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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
________________________________________

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OF 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from_________to ________
Commission File Number: 0-10200
________________________________________
________________________________________
SEI INVESTMENTS COMPANY
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
________________________________________

Pennsylvania |  | 23-1707341
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1 Freedom Valley Drive, Oaks, Pennsylvania 19456-1100
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(610) 676-1000
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
N/A
(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share |  | SEIC |  | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | x |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No x
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, as of the close of business on April 18, 2023:

Common Stock, $0.01 par value |  | 133,306,087 |

SEI INVESTMENTS COMPANY
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
|  |  |  | Page
Item 1. | Financial Statements. |  |  | 2
| Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) -- March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 |  | 2
| Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) -- For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 |  | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) -- For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 |  | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited) -- For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 |  | 6
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) -- For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 |  | 7
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 8
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. |  | 23
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. |  | 38
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures. |  | 39
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings. |  | 40
Item 1A. | Risk Factors. |  | 40
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. |  | 40
Item 6. | Exhibits. |  | 40
| Signatures |  | 41

1

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements.
SEI Investments Company
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited)
(In thousands, except par value)

| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Assets |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 834,355 |  |  | $ | 853,008 |
Restricted cash | 352 |  |  | 351 |
Receivables from investment products | 55,744 |  |  | 62,014 |
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $721 and $901 | 458,226 |  |  | 457,084 |
Securities owned | 31,779 |  |  | 32,148 |
Other current assets | 50,964 |  |  | 48,703 |
Total Current Assets | 1,431,420 |  |  | 1,453,308 |
Property and Equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $449,628 and $440,861 | 183,207 |  |  | 181,029 |
Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets | 23,992 |  |  | 24,992 |
Capitalized Software, net of accumulated amortization of $593,049 and $586,744 | 240,038 |  |  | 237,302 |
Available for Sale and Equity Securities | 124,269 |  |  | 128,201 |
Investments in Affiliated Funds, at fair value | 6,537 |  |  | 6,366 |
Investment in Unconsolidated Affiliate | 55,041 |  |  | 104,673 |
Goodwill | 115,602 |  |  | 115,599 |
Intangible Assets, net of accumulated amortization of $33,226 and $30,261 | 52,567 |  |  | 55,532 |
Deferred Contract Costs | 37,505 |  |  | 37,928 |
Deferred Income Taxes | 9,993 |  |  | 4,936 |
Other Assets, net | 38,323 |  |  | 33,687 |
Total Assets | $ | 2,318,494 |  |  | $ | 2,383,553 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
2

SEI Investments Company
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited)
(In thousands, except par value)

| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 14,160 |  |  | $ | 13,283 |
Accrued liabilities | 233,684 |  |  | 359,363 |
Current portion of long-term operating lease liabilities | 10,331 |  |  | 10,344 |
Deferred revenue | 14,330 |  |  | 14,893 |
Total Current Liabilities | 272,505 |  |  | 397,883 |
Long-term Income Taxes Payable | 803 |  |  | 803 |
Long-term Operating Lease Liabilities | 17,657 |  |  | 18,786 |
Other Long-term Liabilities | 13,195 |  |  | 12,257 |
Total Liabilities | 304,160 |  |  | 429,729 |
Commitments and Contingencies |  |  |
Shareholders' Equity: |  |  |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 750,000 shares authorized; 133,268 and 134,162 shares issued and outstanding | 1,333 |  |  | 1,342 |
Capital in excess of par value | 1,327,591 |  |  | 1,307,162 |
Retained earnings | 729,988 |  |  | 694,287 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net | (44,578) |  |  | (48,967) |
Total Shareholders' Equity | 2,014,334 |  |  | 1,953,824 |
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity | $ | 2,318,494 |  |  | $ | 2,383,553 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3

SEI Investments Company
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset management, administration and distribution fees | $ | 371,829 |  |  | $ | 394,097 |  |  |  |  |
Information processing and software servicing fees | 97,290 |  |  | 187,346 |  |  |  |  |
Total revenues | 469,119 |  |  | 581,443 |  |  |  |  |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subadvisory, distribution and other asset management costs | 47,379 |  |  | 53,128 |  |  |  |  |
Software royalties and other information processing costs | 7,293 |  |  | 7,547 |  |  |  |  |
Compensation, benefits and other personnel | 173,415 |  |  | 160,484 |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation | 8,074 |  |  | 10,566 |  |  |  |  |
Consulting, outsourcing and professional fees | 61,104 |  |  | 62,491 |  |  |  |  |
Data processing and computer related | 33,340 |  |  | 29,816 |  |  |  |  |
Facilities, supplies and other costs | 18,792 |  |  | 17,627 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization | 9,424 |  |  | 16,887 |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation | 8,531 |  |  | 8,098 |  |  |  |  |
Total expenses | 367,352 |  |  | 366,644 |  |  |  |  |
Income from operations | 101,767 |  |  | 214,799 |  |  |  |  |
Net gain (loss) from investments | 744 |  |  | (489) |  |  |  |  |
Interest and dividend income | 8,778 |  |  | 848 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (141) |  |  | (250) |  |  |  |  |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate | 28,879 |  |  | 32,459 |  |  |  |  |
Income before income taxes | 140,027 |  |  | 247,367 |  |  |  |  |
Income taxes | 33,012 |  |  | 57,059 |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 107,015 |  |  | $ | 190,308 |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 0.80 |  |  | $ | 1.38 |  |  |  |  |
Shares used to compute basic earnings per share | 134,020 |  |  | 137,935 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 0.79 |  |  | $ | 1.36 |  |  |  |  |
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per share | 135,311 |  |  | 139,712 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4

SEI Investments Company
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(unaudited)
(In thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 107,015 |  |  | $ | 190,308 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | 3,067 |  |  | (4,558) |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) during the period, net of income taxes of $(385) and $1,186 |  | 1,287 |  |  | (3,969) |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification adjustment for losses realized in net income, net of income taxes of $(11) and $(57) |  | 35 |  |  | 189 |  |  |  |  |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  | 4,389 |  |  | (8,338) |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 111,404 |  |  | $ | 181,970 |  |  |  |  |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5

SEI Investments Company
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(unaudited)
(In thousands)

| Shares of Common Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Capital In Excess of Par Value |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Equity
| For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Balance, January 1, 2023 | 134,162 |  |  | $ | 1,342 |  |  | $ | 1,307,162 |  |  | $ | 694,287 |  |  | $ | (48,967) |  |  | $ | 1,953,824 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 107,015 |  |  | — |  |  | 107,015 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,389 |  |  | 4,389 |
Purchase and retirement of common stock | (1,361) |  |  | (14) |  |  | (9,004) |  |  | (71,314) |  |  | — |  |  | (80,332) |
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,203 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,203 |
Issuance of common stock under share-based award plans | 443 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 20,156 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,161 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,074 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,074 |
Balance, March 31, 2023 | 133,268 |  |  | $ | 1,333 |  |  | $ | 1,327,591 |  |  | $ | 729,988 |  |  | $ | (44,578) |  |  | $ | 2,014,334 |

| Shares of Common Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Capital In Excess of Par Value |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total Equity
| For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Balance, January 1, 2022 | 138,449 |  |  | $ | 1,384 |  |  | $ | 1,246,608 |  |  | $ | 632,614 |  |  | $ | (19,843) |  |  | $ | 1,860,763 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 190,308 |  |  | — |  |  | 190,308 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,338) |  |  | (8,338) |
Purchase and retirement of common stock | (1,713) |  |  | (17) |  |  | (10,723) |  |  | (89,350) |  |  | — |  |  | (100,090) |
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,168 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,168 |
Issuance of common stock under share-based award plans | 460 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 18,701 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,706 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,566 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,566 |
Balance, March 31, 2022 | 137,219 |  |  | $ | 1,372 |  |  | $ | 1,266,320 |  |  | $ | 733,572 |  |  | $ | (28,181) |  |  | $ | 1,973,083 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

6

SEI Investments Company
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)
(In thousands)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 107,015 |  |  | $ | 190,308 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities (See Note 1) | 7,349 |  |  | 70,119 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 114,364 |  |  | 260,427 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Additions to property and equipment | (10,640) |  |  | (9,283) |
Additions to capitalized software | (9,041) |  |  | (6,589) |
Purchases of marketable securities | (21,777) |  |  | (49,333) |
Prepayments and maturities of marketable securities | 28,387 |  |  | 35,397 |
Sales of marketable securities | — |  |  | 48 |
Other investing activities | (3,917) |  |  | (2,000) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (16,988) |  |  | (31,760) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Repayments under revolving credit facility | — |  |  | (10,000) |
Payment of contingent consideration | (904) |  |  | (868) |
Purchase and retirement of common stock | (81,214) |  |  | (100,155) |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | 21,364 |  |  | 19,874 |
Payment of dividends | (57,835) |  |  | (55,503) |
Net cash used in financing activities | (118,589) |  |  | (146,652) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 2,561 |  |  | (5,591) |
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (18,652) |  |  | 76,424 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 853,359 |  |  | 831,758 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 834,707 |  |  | $ | 908,182 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
7

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(all figures are in thousands except share and per share data)
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations
SEI Investments Company (the Company), a Pennsylvania corporation, provides comprehensive platforms, services and infrastructure–encompassing technology, operational, and investment management services–to help wealth managers, financial advisors, investment managers, family offices, institutional and private investors create and manage wealth.
Investment processing platforms provide technologies and business process outsourcing services for wealth managers. These solutions include investment advisory, client relationship, and other technology-enabled capabilities for the front office; administrative and investment services for the middle office; and accounting and processing services for the back office. Revenues from investment processing platforms are recognized in Information processing and software servicing fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Investment operations platforms provide business process outsourcing services for investment managers and asset owners. These platforms support a broad range of traditional and alternative investments and provide technology-enabled information analytics and investor capabilities for the front office; administrative and investment services for the middle office; and fund administration and accounting services for the back office. Revenues from investment operations platforms are recognized in Asset management, administration and distribution fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Investment management platforms provide comprehensive solutions for managing personal and institutional wealth. These platforms include goals-based investment strategies; SEI-sponsored investment products, including mutual funds, collective investment products, alternative investment portfolios and separately managed accounts (SMA); and other market-specific advice, technology and operational components. These platforms are offered to wealth managers as part of a complete goals-based investment program for their end-investors. For institutional investors, the Company provides Outsourced Chief Investment Officer (OCIO) solutions and Enhanced Chief Investment Officer (ECIO) solutions that include investment management programs, as well as advisory and administrative services. Revenues from investment management platforms are recognized in Asset management, administration and distribution fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Certain financial information and accompanying note disclosure normally included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K have been condensed or omitted. The interim financial information is unaudited but reflects all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2023, the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. These interim Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
There have been no significant changes in significant accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the significant accounting policies described in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Variable Interest Entities
The Company or its affiliates have created numerous investment products for its clients in various types of legal entity structures. The Company serves as the Manager, Administrator and Distributor for these investment products and may also serve as the Trustee for some of the investment products. The Company receives asset management, distribution, administration and custodial fees for these services. Clients are the equity investors and participate in proportion to their ownership percentage in the net income or loss and net capital gains or losses of the products, and, on liquidation, will participate in proportion to their ownership percentage in the remaining net assets of the products after satisfaction of outstanding liabilities. The Company has concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of the entities and, therefore, is not required to consolidate any of the pooled investment vehicles for which it receives asset management, distribution, administration and custodial fees under the VIE model.
The Company is a party to expense limitation agreements with certain SEI-sponsored money market funds subject to Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 which establish a maximum level of ordinary operating expenses incurred by
8

