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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549
_________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
_________________________________________________

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2020
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 1-12658
_________________________________________________
ALBEMARLE CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_________________________________________________

Virginia |  | 54-1692118
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4250 Congress Street, Suite 900
Charlotte, North Carolina 28209
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code - (980) 299-5700
_________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
COMMON STOCK, $.01 Par Value |  | ALB |  | New York Stock Exchange

Number of shares of common stock, $.01 par value, outstanding as of May 4, 2020: 106,318,614

Table of Contents
ALBEMARLE CORPORATION
INDEX – FORM 10-Q

|  | Page Number(s)
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
| Consolidated Statements of Income - Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income - Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 | 7
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8-24
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 25-37
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 37
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 38
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 38
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 38
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 39
Item 6. | Exhibits | 39
SIGNATURES |  | 41
EXHIBITS |  |

2

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited).

ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Net sales | $ | 738,845 |  |  | $ | 832,064 |
Cost of goods sold | 496,827 |  |  | 548,578 |
Gross profit | 242,018 |  |  | 283,486 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 101,877 |  |  | 113,355 |
Research and development expenses | 16,097 |  |  | 14,977 |
Operating profit | 124,044 |  |  | 155,154 |
Interest and financing expenses | (16,885 | ) |  | (12,586 | )
Other income, net | 8,314 |  |  | 11,291 |
Income before income taxes and equity in net income of unconsolidated investments | 115,473 |  |  | 153,859 |
Income tax expense | 18,442 |  |  | 37,514 |
Income before equity in net income of unconsolidated investments | 97,031 |  |  | 116,345 |
Equity in net income of unconsolidated investments (net of tax) | 26,604 |  |  | 35,181 |
Net income | 123,635 |  |  | 151,526 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (16,431 | ) |  | (17,957 | )
Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation | $ | 107,204 |  |  | $ | 133,569 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.01 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.01 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic | 106,227 |  |  | 105,799 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted | 106,512 |  |  | 106,356 |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

Table of Contents
ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Net income | $ | 123,635 |  |  | $ | 151,526 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax: |  |  |
Foreign currency translation | (81,986 | ) |  | (10,855 | )
Pension and postretirement benefits | 9 |  |  | 7 |
Net investment hedge | 2,081 |  |  | 3,304 |
Cash flow hedge | (51,460 | ) |  | — |
Interest rate swap | 648 |  |  | 641 |
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax | (130,708 | ) |  | (6,903 | )
Comprehensive (loss) income | (7,073 | ) |  | 144,623 |
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (16,477 | ) |  | (17,910 | )
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Albemarle Corporation | $ | (23,550 | ) |  | $ | 126,713 |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)

| March 31, |  | December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 553,228 |  |  | $ | 613,110 |
Trade accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts (2020 – $3,700; 2019 – $3,711) | 518,703 |  |  | 612,651 |
Other accounts receivable | 73,765 |  |  | 67,551 |
Inventories | 853,500 |  |  | 768,984 |
Other current assets | 155,985 |  |  | 162,813 |
Total current assets | 2,155,181 |  |  | 2,225,109 |
Property, plant and equipment, at cost | 6,973,817 |  |  | 6,817,843 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | 1,947,848 |  |  | 1,908,370 |
Net property, plant and equipment | 5,025,969 |  |  | 4,909,473 |
Investments | 543,670 |  |  | 579,813 |
Other assets | 219,202 |  |  | 213,061 |
Goodwill | 1,559,055 |  |  | 1,578,785 |
Other intangibles, net of amortization | 344,561 |  |  | 354,622 |
Total assets | $ | 9,847,638 |  |  | $ | 9,860,863 |
Liabilities And Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 573,075 |  |  | $ | 574,138 |
Accrued expenses | 491,579 |  |  | 553,160 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 35,615 |  |  | 187,336 |
Dividends payable | 40,715 |  |  | 38,764 |
Current operating lease liability | 23,826 |  |  | 23,137 |
Income taxes payable | 28,116 |  |  | 32,461 |
Total current liabilities | 1,192,926 |  |  | 1,408,996 |
Long-term debt | 3,105,225 |  |  | 2,862,921 |
Postretirement benefits | 50,673 |  |  | 50,899 |
Pension benefits | 285,851 |  |  | 292,073 |
Other noncurrent liabilities | 768,757 |  |  | 754,536 |
Deferred income taxes | 402,681 |  |  | 397,858 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) |  |  |
Equity: |  |  |
Albemarle Corporation shareholders’ equity: |  |  |
Common stock, $.01 par value, issued and outstanding – 106,319 in 2020 and 106,040 in 2019 | 1,063 |  |  | 1,061 |
Additional paid-in capital | 1,393,681 |  |  | 1,383,446 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (526,489 | ) |  | (395,735 | )
Retained earnings | 3,009,749 |  |  | 2,943,478 |
Total Albemarle Corporation shareholders’ equity | 3,878,004 |  |  | 3,932,250 |
Noncontrolling interests | 163,521 |  |  | 161,330 |
Total equity | 4,041,525 |  |  | 4,093,580 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 9,847,638 |  |  | $ | 9,860,863 |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(Unaudited)

