporting unit based on the income approach (also known as the discounted cash flow method) and determined the fair value of the Company’s goodwill exceeded the carrying amount of the Company’s goodwill.
Income taxes
The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets based on the difference between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by the amount of any tax benefits that, based on available evidence, are not expected to be realized.
Current income tax expenses are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities. As part of the process of preparing financial statements, the Company is required to estimate its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability approach. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for tax consequences in future years based on differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements at each year-end and tax loss carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates applicable for the differences that are expected to affect taxable income.
13
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
The Company will include interest and penalties arising from the underpayment of income taxes in the provision for income taxes. As of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the Company had no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. bill commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform Act”) was enacted, which significantly changed U.S. tax law by, among other things, lowering corporate income tax rates, implementing a territorial tax system and imposing a repatriation tax on deemed repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. The Tax Reform Act permanently reduces the U.S. corporate income tax rate from a maximum of 35% to a flat 21% rate, effective January 1, 2018. The Tax Reform Act also provided for a one-time deemed repatriation of post-1986 undistributed foreign subsidiary earnings and profits (“E&P”) through the year ended December 31, 2017. The Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income ("GILTI") provisions of the Tax Reform Act require the Company to include in its U.S. income tax return foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign subsidiary’s tangible assets. The Company may be subject to incremental U.S. tax on GILTI income beginning in 2018, depending upon expense allocations and the applicable U.S. foreign tax credit rules. The Company has presented the deferred tax impacts of GILTI tax in its consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended September 30, 2018.
Financial instruments
Financial instruments are carried at fair value as described below.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either in the principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. Fair value is the current bid price for financial assets, current ask price for financial liabilities and the average of current bid and ask prices when the Company is both in short and long positions for the financial instrument. A financial instrument is regarded as quoted in an active market if quoted prices are readily and regularly available from an exchange or other institution and those prices represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm’s length basis.
Leases
Rent payable under operating leases is charged to expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease.
Fixed assets
Fixed assets are carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Maintenance, repairs, and minor renewals are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range between three and seven years.
14
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
Recent accounting pronouncements
In May 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-06, Codification Improvements to Topic 942, Financial Services - Depository and Lending. The FASB issued this Update to supersede outdated guidance related to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency’s Banking Circular 202, Accounting for Net Deferred Tax Charges (Circular 202). The Board has an ongoing project on its agenda about Codification improvements to clarify the FASB Accounting Standards Codification or to correct unintended application of guidance. Those Codification improvement items generally are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice or to create a significant administrative cost for most entities. The amendments in this Update are of a similar nature, and, therefore, the Board is addressing the improvements through the Codification improvements project. The Board decided to issue a separate Update to increase stakeholders’ awareness of the improvements to Topic 942, Financial Services—Depository and Lending. The amendments in this Update remove outdated guidance related to Circular 202 and should have no effect on reporting entities.
ASU 2016-02, “Leases,” ASU 2018-01, “Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842,” ASU 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” and ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements”: In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 which requires entities to include substantially all leases on the balance sheet by requiring the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for all leases. Entities may elect to exclude from the balance sheet those leases with a maximum possible term of less than 12 months. For lessees, a lease is classified as finance or operating, and the asset and liability are initially measured at the present value of the lease payments. For lessors, accounting for leases is largely unchanged from previous provisions of U.S. GAAP, other than certain changes to align lessor accounting to specific changes made to lessee accounting and ASC 606. ASU 2016-02 also requires new qualitative and quantitative disclosures for both lessees and lessors. In July 2018 the FASB adopted ASU 2018-10 which makes technical corrections and clarifications to the accounting guidance in Topic 842.
For public entities, ASU 2016-02, 2018-01, 2018-10 and 2018-11 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods therein, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2016-02 requires lessees and lessors to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. ASU 2018-11, adopted in July 2018, provides entities an optional transition method to apply the new guidance as of the adoption date, rather than as of the earliest period presented. In transition, entities may elect certain practical expedients when applying ASU 2016-02. These include a package of practical expedients that must be applied in its entirety to all leases commencing before the effective date, unless the lease is modified, to not reassess (a) the existence of a lease, (b) lease classification or (c) determination of initial direct costs, which effectively allows entities to carryforward accounting conclusions under previous U.S. GAAP. ASU 2016-02 also includes a practical expedient to use hindsight in making judgments when determining the lease term and any long-lived asset impairment. ASU 2018-01, adopted in January 2018, allows entities to elect a practical expedient that would exclude application of ASU 2016-02 to land easements that existed prior to its adoption, if they were not accounted for as leases under previous U.S. GAAP. ASU 2018-11 provides a lessor practical expedient for separating lease and non-lease components. We are currently evaluating the effect of the standards on our ongoing financial reporting.
15
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. In March 2014, the Board issued a proposed FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting—Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements, which the Board finalized on August 28, 2018. The disclosure framework project’s objective and primary focus are to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements by facilitating clear communication of the information required by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, based on the concepts in the Concepts Statement, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments in this Update apply to all entities that are required, under existing GAAP, to make disclosures about recurring or nonrecurring fair value measurements. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-05, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement, to help entities evaluate the accounting for fees paid by a customer in a cloud computing arrangement (hosting arrangement) by providing guidance for determining when the arrangement includes a software license. The amendments in this Update on the accounting for implementation, setup, and other upfront costs (collectively referred to as implementation costs) apply to entities that are a customer in a hosting arrangement, as defined in the Master Glossary and as further amended by this Update, that is a service contract. The amendments in this Update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in this Update should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company does not expect this new guidance will have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes. Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, provides guidance on the risks associated with financial assets or liabilities that are permitted to be hedged and sustainability of benchmark interest rate used. The amendments in this Update apply to all entities that elect to apply hedge accounting to benchmark interest rate hedges under Topic 815. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
16
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-17, Consolidation (Topic 810), Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities. The amendments in this Update improve the accounting in applying the variable interest entity (VIE) guidance to private companies under common control and considering indirect interests held through related parties under common control for determining whether fees paid to decision makers and service providers are variable interests, thereby improving general purpose financial reporting. The amendments for the private company accounting alternative apply to all entities except for public business entities, not-for-profit entities and employee benefit plans within the scope of Topics 960, 962, and 965 on plan accounting. For entities other than private companies, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
NOTE 3 – REVISION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT
When preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2018 and for the three and six months ended September 30, 2018, management determined that certain amounts included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2018 and condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended September 30, 2017 required revision, due to closing of the acquisition of Freedom RU on June 29, 2017, the acquisition of Freedom CY on November 1, 2017 and the closing of the mergers of Nettrader LLC (“Nettrader”) in May 2018 and Asyl Invest JSC (“Asyl”) in April 2018, which were deemed to be entities under common control with the Company.
Certain reclassifications also have been made to the prior year’s consolidated financial statements to enhance comparability with the current year’s consolidated financial statements following the increase in intangible assets of the Company related to acquisition of the Tradernet trading platform. As a result, certain line items have been amended in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Comparative figures have been adjusted to conform to the current period’s presentation.
The previously issued Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2018, and Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) for the three and six months ended September 30, 2017 have been revised as follows:
17
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)

| As of March 31, 2018
BALANCE SHEETS (RECAST) | As previously reported | Recast | As recasted
ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $64,531 | $1,200 | $65,731
Restricted cash | 13,671 | 8,291 | 21,962
Trading securities | 212,319 | 276 | 212,595
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value | 2 | 238 | 240
Brokerage and other receivables, net | 21,109 | 3,776 | 24,885
Loans issued | 8,754 | - | 8,754
Deferred tax assets | 1,046 | (274) | 772
Fixed assets, net | 2,362 | 209 | 2,571
Intangible assets, net | - | 5,531 | 5,531
Goodwill | 1,798 | 1,490 | 3,288
Other assets, net | 4,494 | 79 | 4,573
TOTAL ASSETS | $330,086 | $20,816 | $350,902
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Securities sold, not yet purchased - at fair value | $1,135 | $- | $1,135
Loans received | 7,143 | - | 7,143
Debt securities issued | 10,840 | 382 | 11,222
Customer liabilities | 21,855 | 8,817 | 30,672
Trade payables | 8,998 | 15 | 9,013
Deferred distribution payments | 8,534 | - | 8,534
Securities repurchase agreement obligation | 154,775 | - | 154,775
Deferred income tax liabilities | 387 | (387) | -
Other liabilities | 1,319 | 57 | 1,376
TOTAL LIABILITIES | 214,986 | 8,884 | 223,870
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Preferred stock | - | - | -
Common stock | 58 | - | 58
Additional paid in capital | 87,049 | 13,131 | 100,180
Retained earnings | 35,387 | (1,036) | 34,351
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (7,394) | (163) | (7,557)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | 115,100 | 11,932 | 127,032
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $330,086 | $20,816 | $350,902