the fund in any fiscal year including, but not limited to, fees of the administrator or its affiliates. Under the terms of these agreements, the Company waived $5,561 and $11,185 in fees during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when the transfer of control of promised goods or services under the terms of a contract with customers are satisfied in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those promised goods or services. Certain portions of the Company’s revenues involve a third party in providing goods or services to its customers. In such circumstances, the Company must determine whether the nature of its promise to the customer is to provide the underlying goods or services (the Company is the principal in the transaction and reports the transaction gross) or to arrange for a third party to provide the underlying goods or services (the entity is the agent in the transaction and reports the transaction net). See Note 13 for related disclosures regarding revenue recognition.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents includes $341,216 and $305,434 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, primarily invested in SEI-sponsored open-ended money market mutual funds.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash includes $250 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 segregated for regulatory purposes related to trade-execution services conducted by SEI Investments (Europe) Limited. Restricted cash also includes $102 and $101 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, segregated in special reserve accounts for the benefit of customers of the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiary, SEI Investments Distribution Co. (SIDCO), in accordance with certain rules established by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for broker-dealers.
Capitalized Software
The Company capitalized $9,041 and $6,589 of software development costs during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company's software development costs primarily relate to significant enhancements to the SEI Wealth Platform SM (SWP). As of March 31, 2023, the net book value of SWP was $224,551. The net book value includes $10,586 of capitalized software development costs in-progress associated with future releases of SWP. Capitalized software development costs in-progress associated with future releases of SWP were $14,217 as of December 31, 2022. SWP has a weighted average remaining life of 9.6 years. Amortization expense for SWP was $6,158 and $12,104 during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The Company also capitalized $4,307 of software development costs during the three months ended March 31, 2023 related to a new platform for the Investment Managers segment. Capitalized software development costs in-progress associated with this platform were $13,864 as of March 31, 2023. The platform is not yet ready for use.
Earnings per Share
The calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 107,015 |  |  | $ | 190,308 |  |  |  |  |
Shares used to compute basic earnings per common share | 134,020,000 |  |  | 137,935,000 |  |  |  |  |
Dilutive effect of stock options | 1,291,000 |  |  | 1,777,000 |  |  |  |  |
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per common share | 135,311,000 |  |  | 139,712,000 |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 0.80 |  |  | $ | 1.38 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 0.79 |  |  | $ | 1.36 |  |  |  |  |

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, employee stock options to purchase 11,273,000 and 12,218,000 shares of common stock with an average exercise price of $61.28 and $60.28, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share. These options for the three month periods were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because either the performance conditions have not been satisfied or would not have been satisfied if the reporting date was the end of the contingency period or the options' exercise price was greater than the average market price of the Company’s common stock and the effect on diluted earnings per common share would have been anti-dilutive.
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Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2021-08). This update amends Topic 805 to add contract assets and contract liabilities to the list of exceptions to the recognition and measurement principles that apply to business combinations and to require that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in accordance with ASC 606. The Company adopted ASU 2021-08 on January 1, 2023. There was no material impact to the Company's consolidated financial statements from the implementation of ASU 2021-08.
Statements of Cash Flows
For purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, the Company considers investment instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
The following table provides the details of the adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31:

| 2023 |  | 2022
Net income | $ | 107,015 |  |  | $ | 190,308 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation | 8,531 |  |  | 8,098 |
Amortization | 9,424 |  |  | 16,887 |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate | (28,879) |  |  | (32,459) |
Distributions received from unconsolidated affiliate | 29,219 |  |  | 32,961 |
Stock-based compensation | 8,074 |  |  | 10,566 |
Provision for losses on receivables | (180) |  |  | (214) |
Deferred income tax expense | (5,452) |  |  | (10,908) |
Net (gain) loss from investments | (744) |  |  | 489 |
Change in other long-term liabilities | 938 |  |  | 1,138 |
Change in other assets | (783) |  |  | (706) |
Contract costs capitalized, net of amortization | 423 |  |  | 389 |
Other | 123 |  |  | 1,228 |
Change in current assets and liabilities |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in |  |  |
Receivables from investment products | 6,270 |  |  | 1,452 |
Receivables | (962) |  |  | 3,979 |
Other current assets | (2,261) |  |  | (2,556) |
Advances due from unconsolidated affiliate | 49,292 |  |  | 54,636 |
(Decrease) increase in |  |  |
Accounts payable | 877 |  |  | (2,273) |
Accrued liabilities | (65,998) |  |  | (18,078) |
Deferred revenue | (563) |  |  | 5,490 |
Total adjustments | 7,349 |  |  | 70,119 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 114,364 |  |  | $ | 260,427 |

Note 2. Investment in Unconsolidated Affiliate
LSV Asset Management
The Company has an investment in LSV Asset Management (LSV), a registered investment advisor that provides investment advisory services primarily to institutions, including pension plans and investment companies. LSV is currently an investment sub-advisor for a limited number of SEI-sponsored investment products. The Company's partnership interest in LSV as of March 31, 2023 was 38.6%. The Company accounts for its interest in LSV using the equity method because of its less than 50% ownership. The Company’s interest in the net assets of LSV is reflected in Investment in
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unconsolidated affiliate on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and its interest in the earnings of LSV is reflected in Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
At March 31, 2023, the Company’s total investment in LSV was $55,041. The Company receives partnership distributions from LSV on a quarterly basis. The Company received partnership distributions from LSV of $29,219 and $32,961 in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As such, the Company considers these distribution payments as returns on investment rather than returns of the Company's original investment in LSV and has therefore classified the associated cash inflows as an operating activity on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
The Company’s proportionate share in the earnings of LSV was $28,879 and $32,459 during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
These tables contain condensed financial information of LSV:

Condensed Statement of Operations |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Revenues |  | $ | 98,192 |  |  | $ | 108,450 |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | 74,774 |  |  | 83,791 |  |  |  |  |

Condensed Balance Sheets |  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Current assets |  | $ | 118,770 |  |  | $ | 158,326 |
Non-current assets |  | 6,481 |  |  | 6,019 |
Total assets |  | $ | 125,251 |  |  | $ | 164,345 |
Current liabilities |  | $ | 39,302 |  |  | $ | 77,306 |
Non-current liabilities |  | 2,839 |  |  | 3,050 |
Partners’ capital |  | 83,110 |  |  | 83,989 |
Total liabilities and partners’ capital |  | $ | 125,251 |  |  | $ | 164,345 |

Note 3. Composition of Certain Financial Statement Captions
Receivables
Receivables on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of:

| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Trade receivables | $ | 102,590 |  |  | $ | 110,722 |
Fees earned, not billed | 343,823 |  |  | 320,700 |
Other receivables | 12,534 |  |  | 26,563 |
| 458,947 |  |  | 457,985 |
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts | (721) |  |  | (901) |
| $ | 458,226 |  |  | $ | 457,084 |

Fees earned, not billed represents receivables from contracts with customers earned but unbilled and results from timing differences between services provided and contractual billing schedules. These billing schedules generally provide for fees to be billed on a quarterly basis. In addition, certain fees earned from investment operations services are calculated based on assets under administration that have an extended valuation process. Billings to these clients occur once the asset valuation processes are completed.
Receivables from investment products on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets primarily represent fees receivable for distribution, investment advisory, and administration services to various regulated investment companies and other investment products sponsored by SEI.
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Property and Equipment
Property and Equipment on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consists of:

| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Buildings | $ | 210,772 |  |  | $ | 210,626 |
Equipment | 185,813 |  |  | 179,318 |
Land | 26,439 |  |  | 26,439 |
Purchased software | 162,352 |  |  | 160,714 |
Furniture and fixtures | 22,092 |  |  | 21,956 |
Leasehold improvements | 21,500 |  |  | 20,879 |
Construction in progress | 3,867 |  |  | 1,958 |
| 632,835 |  |  | 621,890 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation | (449,628) |  |  | (440,861) |
Property and Equipment, net | $ | 183,207 |  |  | $ | 181,029 |

The Company recognized $8,531 and $8,098 in depreciation expense related to property and equipment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Deferred Contract Costs
Deferred contract costs, which primarily consist of deferred sales commissions, were $37,505 and $37,928 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company deferred expenses related to contract costs of $1,744 and $3,519 during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization expense related to deferred contract costs were $2,167 and $3,908 during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization expense during the three months ended March 31, 2022 includes $1,784 in expense accelerated as a result of the termination of a contractual agreement with a significant client (See Note 13). Amortization expense related to deferred contract costs is included in Compensation, benefits and other personnel on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. There were no material impairment losses in relation to deferred contract costs during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of:

| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Accrued employee compensation | $ | 47,950 |  |  | $ | 100,566 |
Accrued employee benefits and other personnel | 4,394 |  |  | 9,852 |
Accrued voluntary separation program | 36,091 |  |  | 53,821 |
Accrued consulting, outsourcing and professional fees | 37,822 |  |  | 37,009 |
Accrued sub-advisory, distribution and other asset management fees | 48,225 |  |  | 52,916 |
Accrued dividend payable | — |  |  | 58,051 |
Accrued income taxes | 15,930 |  |  | — |
Other accrued liabilities | 43,272 |  |  | 47,148 |
Total accrued liabilities | $ | 233,684 |  |  | $ | 359,363 |

Note 4. Fair Value Measurements
The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, except for the Company's investment funds sponsored by LSV, is determined in accordance with the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the Company’s Level 1 financial assets consist mainly of investments in open-ended mutual funds that are quoted daily. Level 2 financial assets consist of GNMA mortgage-backed securities held by the Company's wholly-owned limited purpose federal thrift subsidiary, SEI Private Trust Company (SPTC), Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) and other U.S. government agency short-term notes held by SIDCO. The financial assets held by SIDCO were purchased as part of a cash management program requiring only short term, top-tier investment grade government and corporate securities. The financial assets held by SPTC are debt securities issued by GNMA and are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. These securities were
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purchased for the sole purpose of satisfying applicable regulatory requirements and have maturity dates which range from 2023 to 2041.
The fair value of the Company's investment funds sponsored by LSV is measured using the net asset value per share (NAV) as a practical expedient. The NAVs of the funds are calculated by the funds' independent custodian and are derived from the fair values of the underlying investments as of the reporting date. The funds allow for investor redemptions at the end of each calendar month. This investment has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy but is presented in the tables below to permit reconciliation to the amounts presented on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The valuation of the Company's Level 2 financial assets held by SIDCO and SPTC are based upon securities pricing policies and procedures utilized by third-party pricing vendors.
The pricing policies and procedures applied for our Level 1 and Level 2 financial assets during the three months ended March 31, 2023 were consistent with those as described in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K at December 31, 2022. The Company had no Level 3 financial assets at March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022 that were required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Level 3 financial liabilities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consist entirely of the estimated contingent consideration resulting from an acquisition (See Note 12). The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined using a Monte-Carlo simulation model. Key assumptions for the Monte-Carlo simulation model include expected revenues, expected volatility, risk-free rate and other factors. There were no transfers of financial assets between levels within the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
The fair value of certain financial assets of the Company was determined using the following inputs:

|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
Assets |  | March 31, 2023 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Equity securities |  | $ | 11,334 |  |  | $ | 11,334 |  |  | $ | — |
Available-for-sale debt securities |  | 112,935 |  |  | — |  |  | 112,935 |
Fixed-income securities owned |  | 31,779 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,779 |
Investment funds sponsored by LSV (1) |  | 6,537 |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 162,585 |  |  | $ | 11,334 |  |  | $ | 144,714 |

|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using
Assets |  | December 31, 2022 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Equity securities |  | $ | 10,900 |  |  | $ | 10,900 |  |  | $ | — |
Available-for-sale debt securities |  | 117,301 |  |  | — |  |  | 117,301 |
Fixed-income securities owned |  | 32,148 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,148 |
Investment funds sponsored by LSV (1) |  | 6,366 |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 166,715 |  |  | $ | 10,900 |  |  | $ | 149,449 |

