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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policy)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Principles of Consolidation Principles of Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and entities in which it holds a controlling financial interest. The Company determines whether it has a controlling financial interest either by its decision-making ability through voting interests or by the extent of the Company’s participation in the economic risks and rewards of the entity through variable interests. The Company’s principal subsidiaries are SEI Investments Distribution Co. (SIDCO), SEI Investments Management Corporation (SIMC), SEI Private Trust Company (SPTC), SEI Trust Company (STC), SEI Global Services, Inc. (SGSI) and SEI Investments (Europe) Limited (SIEL). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
The Company accounts for investments in unconsolidated entities that are 20 percent to 50 percent owned or are 20 percent or less owned and have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the entity under the equity method of accounting. Under this method of accounting, the Company’s interest in the net assets of unconsolidated entities is reflected in Investment in unconsolidated affiliates on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet and its interest in the earnings or losses of unconsolidated entities is reflected in Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates on the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Variable Interest Entities Variable Interest Entities
The Company has involvement with various variable interest entities (VIE or VIEs) primarily co-sponsored investment products established for clients created in the form of various types of legal entity structures. Effective January 1, 2016, the Company adopted the amendments contained in Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis (ASU 2015-02) which amends the current guidance for both the VIE and the voting interest entity (VOE) consolidation models. This guidance rescinds the indefinite deferral of the VIE guidance for investment companies that permitted application of the risks and rewards based approach. The adoption of ASU 2015-02 did not have any affect on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures (See Note 3).
Management's Use of Estimates Management’s Use of EstimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition Revenue Recognition
The Company’s principal sources of revenues are: (1) asset management, administration and distribution fees earned based upon a contractual percentage of net assets under management or administration; (2) information processing and software servicing fees that are either recurring and primarily earned based upon the number of trust accounts being serviced or a percentage of the total average daily market value of the clients' assets processed on the Company's platforms, or non-recurring and based upon project-oriented contractual agreements related to client implementations; and (3) transaction-based fees for providing trade-execution services.
The Company’s revenues are based on contractual arrangements. Revenues are recognized in the periods in which the related services are performed provided that persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured. Cash received by the Company in advance of the performance of services is deferred and recognized as revenue when earned. Reimbursements received for out-of-pocket expenses incurred are recorded as revenue. Certain portions of the Company’s revenues require management’s consideration of the nature of the client relationship in determining whether to recognize as revenue the gross amount billed or net amount retained after payments are made to suppliers for certain services related to the product or service offering. For the majority of the Company's services, the Company is the primary obligor responsible for fulfilling the performance obligations of the contract. In addition, management retains full discretion in establishing the price charged to the customer, control the nature, type, characteristics or specifications of the performance obligations identified in the contract, and assume all credit risk associated with the client. Based on the foregoing, fees received by the Company for these services are recorded as gross revenues and vendor costs are recorded as gross expenses. However, the Company is also party to certain arrangements whereby the Company is not the primary obligor responsible for fulfilling the performance obligations of the contract. Fees received for those arrangements are reported net of costs associated with the provision of those services.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers investment instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Allowances for Doubtful AccountsThe Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts equal to the estimated uncollectible amounts. The Company’s estimate is based on historical collection experience and a review of the current status of trade accounts receivable.
Concentration of Credit Risk Concentration of Credit RiskFinancial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents and trade receivables. Cash equivalents are principally invested in short-term money market funds or placed with major banks and high-credit qualified financial institutions. Cash deposits maintained with institutions are in excess of federally insured limits. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to the Company's receivables are limited due to the large number of clients and their dispersion across geographic areas. No single group or customer represents greater than ten percent of total accounts receivable.
Property and Equipment Property and EquipmentProperty and Equipment are recorded at cost. Expenditures for major additions and improvements are capitalized and minor replacements, maintenance, and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Construction in progress includes the cost of construction and other direct costs attributable to the construction. When property and equipment are retired or disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in the results of operations for the respective period. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives using the straight line method for financial statement purposes. No provision for depreciation is made for construction in progress until such time as the relevant assets are completed and put into service. The Company uses other depreciation methods, generally accelerated, for tax purposes where appropriate. Buildings and building improvements are depreciated over 25 to 39 years. Equipment, purchased software and furniture and fixtures have useful lives ranging from 3 to 5 years. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed using the straight line method over the shorter of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful lives of the improvements.