18
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)

| For the three months ended September 30, 2017
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (RECAST) | As previously reported | Recast | As recasted
Revenue: |  |  |
Fee and commission income | $1,548 | $467 | $2,015
Net gain on trading securities | 32,134 | 251 | 32,385
Interest income | 1,005 | 133 | 1,138
Net (loss) on derivatives | (670) | - | (670)
Net gain on foreign exchange operations | 934 | 22 | 956
TOTAL REVENUE, NET | 34,951 | 873 | 35,824
Expense: |  |  |
Interest expense | 3,022 | 161 | 3,183
Fee and commission expense | 437 | 66 | 503
Operating expense | 2,918 | 864 | 3,782
Other (income), net | (44) | (10) | (54)
TOTAL EXPENSE | 6,333 | 1,081 | 7,414
NET INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX | 28,618 | (208) | 28,410
Income tax expense | (1,018) | 20 | (998)
NET INCOME | $27,600 | $(188) | $27,412
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |  |  |
Change in unrealized gain on investments available-for-sale, net of tax effect | $- | $106 | $106
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax effect | (2,618) | 11,536 | 8,918
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | $24,982 | $11,454 | $36,436

19
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)

| For the six months ended September 30, 2017
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (RECAST) | As previously reported | Recast | As recasted
Revenue: |  |  |
Fee and commission income | $4,403 | $669 | $5,072
Net gain on trading securities | 39,143 | 373 | 39,516
Interest income | 3,589 | 196 | 3,785
Net (loss) on derivatives | (180) | - | (180)
Net gain on foreign exchange operations | 1,551 | 64 | 1,615
TOTAL REVENUE, NET | 48,506 | 1,302 | 49,808
Expense: |  |  |
Interest expense | 5,009 | 204 | 5,213
Fee and commission expense | 675 | 117 | 792
Operating expense | 5,829 | 1,617 | 7,446
Other expense/(income), net | 34 | (43) | (9)
TOTAL EXPENSE | 11,547 | 1,895 | 13,442
NET INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX | 36,959 | (593) | 36,366
Income tax expense | (987) | 22 | (965)
NET INCOME | $35,972 | $(571) | $35,401
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |  |  |
Change in unrealized gain on investments available-for-sale, net of tax effect | $- | $47 | $47
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax effect | (4,376) | 11,126 | 6,750
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | $31,596 | $10,602 | $42,198

NOTE 4 – CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

| September 30, 2018 | March 31, 2018 (Recast)
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements | $13,142 | $27,389
Current account with commercial banks | 8,674 | 9,032
Petty cash in bank vault and on hand | 7,944 | 2,712
Current accounts with brokers | 3,942 | 22,749
Current account with Central Bank (Russia) | 2,980 | 980
Accounts with stock exchange | 1,329 | 214
Current account with Central Depository (Kazakhstan) | 1,170 | 1,280
Current account with National Settlement Depository (Russia) | 550 | 1,244
Current account in clearing organizations | 79 | 131
Total cash and cash equivalents | $39,810 | $65,731

20
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
As of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, cash and cash equivalents were not insured. As of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the cash and cash equivalents balance included collateralized securities received under reverse repurchase agreements on the terms presented below:

| September 30, 2018
| Interest rates and remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
| Average Interest rate | Up to 30 days | 30-90 days | Total
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements |  |  |  |
Corporate equity | 13.54% | $4,463 | $1,582 | $6,045
Corporate debt | 10.19% | 5,284 | 1,400 | 6,684
Non-US sovereign debt | 8.00% | 413 | - | 413
Total |  | $10,160 | $2,982 | $13,142

| March 31, 2018 (Recast)
| Interest rates and remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
| Average Interest rate | Up to 30 days | 30-90 days | Total
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements |  |  |  |
Corporate equity | 14.99% | $11,095 | $15,572 | $26,667
Corporate debt | 14.96% | 521 | 201 | 722
Total |  | $11,616 | $15,773 | $27,389

The securities received by the Company as collateral under reverse repurchase agreements are liquid trading securities with market quotes and significant trading volume. The fair value of collateral received by the Company under reverse repurchase agreements as of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, is $15,556 and $28,311, respectively. For additional information please see Note 10 – Securities sold, not yet purchased – at fair value.
NOTE 5 – RESTRICTED CASH
As of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the Company’s restricted cash consisted of deferred distribution payments, cash segregated in a special custody account for the exclusive benefit of our brokerage customers and required reserves with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation which represents cash on hand balance requirements. The deferred distribution payment amount is the reserve held for distribution to shareholders who have not yet claimed their distributions from the 2011 sale of the Company’s oil and gas exploration and production operations of $8,534. This distribution is currently payable, subject to the entitled shareholders completing and submitting to the Company the necessary documentation to claim his, her or its distribution payments. The Company has no control over when, or if, any entitled shareholder will submit the necessary documentation to claim his, her, or its distribution payment.
21
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
Restricted cash consisted of:

| September 30, 2018 | March 31, 2018 (Recast)
Brokerage customers’ cash | $20,165 | $12,963
Deferred distribution payments | 8,534 | 8,534
Guaranty deposits | 576 | 350
Reserve with Central Bank of Russia | 285 | 115
Total restricted cash | $29,560 | $21,962

NOTE 6 – TRADING SECURITIES
As of September 30, 2018, and March 31, 2018, trading securities consisted of:

| September 30, 2018 | March 31, 2018 (Recast)
Equity securities | $109,552 | $177,339
Debt securities | 38,610 | 34,986
Mutual investment funds | 245 | 270
Total trading securities | $148,407 | $212,595

The following tables present trading securities assets in the condensed consolidated financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018:

|  | Fair Value Measurements at
|  | September 30, 2018 using
|  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets | Significant Other Observable Inputs | Significant unobservable units
| September 30, 2018 | (Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3)
Equity securities | $109,552 | $109,552 | $- | $-
Debt securities | 38,610 | 38,610 | - | -
Mutual investment funds | 245 | 245 | - | -
Total trading securities | $148,407 | $148,407 | $- | $-

22
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)

|  | Fair Value Measurements at
|  | March 31, 2018 (Recast) using
|  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets | Significant Other Observable Inputs | Significant unobservable units
| March 31, 2018 (Recast) | (Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3)
Equity securities | $177,339 | $177,339 | $- | $-
Debt securities | 34,986 | 34,986 | - | -
Mutual investment funds | 270 | 270 | - | -
Total trading securities | $212,595 | $212,595 | $- | $-

NOTE 7 – BROKERAGE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

| September 30, 2018 | March 31, 2018 (Recast)
Margin lending receivables | $37,051 | $17,276
Receivable from sale of securities | 35,904 | 6,061
Receivables from brokerage clients | 6,614 | 738
Receivable for underwriting market-making services | 590 | 79
Bank commissions receivable | 6 | 1,016
Bonds coupon receivable | - | 119
Other receivables | 498 | 20
Allowance for receivables | (461) | (424)
Total brokerage and other receivables, net | $80,202 | $24,885

As of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, using historical and statistical data, the Company recorded an allowance expense for brokerage receivables in the amount of $461 and $424, respectively.
NOTE 8 – LOANS ISSUED
Loans issued as of September 30, 2018, consisted of the following:

| Amount Outstanding | Due Dates | Average Interest Rate | Fair Value of Collateral | Loan Currency
Collateralized brokerage loans | $1,835 | Jan. 2019 – Feb. 2019 | 3.58% | $3,126 | USD
Uncollateralized brokerage loan | 396 | Dec. 2018 | 3.00% | - | KZT
Uncollateralized brokerage loan | 20 | Dec. 2018 | 7.00% | - | RUB
Bank customer loans | 548 | Nov. 2018 – Feb. 2028 | 12.98% | - | RUB
| $2,799 |  |  |  |

23
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
Loans issued as of March 31, 2018, consisted of the following:

| Amount Outstanding | Due Dates | Average Interest Rate | Fair Value of Collateral | Loan Currency
Collateralized brokerage loans | $5,371 | Jan. 2019 – Feb. 2019 | 3.00% | $6,992 | USD
Uncollateralized brokerage loan | 2,832 | Jan. 2019 – Mar. 2019 | 0.00% | - | KZT
Bank customer loans | 551 | Nov. 2018 – Feb. 2028 | 12.32% | - | RUB
| $8,754 |  |  |  |