(1) The fair value amounts presented in the tables above are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets (See Note 5).
Note 5. Marketable Securities
Marketable securities include investments in money market funds and commercial paper classified as cash equivalents, available-for-sale debt securities, investments in SEI-sponsored and non-SEI-sponsored mutual funds, equities, investments in funds sponsored by LSV and securities owned by SIDCO.
Cash Equivalents
Investments in money market funds and commercial paper classified as cash equivalents had a fair value of $503,582 and $450,240 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. There were no material unrealized or realized gains or losses from these investments during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Investments in money market funds and commercial paper are Level 1 assets.
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Available for Sale and Equity Securities
Available For Sale and Equity Securities on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of:

| At March 31, 2023
| Cost Amount |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized (Losses) |  | Fair Value
Available-for-sale debt securities | $ | 123,288 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (10,353) |  |  | $ | 112,935 |
SEI-sponsored mutual funds | 6,216 |  |  | 89 |  |  | (34) |  |  | 6,271 |
Equities and other mutual funds | 5,057 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,063 |
| $ | 134,561 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | (10,387) |  |  | $ | 124,269 |

| At December 31, 2022
| Cost Amount |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized (Losses) |  | Fair Value
Available-for-sale debt securities | $ | 129,372 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (12,071) |  |  | $ | 117,301 |
SEI-sponsored mutual funds | 6,207 |  |  | — |  |  | (176) |  |  | 6,031 |
Equities and other mutual funds | 5,026 |  |  | — |  |  | (157) |  |  | 4,869 |
| $ | 140,605 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (12,404) |  |  | $ | 128,201 |

Net unrealized losses at March 31, 2023 of available-for-sale debt securities were $7,972 (net of income tax benefit of $2,381). Net unrealized losses at December 31, 2022 of available-for-sale debt securities were $9,294 (net of income tax benefit of $2,777). These unrealized losses are associated with the Company’s investments in mortgage-backed securities issued by GNMA and were caused by interest rate increases (See Note 4). The contractual cash flows of these securities are guaranteed by an agency of the U.S. government. Accordingly, it is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost bases of the Company's investments. The Company does not intend to sell the investments and it is not likely that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases. These net unrealized losses are reported as a separate component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
There were gross realized losses of $46 and $246 from available-for-sale debt securities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There were no gross realized gains from available-for-sale debt securities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Realized losses from available-for-sale debt securities, including amounts reclassified from accumulated comprehensive loss, are reflected in Net gain (loss) from investments on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
There were gross realized gains of $32 and gross realized losses of $10 from mutual funds and equities during the three months ended March 31, 2023. There were gross realized gains of $5 and gross realized losses of $579 from mutual funds and equities during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Gains and losses from mutual funds and equities are reflected in Net gain (loss) from investments on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Investments in Affiliated Funds
The Company has an investment in funds sponsored by LSV. The Company records this investment on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses from the change in fair value of these funds are recognized in Net gain (loss) from investments on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The funds had a fair value of $6,537 and $6,366 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company recognized unrealized gains of $171 and $354 during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, from the change in fair value of the funds.
Securities Owned
The Company’s broker-dealer subsidiary, SIDCO, has investments in U.S. government agency securities with maturity dates less than one year. These investments are reflected as Securities owned on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Due to specialized accounting practices applicable to investments by broker-dealers, the securities are reported at fair value and changes in fair value are recorded in current period earnings. The securities had a fair value of $31,779 and $32,148 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. There were no material net gains or losses related to the securities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
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Note 6. Line of Credit
The Company has a five-year $325,000 Credit Agreement (the Credit Facility) with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., and a syndicate of other lenders. The Credit Facility is scheduled to expire in April 2026, at which time any aggregate principal amount of loans outstanding becomes payable in full. Any borrowings made under the Credit Facility will accrue interest at rates that, at the Company's option, are based on a base rate (the Base Rate) plus a premium that can range from 0.25% to 1.00% or the London InterBank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a premium that can range from 1.25% to 2.00% depending on the Company’s Leverage Ratio (a ratio of consolidated indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA for the four preceding fiscal quarters, all as defined in the related agreement). The Base Rate is defined as the highest of a) the Federal Funds Rate, as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, plus 0.50%, b) the prime commercial lending rate of Wells Fargo, c) the applicable LIBOR plus 1.00%, or d) 0%. The Credit Facility includes fallback language clearly defining an alternative reference rate which provides for specified replacement rates, including the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), upon a LIBOR cessation event.
The Company also pays quarterly commitment fees based on the unused portion of the Credit Facility. The quarterly fees for the Credit Facility can range from 0.15% of the amount of the unused portion to 0.30%, depending on the Company’s Leverage Ratio. Certain wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company have guaranteed the obligations of the Company under the agreement. The aggregate amount of the Credit Facility may be increased by an additional $100,000 under certain conditions set forth in the agreement. The Company may issue up to $15,000 in letters of credit under the terms of the Credit Facility. The Company pays a periodic commission fee of 1.25% plus an issuance fee of 0.20% of the aggregate face amount of the outstanding letters of credit issued under the Credit Facility.
The Credit Facility contains covenants with restrictions on the ability of the Company to do transactions with affiliates other than wholly-owned subsidiaries or to incur liens or certain types of indebtedness as defined in the agreement. In the event of a default under the Credit Facility, the Company would also be restricted from paying dividends on, or repurchasing, its common stock without the approval of the lenders. Upon the occurrence of certain financial or economic events, significant corporate events, or certain other events of default constituting an event of default under the Credit Facility, all loans outstanding may be declared immediately due and payable and all commitments under the agreement may be terminated.
The Company was in compliance with all covenants of the Credit Facility during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
On April 17, 2023, the Company and the lenders amended the Credit Facility to add SOFR as an alternative reference rate for borrowings in place of LIBOR. All other terms and conditions of the original agreement remain in effect.
As of April 18, 2023, the Company had outstanding letters of credit of $4,866 under the Credit Facility. These letters of credit were issued primarily for the expansion of the Company's headquarters and are scheduled to expire during 2023. The amount of the Credit Facility that is available for general corporate purposes as of April 18, 2023 was $320,134.
Note 7. Shareholders’ Equity
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has only non-qualified stock options and restricted stock units outstanding under its equity compensation plans. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense in its Consolidated Financial Statements in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense | $ | 8,074 |  |  | $ | 10,566 |  |  |  |  |
Less: Deferred tax benefit | (1,492) |  |  | (2,096) |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax | $ | 6,582 |  |  | $ | 8,470 |  |  |  |  |

All outstanding stock options have performance-based vesting provisions specific to each option grant that tie the vesting of the applicable stock options to the Company’s financial performance. The Company’s stock options vest at a rate of 50% when a specified financial vesting target is achieved, and the remaining 50% when a second, higher specified financial vesting target is achieved. Options vest as a result of achievement of the financial vesting targets. Options granted in December 2017 and thereafter include a service condition which requires a minimum two or four year waiting period from the grant date along with the attainment of the applicable financial vesting target. The targets are measured annually on December 31. The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized in the period is based upon management’s estimate of when the financial vesting targets may be achieved. Any change in management’s estimate could result in the remaining amount of stock-based compensation expense to be accelerated, spread out over a longer
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period, or reversed. This may cause volatility in the recognition of stock-based compensation expense in future periods and could materially affect the Company’s earnings.
The Company revised its estimate of when some vesting targets are expected to be achieved. This change in management's estimate resulted in a decrease of $694 in stock-based compensation expense during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
As of March 31, 2023, there was approximately $111,182 of unrecognized compensation cost remaining related to unvested employee stock options and restricted stock units that management expects will vest and is being amortized.
The Company issues new common shares associated with the exercise of stock options. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $6,564. The total options exercisable as of March 31, 2023 had an intrinsic value of $57,295. The total intrinsic value for options exercisable is calculated as the difference between the market value of the Company’s common stock as of March 31, 2023 and the weighted average exercise price of the options. The market value of the Company’s common stock as of March 31, 2023 was $57.55 as reported by the Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC. The weighted average exercise price of the options exercisable as of March 31, 2023 was $52.97. Total options that were outstanding as of March 31, 2023 were 18,001,000. Total options that were exercisable as of March 31, 2023 were 8,599,000.
Common Stock Buyback
The Company’s Board of Directors, under multiple authorizations, has authorized the repurchase of common stock on the open market or through private transactions. The Company purchased 1,361,000 shares at a total cost of $80,332 during the three months ended March 31, 2023, which reduced the total shares outstanding of common stock. The cost of stock purchases during the period includes the cost of certain transactions that settled in the following quarter. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $12,516 of authorization remaining for the purchase of common stock under the program. On April 18, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors approved an increase in the stock repurchase program by an additional $250,000, increasing the available authorization to approximately $262,516
The Company immediately retires its common stock when purchased. Upon retirement, the Company reduces Capital in excess of par value for the average capital per share outstanding and the remainder is charged against Retained earnings. If the Company reduces its Retained earnings to zero, any subsequent purchases of common stock will be charged entirely to Capital in excess of par value.
Note 8. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, are as follows:

| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance, January 1, 2023 | $ | (39,673) |  |  | $ | (9,294) |  |  | $ | (48,967) |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 3,067 |  |  | 1,287 |  |  | 4,354 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | 35 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income | 3,067 |  |  | 1,322 |  |  | 4,389 |
Balance, March 31, 2023 | $ | (36,606) |  |  | $ | (7,972) |  |  | $ | (44,578) |