Marketable Securities Marketable Securities
The classification of investments in marketable securities is determined at the time of purchase and reevaluated at each balance sheet date. Debt and equity securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value as determined by the most recently traded price of each security at the balance sheet date. Unrealized gains and losses, net of income taxes, are reported as a separate component of comprehensive income. SIDCO, the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiary, reports changes in fair value of marketable securities through current period earnings due to specialized accounting practices related to investments by broker-dealers. The Company records its investments in funds sponsored by LSV on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses from the change in fair value of these securities are recognized in current period earnings. The specific identification method is used to compute the realized gains and losses on all of the Company’s marketable securities (See Note 6).
The Company evaluates the realizable value of its marketable securities on a quarterly basis. In the event that the carrying value of an investment exceeds its fair value and the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded and a new cost basis for the investment is established. Some of the factors considered in determining other-than-temporary impairment for equity securities include, but are not limited to, significant or prolonged declines in the fair value of the investments, the Company’s ability and intent to retain the investment for a period sufficient to allow the value to recover, and the financial condition of the investment. Some of the factors considered in determining other-than-temporary impairment for debt securities include, but are not limited to, the intent of management to sell the security, the likelihood that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovering its cost, and management’s expectation to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security even if there is no intent to sell the security.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The fair value hierarchy describes three levels of inputs that may be used by the Company to measure fair value:
Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities without adjustment. The Company’s Level 1 assets primarily include investments in mutual funds sponsored by SEI that are quoted daily.
Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 financial assets consist of Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) mortgage-backed securities, Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) and other U.S. government agency short-term notes. The investments in GNMA mortgage-backed securities were purchased for the sole purpose of satisfying applicable regulatory requirements imposed on our wholly-owned limited purpose federal thrift subsidiary, SPTC. The investments in FHLB and other U.S. government agency short-term notes were purchased as part of a cash management program requiring only short term, top-tier investment grade government and corporate securities.
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant judgment by management. The Company had no Level 3 financial assets or liabilities at December 31, 2017 or 2016 that were required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
The fair value of an asset or liability may include inputs from more than one level in the fair value hierarchy. The lowest level of significant inputs used to value the asset or liability determines which level the asset or liability is classified in its entirety. Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are reported at fair value as of the beginning of the period in which the transfers occur.
Capitalized Software Capitalized Software
Costs incurred for the development of internal use software to be offered in a hosting arrangement is capitalized during the development stage of the software application. These costs include direct external and internal costs to design the software configuration and interfaces, coding, installation, and testing. Costs incurred during the preliminary and post-implementation stages of the software application are expensed as incurred. Costs associated with significant enhancements to a software application are capitalized while costs incurred to maintain existing software applications are expensed as incurred. The capitalization of software development costs requires considerable judgment by management with respect to certain external factors, including, but not limited to, technological and economic feasibility, and estimated economic life. Amortization of capitalized software development costs begins when the product is ready for its intended use. Capitalized software development
costs are amortized on a product-by-product basis using the straight-line method over the estimated economic life of the product or enhancement.
The Company capitalized $61,043, $50,392 and $29,416 of software development costs during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company's capitalized software development costs primarily relate to the further development of the SEI Wealth PlatformSM (the Platform). The Company capitalized $51,353, $39,785 and $24,515 of software development costs for significant enhancements to the Platform during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the net book value of the Platform was $285,207. The net book value includes $38,093 of capitalized software development costs in-progress associated with future releases.
The Company also capitalized $9,690, $10,607 and $4,901 of software development costs during 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, related to an application for the Investment Managers segment. Capitalized software development costs in-progress at December 31, 2017 associated with this application were $25,198. The application is expected to be placed into service during the first quarter 2018.