NOTE 9 – DEFERRED TAX ASSETS
The Company is subject to taxation in the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Cyprus, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and the United States of America.
The tax rates used for deferred tax assets and liabilities for the six months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, is 25% and 37.3%, respectively for the US, 20% for the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan and 12.5% for Cyprus.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities of the Company are comprised of the following:

| September 30, 2018 | March 31, 2018 (Recast)
Deferred tax assets: |  |
Tax losses carryforward | $2,912 | $3,050
GILTI losses | 229 | -
Accrued liabilities | 38 | 49
Revaluation on trading securities | 115 | 88
Stock compensation expenses | 1,034 | 405
Valuation allowance | (3,412) | (2,433)
Deferred tax assets | 916 | 1,159
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |
Revaluation on trading securities | 73 | 387
Deferred tax liabilities |  |
| 73 | 387
Net deferred tax assets | $843 | $772

During the six months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the effective tax rate was equal to (11.16%) and 2.65%, respectively. The change in effective tax rate was primarily due to changes in the composition of Freedom KZ revenues we realized from our trading activity and the tax treatment of those revenues in Kazakhstan, and due to unrecognized tax loss carryforwards on FRHC in the amount of $228. During the six months ended September 30, 2017, the effective tax rate was primarily impacted due to non-taxable gains on trading securities in Freedom KZ in the amount of $35,096.
24
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
During the six-month period ended September 30, 2018, the Company realized net loss before income tax of $4,159, primarily from operating expenses of Freedom KZ, Freedom RU and FRHC that have unrecognized tax losses carryforward. These losses were offset by revenue from commission income of Freedom CY in the amount of $7,663, taxable in Cyprus at a tax rate of 12.5%. This resulted in the Company realizing an income tax expense during the six months ended September 30, 2018 of $464. During the six-month period ended September 30, 2017, the Company realized net income before income tax of $36,366, primarily from non-taxable revenues generated from Freedom KZ’s trading operations and from utilizing tax loss carryforwards of $628.
During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the effective tax rate was equal to 26.36% and 3.51%, respectively. The increase in effective tax rate was primarily due to changes in the composition of Freedom KZ revenues we realized from our trading activity and the tax treatment of those revenues in Kazakhstan, and due to unrecognized tax loss carryforwards on FRHC in the amount of $228. During the three months ended September 30, 2017 due to non-taxable gains on trading securities in Freedom KZ in the amount of $27,301.
During the three-month period ended September 30, 2018, the Company realized net gain before income tax of $2,329, primarily from earned revenue from commission income of Freedom CY in the amount of $5,984, taxable in Cyprus at a tax rate of 12.5%. These losses were offset by operating expenses of Freedom KZ, Freedom RU and FRHC that have unrecognized tax losses carryforward. This resulted in the Company realizing an income tax expense during the three months ended September 30, 2018 of $614. During the three months period ended September 30, 2017, the Company realized net income before income tax of $28,410, primarily from non-taxable revenues generated from Freedom KZ’s trading operations and from utilizing tax loss carryforwards of $291.
NOTE 10 – SECURITIES SOLD, NOT YET PURCHASED – AT FAIR VALUE
As of September 30, 2018, and March 31, 2018, the Company’s securities sold, not yet purchased – at fair value was $630 and $1,135, respectively.
During the three and six months ended September 30, 2018, the Company sold shares received as a pledge under reverse repurchase agreements and recognized financial liabilities at fair value in the amount of $734 and $7,730, respectively, and partially closed short positions in the amount of $1,824 and $7,040, respectively, by purchasing securities from third parties, reducing its financial liability. During the three and six months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized a loss on the change in fair value of financial liabilities at fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) in the amount of $7 and a gain of $949, respectively, with foreign exchange translation gains of $43 and $246, respectively.
A short sale involves the sale of a security that is not owned by the seller in the expectation of the seller purchasing the same security (or a security exchangeable) at a later date at a lower price. A short sale involves the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the security that would result in a theoretically unlimited loss.
25
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
NOTE 11 – DERIVATIVE LIABILITY
On December 28, 2016, Freedom RU entered into a derivative instrument agreement with a related party that included a call option feature for the purchase of shares held by Freedom RU. This call option was classified as a derivative liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and measured at each reporting period using the Black-Scholes Model. The gain associated with this derivative instrument is recognized as a gain on derivative instrument in the condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income. In exchange for a $2,629 premium paid upfront, this derivative instrument granted the holder the right to purchase 11.8 million shares of a top rated Russian commercial bank – Sberbank, on June14, 2017, at a strike price $3.10 per share.
The Company recorded a derivative liability of $495 as of March 31, 2017, as a result of the fair value of the call option. On June 14, 2017, the derivative instrument expired, unexercised by the option holder, and the Company recognized a gain on the derivative instrument of $490.
NOTE 12 – LOANS RECEIVED

Borrower |  | Lender | September 30, 2018 | March 31, 2018 (Recast) | Interest rate | Term |  | Maturity date
Freedom Holding Corp. |  | Non-Bank | $3,511 | $- | 3% | 3 month |  | 12/31/2018
Freedom Finance Cyprus Limited |  | Non-Bank | 93 | 99 | 1% | 1 year |  | 12/11/2018
JSC Freedom Finance |  | Bank | - | 7,044 | 7% | 1 year |  | 2/5/2019
Total |  |  | $3,604 | $7,143 |  |  |  |

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had received United States dollar denominated loans from JSC AsiaCredit Bank in the total amount of $7,031, under a credit line agreement with $9,000 in total available for withdrawal. During six months ended September 30, 2018, the Company fully repaid the loan from JSC AsiaCredit Bank. Non-bank loans received are unsecured. As of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, accrued interest on the loans totaled $33 and $16, respectively.
26
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
NOTE 13 – DEBT SECURITIES ISSUED

| September 30, 2018 | March 31, 2018 (Recast)
Debt securities issued denominated in USD | $14,854 | $7,006
Debt securities issued denominated in KZT | 8,263 | 4,025
Accrued interest | 438 | 191
Total | $23,555 | $11,222

As of September 30, 2018, and March 31, 2018, Freedom KZ had issued bonds under Kazakhstan law in the amount of $23,555 and $11,222 respectively. As of September 30, 2018, these bonds had fixed annual coupon rates ranging from 8% to 11.5% and maturity dates ranging from January 2019 to May 2021. As of March 31, 2018, debt securities issued included Asyl bonds in the amount of $3,015 with an 8% fixed annual coupon rate and a maturity date of August 2018. The Asyl bonds were fully redeemed in April 2018.
Debt securities issued are initially recognized at the fair value of the consideration received, less directly attributable transaction costs. Debt securities issued as of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018 included $438 and $191 accrued interest, respectively. The Freedom KZ bonds are actively traded on Kazakhstan Stock Exchange.
NOTE 14 – CUSTOMER LIABILITIES
The Company recognizes customer liabilities associated with funds held by our brokerage and bank customers. Customer liabilities consist of:

| September 30, 2018 | March 31, 2018 (Recast)
Banking customers | $39,072 | $9,305
Brokerage customers | 30,768 | 21,367
Total | $69,840 | $30,672

27
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
NOTE 15 – SECURITIES REPURCHASE AGREEMENT OBLIGATIONS
As of September 30, 2018, and March 31, 2018, trading securities included collateralized securities subject to repurchase agreements as described in the following table:

| September 30, 2018
| Interest rates and remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
| Average interest rate | Up to 30 days | 30-90 days | Over 90 days | Total
Securities sold under repurchase agreements |  |  |  |  |
Corporate equity | 12.22% | $64,877 | $2,956 | $- | $67,833
Corporate debt | 10.66% | 4,513 | - | - | 4,513
Non-US sovereign debt | 8.68% | 5,232 | - | - | 5,232
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements |  | $74,622 | $2,956 | $- | $77,578

| March 31, 2018 (Recast)
| Interest rate and remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
| Average interest rate | Overnight and continuous | Up to 30 days | 30-90 days | Total
Securities sold under repurchase agreements |  |  |  |  |
Corporate equity | 12.04% | $109,821 | $8,961 | $7,148 | $125,930
Corporate debt | 10.64% | 24,257 | 2,023 | - | 26,280
Non-US sovereign debt | 8.54% | 2,565 | - | - | 2,565
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements |  | $136,643 | $10,984 | $7,148 | $154,775