Note 9. Business Segment Information
The Company’s reportable business segments are:
Private Banks – Provides outsourced investment processing and investment management platforms to banks and trust institutions, independent wealth advisers and financial advisors worldwide;
Investment Advisors – Provides investment management and investment processing platforms to affluent investors through a network of independent registered investment advisors, financial planners and other investment professionals in the United States;
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Institutional Investors – Provides Outsourced Chief Investment Officer and Enhanced Chief Investment Officer solutions, including investment management and administrative outsourcing platforms to retirement plan sponsors, healthcare systems, higher education and other not-for-profit organizations worldwide;
Investment Managers – Provides investment operations outsourcing platforms to fund companies, banking institutions, traditional and non-traditional investment managers worldwide and family offices in the United States; and
Investments in New Businesses – Focuses on providing investment management solutions to ultra-high-net-worth families residing in the United States; developing network and data protection services; modularizing larger technology platforms; entering new markets; and conducting other research and development activities.
The information in the following tables is derived from internal financial reporting used for corporate management purposes. There are no inter-segment revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Assets are not allocated to segments for internal reporting purposes. The accounting policies of the reportable business segments are the same as those described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The following tables highlight certain financial information about each of the business segments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

| Private Banks |  | Investment Advisors |  | Institutional Investors |  | Investment Managers |  | Investments In New Businesses |  | Total
| For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Revenues | $ | 122,603 |  |  | $ | 106,538 |  |  | $ | 74,290 |  |  | $ | 160,686 |  |  | $ | 5,002 |  |  | $ | 469,119 |
Expenses | 114,276 |  |  | 63,546 |  |  | 40,868 |  |  | 105,866 |  |  | 11,644 |  |  | 336,200 |
Operating profit (loss) | $ | 8,327 |  |  | $ | 42,992 |  |  | $ | 33,422 |  |  | $ | 54,820 |  |  | $ | (6,642) |  |  | $ | 132,919 |

| Private Banks |  | Investment Advisors |  | Institutional Investors |  | Investment Managers |  | Investments In New Businesses |  | Total
| For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Revenues | $ | 213,548 |  |  | $ | 119,230 |  |  | $ | 86,839 |  |  | $ | 156,901 |  |  | $ | 4,925 |  |  | $ | 581,443 |
Expenses | 121,955 |  |  | 64,520 |  |  | 45,358 |  |  | 98,837 |  |  | 11,950 |  |  | 342,620 |
Operating profit (loss) | $ | 91,593 |  |  | $ | 54,710 |  |  | $ | 41,481 |  |  | $ | 58,064 |  |  | $ | (7,025) |  |  | $ | 238,823 |

A reconciliation of the total operating profit reported for the business segments to income from operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

| 2023 |  | 2022
Total operating profit from segments | $ | 132,919 |  |  | $ | 238,823 |
Corporate overhead expenses | (31,152) |  |  | (24,024) |
Income from operations | $ | 101,767 |  |  | $ | 214,799 |

The following tables provide additional information for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 pertaining to the business segments:

| Capital Expenditures (1) |  | Depreciation
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Private Banks | $ | 9,071 |  |  | $ | 7,222 |  |  | $ | 5,354 |  |  | $ | 5,106 |
Investment Advisors | 4,339 |  |  | 3,027 |  |  | 468 |  |  | 456 |
Institutional Investors | 648 |  |  | 949 |  |  | 282 |  |  | 289 |
Investment Managers | 4,606 |  |  | 4,024 |  |  | 2,155 |  |  | 2,020 |
Investments in New Businesses | 342 |  |  | 205 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 44 |
Total from business segments | $ | 19,006 |  |  | $ | 15,427 |  |  | $ | 8,327 |  |  | $ | 7,915 |
Corporate overhead | 615 |  |  | 445 |  |  | 204 |  |  | 183 |
| $ | 19,621 |  |  | $ | 15,872 |  |  | $ | 8,531 |  |  | $ | 8,098 |

(1) Capital expenditures include additions to property and equipment and capitalized software.
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| Amortization
| 2023 |  | 2022
Private Banks | $ | 4,646 |  |  | $ | 8,539 |
Investment Advisors | 1,818 |  |  | 3,233 |
Institutional Investors | 1,824 |  |  | 2,283 |
Investment Managers | 927 |  |  | 2,576 |
Investments in New Businesses | 145 |  |  | 185 |
Total from business segments | $ | 9,360 |  |  | $ | 16,816 |
Corporate overhead | 64 |  |  | 71 |
| $ | 9,424 |  |  | $ | 16,887 |

Note 10. Income Taxes
The gross liability for unrecognized tax benefits at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $15,984 and $15,204, respectively, exclusive of interest and penalties, of which $15,299 and $14,431 would affect the effective tax rate if the Company were to recognize the tax benefit.
The Company classifies interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the combined amount of accrued interest and penalties related to tax positions taken on tax returns was $1,344 and $1,118, respectively.

| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Gross liability for unrecognized tax benefits, exclusive of interest and penalties | $ | 15,984 |  |  | $ | 15,204 |
Interest and penalties on unrecognized benefits | 1,344 |  |  | 1,118 |
Total gross uncertain tax positions | $ | 17,328 |  |  | $ | 16,322 |
Amount included in Current liabilities | $ | 4,133 |  |  | $ | 4,065 |
Amount included in Other long-term liabilities | 13,195 |  |  | 12,257 |
| $ | 17,328 |  |  | $ | 16,322 |

The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 differs from the federal income tax statutory rate due to the following:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Statutory rate |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  |  |  |
State taxes, net of federal tax benefit |  | 2.9 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  |  |
Foreign tax expense and tax rate differential |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  |  |  |
Tax benefit from stock option exercises |  | (0.2) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  |  |  |
Other, net |  | — |  |  | (0.3) |  |  |  |  |
|  | 23.6 | % |  | 23.1 | % |  |  |  |

The increase in the Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to decreased tax benefits related to the lower volume of stock option exercises and a decrease in credits associated with research and development as compared to the prior year period.
The Company files income tax returns in the United States on a consolidated basis and in many U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is subject to examination of income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and other domestic and foreign tax authorities. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examination for
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years before 2019 and is no longer subject to state, local or foreign income tax examinations by authorities for years before 2015.
The Company estimates it will recognize $4,133 of gross unrecognized tax benefits. This amount is expected to be paid within one year or to be removed at the expiration of the statute of limitations and resolution of income tax audits and is netted against the current payable account. These unrecognized tax benefits are related to tax positions taken on certain federal, state, and foreign tax returns. However, the timing of the resolution of income tax examinations is highly uncertain, and the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of the issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued for each year. While it is reasonably possible that some issues under examination could be resolved in the next twelve months, based upon the current facts and circumstances, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the timing of such resolution or the total range of potential changes as it relates to the current unrecognized tax benefits that are recorded as part of the Company’s financial statements.
Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, the Company from time to time enters into contracts containing indemnification obligations of the Company. These obligations may require the Company to make payments to another party upon the occurrence of certain events including the failure by the Company to meet its performance obligations under the contract. These contractual indemnification provisions are often standard contractual terms of the nature customarily found in the type of contracts entered into by the Company. In many cases, there are no stated or notional amounts included in the indemnification provisions. There are no amounts reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 related to these indemnifications.
Legal Proceedings
The Company is party to various actions and claims arising in the normal course of business that the Company does not believe are material. The Company believes that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or the manner in which the Company conducts its business. Currently, the Company does not believe the amount of losses associated with these matters can be estimated. While the Company does not believe that the amount of such losses will, when liquidated or estimable, be material to its financial position, the assumptions may be incorrect and any such loss could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations or the manner in which the Company conducts its business in the period(s) during which the underlying matters are resolved.
Note 12. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of the Company's goodwill by segment are as follows:

|  | Institutional Investors |  | Investment Managers |  | Investments in New Businesses |  | Total
Balance, December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 47,108 |  |  | $ | 56,992 |  |  | $ | 11,499 |  |  | $ | 115,599 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Balance, March 31, 2023 |  | $ | 47,108 |  |  | $ | 56,995 |  |  | $ | 11,499 |  |  | $ | 115,602 |

In April 2018, the Company acquired all ownership interests of Huntington Steele, LLC (Huntington Steele). The total purchase price for Huntington Steele included a contingent purchase price payable to the sellers which is determined at various intervals occurring between 2019 and 2023. The Company made payments of $904 and $868 during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to the sellers. As of March 31, 2023, the remaining amount of the contingent consideration of $8,777 is included in Accrued liabilities on the accompanying Balance Sheet. Beginning in April 2023, the Company or the sellers can demand immediate payment of the contingent consideration. As of April 18, 2023, neither party has invoked the demand for payment of the contingent consideration.
The Company recognized $3,055 and $3,253 of amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Note 13. Revenues from Contracts with Customers
The Company’s principal sources of revenues are: (1) asset management, administration and distribution fees primarily earned based upon a contractual percentage of net assets under management or administration; and (2) information processing and software servicing fees that are either recurring and primarily earned based upon the number of trust
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accounts being serviced or a percentage of the market value of the clients' assets processed on the Company's platforms, or non-recurring and based upon project-oriented contractual agreements related to client implementations.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following tables provide additional information pertaining to our revenues disaggregated by major product line and primary geographic market based on the location of the use of the products or services for each of the business segments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

| Private Banks |  | Investment Advisors |  | Institutional Investors |  | Investment Managers |  | Investments In New Businesses |  | Total
Major Product Lines: | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Investment management fees from pooled investment products | $ | 32,221 |  |  | $ | 60,605 |  |  | $ | 11,283 |  |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | 338 |  |  | $ | 104,573 |
Investment management fees from investment management agreements | 486 |  |  | 40,666 |  |  | 58,935 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,217 |  |  | 104,304 |
Investment operations fees | 346 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 147,194 |  |  | — |  |  | 147,540 |
Investment processing fees - PaaS | 57,585 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57,585 |
Investment processing fees - SaaS | 26,817 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,651 |  |  | 4,121 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,589 |
Professional services fees | 4,086 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,514 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,600 |
Account fees and other | 1,062 |  |  | 5,267 |  |  | 1,421 |  |  | 7,731 |  |  | 447 |  |  | 15,928 |
Total revenues | $ | 122,603 |  |  | $ | 106,538 |  |  | $ | 74,290 |  |  | $ | 160,686 |  |  | $ | 5,002 |  |  | $ | 469,119 |
Primary Geographic Markets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 80,170 |  |  | $ | 106,538 |  |  | $ | 62,218 |  |  | $ | 146,272 |  |  | $ | 5,002 |  |  | $ | 400,200 |
United Kingdom | 27,846 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,095 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,941 |
Canada | 10,090 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,369 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,459 |
Ireland | 4,497 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,608 |  |  | 9,025 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,130 |
Luxembourg | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,389 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,389 |
Total revenues | $ | 122,603 |  |  | $ | 106,538 |  |  | $ | 74,290 |  |  | $ | 160,686 |  |  | $ | 5,002 |  |  | $ | 469,119 |

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| Private Banks |  | Investment Advisors |  | Institutional Investors |  | Investment Managers |  | Investments In New Businesses |  | Total
Major Product Lines: | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Investment management fees from pooled investment products | $ | 33,118 |  |  | $ | 71,993 |  |  | $ | 13,866 |  |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 367 |  |  | $ | 119,428 |
Investment management fees from investment management agreements | 255 |  |  | 42,008 |  |  | 68,460 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,126 |  |  | 114,849 |
Investment operations fees | 360 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 145,379 |  |  | — |  |  | 145,739 |
Investment processing fees - PaaS | 56,455 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,455 |
Investment processing fees - SaaS | 29,559 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,110 |  |  | 3,658 |  |  | — |  |  | 36,327 |
Professional services fees (1) | 92,729 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 389 |  |  | — |  |  | 93,118 |
Account fees and other | 1,072 |  |  | 5,229 |  |  | 1,403 |  |  | 7,391 |  |  | 432 |  |  | 15,527 |
Total revenues | $ | 213,548 |  |  | $ | 119,230 |  |  | $ | 86,839 |  |  | $ | 156,901 |  |  | $ | 4,925 |  |  | $ | 581,443 |
Primary Geographic Markets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 80,886 |  |  | $ | 119,230 |  |  | $ | 70,563 |  |  | $ | 144,025 |  |  | $ | 4,925 |  |  | $ | 419,629 |
United Kingdom | 116,663 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,749 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 129,412 |
Canada | 11,800 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,242 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,042 |
Ireland | 4,199 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,167 |  |  | 9,822 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,188 |
Luxembourg | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 3,054 |  |  |  |  | 3,054 |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 118 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 118 |
Total revenues | $ | 213,548 |  |  | $ | 119,230 |  |  | $ | 86,839 |  |  | $ | 156,901 |  |  | $ | 4,925 |  |  | $ | 581,443 |

(1) Professional services fees of the Private Banks segment includes one-time early termination fees of $88,000 related to a contractual agreement with a significant client of the Company. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 606, the entire amount of the fees received were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2022 as there were no future performance obligations of the Company related to the agreement upon termination.