The amount of amortization expense recognized related to the SEI Wealth Platform is based upon management’s estimate of its useful life. Management continually reassesses the estimated useful life of the Platform and any change in management’s estimate could result in the remaining amortization expense to be accelerated or spread out over a longer period. The initial version of the Platform was placed into service in July 2007 with an estimated useful life of 15 years. All significant enhancements to the Platform were being amortized over the remaining useful life and would have been fully amortized by June 2022. As a result of recent development efforts, successful client installation onto the Platform of a large-scale regional bank and market acceptance as evidenced by a contractual arrangement with a large-scale national bank, the Company adjusted the remaining useful life of certain components and functionality of the Platform that were placed into service during the past several years. This change in estimate was applied prospectively effective October 1, 2017. The initial version of the Platform and certain subsequent releases were not adjusted. The adjustment resulted in a decrease to the Company's amortization expense in 2017 of $4,347, and accordingly, increased income from operations by $4,347 and increased net income by $3,156, or $0.02 diluted earnings per share. As of December 31, 2017, the Platform has a weighted average remaining life of 8.2 years. Amortization expense for the Platform was $46,505, $45,047 and $42,401 in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and is included in Amortization expense on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Company currently expects to recognize amortization expense related to all capitalized software development costs placed into service as of December 31, 2017 each year from 2018 through 2022 as follows:
2018
$
43,717

2019
43,717

2020
43,717

2021
43,439

2022
29,556


The Company evaluates the carrying value of capitalized software development costs when circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. The review of capitalized software development costs for impairment requires significant assumptions about operating strategies, underlying technologies utilized, and external market factors. External market factors include, but are not limited to, expected levels of competition, barriers to entry by potential competitors, stability in the target market and governmental regulations.
Business Combinations Business CombinationsThe Company accounts for business combinations in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 805, Business Combinations (ASC 805). ASC 805 establishes principles and requirements for recognizing the total consideration transferred, assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. ASC 805 also provides guidance for recognizing and measuring goodwill acquired in a business combination and requires the acquirer to disclose information needed to evaluate and understand the financial impact of the business combination. The Company recognizes assets and liabilities acquired at their estimated fair values. Management uses judgment to identify the acquired assets and liabilities assumed; estimate the fair value of these assets and liabilities; estimate the useful life of the assets; and assess the appropriate method for recognizing depreciation or amortization expense over the estimated useful life of the assets.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The Company reviews long-lived assets and identifiable definite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. For purposes of recognizing and measuring an impairment loss, a long-lived asset is grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent.
Identifiable definite-lived intangible assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet are amortized on a straight-line basis according to their estimated useful lives. Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Current guidance require that a two-step, fair value based test be performed to assess goodwill for impairment. In the first step, the fair value of each reporting unit is compared with its carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value exceeds the carrying value, goodwill is not impaired and no further testing is performed. The second step is performed if the carrying value exceeds the fair value. The second step requires an allocation of fair value to the individual assets and liabilities using a purchase price allocation in order to determine the implied fair value of goodwill. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized.
Income Taxes Income TaxesThe Company applies the asset and liability approach to account for income taxes whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.As required by ASU 2016-09, the Company no longer records excess tax benefits from stock option exercises as an increase to additional paid in capital, but records such excess tax benefits as a reduction of income tax expense in the reporting period in which the exercises occur.
Foreign Currency Translation Foreign Currency Translation
The assets and liabilities and results of operations of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are measured using the foreign subsidiary’s local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities have been translated into U.S. dollars using the rates of exchange at the balance sheet dates. The results of operations have been translated into U.S. dollars at average exchange rates prevailing during the period. The resulting translation gain and loss adjustments are recorded as a separate component of comprehensive income.
Transaction gains and losses from exchange rate fluctuations are included in the results of operations in the periods in which they occur.
Earnings Per Share Earnings Per Common ShareBasic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income attributable to SEI Investments common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income attributable to SEI Investments common shareholders by the combination of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and the dilutive potential common shares, such as stock options, outstanding during the period.
Stock-based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. The amount of stock-based compensation expense that is recognized in a given period is dependent upon management’s estimate of when the vesting targets are expected to be achieved. If this estimate proves to be inaccurate, the remaining amount of stock-based compensation expense could be accelerated, spread out over a longer period, or reversed (See Note 8).