The fair value of collateral pledged under repurchase agreements as of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, was $109,407 and $203,140, respectively.
Securities pledged as collateral by the Company under repurchase agreements are liquid trading securities with market quotes and significant trading volume.
NOTE 16 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
On December 28, 2016, Freedom RU entered into a derivative instrument agreement with a related party which included a call option feature. The gain or loss associated with this agreement is recognized as gain on a derivative instrument in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss). The Company recorded a derivative liability of $495 as of March 31, 2017. On June 14, 2017, the derivative instrument expired unexercised by the holder, and the Company recognized a gain on the derivative instrument of $490 for the six months ended September 30, 2017.
28
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company earned commission income from related parties in the amounts of $11,183 and $1,049, respectively. During the six months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company earned commission income from related parties in the amounts of $15,622 and $1,711, respectively. Commission income earned from related parties is comprised primarily of brokerage commissions and agency fees for referrals of new brokerage clients to other brokers and commissions for money transfers by brokerage clients.
As of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the Company had bank commission receivables and receivable from brokerage clients from related parties totaling $5,553 and $1,055, respectively. Brokerage and other receivables from related parties result principally from commissions receivable on the brokerage operations of related parties.
As of September 30, 2018 and March 31, 2018, the Company had brokerage accounts with related parties totaling $2,700 and $17,795, respectively.
As of September 30, 2018, and March 31, 2018, the Company had loans issued to related parties totaling $66 and $1,748, respectively.
As of September 30, 2018, and March 31, 2018, the Company had margin lending receivables with related parties totaling $18,524 and $8,748, respectively.
As of September 30, 2018, and March 31, 2018, the Company had advances received for the sale of fixed assets from a related party totaling $0 and $288, respectively.
As of September 30, 2018, and March 31, 2018, the Company had margin lending payables due to related parties, totaling $0 and $81, respectively.
As of September 30, 2018, and March 31, 2018, the Company had loans received from a related party totaling $998 and $99, respectively.
As of September 30, 2018, and March 31, 2018, the Company had securities sold, but not yet purchased from a related party totaling $293 and $0, respectively.
As of September 30, 2018, and March 31, 2018, the Company had accounts payable from a related party totaling $946 and $0, respectively.
As of September 30, 2018, and March 31, 2018, the Company had customer liabilities on brokerage accounts and bank accounts of related parties totaling $20,165 and $3,402, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, and March 31, 2018, the Company had restricted customer cash on brokerage accounts of related parties totaling $7,867 and $2,004, respectively.
NOTE 17 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
During the six months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, Mr. Turlov made capital contributions of $225 and $8,464 to FRHC, respectively. At the time such contributions were made, Mr. Turlov was the Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the board, and majority shareholder of the Company.
29
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
On October 6, 2017, the Company awarded restricted stock grants totaling 3,900,000 shares of its common stock to 16 employees and awarded nonqualified stock options to purchase an aggregate of 360,000 shares of its common stock to two employees. Of the 3,900,000 shares awarded pursuant to the restricted stock grant awards, 1,200,000 shares are subject to two-year vesting conditions and 2,700,000 shares are subject to three-year vesting conditions. All of the nonqualified stock options are subject to three-year vesting conditions. The Company recorded stock based compensation expense for restricted stock grants and stock options in the amount of $847 and $1,686 during the three and six months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
NOTE 18 – STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
As disclosed in Note 17, on October 6, 2017, the Company issued restricted stock awards totaling 3,900,000 shares of its common stock to 16 employees and awarded nonqualified stock options to purchase an aggregate of 360,000 shares of its common stock at a strike price $1.98 per share to two employees. Shares of restricted stock have the same dividend and voting rights as common stock while options do not. All awards were issued at the fair value of the underlying shares at the grant date.
During the year ended March 31, 2018, stock options covering a total of 360,000 shares of common stock were granted. No options were granted during the three and six month periods ended September 30, 2018. Total compensation expense related to options granted was $54 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and $0 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Total compensation expense related to options granted for the six months periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was $108 and $0, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, there was total remaining compensation expense of $435 related to stock options, which will be recorded over a weighted average period of approximately 2.02 years. No options were exercisable or exercised during the three and six month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
The Company has determined fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option valuation model based on the following key assumptions:

Vesting period (years) | 3
Volatility | 165.33%
Risk-free rate | 1.66%

During the year ended March 31, 2018, a total of 3,900,000 shares of common stock were awarded. During the three and six months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, no shares of common stock were awarded. The compensation expense related to restricted stock grants was $793 during the three months ended September 30, 2018, and $0 during the three ended September 30, 2017.Total compensation expense related to restricted stock grants was $1,578 and $0 during the six months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, there was $5,091 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested shares of common stock granted. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.71 years.
30
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
Stock-based compensation expense for the cost of the awards granted is based on the grant-date fair value. For stock option awards, the fair value is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, changes to which can materially affect the fair value estimate. Additionally, there may be other factors that would otherwise have a significant effect on the value of employee stock options granted but are not considered by the model. Accordingly, while management believes that the Black-Scholes option-pricing model provides a reasonable estimate of fair value, the model does not necessarily provide the best single measure of fair value for the Company's employee stock options.
The following is a summary of stock option activity for the six months ended September 30, 2018:

| Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (In Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, March 31, 2018 | 360,000 | $1.98 | 9.52 | $1,753
Granted | - | - | - | -
Exercised | - | - | - | -
Forfeited/cancelled/expired | - | - | - | -
Outstanding, at September 30, 2018 | 360,000 | $1.98 | 9.02 | $2,329
Exercisable at September 30, 2018 | - | $- | - | $-

The table below summarizes the activity for the Company's restricted stock outstanding during the six months ended September 30, 2018:

| Shares | Weighted Average Fair Value
Outstanding, March 31, 2018 | 3,900,000 | $8,190
Granted | - | -
Vested | - | -
Forfeited/cancelled/expired | - | -
Outstanding, at September 30, 2018 | 3,900,000 | $8,190

31
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
NOTE 19 – ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSAL OF SUBSIDIARY
Acquisition of Asyl
On April 12, 2018, we completed the acquisition and merger of Asyl into the Company. This acquisition joined the two largest retail brokerage firms in Kazakhstan and increased our client accounts in Kazakhstan by 16,000 accounts. Asyl was formerly controlled by Mr. Turlov since April 28, 2017. The Company agreed to acquire Asyl from Mr. Turlov. We acquired Asyl for approximately $2.2 million, which was equal to the fair value of the net assets acquired by the Company.
When preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended September 30, 2018, management determined that certain amounts included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2018 and for the three and six months ended September 30, 2017, required revision, due to closing of the completion of merger of Asyl in April 2018, which was deemed to be an entity under common control with the Company since April 28, 2017.
Acquisition of Nettrader
On May 28, 2018, we completed the acquisition and merger of Nettrader. This resulted in the acquisition of approximately 16,000 new Russian client accounts. This acquisition also finalized our acquisition of the Tradernet trading platform, a browser-based application and in some countries a supporting mobile app to facilitate our customers’ trading activities and ability to monitor and manage all aspects of their personal accounts and participate in our client social network. Nettrader was formerly owned by Mr. Turlov since May 18, 2017. We acquired Nettrader for approximately $3.8 million, which was equal to the fair value of the net assets acquired by the Company.
When preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended September 30, 2018, management determined that certain amounts included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2018 and for the three and six months ended September 30, 2017, required revision, due to closing of the completion of merger of Nettrader in May 2018, which was deemed to be an entity under common control with the Company since May 18, 2017.
Disposal of First Stock Store
During the three months ended September 30, 2018 the Company fully disposed of its subsidiary LLC First Stock Store. LLC First Stock Store provided online securities marketplace in Russia through a project called Freedom24. LLC First Stock Store was disposed of for $7, with net assets as of the date of disposal of $22. The difference was recognized as loss on disposal of subsidiary in the amount of $15. Prior to the disposal, Freedom24 and its employees were transferred to Freedom RU.
32
FREEDOM HOLDING CORP.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(All amounts in thousands of United States dollars, unless otherwise stated)
NOTE 20 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
The table below shows approximate lease commitments and other contingent liabilities of the Company as of September 30, 2018:

| Payments Due By Period
| Total | Less than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | More than 5 years
Operating Leases: |  |  |  |  |
Office Leases(1) | $8,524 | $4,639 | $3,885 | $- | $-
Total Operating Leases | $8,524 | $4,639 | $3,885 | $- | $-