Investment management fees from pooled investment products - Revenues associated with clients' assets invested in Company-sponsored pooled investment products. Contractual fees are stated as a percentage of the market value of assets under management and collected on a monthly basis. Revenues are recognized in Asset management, administration and distribution fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Investment management fees from investment management agreements - Revenues based on assets of clients of the Institutional Investors segment primarily invested in Company-sponsored products. Each client is charged an investment management fee that is stated as a percentage of the market value of all assets under management. The client is billed directly on a quarterly basis. Revenues are recognized in Asset management, administration and distribution fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Revenues associated with the separately managed account program offered through registered investment advisors located throughout the United States. The contractual fee is stated as a percentage of the market value of all assets invested in the separately managed account and collected on a quarterly basis. Revenues are recognized in Asset management, administration and distribution fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Investment operations fees - Revenues earned from accounting and administrative services, distribution support services and regulatory and compliance services to investment management firms and family offices. The Company contracts directly with the investment management firm or family office. The contractual fees are stated as a percentage of net assets under administration and billed when asset valuations are finalized. Revenues are recognized in Asset management, administration and distribution fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Investment processing fees - Platform as a Service - Revenues associated with clients that outsource their entire investment operation and back-office processing functions. Through the use of the Company's proprietary platforms, the Company assumes all back-office investment processing services including investment processing, custody and safekeeping of assets, income collections, securities settlement and other related trust activities. The contractual fee is based on a monthly fee plus additional fees determined on a per-account or per-transaction basis. Contractual fees can
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also be stated as a percentage of the value of assets processed on the Company's platforms each month as long as the fee is in excess of a monthly contractual minimum. The client is billed directly on a monthly basis. Revenues are recognized in Information processing and software servicing fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Investment processing fees - Software as a Service - Revenues associated with clients of the Private Banks segment for application software services. Clients retain responsibility for all investment operations, client administration and other back-office trust operations. The contractual fee is based on a monthly fee plus additional fees determined on a per-account or per-transaction basis. The client is billed directly on a monthly basis.
Revenues associated with clients of the Investment Managers segment processed on the Archway Platform SM are fees for hosted technology services to family offices and financial institutions. The Archway Platform is an integrated technology platform used for investment, operations, accounting and client reporting by these institutions. The contractual fee is based on a monthly subscription fee to access the Archway Platform along with additional fees on a per transaction basis.
Revenues associated with clients of the Institutional Investors segment processed on the SEI Novus SM portfolio intelligence tool are fees for data management, performance measurement, reporting, and risk analytics. The contractual fee is based on a fixed fee to access SEI Novus and includes fees for integration of historical fund data and custom reporting.
All revenues from investment processing fees are recognized in Information processing and software servicing fees on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Professional services fees - Revenues associated with the business services migration for investment processing clients of the Private Banks segment and investment operations clients of the Investment Managers segment. In addition, Professional services include other services such as business transformation consulting. Typically, fees are stated as a contractual fixed fee. The client is billed directly and fees are collected according to the terms of the agreement..
Account fees and other - Revenues associated with custody account servicing, account terminations, reimbursements received for out-of-pocket expenses, and other fees for the provision of ancillary services.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
(In thousands, except asset balances and per share data)
This discussion reviews and analyzes the consolidated financial condition, the consolidated results of operations and other key factors that may affect future performance. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Overview
Consolidated Summary
SEI delivers technology and investment solutions that connect the financial services industry. With capabilities across investment processing, operations, and asset management, SEI works with corporations, financial institutions and professionals, and ultra-high-net-worth families to solve problems, manage change, and help protect assets for growth today and in the future. Investment processing fees are earned as either monthly fees for contracted services or as a percentage of the market value of our clients' assets processed on our platforms. Investment operations and investment management fees are earned as a percentage of assets under management, administration or advised assets. As of March 31, 2023, through our subsidiaries and partnerships in which we have a significant interest, we manage, advise or administer $1.3 trillion in hedge, private equity, mutual fund and pooled or separately managed assets.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Percent Change* |  |  |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 469,119 |  |  | $ | 581,443 |  |  | (19)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Expenses | 367,352 |  |  | 366,644 |  |  | —% |  |  |  |  |  |
Income from operations | 101,767 |  |  | 214,799 |  |  | (53)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gain (loss) from investments | 744 |  |  | (489) |  |  | NM |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income, net of interest expense | 8,637 |  |  | 598 |  |  | NM |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity in earnings from unconsolidated affiliate | 28,879 |  |  | 32,459 |  |  | (11)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Income before income taxes | 140,027 |  |  | 247,367 |  |  | (43)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Income taxes | 33,012 |  |  | 57,059 |  |  | (42)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | 107,015 |  |  | 190,308 |  |  | (44)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 0.79 |  |  | $ | 1.36 |  |  | (42)% |  |  |  |  |  |

* Variances noted "NM" indicate the percent change is not meaningful.
The following items had a significant impact on our financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:
•Revenue from Information processing and software servicing fees decreased in the first three months of 2023 primarily from one-time early termination fees of $88.0 million from a significant client of the Private Banks segment recorded during the first quarter 2022.
•Revenue from Asset management, administration and distribution fees decreased in the first three months of 2023 primarily from lower assets under management in equity and fixed income programs from market depreciation during 2022 and negative cash flows from SEI fund programs due to client losses in the Investment Advisors and Institutional Investors segments.The improvement in market conditions and positive cash flows into separately managed account programs and Strategist programs of the Investment Advisors segment during the first quarter 2023 partially offset the decline in revenues. Average assets under management in equity and fixed income programs, excluding LSV, decreased $26.7 billion, or 14%, to $167.8 billion in the first three months of 2023 as compared to $194.5 billion during the first three months of 2022.
•Revenue from Asset management, administration and distribution fees increased from existing alternative investment clients of the Investment Managers segment due to new products and additional services. The decrease in average assets under administration reflect a loss of a significant client in 2022 which was not charged asset-based fees.
•Earnings from LSV decreased to $28.9 million in the first three months of 2023 as compared to $32.5 million in the first three months of 2022 due to negative cash flows from existing clients, client losses and market depreciation.
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•Operating expenses increased from higher personnel costs due to business growth and competitive labor markets. Operational expenses also increased due to personnel costs and investments in compliance infrastructure to meet new regulatory requirements. The increase was partially offset by lower direct costs related to asset management revenues and lower amortization expense.
•Capitalized software development costs were $9.0 million in the first three months of 2023, of which $4.7 million was for continued enhancements to SWP. We also capitalized $4.3 million of software development costs in the first three months of 2023 for a new platform for the Investment Managers segment.
•Amortization expense related to SWP was $6.2 million in the first three months of 2023 as compared to $12.1 million in the first three months of 2022. The decline in amortization expense was due to the amortization period of the initial development costs related to SWP which ended in second-quarter 2022.
•Interest and dividend income was $8.8 million in the first three months of 2023 as compared to $848 thousand in the first three months of 2022. The increase in interest and dividend income was due to an overall increase in interest rates.
•We continued the stock repurchase program during 2023 and purchased 1.4 million shares for $80.3 million in the three month period.
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Ending Asset Balances
(In millions)

| As of March 31, |  | Percent Change
| 2023 |  | 2022 |
Private Banks: |  |  |  |  |
Equity and fixed-income programs | $ | 23,653 |  |  | $ | 25,335 |  |  | (7)%
Collective trust fund programs | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | (14)%
Liquidity funds | 3,427 |  |  | 4,225 |  |  | (19)%
Total assets under management | $ | 27,086 |  |  | $ | 29,567 |  |  | (8)%
Client assets under administration | 4,299 |  |  | 4,449 |  |  | (3)%
Total assets | $ | 31,385 |  |  | $ | 34,016 |  |  | (8)%
Investment Advisors: |  |  |  |  |
Equity and fixed-income programs | $ | 68,065 |  |  | $ | 77,614 |  |  | (12)%
Liquidity funds | 4,965 |  |  | 4,610 |  |  | 8%
Total Platform assets under management | $ | 73,030 |  |  | $ | 82,224 |  |  | (11)%
Platform-only assets | 14,980 |  |  | 14,151 |  |  | 6%
Total Platform assets | $ | 88,010 |  |  | $ | 96,375 |  |  | (9)%
Institutional Investors: |  |  |  |  |
Equity and fixed-income programs | $ | 74,939 |  |  | $ | 87,358 |  |  | (14)%
Collective trust fund programs | 4 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (33)%
Liquidity funds | 1,576 |  |  | 2,150 |  |  | (27)%
Total assets under management | $ | 76,519 |  |  | $ | 89,514 |  |  | (15)%
Client assets under advisement | 4,559 |  |  | 4,778 |  |  | (5)%
Total assets | $ | 81,078 |  |  | $ | 94,292 |  |  | (14)%
Investment Managers: |  |  |  |  |
Collective trust fund programs (A) | $ | 146,176 |  |  | $ | 85,411 |  |  | 71%
Liquidity funds | 203 |  |  | 284 |  |  | (29)%
Total assets under management | $ | 146,379 |  |  | $ | 85,695 |  |  | 71%
Client assets under administration | 845,828 |  |  | 895,181 |  |  | (6)%
Total assets | $ | 992,207 |  |  | $ | 980,876 |  |  | 1%
Investments in New Businesses: |  |  |  |  |
Equity and fixed-income programs | $ | 2,031 |  |  | $ | 2,057 |  |  | (1)%
Liquidity funds | 217 |  |  | 305 |  |  | (29)%
Total assets under management | $ | 2,248 |  |  | $ | 2,362 |  |  | (5)%
Client assets under advisement | 1,081 |  |  | 1,401 |  |  | (23)%
Total assets | $ | 3,329 |  |  | $ | 3,763 |  |  | (12)%
LSV: |  |  |  |  |
Equity and fixed-income programs (B) | $ | 84,964 |  |  | $ | 95,962 |  |  | (11)%

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Total: |  |  |  |  |
Equity and fixed-income programs (C) | $ | 253,652 |  |  | $ | 288,326 |  |  | (12)%
Collective trust fund programs | 146,186 |  |  | 85,424 |  |  | 71%
Liquidity funds | 10,388 |  |  | 11,574 |  |  | (10)%
Total assets under management | $ | 410,226 |  |  | $ | 385,324 |  |  | 6%
Client assets under advisement | 5,640 |  |  | 6,179 |  |  | (9)%
Client assets under administration (D) | 850,127 |  |  | 899,630 |  |  | (6)%
Platform-only assets | 14,980 |  |  | 14,151 |  |  | 6%
Total assets | $ | 1,280,973 |  |  | $ | 1,305,284 |  |  | (2)%