(In Thousands, Except Share Data) |  |  |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total Albemarle Shareholders’ Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Equity
Common Stock |
Shares |  | Amounts |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1, 2020 | 106,040,215 |  |  | $ | 1,061 |  |  | $ | 1,383,446 |  |  | $ | (395,735 | ) |  | $ | 2,943,478 |  |  | $ | 3,932,250 |  |  | $ | 161,330 |  |  | $ | 4,093,580 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 107,204 |  |  | 107,204 |  |  | 16,431 |  |  | 123,635 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  |  |  |  |  | (130,754 | ) |  |  |  | (130,754 | ) |  | 46 |  |  | (130,708 | )
Cash dividends declared, $0.385 per common share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (40,933 | ) |  | (40,933 | ) |  | (14,286 | ) |  | (55,219 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  | 3,867 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,867 |  |  |  |  | 3,867 |
Exercise of stock options | 193,537 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 10,193 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,195 |  |  |  |  | 10,195 |
Issuance of common stock, net | 132,320 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Shares withheld for withholding taxes associated with common stock issuances | (47,458 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (3,824 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (3,825 | ) |  |  |  | (3,825 | )
Balance at March 31, 2020 | 106,318,614 |  |  | $ | 1,063 |  |  | $ | 1,393,681 |  |  | $ | (526,489 | ) |  | $ | 3,009,749 |  |  | $ | 3,878,004 |  |  | $ | 163,521 |  |  | $ | 4,041,525 |
Balance at January 1, 2019 | 105,616,028 |  |  | $ | 1,056 |  |  | $ | 1,368,897 |  |  | $ | (350,682 | ) |  | $ | 2,566,050 |  |  | $ | 3,585,321 |  |  | $ | 173,787 |  |  | $ | 3,759,108 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 133,569 |  |  | 133,569 |  |  | 17,957 |  |  | 151,526 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6,856 | ) |  |  |  | (6,856 | ) |  | (47 | ) |  | (6,903 | )
Cash dividends declared, $0.3675 per common share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (38,935 | ) |  | (38,935 | ) |  | — |  |  | (38,935 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  | 7,277 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,277 |  |  |  |  | 7,277 |
Exercise of stock options | 114,128 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2,675 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,676 |  |  |  |  | 2,676 |
Issuance of common stock, net | 340,111 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Increase in ownership interest of noncontrolling interest |  |  |  |  | (523 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (523 | ) |  | 68 |  |  | (455 | )
Shares withheld for withholding taxes associated with common stock issuances | (120,256 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (10,254 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (10,255 | ) |  |  |  | (10,255 | )
Balance at March 31, 2019 | 105,950,011 |  |  | $ | 1,059 |  |  | $ | 1,368,069 |  |  | $ | (357,538 | ) |  | $ | 2,660,684 |  |  | $ | 3,672,274 |  |  | $ | 191,765 |  |  | $ | 3,864,039 |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | $ | 613,110 |  |  | $ | 555,320 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | 123,635 |  |  | 151,526 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 53,694 |  |  | 49,283 |
Gain on sale of property | — |  |  | (11,079 | )
Stock-based compensation and other | 2,501 |  |  | 5,556 |
Equity in net income of unconsolidated investments (net of tax) | (26,604 | ) |  | (35,181 | )
Dividends received from unconsolidated investments and nonmarketable securities | — |  |  | 3,034 |
Pension and postretirement (benefit) expense | (1,719 | ) |  | 578 |
Pension and postretirement contributions | (6,113 | ) |  | (3,555 | )
Unrealized gain on investments in marketable securities | (627 | ) |  | (476 | )
Deferred income taxes | 4,790 |  |  | 7,580 |
Working capital changes | 17,730 |  |  | (122,939 | )
Other, net | (12,233 | ) |  | 10,589 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 155,054 |  |  | 54,916 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (22,572 | ) |  | — |
Capital expenditures | (214,529 | ) |  | (216,132 | )
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | — |  |  | 10,356 |
Sales of marketable securities, net | 2,589 |  |  | 1,090 |
Investments in equity and other corporate investments | (356 | ) |  | (2,509 | )
Net cash used in investing activities | (234,868 | ) |  | (207,195 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings of credit agreements | 250,000 |  |  | — |
Other (repayments) borrowings, net | (151,872 | ) |  | 118,223 |
Dividends paid to shareholders | (38,982 | ) |  | (35,387 | )
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests | (14,286 | ) |  | — |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 10,195 |  |  | 2,676 |
Withholding taxes paid on stock-based compensation award distributions | (3,825 | ) |  | (10,255 | )
Debt financing costs | (214 | ) |  | — |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 51,016 |  |  | 75,257 |
Net effect of foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents | (31,084 | ) |  | (13,024 | )
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (59,882 | ) |  | (90,046 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 553,228 |  |  | $ | 465,274 |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1—Basis of Presentation:
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Albemarle Corporation and our wholly-owned, majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries (collectively, “Albemarle,” “we,” “us,” “our” or “the Company”) contain all adjustments necessary for a fair statement, in all material respects, of our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our consolidated statements of income, consolidated statements of comprehensive income, consolidated statements of changes in equity and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. All adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 26, 2020. The December 31, 2019 condensed consolidated balance sheet data herein was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States (“U.S.”). The results of operations for the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
