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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The gross liability for unrecognized tax benefits at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $16,663 and $15,241, respectively, exclusive of interest and penalties, of which $16,938 and $14,886 would affect the effective tax rate if the Company were to recognize the tax benefit.
The Company classifies interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the combined amount of accrued interest and penalties related to tax positions taken on tax returns was $2,512 and $1,725, respectively.
September 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Gross liability for unrecognized tax benefits, exclusive of interest and penalties$16,663 $15,241 
Interest and penalties on unrecognized benefits2,512 1,725 
Total gross uncertain tax positions$19,175 $16,966 
Amount included in Current liabilities$4,294 $4,377 
Amount included in Other long-term liabilities14,881 12,589 
$19,175 $16,966 
The effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 differs from the federal income tax statutory rate due to the following:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025202420252024
Statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State taxes, net of federal tax benefit2.7 2.9 2.7 2.9 
Foreign tax expense and tax rate differential(0.1)0.1 (0.1)0.1 
Tax benefit from stock option exercises(1.0)(0.1)(0.8)(0.4)
Other, net(0.7)(0.4)(0.5)(0.2)
21.9 %23.5 %22.3 %23.4 %
The decrease in the effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily due to higher tax benefits related to stock option exercises and a decline in state effective tax rates.
On July 4, 2025, President Donald J. Trump signed new tax legislation known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) into law which makes permanent many of the provisions enacted in 2017 as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that were scheduled to expire at the end of 2025. The enactment of the OBBBA primarily impacted the Company's the deferred tax liability and income tax payable related to the provisions for the elimination of the capitalization of onshore research and development costs (Section 174) and the reintroduction of 100% bonus depreciation (Section 168) and did not have a significant impact to the effective tax rate.
The Company files income tax returns in the United States on a consolidated basis and in many U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is subject to examination of income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and other domestic and foreign tax authorities. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examination for years before 2021 and is no longer subject to state, local or foreign income tax examinations by authorities for years before 2018.
The Company estimates it will recognize $4,294 of gross unrecognized tax benefits. This amount is expected to be paid within one year or to be removed at the expiration of the statute of limitations and resolution of income tax audits and is netted against the current payable account. These unrecognized tax benefits are related to tax positions taken on certain federal, state, and foreign tax returns. However, the timing of the resolution of income tax examinations is highly uncertain, and the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of the issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ materially from the amounts accrued for each year. While it is reasonably possible that some issues under examination could be resolved in the next twelve months, based upon the current facts and circumstances, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the timing of such resolution or the total range of potential changes as it relates to the current unrecognized tax benefits that are recorded as part of the Company’s financial statements.