(A)Collective trust fund program assets are included in assets under management since SEI is the trustee. Fees earned on this product are less than fees earned on customized asset management programs.
(B) Equity and fixed-income programs include $2.0 billion of assets managed by LSV in which fees are based solely on performance and are not calculated as an asset-based fee (as of March 31, 2023).
(C) Equity and fixed-income programs include $6.3 billion of assets invested in various asset allocation funds at March 31, 2023.
(D) In addition to the assets presented, SEI also administers an additional $12.1 billion in Funds of Funds assets on which SEI does not earn an administration fee (as of March 31, 2023).
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Average Asset Balances
(In millions)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Percent Change |  |  |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |
Private Banks: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity and fixed-income programs | $ | 23,576 |  |  | $ | 25,637 |  |  | (8)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Collective trust fund programs | 7 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 17% |  |  |  |  |  |
Liquidity funds | 3,253 |  |  | 4,403 |  |  | (26)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets under management | $ | 26,836 |  |  | $ | 30,046 |  |  | (11)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Client assets under administration | 4,316 |  |  | 4,500 |  |  | (4)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 31,152 |  |  | $ | 34,546 |  |  | (10)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment Advisors: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity and fixed-income programs | $ | 67,578 |  |  | $ | 77,576 |  |  | (13)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Liquidity funds | 4,995 |  |  | 5,151 |  |  | (3)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Platform assets under management | $ | 72,573 |  |  | $ | 82,727 |  |  | (12)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Platform-only assets | 14,812 |  |  | 13,978 |  |  | 6% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Platform assets | $ | 87,385 |  |  | $ | 96,705 |  |  | (10)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Institutional Investors: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity and fixed-income programs | $ | 74,653 |  |  | $ | 89,250 |  |  | (16)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Collective trust fund programs | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | —% |  |  |  |  |  |
Liquidity funds | 1,715 |  |  | 2,223 |  |  | (23)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets under management | $ | 76,373 |  |  | $ | 91,478 |  |  | (17)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Client assets under advisement | 4,431 |  |  | 4,889 |  |  | (9)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 80,804 |  |  | $ | 96,367 |  |  | (16)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment Managers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collective trust fund programs (A) | $ | 144,914 |  |  | $ | 86,633 |  |  | 67% |  |  |  |  |  |
Liquidity funds | 317 |  |  | 432 |  |  | (27)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets under management | $ | 145,231 |  |  | $ | 87,065 |  |  | 67% |  |  |  |  |  |
Client assets under administration | 836,410 |  |  | 888,854 |  |  | (6)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 981,641 |  |  | $ | 975,919 |  |  | 1% |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in New Businesses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity and fixed-income programs | $ | 1,991 |  |  | $ | 2,025 |  |  | (2)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Liquidity funds | 212 |  |  | 286 |  |  | (26)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets under management | $ | 2,203 |  |  | $ | 2,311 |  |  | (5)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Client assets under advisement | 1,098 |  |  | 1,397 |  |  | (21)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 3,301 |  |  | $ | 3,708 |  |  | (11)% |  |  |  |  |  |
LSV: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity and fixed-income programs (B) | $ | 86,987 |  |  | $ | 96,449 |  |  | (10)% |  |  |  |  |  |

27

Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity and fixed-income programs (C) | $ | 254,785 |  |  | $ | 290,937 |  |  | (12)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Collective trust fund programs | 144,926 |  |  | 86,644 |  |  | 67% |  |  |  |  |  |
Liquidity funds | 10,492 |  |  | 12,495 |  |  | (16)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets under management | $ | 410,203 |  |  | $ | 390,076 |  |  | 5% |  |  |  |  |  |
Client assets under advisement | 5,529 |  |  | 6,286 |  |  | (12)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Client assets under administration (D) | 840,726 |  |  | 893,354 |  |  | (6)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Platform-only assets | 14,812 |  |  | 13,978 |  |  | 6% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 1,271,270 |  |  | $ | 1,303,694 |  |  | (2)% |  |  |  |  |  |

(A) Collective trust fund program average assets are included in assets under management since SEI is the trustee. Fees earned on this product are less than fees earned on customized asset management programs.
(B) Equity and fixed-income programs include assets managed by LSV in which fees are based solely on performance and are not calculated as an asset-based fee. The average value of these assets for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $2.1 billion.
(C) Equity and fixed-income programs include $6.4 billion of average assets invested in various asset allocation funds for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
(D) In addition to the assets presented, SEI also administers an additional $12.3 billion of average assets in Funds of Funds assets for the three months ended March 31, 2023 on which SEI does not earn an administration fee.
In the preceding tables, assets under management are total assets of our clients or their customers invested in equity and fixed-income investment programs, collective trust fund programs, and liquidity funds for which we provide asset management services through our subsidiaries and partnerships in which we have a significant interest. Assets under advisement include assets for which we provide advisory services through a subsidiary to the accounts but do not manage the underlying assets. Assets under administration include total assets of our clients or their customers for which we provide administrative services, including client fund balances for which we provide administration and/or distribution services through our subsidiaries and partnerships in which we have a significant interest. Platform-only assets include total assets of our clients or their customers which are not invested in any SEI-sponsored investment products. The assets presented in the preceding tables do not include assets processed on SWP and are not included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets because we do not own them.
28

Business Segments
Revenues, Expenses and Operating Profit (Loss) for our business segments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Percent Change |  |  |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |
Private Banks: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 122,603 |  |  | $ | 213,548 |  |  | (43)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Expenses | 114,276 |  |  | 121,955 |  |  | (6)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Profit | $ | 8,327 |  |  | $ | 91,593 |  |  | (91)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Margin | 7 | % |  | 43 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment Advisors: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 106,538 |  |  | $ | 119,230 |  |  | (11)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Expenses | 63,546 |  |  | 64,520 |  |  | (2)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Profit | $ | 42,992 |  |  | $ | 54,710 |  |  | (21)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Margin | 40 | % |  | 46 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Institutional Investors: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 74,290 |  |  | $ | 86,839 |  |  | (14)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Expenses | 40,868 |  |  | 45,358 |  |  | (10)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Profit | $ | 33,422 |  |  | $ | 41,481 |  |  | (19)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Margin | 45 | % |  | 48 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment Managers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 160,686 |  |  | $ | 156,901 |  |  | 2% |  |  |  |  |  |
Expenses | 105,866 |  |  | 98,837 |  |  | 7% |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Profit | $ | 54,820 |  |  | $ | 58,064 |  |  | (6)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Margin | 34 | % |  | 37 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in New Businesses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 5,002 |  |  | $ | 4,925 |  |  | 2% |  |  |  |  |  |
Expenses | 11,644 |  |  | 11,950 |  |  | (3)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Loss | $ | (6,642) |  |  | $ | (7,025) |  |  | NM |  |  |  |  |  |

For additional information pertaining to our business segments, see Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
29

Private Banks

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Percent Change |  |  |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Information processing and software servicing fees | $ | 89,978 |  |  | $ | 181,037 |  |  | (50)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset management, administration & distribution fees | 32,625 |  |  | 32,511 |  |  | —% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenues | $ | 122,603 |  |  | $ | 213,548 |  |  | (43)% |  |  |  |  |  |

Revenues decreased $90.9 million, or 43%, in the three month period ended March 31, 2023 and were primarily affected by:
•One-time early termination fees of $88.0 million from a significant investment processing client recorded during the first quarter 2022;
•The negative impact from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations between the U.S. dollar and the British pound on our foreign operations;
•A negative adjustment to fees from an investment processing client which reduced their business processed through divestment; and
•Lower investment processing fees from the recontacting of existing clients during the first quarter 2023; partially offset by
•Increased investment processing fees from new client conversions; and
•Increased revenues from U.K. clients impacted by increased interest rates.
Operating margins decreased to 7% compared to 43% in the three month period. Operating income decreased by $83.3 million, or 91%, in the three month period and was primarily affected by:
•A decrease in revenues;
•Increased personnel costs due to competitive labor markets; and
•Increased costs, mainly personnel costs, primarily related to maintenance, support and client migrations to SWP; partially offset by
•Decreased amortization expense related to deferred sales commissions.
Investment Advisors

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Percent Change |  |  |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment management fees-SEI fund programs | $ | 60,605 |  |  | $ | 71,993 |  |  | (16)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Separately managed account fees | 40,666 |  |  | 42,008 |  |  | (3)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Other fees | 5,267 |  |  | 5,229 |  |  | 1% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total revenues | $ | 106,538 |  |  | $ | 119,230 |  |  | (11)% |  |  |  |  |  |

Revenues decreased $12.7 million, or 11%, in the three month period ended March 31, 2023 and were primarily affected by:
•Decreased investment management fees from SEI fund programs resulting from market depreciation and client losses during 2022 along with a continued shift out of SEI fund programs into separately managed accounts; and
•Decreased separately managed account program fees from market depreciation during 2022; partially offset by
•Increased fees from separately managed account programs and Strategist programs from positive cash flows.
30

Operating margin decreased to 40% compared to 46% in the three month period. Operating income decreased $11.7 million, or 21%, in the three month period and was primarily affected by:
•A decrease in revenues; and
•Increased personnel costs; partially offset by
•Decreased direct expenses associated with investment management fees; and
•Decreased direct expenses related to a significant client loss during the third quarter 2022.
Institutional Investors
Revenues decreased $12.5 million, or 14%, in the three month period ended March 31, 2023 and were primarily affected by:
•Decreased investment management fees from defined benefit client losses and market depreciation during 2022.
Operating margin decreased to 45% compared to 48% in the three month period. Operating income decreased $8.1 million, or 19%, in the three month period and was primarily affected by:
•A decrease in revenues; partially offset by
•Decreased direct expenses associated with investment management fees; and
•Decreased professional fees.
Investment Managers
Revenues increased $3.8 million, or 2%, in the three month period ended March 31, 2023 and were primarily affected by:
•Increased revenues from new products launched and additional services provided to our largest alternative fund clients; and
•Positive cash flows into alternative and traditional funds from new and existing clients; partially offset by
•Client losses, fund closures and the impact of market depreciation during 2022 to revenue from traditional fund clients.
Operating margin decreased to 34% compared to 37% in the three month period. Operating income decreased $3.2 million, or 6%, in the three month period and was primarily affected by:
•Increased personnel costs due to competitive labor markets; and
•Increased costs associated with new business, primarily personnel expenses and third-party vendor costs; partially offset by
•An increase in revenues; and
•Decreased non-capitalized investment spending, mainly consulting costs.
Other
Corporate overhead expenses
Corporate overhead expenses primarily consist of general and administrative expenses and other costs not directly attributable to a reportable business segment. Corporate overhead expenses were $31.2 million and $24.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in corporate overhead expenses is primarily due to higher personnel costs as a result of investments in compliance infrastructure to meet new regulatory requirements as well as increased consulting and professional fees.
Other income and expense
Other income and expense items on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations consist of:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Net gain (loss) from investments | $ | 744 |  |  | $ | (489) |  |  |  |  |
Interest and dividend income | 8,778 |  |  | 848 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (141) |  |  | (250) |  |  |  |  |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate | 28,879 |  |  | 32,459 |  |  |  |  |
Total other income and expense items, net | $ | 38,260 |  |  | $ | 32,568 |  |  |  |  |