(1)
The Company has number of lease agreements for office spaces in different locations. In general, all agreements are made for a one-year period with extension or termination provisions, except three lease agreements with longer lease terms.
The Company’s rent expense for office space was $1,198 and $441 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company’s rent expense for office space was $2,218 and $818 for the six months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
NOTE 21 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluated all material events and transactions that occurred after September 30, 2018 through November 13, 2018. During this period the Company did not have any additional material recognizable subsequent events.
33
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion is intended to assist you in understanding our results of operations and our present financial condition. Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain additional information that should be referred to when reviewing this material and this document should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes contained elsewhere in this report and in our other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) including our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission on June 29, 2018.
Special Note About Forward-Looking Information
Certain information included herein contains statements that may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) such as statements relating to our anticipated revenues and operating results, estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements, future performance, plans for future expansion, analyses, prospects, strategies, capital spending, sources of liquidity, and financing sources. Forward-looking information involves important risks and uncertainties that could significantly affect anticipated results in the future, and accordingly, such results may differ from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made herein. These forward-looking statements can sometimes be recognized by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” and similar expressions. Such statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including the meaningful and important risks and uncertainties discussed in this report. These forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to management. These statements include, among other things:
●
the ability of our current management to effectively execute our business strategy;
●
our capability to compete with financial services companies that have greater experience, financial resources and competitive advantages in the markets where we operate;
●
our CEO and Chairman owns the controlling interest in our common stock and therefore has the ability to direct our business with his reasonable business judgment without approval of other shareholders;
●
our capacity to comply with the extensive, pervasive and ever evolving regulatory and oversight requirements in the various jurisdictions where our subsidiaries operate, the failure of which could prevent us from conducting our business in such jurisdictions;
●
volatility in the domestic and international capital markets, currency fluctuations and general economic conditions;
●
our ability to attract and retain key management and other properly licensed and experienced personnel to satisfy applicable regulatory standards and operate our business profitably; and
34
●
our ability to properly manage the market, leverage and customer risks that arise from our proprietary trading.
Although we have attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, there may be other factors that cause the forward-looking statements not to be accurate as described in this report. These forward-looking statements are only predictions. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially.
You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. While we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes any responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of these statements or undertakes any obligation to revise these forward-looking statements to reflect events and circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
This discussion summarizes the significant factors affecting our consolidated operating results, financial condition, liquidity and capital resources during the fiscal periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Overview
We own several operating subsidiaries that conduct full-service retail securities brokerage, investment counseling, securities trading, investment banking and underwriting services in Central Asia. We are headquartered in Almaty, Kazakhstan, with supporting administrative offices in Russia, Cyprus and the United States.
Our companies are members of the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE), the Astana International Exchange (AIX), the Moscow Stock Exchange (MOEX), the Saint-Petersburg Stock Exchange (SPB), the Ukrainian Exchange, and the Republican Stock Exchange of Tashkent (UZSE). We operate a brokerage office in Cyprus that serves to provide our clients with operations support and access to the investment opportunities, relative stability, and integrity of the U.S. and European securities markets, which under the regulatory regimes of many jurisdictions where we operate do not currently allow investors direct access to international securities markets.
Our initial line of business has been directed toward providing a comprehensive array of financial services to our target retail audience which is high-net-worth individuals and small businesses seeking to diversify their investment portfolios to manage economic risk associated with political, regulatory, currency, banking, and national uncertainties. Clients are provided online tools and retail locations to establish accounts and conduct securities trading on transaction-based pricing. We market to our customer demographic through a number of channels, including telemarketing, training seminars and investment conferences, print and online advertising using social media, our mobile app and search engine optimization activities.
35
Executive Summary
Customer Base
We serviced more than 100,000 client accounts, more than 35% of which carried positive cash or asset account balances during the six months ended September 30, 2018. Our total client transaction volume for the six months ended September 30, 2018 exceeded $18 billion.
We continue our efforts to expand our market reach, increase our client base and provide our clientele the convenience of a state-of-the-art proprietary electronic trading platform. We currently have 49 retail brokerage and financial services offices located across Kazakhstan (16), Kyrgyzstan (1), Russia (30), Uzbekistan (1) and Ukraine (1) that provide a full array of financial services, investment consulting and education.
OTCQX
On July 18, 2018, our common stock began trading on the OTCQX® Best Market, a premium market operated by OTC Markets, Inc. Previously, our common stock was trading on the OTC Pink® Open Market. We believe trading on the OTCQX will help to expand our exposure and increase investor access and presents an opportunity at this stage in our growth to communicate with our shareholders and with securities market professionals in the U.S. and abroad.
Financing Activities
During six months ended September 30, 2018, we placed United States dollar and Kazakhstani tenge denominated bonds of Freedom KZ in Kazakhstan in the amount of approximately $14.3 million. These bonds have fixed annual coupon rates of 8.00% or 11.5% and maturity dates ranging from January 2019 to May 2021.
Financial Results
During the three and six month periods ended September 30, 2018, we realized net income of approximately $1.7 million and basic and diluted earnings per share of $0.03, and a net loss of approximately $4.6 million and basic and diluted loss per share of approximately $0.08, respectively. As a result of the weakening of our functional currencies against our report currency, and the resulting foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax, we realized a comprehensive losses of approximately $3.8 million and $16.8 million, respectively during the three and six months ended September 30, 2018.
All dollar amounts reflected under the headings “Results of Operations,” “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” and “Cash Flows” in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are presented in thousands of U.S. dollars unless the context indicates otherwise.
36
Results of Operations
Three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2017
The following quarter-to-quarter comparison of our financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results.

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 (Recast)
| Amount | %* | Amount | %*
Revenues: |  |  |  |
Fee and commission income | $12,786 | 74% | $2,015 | 6%
Net gain on trading securities | 4,317 | 25% | 32,385 | 90%
Interest income | 1,474 | 8% | 1,138 | 3%
Net loss on derivatives | - | 0% | (670) | (2%)
Net gain/(loss) on foreign exchange operations | (1,138) | (7%) | 956 | 3%
Total revenue, net | 17,439 | 100% | 35,824 | 100%
Expenses: |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 3,678 | 21% | 3,183 | 9%
Fee and commission expense | 968 | 6% | 503 | 1%
Operating expense | 10,044 | 58% | 3,782 | 11%
Other expense/(income), net | 405 | 3% | (54) | 0%
Net loss from disposal of subsidiary | 15 | 0% | - | 0%
Total expense | 15,110 | 88% | 7,414 | 21%
Net income before income taxes | 2,329 | 13% | 28,410 | 79%
Income tax expense | (614) | (4%) | (998) | (3%)
Net income | $1,715 | $9% | $27,412 | $76%
Other comprehensive income/(loss) |  |  |  |
Changes in unrealized gain on investments available-for-sale | $- | 0% | $106 | 0%
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax | (5,523) | (32%) | 8,918 | 25%
Comprehensive income/(loss) | $(3,808) | (21%) | $36,436 | 101%

* Reflects percentage of total revenues, net.
Revenue
We derive revenue primarily from gains realized from fee and commission income earned from our retail brokerage clients, fees and commission from investment banking services, our proprietary trading activities, and interest income.
37

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | Three Months Ended September 30 2017 (Recast) | Change
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | %
Fee and commission income | $12,786 | 74% | $2,015 | 6% | $10,771 | 535%
Net gain on trading securities | 4,317 | 25% | 32,385 | 90% | (28,068) | (87%)
Interest income | 1,474 | 8% | 1,138 | 3% | 336 | 30%
Net loss on derivatives | - | 0% | (670) | (2%) | 670 | (100%)
Net gain/ (loss) on foreign exchange operations | (1,138) | (7%) | 956 | 3% | (2,094) | (219%)
Total revenue, net | $17,439 | 100% | $35,824 | 100% | $(18,385) | (51%)