The Company adopted ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASU 2016-09) during 2017. As required by ASU 2016-09, excess tax benefits recognized on stock-based compensation expense are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of the provision for income taxes on a prospective basis (See Note 12). Additionally, excess tax benefits or deficiencies recognized on stock-based compensation expense are classified as an operating activity in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company has applied this provision retrospectively for all periods presented. As a result, net cash provided by operating activities for 2016 and 2015 increased by $8,984 and $16,056, respectively, with corresponding offsets to net cash used for financing activities.
ASU 2016-09 also allows for the option to account for forfeitures as they occur when determining the amount of compensation cost to be recognized, rather than estimating expected forfeitures over the course of a vesting period. The Company elected to account for forfeitures as they occur. In addition, ASU 2016-09 eliminates anticipated windfalls and shortfalls that were included in the calculation of assumed proceeds for computing the dilutive effect of share-based payment awards in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. No adjustments to the Company's prior period reported diluted earnings per share amounts were permitted by ASU 2016-09.
The net cumulative effect to the Company from the adoption of ASU 2016-09 was an increase to paid-in capital of $2,582, a reduction to retained earnings of $1,669 and an increase to deferred tax assets of $913 as of January 1, 2017.
New Accounting Pronouncements New Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (ASU 2014-09). ASU 2014-09 provides a single comprehensive model to be used in the accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance. The principal concept in ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard requires an entity to apply a five-step model that includes identifying the contract with a customer, identifying the performance obligations in the contract, determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations, and recognizing revenue when (or as) an entity satisfies a performance obligation. The standard also specifies the accounting for certain costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer and requires expanded disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.
The FASB issued several amendments to ASU 2014-09. These amendments include, but are not limited to, clarification of principal versus agent guidance in situations in which a revenue transaction involves a third party in providing goods or services to a customer. In such circumstances, an entity must determine whether the nature of its promise to the customer is to provide the underlying goods or services (the entity is the principal in the transaction and reports the transaction gross) or to arrange for a third party to provide the underlying goods or services (the entity is the agent in the transaction and reports the transaction net). The amendments also clarify, in terms of identifying performance obligations, how entities would determine whether promised goods or services are separately identifiable from other promises in a contract and, therefore, would be accounted for separately.
ASU 2014-09 is effective for the Company on January 1, 2018 and provides for either full retrospective adoption or a modified retrospective adoption by which it is applied only to the most current period presented. The Company has concluded that it will utilize the modified retrospective method of adoption with a cumulative catch up adjustment and will provide additional disclosures in its 2018 consolidated financial statements. The Company has completed analyses, executed project management relative to the process of adopting ASU 2014-09, and conducted detailed reviews of customer contracts to complete necessary adjustments to existing accounting policies. The Company has implemented changes to its accounting systems, processes and internal controls over revenue reporting and the new disclosure requirements, as necessary, in the application of the new standard.
The adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not change the accounting for the majority of the Company’s revenue arrangements and will not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. A summary of the Company’s assessment and the primary changes that will be implemented in the first quarter of 2018 due to the adoption of the new standard are presented below:
The majority of the Company’s services are bundled together, and provided and completed for the client on a monthly basis. For these revenue arrangements, the Company will continue to recognize revenue on a monthly basis as the client
consumes the benefits continuously over time. The timing and recognition of revenues from these arrangements will not change as a result of the adoption of ASU 2014-09.
Some contracts include implementation fees, which are recognized in Information processing and software servicing fees, and fund conversion fees, which are recognized in Asset management, administration and distribution fees. The Company concluded that for most of the arrangements that included implementation or fund conversion services were a distinct and separate performance obligation. As a result, upon the adoption of ASU 2014-09, the timing and recognition of fees from most of these arrangements did not change. However, future revenue arrangements that include implementation or fund conversion services may not be considered distinct performance obligations which would require such fees to be recognized over the life of the client which could longer. The Company will evaluate each contract in accordance with the requirements of ASU 2014-09.