31

Net gain (loss) from investments
Net gains from investments in the three months ended March 31, 2023 were primarily due to unrealized mark-to-market gains recorded in current earnings associated with Company-sponsored mutual funds and LSV-sponsored investment funds from market appreciation (See Note 5).
Interest and dividend income
Interest and dividend income is earned based upon the amount of cash that is invested daily. The increase in interest and dividend income in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was due to an overall increase in interest rates.
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate reflects our ownership interest in LSV. As of March 31, 2023, our total partnership interest in LSV was 38.6%. The table below presents the revenues and net income of LSV and the proportionate share in LSV's earnings.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Percent Change |  |  |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues of LSV | $ | 98,192 |  |  | $ | 108,450 |  |  | (9)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income of LSV | 74,774 |  |  | 83,791 |  |  | (11)% |  |  |  |  |  |
SEI's proportionate share in earnings of LSV | $ | 28,879 |  |  | $ | 32,459 |  |  | (11)% |  |  |  |  |  |

The decrease in earnings from LSV in the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to negative cash flows from existing clients, client losses and market depreciation. Average assets under management by LSV decreased $9.5 billion to $87.0 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $96.4 billion during the three months ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of 10%.
Amortization
Amortization expense on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations consists of:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Percent Change |  |  |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |
Capitalized software development costs | $ | 6,305 |  |  | $ | 13,554 |  |  | (53)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets acquired through acquisitions and asset purchases | 3,055 |  |  | 3,253 |  |  | (6)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Other | 64 |  | 80 |  | (20)% |  |  |  |  |  |
Total amortization expense | $ | 9,424 |  |  | $ | 16,887 |  |  | (44)% |  |  |  |  |  |

Capitalized software development costs
The decrease in amortization expense related to capitalized software development costs was primarily due to the amortization of the initial development costs for SWP during the three months ended March 31, 2022. The amortization period for these costs ended during the second quarter of 2022, resulting in a lower level of amortization expense for SWP beginning in the third quarter 2022 (See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Income Taxes
The effective income tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 differ from the federal income tax statutory rate due to the following:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Statutory rate | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  |  |  |
State taxes, net of federal tax benefit | 2.9 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  |  |
Foreign tax expense and tax rate differential | (0.1) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  |  |  |
Tax benefit from stock option exercises | (0.2) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  |  |  |
Other, net | — |  |  | (0.3) |  |  |  |  |
| 23.6 | % |  | 23.1 | % |  |  |  |

The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to decreased tax benefits related to stock option exercises and a decrease in credits associated with research and development as compared to the prior year period.
32

Stock-Based Compensation
We recognized $8.1 million and $10.6 million in stock-based compensation expense during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Stock-based compensation was impacted by a higher level of cancellations of stock options due to the departure of employees through the Voluntary Separation Program (VSP) and the departure of certain senior executives unrelated to the VSP. The higher level of cancellations resulted in a decrease in the amount of expense recognized during the first quarter 2023 as compared to the prior year period.
The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized is primarily based upon management's estimate of when the financial vesting targets of outstanding stock options may be achieved. Any change in the estimate could result in the amount of stock-based compensation expense to be accelerated, spread out over a longer period, or reversed. This may cause volatility in the recognition of stock-based compensation expense in future periods and could materially affect earnings.
We revised our estimate of when some vesting targets are expected to be achieved. This change in estimate resulted in a decrease of $694 thousand in stock-based compensation expense during the three months ended March 31, 2023. We expect to recognize approximately $27.8 million in stock-based compensation expense during the remainder of 2023.
Fair Value Measurements
The fair value of financial assets and liabilities, except for the investment funds sponsored by LSV, is determined in accordance with the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the investment funds sponsored by LSV is measured using the net asset value per share (NAV) as a practical expedient. The fair value of all other financial assets are determined using Level 1 or Level 2 inputs and consist mainly of investments in equity or fixed-income mutual funds that are quoted daily and Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) and other U.S. government agency securities that are single issuer pools that are valued based on current market data of similar assets. Level 3 financial liabilities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consist entirely of the estimated contingent consideration resulting from an acquisition (See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Regulatory Matters
Like many firms operating within the financial services industry, we are experiencing a complex and changing regulatory environment across our markets. Our current scale and reach as a provider to the financial services industry, the introduction and implementation of new solutions for our financial services industry clients, the increased regulatory oversight of the financial services industry generally, new laws and regulations affecting the financial services industry and ever-changing regulatory interpretations of existing laws and regulations, and a greater propensity of regulators to pursue enforcement actions and other sanctions against regulated entities, have made this an increasingly challenging and costly regulatory environment in which to operate.
SEI and some of our regulated subsidiaries have undergone or been scheduled to undergo a range of periodic or thematic reviews, examinations or investigations by numerous regulatory authorities around the world, including the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, the Financial Conduct Authority of the United Kingdom (FCA), the Central Bank of Ireland and others. These regulatory activities typically result in the identification of matters or practices to be addressed by us or our subsidiaries and, in certain circumstances, the regulatory authorities require remediation activities or pursue enforcement proceedings against us or our subsidiaries. From time to time, the regulators in different jurisdictions will elevate their level of scrutiny of our operations as our business expands or is deemed critical to the operations of the relevant financial markets. As described under the caption “Regulatory Considerations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, the range of possible sanctions that are available to regulatory authorities include limitations on our ability to engage in business for specified periods of time, the revocation of registration, censures and fines. The direct and indirect costs of responding to these regulatory activities and of complying with new or modified regulations, as well as the potential financial costs and potential reputational impact against us of any enforcement proceedings that might result, is uncertain but could have a material adverse impact on our operating results or financial position.
33

Liquidity and Capital Resources

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 114,364 |  |  | $ | 260,427 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (16,988) |  |  | (31,760) |
Net cash used in financing activities | (118,589) |  |  | (146,652) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 2,561 |  |  | (5,591) |
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (18,652) |  |  | 76,424 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 853,359 |  |  | 831,758 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 834,707 |  |  | $ | 908,182 |

The credit facility provides for borrowings up to $325.0 million and is scheduled to expire in April 2026 (See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). As of April 18, 2023, we had outstanding letters of credit of $4.9 million which reduced the amount available under the credit facility. These letters of credit were primarily issued for the expansion of the corporate headquarters and are due to expire in late 2023. As of April 18, 2023, the amount of the credit facility available for corporate purposes was $320.1 million.
The availability of the credit facility is subject to compliance with certain covenants set forth in the agreement. The credit facility contains covenants which restrict our ability to engage in transactions with affiliates other than wholly-owned subsidiaries or to incur liens or certain types of indebtedness as defined in the agreement. In the event of a default under the credit facility, we would also be restricted from paying dividends on, or repurchasing our common stock. Currently, our ability to borrow from the credit facility is not limited by any covenant of the agreement (See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
The credit facility agreement contains terms that utilize the London InterBank Offered Rate (LIBOR) as a potential component of the interest rate to be applied to any borrowings; however, an alternative reference rate is included under the agreement which provides for a specified replacement rate, including the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), upon a LIBOR cessation event. On April 17, 2023, we amended the credit facility agreement with the lenders to add SOFR as an alternative reference rate for borrowings in place of LIBOR. All other terms and conditions of the original agreement remain in effect.
The majority of excess cash reserves are primarily placed in accounts located in the United States that invest entirely in SEI-sponsored money market mutual funds denominated in the U.S. dollar. We also utilize demand deposit accounts or money market accounts at several large, well-established financial institutions located in the United States. The institutions we utilize have not indicated any stability issues regarding the ability to honor current or future deposit obligations to their customers. Accounts used to manage these excess cash reserves do not impose any restrictions or limitations that would prevent us from being able to access such cash amounts immediately. As of April 18, 2023, the amount of cash and cash equivalents considered free and immediately accessible for other general corporate purposes was $418.6 million.
Cash and cash equivalents include accounts managed by subsidiaries that are used in their operations or to cover specific business and regulatory requirements. The availability of this cash for other purposes beyond the operations of these subsidiaries may be limited. We therefore do not include accounts of foreign subsidiaries in the calculation of free and immediately accessible cash for other general corporate purposes. A portion of the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries are deemed repatriated. Any subsequent transfer of available cash related to the repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries could significantly increase free and immediately accessible cash.
Cash flows from operations decreased $146.1 million in the first three months of 2023 compared to the first three months of 2022 primarily from the decline in net income and the negative impact from the change in working capital accounts.
34

Net cash used in investing activities includes:
•Purchases, sales and maturities of marketable securities. Purchases, sales and maturities of marketable securities in the first three months of 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Purchases | $ | (21,777) |  |  | $ | (49,333) |
Sales and maturities | 28,387 |  |  | 35,445 |
Net investing activities from marketable securities | $ | 6,610 |  |  | $ | (13,888) |

See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to marketable securities.
•The capitalization of costs incurred in developing computer software. We capitalized $9.0 million of software development costs in the first three months of 2023 as compared to $6.6 million in the first three months of 2022. The majority of software development costs are related to significant enhancements for the expanded functionality of the SEI Wealth Platform. We also capitalized $4.3 million of software development costs in the first three months of 2023 for a new platform for the Investment Managers segment.
•Capital expenditures. Capital expenditures in the first three months of 2023 were $10.6 million as compared to $9.3 million in the first three months of 2022. Expenditures in 2023 and 2022 include capital outlays for purchased software and equipment for data center operations. We continue to evaluate improvements to our information technology infrastructure which, if implemented, will result in additional expenditures for purchased software and equipment for data center operations.
Net cash used in financing activities includes:
•Principal repayments on revolving credit facility. We made a principal payment of $10.0 million related to the credit facility during the three months of ended March 31, 2022. The remaining outstanding balance of the credit facility was fully repaid during the second quarter 2022.
•The repurchase of common stock. Our Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of common stock through multiple authorizations. Currently, there is no expiration date for the common stock repurchase program. We had total capital outlays of $81.2 million during the first three months of 2023 and $100.2 million during the first three months of 2022 for the repurchase of common stock.
•Proceeds from the issuance of common stock. We received $21.4 million and $19.9 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock during the first three months of 2023 and 2022, respectively. These proceeds were primarily from stock option exercise activity.
•Dividend payments. Cash dividends paid were $57.8 million in the first three months of 2023 as compared to $55.5 million in the first three months of 2022.
Cash Requirements
Cash requirements and liquidity needs are primarily funded through cash flow from operations and our capacity for additional borrowing. At March 31, 2023, unused sources of liquidity consisted of cash and cash equivalents and the amount available under our credit facility.
We are obligated to make payments in connection with the credit facility, operating leases, maintenance contracts and other commitments. We believe our operating cash flow, available borrowing capacity, and existing cash and cash equivalents will provide adequate funds for these obligations and ongoing operations. We currently anticipate that our available funds and cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet our operational cash needs and fund our stock repurchase program for at least the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future.
Forward-Looking Information and Risk Factors
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking statements. Certain information contained in this discussion is or may be considered forward-looking. Forward-looking statements relate to future operations, strategies, financial results or other developments. Forward-looking statements are based upon estimates and assumptions that involve certain risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control or are subject to change. Although we believe our assumptions are reasonable, they could be inaccurate. Our actual future revenues and income could differ materially from our expected results. We have no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.
35