During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we realized total net revenue of $17,439 and $35,824, respectively. Revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2018, was significantly lower than the three months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to realizing less gains on trading securities and realizing losses on foreign exchange operations during the period ended September 30, 2018, compared to net gains during the period ended September 30, 2017. The losses were only partially offset by significant increases in fee and commission income and interest income during the three months ended September 30, 2018.
Fee and commission income. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, fees and commissions generated from brokerage and related banking services totaled $11,306 and $1,480, respectively. This $10,771 increase in fees and commissions resulted primarily from the growth of our customer base, increased client transaction volume, and greater demand for the other services we offer. Fees and commissions for brokerage services consisted principally of broker fees from customer trading, underwriting and market making services and agency fees. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, brokerage fees and commissions increased $9,703 as a result of increased client transaction volume. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, fees for bank services consist primarily of wire transfer fees, commissions for payment processing and commissions for currency exchange operations. The $949 increase in fees and commission from banking services during the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same period 2017 is attributable to the fact that we continue to grow our brokerage-related banking operations and opening new locations.
Net gain on trading securities. Net gain on trading securities reflects the gains and losses from trading activities in our proprietary trading accounts. Net gains or losses are comprised of realized and unrealized gains and losses. Gains or losses are realized when we close a position in a security and realize a gain or a loss on that position. U.S. GAAP requires that we reflect in our financial statements unrealized gains and losses on all our securities trading positions that remain open as of the end of each period. Fluctuations in unrealized gains or losses from one period to another may result from factors within our control, such as when we elect to close an open securities position, which would have the effect of reducing our open positions and, thereby potentially reducing the amount of unrealized gains or losses in a period. Fluctuations in unrealized gains and losses from period to period may occur as a result of factors beyond our control, such as fluctuations in the market prices of the open securities positions we hold. Unrealized gains or losses in a particular period may or may not be indicative of the gain or loss we will realize on a securities position when the position is closed.
38
During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized a net gain on trading securities of $4,317, which included $12,634 of realized net gain and $8,317 of unrealized net loss compared to a net gain of $32,385 on trading securities for three months ended September 30, 2017, which included $5,151 of realized net gain and $27,234 of unrealized net gain.
The primary contributing factor to our net gain on trading securities during the three months ended September 30, 2018, was an increase in the share price of JSC Kcell - Kazakhstan’s largest cellular service provider, resulting in an unrealized net gain in amount of $3,335 and realized net gain in the amount of $6,590, which included $1,288 of realized net gain for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and $5,302 of realized net gain recognized in previous periods. During the three months ended September 30, 2018 we recognized a net gain on trading securities of JSC Kazakhtelecom in the amount of $5,828, which included $126 of realized net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and $5,954 of realized net gain recognized in previous periods. Our net gain on trading securities was partially offset by unrealized loss on the revaluation of securities due to a decrease in share price of JSC Kazakhtelecom – Kazakhstan’s largest telecommunications company in the amount of $788.
Interest income. During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded interest income from several sources including, interest income on trading securities and interest income on cash and cash equivalents held in financial institutions, reverse repurchase transactions and amounts due from banks. Interest income on trading securities consisted of interest earned from investments in debt securities and dividends earned on equity securities held in our proprietary trading accounts. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we realized interest income of $1,474 compared to $1,138 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in interest income of $336 was primarily due to an increase in interest income on trading securities in the amount of $332.
Net gain on derivative. On December 28, 2016, Freedom RU entered into a derivative instrument agreement that included a call option feature for the purchase of shares held by Freedom RU. This call option was classified as a derivative liability in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and measured at each reporting period using the Black-Scholes Model. The gain associated with this derivative instrument is recognized as gain on a derivative instrument in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income. In exchange for a $2,629 premium paid upfront, this derivative instrument granted the holder the right to purchase 11.8 million shares of a top rated Russian commercial bank - Sberbank on June 14, 2017, at a strike price $3.10 per share.
In connection with the transaction described in the preceding paragraph, we recorded a derivative liability of $495 as of March 31, 2017. On June 14, 2017, the derivative instrument expired unexercised by the option holder, and we recognized a gain on the derivative instrument of $490. We engaged in no similar transactions during the three months ended September 30, 2018.
Net gain/(loss) on foreign exchange operations. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we realized a net loss on foreign exchange operations of $1,138 compared to a $956 net gain on foreign exchange operations during the three months ended September 30, 2017. This change from a net gain to a net loss was due to the fact that during the period from June 30, 2018 to September 30, 2018, the value of the Kazakhstani tenge decreased approximately 6% against the United States dollar. In addition, there were two main factors that contributed to this net loss on foreign exchange operations. The first was revaluation of corporate bonds issued by Freedom KZ indexed to the United States dollar which contributed $800 to net loss. The second factor was a $603 loss realized from revaluation of the United States dollar denominated loans from JSC AsiaCreditBank received by Freedom KZ.
39
Expense

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 (Recast) | Change
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | %
Interest expense | $3,678 | 24% | $3,183 | 43% | $495 | 16%
Fee and commission expense | 968 | 6% | 503 | 7% | 465 | 92%
Operating expense | 10,044 | 66% | 3,782 | 51% | 6,262 | 166%
Other expense/(income) net | 405 | 3% | (54) | (1%) | 459 | (850%)
Loss from disposal of subsidiary | 15 | 1% | - | - | 15 | 0%
Total expense | $15,110 | 100% | $7,414 | 100% | $7,696 | 104%

During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we incurred total expenses of $15,110 and $7,414, respectively. Expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2018, increased as a result of our continued efforts to expand and grow our business.
Interest expense. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized total interest expense of $3,678, compared to $3,183 during the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in interest expense was primarily attributable to higher volumes of short-term financing attracted by means of securities repurchase agreements totaling $180 and a $261 increase in interest expenses for customer deposits received.
Fee and commission expense. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized fee and commission expense of $968 compared to fee and commission expense of $503 during the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was associated with higher commission fees paid to the Central Depository, stock exchanges and brokerage fees to other brokers of $501 and for bank services in the amount of $254. The increases in fee and commission expense is primarily associated with expanded brokerage operations in Cyprus.
Operating expense. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, operating expense totaled $10,044 compared to operating expenses of $3,782 for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to higher general and administrative expenses related to growth in our operations, including a $2,166 increase in payroll expenses, a $1,107 increase in advertising expenses, a $847 increase in equity compensation expense for equity awards made to employees, a $757 increase in rent expense, a $427 increase in office repair expenses and a $94 increase in expenses for communication services, trainings and conferences, business trip expenses, charity.
Income tax benefit
We recognized net income before income tax of $2,329 during the three months ended September 30, 2018, and net income before income tax of $28,410 during the three months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, we realized an income tax expense of $614 compared to an income tax expense of $998 during the three months ended September 30, 2017. The change of the effective tax rates from 4% during the three months ended September 30, 2017 to 26% during the three months ended September 30, 2018, was the result of changes in the composition of the revenues we realized from our operating activities and the tax treatment of those revenues in the various foreign jurisdictions where our subsidiaries operate.
40
Comprehensive income
The functional currencies of our operating subsidiaries are the Russian ruble, European euro, Ukrainian hryvnia, Uzbekistani sum and the Kazakhstani tenge. Our reporting currency is the United States dollar. Pursuant to US GAAP we are required to revalue our assets from our functional currencies to our reporting currency for financial reporting purposes. As a result of depreciation of the Russian ruble by 5% and the Kazakhstani tenge by 6% against the United States dollar we realized a foreign currency translation loss of $5,523 during the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $8,918 during the three months ended September 30, 2017. The foregoing, coupled with the significant increase in our foreign currency translation loss during the three months ended September 30, 2018, resulted in a comprehensive loss of $3,808, compared to comprehensive income of $36,436 during the three months ended September 30, 2017.
Results of Operations
Six months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the six months ended September 30, 2017
The following period-to-period comparison of our financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results.

| Six months Ended September 30, 2018 | Six months Ended September 30, 2017 (Recast)
| Amount | %* | Amount | % *
Revenues: |  |  |  |
Fee and commission income | $18,759 | 74% | $5,072 | 10%
Net gain on trading securities | 1,028 | 4% | 39,516 | 79%
Interest income | 8,847 | 35% | 3,785 | 8%
Net loss on derivatives | - | 0% | (180) | 0%
Net gain/(loss) on foreign exchange operations | (3,248) | (13%) | 1,615 | 3%
Total revenues, net | 25,386 | 100% | 49,808 | 100%
Expenses: |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 8,291 | 33% | 5,213 | 10%
Fee and commission expense | 1,733 | 7% | 792 | 2%
Operating expense | 19,155 | 75% | 7,446 | 15%
Other expense/(income), net | 351 | 1% | (9) | 0%
Loss on disposal of subsidiary | 15 | 0% | - | 0%
Total expense | 29,545 | 116% | 13,442 | 27%
Net income/(loss) before income taxes | (4,159) | (16%) | 36,366 | 73%
Income tax expense | (464) | (2%) | (965) | (2%)
Net income/(loss) | $(4,623) | $(18%) | $35,401 | $71%
Other comprehensive income/(loss) |  |  |  |
Changes in unrealized gain on investments available-for-sale | $- | 0% | $47 | 0%
Reclassification adjustment relating to available-for-sale investments disposed of in the period, net of tax effect | 22 | 0% | - | 0%
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax effect | (12,240) | (48%) | 6,750 | 14%
Comprehensive income/(loss) | $(16,841) | (66%) | $42,198 | 85%

* Reflects percentage of total revenues, net.
41
Revenue
As noted above, we derive revenue primarily from gains realized from our proprietary trading activities, fee and commission income earned from our retail brokerage clients, fees and commission from investment banking services, and interest income.

| Six months Ended September 30, 2018 | Six months Ended September 30 2017 (Recast) | Change
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | %
Fee and commission income | $18,759 | 74% | $5,072 | 10% | $13,687 | 270%
Net gain on trading securities | 1,028 | 4% | 39,516 | 79% | (38,488) | (97%)
Interest income | 8,847 | 35% | 3,785 | 8% | 5,062 | 134%
Net loss on derivatives | - | 0% | (180) | 0% | 180 | (100%)
Net gain/(loss) on foreign exchange operations | (3,248) | (13%) | 1,615 | 3% | (4,863) | (301%)
Total revenue, net | $25,386 | 100% | $49,808 | 100% | $(24,422) | (49%)