Research services provided by SIDCO, the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiary, to customers in soft-dollar arrangements were determined to be a separate performance obligation that should be allocated a portion of the transaction price. Research services provided by a broker-dealer may be internally generated or provided by a third party and paid directly by the broker-dealer on the customer’s behalf. It was determined that SIDCO is considered an agent since it does not control the research services before they are transferred to the customer. Therefore, fees received for research services should be recorded net of amounts paid for the soft dollar arrangement. These amounts paid by the Company were previously recorded as an expense and beginning January 1, 2018 will be recorded net of any revenue recognized. The amounts recorded as an expense in 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $14,623, $18,409, and $20,333 respectively.
Incremental contract acquisition costs, primarily sales compensation costs paid to the Company's sales personnel, related to information processing contracts in the Private Banks segment and fund administration contracts in the Investment Managers segment will be deferred and recognized over the expected client life. The deferred asset from contract acquisition costs is assessed for impairment on a periodic basis. The Company will utilize the practical expedient permitting the expensing of costs to obtain a contract when the expected amortization period is one year or less. As a result, incremental contract acquisition costs will be capitalized and subsequently amortized upon adoption on January 1, 2018 as a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity.
The Company is in the process of finalizing its assessment of the cumulative-effect adjustment of initially applying the new revenue standard but does not believe there are any remaining significant implementation items associated with the adoption of the new standard that have not yet been addressed. The cumulative-effect adjustment to equity of initially applying the new standard on January 1, 2018 is expected to be immaterial.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (ASU 2016-01) that will significantly change the income statement impact of equity investments held by an entity, and the recognition of changes in fair value of financial liabilities when the fair value option is elected. The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 during the first quarter 2018. Management currently believes the most significant impact will be the requirement to recognize all changes in fair value of available-for-sale equity securities in current period earnings. Previously, these changes in fair value were recognized as a separate component of comprehensive income. ASU 2016-01 will require a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2018. The Company does not believe the cumulative-effect adjustment will have a material impact to its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (ASU 2016-02) requiring lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with the exception of short-term leases. For lessees, leases will continue to be classified as either operating or finance leases in the income statement. Lessor accounting is similar to the current model but updated to align with certain changes to the lessee model. Lessors will continue to classify leases as operating, direct financing or sales-type leases. The new standard must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition and requires application of the new guidance at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. The updated standard is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the transition method that will be elected and the effect that the updated standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13) which requires that expected credit losses relating to financial assets measured on an amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. ASU No. 2016-13 limits the amount of credit losses to be recognized for available-for-sale debt securities to the amount by which carrying value exceeds fair value and also requires the reversal of previously recognized credit losses if fair value increases. ASU 2016-13 becomes effective for the Company during the first quarter of 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash (ASU 2016-18) which requires restricted cash and cash equivalents to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling
beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. Under this guidance, the statement of cash flows should explain the total change in cash balances, including amounts described as restricted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-18 during the first quarter 2018. The Company has determined ASU 2016-18 will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (ASU 2017-04). The objective of ASU 2017-04 is to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill by entities performing their annual goodwill impairment tests by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit, including income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill, with its carrying amount and recognizing an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value. ASU 2017-04 is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2017-04 on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Reclassifications ReclassificationsCertain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.
Investments in Equity Method Investments The Company accounts for its interest in LSV using the equity method because of its less than 50 percent ownership. The Company’s interest in the net assets of LSV is reflected in Investment in unconsolidated affiliates on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and its interest in the earnings of LSV is reflected in Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Investments in Affiliated Funds The fair value of the Company's investment funds sponsored by LSV is measured using the net asset value per share (NAV) as a practical expedient. The NAVs of the funds are calculated by the funds' independent custodian and are derived from the fair values of the underlying investments as of the reporting date. The funds allow for investor redemptions at the end of each calendar month.
Securities Owned The Company’s broker-dealer subsidiary, SIDCO, has investments in U.S. government agency securities with maturity dates less than one year. These investments are reflected as Securities owned on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Due to specialized accounting practices applicable to investments by broker-dealers, the securities are reported at fair value and changes in fair value are recorded in current period earnings.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income and other gains and losses affecting shareholders’ equity that are excluded from net income. Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. The Company presents other comprehensive income (loss) in its Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
Uncertain Tax Positions The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance and adjusts these liabilities when management’s judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available. Due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from our current estimate of the tax liabilities.