Among the risks and uncertainties which may affect our future operations, strategies, financial results or other developments are those risks described in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K in Part I, Item 1A. These risks include the following:
•changes in capital markets and significant changes in the value of financial instruments that may affect our revenues and earnings;
•product development risk;
•risk of failure by a third-party service provider;
•pricing pressure from increased competition, disruptive technology and poor investment performance;
•the affect on our earnings and cashflows from the performance of LSV Asset Management;
•consolidation within our target markets;
•external factors affecting the fiduciary management market;
•software defects, development delays or installation difficulties, which would harm our business and reputation and expose us to potential liability;
•data and cyber security risks;
•risk of the disclosure and misuse of personal data;
•risk of outages, data losses, and disruptions of services;
•intellectual property risks;
•third-party service providers in our operations;
•poor investment performance of our investment products or a client preference for products other than those which we offer or for products that generate lower fees;
•investment advisory contracts which may be terminated or may not be renewed on favorable terms;
•operational risks associated with the processing of investment transactions;
•systems and technology risks;
•the affect of extensive governmental regulation;
•litigation and regulatory examinations and investigations;
•our ability to capture the expected value from acquisitions, divestitures, joint ventures, minority stakes or strategic alliances;
•increased costs and regulatory risks from the growth of our business;
•fiduciary or other legal liability for client losses from our investment management operations;
•our ability to receive dividends or other payments in needed amounts from our subsidiaries;
•the exit by the United Kingdom from the European Union;
•the effectiveness of our business, risk management and business continuity strategies, models and processes;
•financial and non-financial covenants which may restrict our ability to manage liquidity needs;
•changes in, or interpretation of, accounting principles or tax rules and regulations;
•fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;
•fluctuations in interest rates affecting the value of our fixed-income investment securities;
•disruptions of operations of other participants in the global financial system;
•our ability to hire and retain qualified employees;
•the competence and integrity of our employees and third-parties;
•stockholder activism efforts;
•retention of executive officers and senior management personnel;
•unforeseen or catastrophic events, including the emergence of pandemic, extreme weather events or other natural disasters; and
•geopolitical unrest and other events.
We conduct operations through many regulated wholly-owned subsidiaries. These subsidiaries include:
•SEI Investments Distribution Co., or SIDCO, a broker-dealer registered with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA;
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•SEI Investments Management Corporation, or SIMC, an investment advisor registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, or CFTC, under the Commodity Exchange Act;
•SEI Private Trust Company, or SPTC, a limited purpose federal thrift chartered and regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency;
•SEI Trust Company, or STC, a Pennsylvania trust company, regulated by the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities;
•SEI Institutional Transfer Agent, Inc., or SITA, a transfer agent registered with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;
•SEI Investments (Europe) Limited, or SIEL, an investment manager and financial institution subject to regulation by the Financial Conduct Authority of the United Kingdom;
•SEI Investments Canada Company, or SEI Canada, an investment fund manager that has various other capacities that is regulated by the Ontario Securities Commission and various provincial authorities;
•SEI Investments Global, Limited, or SIGL, a management company for Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities, or UCITS, and for Alternative Investment Funds, or AIFs, that is regulated primarily by the Central Bank of Ireland, or CBI;
•SEI Investments - Global Fund Services, Ltd., or GFSL, an authorized provider of administration services for Irish and non-Irish collective investment schemes that is regulated by the CBI;
•SEI Investments - Depositary and Custodial Services (Ireland) Limited, or D&C, an authorized provider of depositary and custodial services that is regulated by the CBI;
•SEI Investments - Luxembourg S.A., or SEI Lux, a professional of the specialized financial sector subject to regulation by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg;
•SEI Investments Global (Cayman), Ltd., a full mutual fund administrator that is regulated by the Cayman Island Monetary Authority; and
•SEI Investments (South Africa) (PTY) Limited, a Private Company that is a licensed Financial Service Provider regulated by the Financial Sector Conduct Authority.
In addition to the regulatory authorities listed above, our subsidiaries are subject to the jurisdiction of regulatory authorities in other foreign countries. In addition to our wholly-owned subsidiaries, we also own a minority interest of approximately 38.6% in LSV, which is also an investment advisor registered with the SEC.
The Company, its regulated subsidiaries, their regulated services and solutions and their customers are all subject to extensive legislation, regulation, and supervision that recently has been subject to, and continues to experience, significant change and increased regulatory activity. These changes and regulatory activities could have a material adverse effect on us and our clients.
The various governmental agencies and self-regulatory authorities that regulate or supervise the Company and its subsidiaries have broad administrative powers. In the event of a failure to comply with laws, regulations, and requirements of these agencies and authorities, the possible business process changes required or sanctions that may be imposed include the suspension of individual employees, limitations on our ability to engage in business for specified periods of time, the revocation of applicable registration as a broker-dealer, investment advisor or other regulated entity, and, as the case may be, censures and fines. Additionally, certain securities and banking laws applicable to us and our subsidiaries provide for certain private rights of action that could give rise to civil litigation. Any litigation could have significant financial and non-financial consequences including monetary judgments and the requirement to take action or limit activities that could ultimately affect our business.
Governmental scrutiny from regulators, legislative bodies, and law enforcement agencies with respect to matters relating to our regulated subsidiaries and their activities, services and solutions, our business practices, our past actions and other matters has increased dramatically in the past several years. Responding to these examinations, investigations, actions, and lawsuits, regardless of the ultimate outcome of the proceeding, is time consuming and expensive and can divert the time and effort of our senior management from our business. Penalties, fines and changes to business processes sought by regulatory authorities have increased substantially over the last several years, and certain regulators have been more likely in recent years to commence enforcement actions or to advance or support legislation targeted at the financial services industry. We continue to be subject to inquiries from examinations and investigations by supervisory and enforcement divisions of regulatory authorities and expect this to continue in the future. We believe this is also the case with many of our regulated clients. Governmental scrutiny and legal and enforcement proceedings can also have a negative impact on our reputation, our relationship with clients and prospective clients, and on the morale and performance of our employees, which could adversely affect our businesses and results of operations.
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We are subject to U.S. and foreign anti-money laundering and financial transparency laws that require implementation of regulations applicable to financial services companies, including standards for verifying client identification and monitoring client transactions and detecting and reporting suspicious activities. We offer investment and banking solutions that also are subject to regulation by the federal and state securities and banking authorities, as well as foreign regulatory authorities, where applicable. Existing or future regulations that affect these solutions could lead to a reduction in sales of these solutions or require modifications of these solutions.
We must comply with economic sanctions and embargo programs administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) and similar national and multinational bodies and governmental agencies outside the United States, as well as anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws and regulations throughout the world. We can incur higher costs and face greater compliance risks in structuring and operating our businesses to comply with these requirements. Furthermore, a violation of a sanction or embargo program or anti-corruption or anti-money laundering laws and regulations could subject us and our subsidiaries, and individual employees, to regulatory enforcement actions as well as significant civil and criminal penalties.
Our businesses are also subject to privacy and data protection information security legal requirements concerning the use and protection of certain personal information. These include those adopted pursuant to the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 in the United States, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the EU, Canada’s Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, the Cayman Islands' Data Protection Law, and various other laws. Privacy and data security legislation is a priority issue in many states and localities in the United States, as well as foreign jurisdictions outside of the EU. For example, California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) which broadly regulates the sale of the consumer information of California residents and grants California residents certain rights to, among other things, access and delete data about them in certain circumstances. Other states are considering similar proposals. Such attempts by the states to regulate have the potential to create a patchwork of differing and/or conflicting state regulations. Ensuring compliance under ever-evolving privacy legislation, such as GDPR and CCPA, is an ongoing commitment, which involves substantial costs.
Compliance with existing and future regulations and responding to and complying with recent increased regulatory activity affecting broker-dealers, investment advisors, investment companies, financial institutions, and their service providers could have a significant impact on us. We periodically undergo regulatory examinations and respond to regulatory inquiries and document requests. In addition, recent and continuing legislative activity in the United States and in other jurisdictions (including the European Union and the United Kingdom) have made and continue to make extensive changes to the laws regulating financial services firms. As a result of these examinations, inquiries, and requests, as a result of increased civil litigation activity, and as a result of these new laws and regulations, we engage legal counsel and other subject matter experts, review our compliance procedures, solution and service offerings, and business operations, and make changes as we deem necessary or as may be required by the applicable authority. These additional activities and required changes may result in increased expense or may reduce revenues.
Our bank clients are subject to supervision by federal, state, and foreign banking and financial services authorities concerning the manner in which such clients purchase and receive our products and services. Our plan sponsor clients and our subsidiaries providing services to those clients are subject to supervision by the Department of Labor and compliance with employee benefit regulations. Investment advisor and broker-dealer clients are regulated by the SEC, state securities authorities, or FINRA. Existing or future regulations applicable to our clients may affect our clients’ purchase of our products and services.
In addition, see the discussion of governmental regulations in Item 1A “Risk Factors” in our latest Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of the risks that the current regulatory regimes and proposed regulatory changes may present for our business.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Information required by this item is set forth under the captions "Our revenues and earnings are affected by changes in capital markets and significant changes in the value of financial instruments" and "Changes in interest rates may affect the value of our fixed-income investment securities" in Item 1A Risk Factors and under the caption "Sensitivity of our revenues and earnings to capital market fluctuations" in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. There have been no material changes to this information as it is disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2022.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. A controls system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls systems are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.
(b) Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
No change in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
The Company is party to various actions and claims arising in the normal course of business that the Company does not believe are material. The Company believes that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or the manner in which the Company conducts its business. Currently, the Company does not believe the amount of losses associated with these matters can be estimated. While the Company does not believe that the amount of such losses will, when liquidated or estimable, be material to its financial position, the assumptions may be incorrect and any such loss could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations or the manner in which the Company conducts its business in the period(s) during which the underlying matters are resolved.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Information regarding risk factors appears in Part I – Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. There have been no material changes in the risk factors from those disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2022.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
(e) Our Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $5.328 billion worth of our common stock through multiple authorizations through March 31, 2023. Currently, there is no expiration date for the common stock repurchase program. On April 18, 2023, our Board of Directors approved an increase in the stock repurchase program by an additional $250.0 million, increasing the available authorization to approximately $262.5 million.
Information regarding the repurchase of common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2023 is as follows:

Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
January 2023 | 50,000 |  |  | $ | 62.14 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | $ | 89,745,000 |
February 2023 | 462,000 |  |  | 61.20 |  |  | 462,000 |  |  | 61,472,000 |
March 2023 | 849,000 |  |  | 57.04 |  |  | 849,000 |  |  | 12,516,000 |
Total | 1,361,000 |  |  | $ | 59.03 |  |  | 1,361,000 |  |  |

Item 6. Exhibits.
The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of the Form 10-Q.

31.1 | Rule 13a-15(e)/15d-15(e) Certification of Principal Executive Officer.
31.2 | Rule 13a-15(e)/15d-15(e) Certification of Principal Financial Officer.
32 | Section 1350 Certifications.
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | SEI INVESTMENTS COMPANY
Date: | April 24, 2023 |  | By: | /s/ Dennis J. McGonigle
|  |  |  | Dennis J. McGonigle
|  |  |  | Chief Financial Officer

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