During the six months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we realized total net revenue of $25,386 and $49,808, respectively. Revenue during the six months ended September 30, 2018, was significantly lower than the six months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to realizing smaller gains on trading securities and losses on foreign exchange operations during the period ended September 30, 2018, compared to net gains during the period ended September 30, 2017. These reductions were only partially offset by significant increases in fee and commission income and interest income during the six months ended September 30, 2018.
Fee and commission income. During the six months ended September 30, 2018, fees and commissions generated from brokerage and related banking services amounted to $15,609 and $3,150, respectively, an increase of $13,867. These increases in fees and commissions resulted primarily from the growth of our customer base, increased client transaction volume, and greater demand for the other services we offer. Fees and commissions for brokerage services consisted principally of broker fees from customer trading, underwriting and market making services and agency fees. During the six months ended September 30, 2018, brokerage fees and commissions increased $12,145 as a result of increased client transaction volume. During the six months ended September 30, 2017, we engaged in significantly more underwriting and market making activities than during the six months ended September 30, 2018, as a result fees and commissions realized from underwriting and market making services decreased by $500. Fees for bank services consist primarily of wire transfer fees, commissions for payment processing and commissions for currency exchange operations. The $2,131 increase in fees and commission from banking services during the six months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same period 2017 is attributable to the fact that we continue to grow our brokerage-related banking operations and opening new locations.
Net gain on trading securities. During the six months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized a net gain on trading securities of $1,028, which included $17,045 of realized net gain and $16,017 of unrealized net losses compared to a net gain of $39,516 on trading securities for six months ended September 30, 2017, which included $10,592 of realized net gain and $28,924 of unrealized net gain.
42
The primary contributing factor to our net gain on trading securities during the six months ended September 30, 2018, was an increase in the share price of JSC Kazakhtelecom – Kazakhstan’s largest telecommunications company, resulting in an unrealized gain of $562 and a realized net gain of $6,046, which included $1,996 of realized net gain for the six months ended September 30, 2018 and $4,050 of realized net gain generated in previous periods. During the six months ended September 30, 2018 we recognized a net gain on trading securities of JSC Kcell in the amount of $8,625, which included $1,291 of realized net gain for the six months ended September 30, 2018 and $7,333 of realized net gain generated in previous periods. Our net gain on trading securities was partially offset by unrealized loss on the revaluation of securities due to a decrease in share price of JSC Kell – Kazakhstan’s largest telecommunications company in the amount of $2,825.
Interest income. During the six months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded interest income from several sources including, interest income on trading securities and interest income on cash and cash equivalents held in financial institutions, reverse repurchase transactions and amounts due from banks. Interest income on trading securities consisted of interest earned from investments in debt securities and dividends earned on equity securities held in our proprietary trading accounts. During the six months ended September 30, 2018, we realized interest income of $8,847 compared to $3,785 for the six months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in interest income of $5,062 was primarily due to an increase in interest income on trading securities in the amount of $4,919.
Net gain on derivative. As described above, on December 28, 2016, Freedom RU entered into a derivative instrument agreement that included a call option feature for the purchase of shares held by Freedom RU which resulted in us recording a derivative liability of $495 as of March 31, 2017. On June 14, 2017, the derivative instrument expired unexercised by the option holder, and we recognized a gain on the derivative instrument of $490. We engaged in no similar transactions during the six months ended September 30, 2018.
Net gain/(loss) on foreign exchange operations. During the six months ended September 30, 2018, we realized net loss on foreign exchange operations of $3,248 compared to a $1,615 net gain on foreign exchange operations during the six months ended September 30, 2017. This change from a net gain to a net loss was due to the fact, that during the period from March 31, 2018 to September 30, 2018, the value of the Kazakhstani tenge decreased approximately 14% against the United States dollar. In accordance with US GAAP, we are required to revalue assets denominated in foreign currencies into our reporting currency, which is the United States dollar. As a result of increasing the Kazakhstani tenge denominated financial assets we held during the six months ended September 30, 2018, coupled with the aforementioned reduction in value of the Kazakhstani tenge against the United States dollar, we realized an $815 loss on foreign exchange revaluations, a $1,499 loss on the on revaluation of corporate bonds issued by Freedom KZ indexed to the United States dollar, and a $1,206 loss on the revaluation of United States dollar denominated loans from JSC AsiaCredit Bank received by Freedom KZ. These losses were only partially offset by a $272 gain on foreign exchange operations as the result of revaluation of United States dollar denominated securities held by Freedom KZ during the six months ended September 30, 2018.
43
Expense

| Six Months Ended September 30, 2018 | Six Months Ended September 30, 2017 (Recast) | Change
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | %
Interest expense | $8,291 | 28% | $5,213 | 39% | $3,078 | 59%
Fee and commission expense | 1,733 | 6% | 792 | 6% | 941 | 119%
Operating expense | 19,155 | 64% | 7,446 | 55% | 11,709 | 157%
Other expense/(income) net | 351 | 1% | (9) | 0% | 360 | (4,000%)
Loss on disposal of subsidiary | 15 | 1% | - | 0% | 15 | 0%
Total expense | $29,545 | 100% | $13,442 | 100% | $16,103 | 120%

