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Fair Value Measurements
 12 Months Ended
Aug. 31, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
We determine fair value measurements based on the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing an asset or liability. ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), establishes a three level hierarchy making a distinction between market participant assumptions based on (i) unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market (Level 1), (ii) quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability (Level 2), and (iii) prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement (Level 3).
We utilize valuation methodologies to determine the fair values of our financial assets and liabilities in conformity with the concepts of “exit price” and the fair value hierarchy as prescribed in ASC 820. All valuation methods and assumptions are validated at least quarterly to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the fair values. There were no material changes to the valuation methods or assumptions used to determine fair values during the current period.
We use quoted market prices to determine the fair value of Level 1 assets and liabilities. No transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy occurred during the current fiscal period. In the event of a transfer in or out of a level within the fair value hierarchy, the transfers would be recognized on the date of occurrence.
Our cash and cash equivalents (Level 1), which are required to be carried at fair value and measured on a recurring basis, were $560.7 million and $461.0 million as of August 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Disclosures of fair value information about financial instruments (whether or not recognized in the balance sheet), for which it is practicable to estimate that value, are required each reporting period in addition to any financial instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis as prescribed by ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”). In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows.
The carrying values and estimated fair values of certain financial instruments (Level 2) as of the dates presented were as follows (in millions):
 
August 31, 2020
 
August 31, 2019
 
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying Value
 
Fair Value
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates
$
6.0

 
$
6.0

 
$
—

 
$
—

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

Senior unsecured public notes, net of unamortized discount and deferred costs
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
349.9

 
$
352.7

Borrowings under Term Loan Facility
395.0

 
395.0

 
—

 
—

Industrial revenue bond
4.0

 
4.0

 
4.0

 
4.0

Bank loans
2.1

 
2.3

 
2.7

 
2.9


We hold equity investments in two unconsolidated affiliates without readily determinable fair value. These strategic investments represent less than a 20% ownership interest in each of the privately-held affiliates, and we do not maintain power over or control of the entities. We have elected the practical expedient in ASC 321, Investments—Equity Securities, to measure these investments at cost less any impairment adjusted for observable price changes, if any. Based on these considerations, we estimate that the historical cost of the acquired shares represents the fair value of the investment as of August 31, 2020.
Borrowings under our unsecured delayed draw term loan facility (the “Term Loan Facility”) and the industrial revenue bond (“IRB”) are carried at the outstanding balance as of the end of the reporting period. The borrowings under the Term Loan Facility and the IRB are variable-rate instruments that reset on a frequent short-term basis; therefore, we estimate that the face amounts of these instruments approximate their fair values as of August 31, 2020 based on instruments of similar terms and maturity (Level 2). The bank loans are carried at the outstanding balance as of the end of the reporting period. Fair value is estimated based on discounted future cash flows using rates currently available for debt of similar terms and maturity (Level 2). See Note 7 — Debt and Lines of Credit for further details on our long-term borrowings.
ASC 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not represent the underlying value to us. In many cases, the fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets, nor can the disclosed value be realized in immediate settlement of the instruments. In evaluating our management of liquidity and other risks, the fair values of all assets and liabilities should be taken into consideration, not only those presented above.