During the six months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we incurred total expenses of $29,545 and $13,442, respectively. Expenses during the six months ended September 30, 2018, increased as a result of our continued efforts to expand and grow our business.
Interest expense. During the six months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized total interest expense of $8,291, compared to total interest expense of $5,213 during the six months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in interest expense was primarily attributable to higher volumes of short-term financing attracted by means of securities repurchase agreements totaling $2,665.
Operating expense. During the six months ended September 30, 2018, operating expense totaled $19,155 compared to operating expenses of $7,446 for the six months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to higher general and administrative expenses related to growth in our operations, including a $5,258 increase in payroll expenses, a $1,822 increase in rent expense, a $1,685 increase in equity compensation expense for equity awards made to employees, a $1,650 increase in advertising expenses, a $982 increase in office repair expenses, a $545 increase in professional services fees, a $486 increase in depreciation and amortization expenses, a $280 increase in office equipment expenses, a $232 increase in utilities and a $877 increase in expenses for communication services, trainings and conferences, business trip expenses, charity, IT services fees, insurance fees and expenses for taxes, other than income tax.
Fee and commission expense. During the six months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized fee and commission expense of $1,733, compared to fee and commission expense of $792 during the six months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was associated with higher commission fees paid to the Central Depository, stock exchanges and brokerage fees to other brokers of $907 and for bank services in amount of $497. The increases in fee and commission expense was primarily associated with expanded brokerage operations in Cyprus.
Income tax expense
We recognized a net loss before income tax of $4,159 during the six months ended September 30, 2018, and net income before income tax of $36,366 during the six months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. During the six months ended September 30, 2018, we realized an income tax expense of $464, compared to an income tax expense of $965 during the six months ended September 30, 2017. The change of the effective tax rates from 3% during the six months ended September 30, 2017 to (11%) during the six months ended September 30, 2018, was the result of changes in the composition of the revenues we realized from our operating activity and the tax treatment of those revenues in the various foreign jurisdictions where our subsidiaries operate.
44
Comprehensive income
The functional currencies of our operating subsidiaries are the Russian ruble, European euro, Ukrainian hryvnia, Uzbekistani som and the Kazakhstani tenge. Our reporting currency is the United States dollar. Pursuant to US GAAP we are required to revalue our assets from our functional currencies to our reporting currency for financial reporting purposes. As a result of depreciation of the Russian ruble by 15% and the Kazakhstani tenge by 14% against the United States dollar during the periods covered in this report, we realized a foreign currency translation loss of $12,240 during the six months ended September 30, 2018, compared to a foreign currency translation gain of $6,750 during the six months ended September 30, 2017. As a result of the factors discussed above, coupled with the significant increase in our foreign currency translation loss, during the six months ended September 30, 2018, we realized a comprehensive loss of $16,841, compared to a comprehensive income of $42,198 during the six months ended September 30, 2017.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is a measurement of our ability to meet our potential cash requirements for general business purposes. Our operations are funded through a combination of existing cash on hand, cash generated from operations, proceeds from the issuance of common stock, proceeds from the sale of bonds of one of our subsidiaries, our credit facility other borrowings and capital contributions from our controlling shareholder. Regulatory requirements applicable to our subsidiaries require them to maintain minimum capital levels.
As of September 30, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $39,810 compared to cash and cash equivalents of $65,731, as of March 31, 2018. At September 30, 2018, we had total current assets (less restricted cash) of $272,638 and total current liabilities of $183,739, resulting in working capital of $88,899. By comparison, at March 31, 2018, we had total current assets (less restricted cash) of $308,024 and total current liabilities of $212,648, resulting in working capital of $95,376. Current assets, current liabilities and working capital were all lower at September 30, 2018 compared to March 31, 2018, as a result of the factors described in the following paragraphs.
Currency fluctuations during the periods discussed above led to a 15% reduction in the value of the Russian ruble and a 14% reduction in the value of the Kazakhstani tenge against the US dollar. As a result, in accordance with US GAAP, balance sheet items denominated in Russian rubles and Kazakhstani tenge had to be revalued. This caused us to realize a $3,248 net loss on foreign exchange operations and a foreign currency translation loss of $12,240 during the six months ended September 30, 2018.
During the six months ended September 30, 2018, we experienced a shift in the composition of our debt obligations. Our obligations under direct repurchase agreements denominated in Kazakhstani tenge, which bore interest at an average rate of 11.74%, decreased by $77,197 from March 31, 2018 to September 30, 2018. During the same period, we issued $5,036 in Freedom KZ bonds denominated in Kazakhstani tenge and $9,247 in Freedom KZ bonds denominated in United States dollars. The bonds denominated in Kazakhtani tenge have a coupon rate of 11.5% and the bonds denominated in United States dollars have a coupon rate of 8%. We also received bank loans denominated in United States dollars of $1,889, which bear interest at 7% per annum and non-bank loans denominated in Kazakhstani tenge of $3,511 which bear interest at a rate of 3%. During the six months ended September 30, 2018, Mr. Turlov made capital contributions of $225.
45
As of September 30, 2018, the value of the trading securities held in our proprietary trading account totaled $148,407 compared to $212,595 at March 31, 2018. This reduction in trading securities was primarily attributable to the sale of trading securities, and revaluations resulting from the weakening of the Russian ruble and Kazakhstani tenge against the United States dollar. As of September 30, 2018, $106,281 worth of trading securities held in our proprietary trading account were subject to securities repurchase obligations and pledge loans received compared to $209,088 at March 31, 2018. Of our $39,810 in cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2018, $13,142 was subject to reverse repurchase agreements.
We monitor and manage our leverage and liquidity risk through various committees and processes we have established. We assess our leverage and liquidity risk based on considerations and assumptions of market factors, as well as other factors, including the amount of available liquid capital (i.e., the amount of their cash and cash equivalents not invested in our operating business). While we are confident in the risk management monitoring and management processes we have in place, a significant portion of our trading securities and cash and cash equivalents are subject to collateralization agreements. This significantly enhances our risk of loss in the event financial markets move against our positions. When this occurs our liquidity, capitalization and business can be negatively impacted. Because of the amount of leverage we employ in our proprietary trading activities, coupled with our strategy to at times take large positions in select companies or industries, our liquidity, capitalization, projected return on investment and results of operations can also be significantly affected when we misjudge the impact of events, timing and liquidity of the market for those securities.
As of September 30, 2018, approximately $69,000 of our proprietary trading account was invested in the securities of a single company. Our position in this security is highly leveraged. We invested in this security based on our analysis that this company is significantly undervalued and presents a good investment opportunity. As of the date of this report, this position remains open. Based on the size of the position and the leveraging we have employed to maintain it, our liquidity, capitalization, projected return on investment and results of operations could be significantly negatively affected if our analysis of this investment opportunity and/or market conditions, including our ability to liquidate the position as needed, proves to be incorrect.
We have pursued an aggressive growth strategy during the past several years, and we anticipate continuing efforts to rapidly expand the footprint of our full service financial services business in Central Asia. While this strategy has led to revenue growth it also results in increased expenses and greater need for capital resources. Further growth and e xpansion may require greater capital resources than we currently possess, which could require us to pursue additional equity or debt financing from outside sources. We cannot assure that such financing will be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all, at the time it is needed.
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, cash expected to be generated from operating activities, and forecasted returns from our proprietary trading will be sufficient to meet our working capital needs for the next 12 months. We continue to monitor our financial performance to ensure adequate liquidity to fund operations and execute our business plan.
46
Cash Flows
The following table presents our cash flows for the six months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

| For the six months ended September 30, 2018 | For the six months ended September 30, 2017 (Recast)
Net cash flows (used in)/from operating activities | $(17,222) | $21,417
Net cash flows used in investing activities | (4,015) | (4,858)
Net cash flows from financing activities | 11,453 | 15,183
Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | (8,539) | (4,467)
NET CHANGE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH | $(18,323) | $27,275

Net cash used in operating activities during the six months ended September 30, 2018, was $17,222. By comparison, during the six months ended September 30, 2017 we realized net cash from operations of $21,417. This was primarily because of changes in operating assets and liabilities, including a $61,106 decrease in securities repurchase agreement obligations, a $53,928 increase in brokerage and other receivables, $41,284 increase in customer liabilities and a $24,380 decrease in trading securities. These changes were only partially offset by a $5,382 decrease in loans issued, and a $12,237 increase in trade payables.
During the six months ended September 30, 2018, net cash used in investing activities was $4,015 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $4,858 during the six months ended September 30, 2017. Cash from investing activities during the six months ended September 30, 2018, was primarily used for the acquisition of Asyl in the amount of $2,240 and for the purchases of fixed assets, net of sales, of $2,016 which was partially offset by cash received from the sale of available-for-sale securities, at fair value of $241. Cash used in investing activities during the six months ended September 30, 2017, was primarily used to purchase available-for-sale securities, at fair value of $5,490 and fixed assets, net of sales of $740, which was partially offset by cash received in connection with the acquisitions of Asyl and Nettrader in the amount of $1,368.
Net cash from financing activities during the six months ended September 30, 2018, consisted principally of proceeds from loans received in the amount of $5,297 and repayment of loans received in the amount of $8,352, proceeds from issuance and repurchase of debt securities of Freedom KZ in the amount of $17,077 and $2,794, and capital contributions to the Company by Mr. Turlov in the amount of $225. By comparison, net cash flows from financing activities during the six months ended September 30, 2017, consisted principally of capital contributions from Mr. Turlov in the amount of $8,464 and proceeds and repurchase from issuance of debt securities of Freedom KZ and Asyl in the amount of $16,674, which was partially offset by repurchase of debt securities in the amount of $9,955.
47
Contractual Obligations and Contingencies
See Note 20 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities for information regarding our significant contractual obligations and contingencies at September 30, 2018.
Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements
As of September 30, 2018, we had no off-balance sheet financing arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
For a discussion of critical accounting policies and estimates, please see Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Item 3. Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Because we are a smaller reporting company we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of September 30, 2018, our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures under the 2013 framework of the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report in timely alerting them to information required to be included in our periodic filings with the Commission.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2018, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The financial services industry is highly regulated and many aspects of our business involve substantial risk of liability. In recent years, there has been an increasing incidence of litigation involving the brokerage industry, including class action suits that generally seek substantial damages, including in some cases punitive damages. Compliance and trading problems that are reported to federal, state and provincial regulators, exchanges or other self-regulatory organizations by dissatisfied customers are investigated by such regulatory bodies, and, if pursued by such regulatory body or such customers, may rise to the level of arbitration or disciplinary action. We are also subject to periodic regulatory audits and inspections.
48
From time to time, our subsidiaries are party to various routine legal proceedings, claims, and regulatory inquiries arising out of the ordinary course of their business. Management believes that the results of these routine legal proceedings, claims, and regulatory matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, or on the Company’s operations and cash flows. However, the Company cannot estimate the legal fees and expenses to be incurred in connection with these routine matters and, therefore, is unable to determine whether these future legal fees and expenses will have a material impact on the Company’s operations and cash flows. It is the Company’s policy to expense legal and other fees as incurred.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
We believe there are no additions to the risk factors disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2018, filed with the Commission on June 29, 2018.
Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed or furnished, as applicable, as part of this report:

Exhibit No.* |  | Description of Exhibit |  | Location
Item 31 |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications |  |
31.01 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Attached
31.02 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Attached
Item 32 |  | Section 1350 Certifications |  |
32.01 |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Attached
Item 101 |  | Interactive Data File |  |
101 |  | The following Freedom Holding Corp, financial information for the periods ended September 30, 2018, formatted in XBRL (eXtensive Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Statements of Other Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (iv) the Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. |  | Attached

*
All exhibits are numbered with the number preceding the decimal indicating the applicable SEC reference number in Item 601 and the number following the decimal indicating the sequence of the particular document.
49
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | FREEDOM HOLDING CORP. |
Date: | November 13, 2018 | /s/ Timur Turlov |
|  | Timur Turlov Chief Executive Officer
Date: | November 13, 2018 | /s/ Evgeniy Ler |
|  | Evgeniy Ler Chief Financial Officer

50