The current novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic is having an impact on overall global economic conditions. While we have not seen a material financial impact to date, the ultimate impact on our business will depend on the length and severity of the outbreak throughout the world. The Company has taken, and plans to continue to take, certain measures to maintain financial flexibility, including delaying certain capital expenditure projects and accelerating our cost savings initiative, while still protecting our employees and customers. In addition, on May 11, 2020, the Company amended its revolving, unsecured credit agreement dated as of June 21, 2018, as amended on August 14, 2019 (the “2018 Credit Agreement”) and unsecured credit facility entered into on August 14, 2019 (the “2019 Credit Facility”) (together “the Credit Agreements”) to modify its financial covenant based on the Company’s current expectations. As of March 31, 2020, the Company is in compliance with its financial covenant under its Credit Agreements and now expect to be in compliance with its financial covenant for at least one year from the issuance of these interim financial statements, following the amendment to the covenant. If conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic worsen and the Company’s earnings and cash flow from operations do not start to recover as contemplated in the Company's current plans, the Company may not be able to maintain compliance with its amended financial covenant and could have a material adverse effect on the Company. See Note 8, “Long-term Debt,” for further discussion of covenant amendment.
In addition, as of March 31, 2020, we assessed other accounting estimates based on forecasted financial information, including, but not limited to, our allowance for credit losses, the carrying value of our goodwill, intangible assets, and other long-lived assets. At this time we cannot predict the ultimate financial impact of COVID-19 on our business, and to what extent economic and operating conditions recover on a sustainable basis globally. Accordingly, if the impact is more severe or longer in duration than we have assumed, such impact could potentially result in impairments and increases in credit allowances.
NOTE 2—Acquisitions:
On October 31, 2019 (the “Acquisition Closing Date”), we completed the previously announced acquisition of a 60% interest in Mineral Resources Limited’s (“MRL”) Wodgina hard rock lithium mine project (“Wodgina Project”) for a total purchase price of approximately $1.3 billion. The purchase price is comprised of $820 million in cash and the transfer of 40% interest in certain lithium hydroxide conversion assets being built by Albemarle in Kemerton, Western Australia, valued at $480 million. The cash consideration was initially funded by the 2019 Credit Facility entered into on August 14, 2019. In addition, during the first quarter of 2020, we paid $22.6 million of agreed upon purchase price adjustments.
In addition, we have formed an unincorporated joint venture with MRL, MARBL, for the exploration, development, mining, processing and production of lithium and other minerals (other than iron ore and tantalum) from the Wodgina Project and for the operation of the Kemerton assets. We are entitled to a pro rata portion of 60% of all minerals (other than iron ore and tantalum) recovered from the tenements and produced by the joint venture. The joint venture is unincorporated with each investor holding an undivided interest in each asset and proportionately liable for each liability; therefore our proportionate share of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses are included in the appropriate classifications in the consolidated financial statements. As part of this acquisition, MARBL Lithium Operations Pty. Ltd. (the “Manager”), an incorporated joint venture, has been formed to manage the Wodgina Project. We consolidate our 60% ownership interest in the Manager in our consolidated financial statements.
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ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
This acquisition provides access to a high-quality hard rock lithium source, further diversifying our global lithium resource base, and strengthens our position by increasing capacity to support future market demand. In the short-term, we have idled production of the Wodgina Project until market conditions support production economics.
The results of our 60% ownership interest in MARBL are reported within the Lithium segment. Included in Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation for the three months ended March 31, 2020 is a loss of approximately $4.7 million attributable to the joint venture. There were no net sales attributable to the joint venture during this period. Included in Selling, general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 is $0.4 million of costs directly related to this acquisition, primarily consisting of professional services and advisory fees. Pro forma financial information of the combined entities for periods prior to the acquisition is not presented due to the immaterial impact of the Net Sales and Net Income of the Wodgina Project on our consolidated statements of income.
Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation
The aggregate purchase price noted above was allocated to the major categories of assets and liabilities acquired based upon their estimated fair values at the Acquisition Closing Date, which were based, in part, upon third-party appraisals for certain assets. The excess of the purchase price over the preliminary estimated fair value of the net assets acquired was approximately $19.4 million and was recorded as Goodwill.
The following table summarizes the consideration paid for the joint venture and the amounts of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date, which have been allocated on a preliminary basis (in thousands):

Total purchase price: |
Cash paid | $ | 820,000 |
Fair value of 40% interest in Kemerton assets | 480,000 |
Purchase agreement completion adjustment and other adjustments | 23,566 |
Total purchase price | $ | 1,323,566 |
Net assets acquired: |
Inventories | $ | 33,900 |
Other current assets | 10,695 |
Property, plant and equipment: |
Land improvements | 2,912 |
Buildings and improvements | 19,268 |
Machinery and equipment | 163,808 |
Mineral rights and reserves | 1,058,700 |
Construction in progress | 103,700 |
Other assets | 1,000 |
Current liabilities | (10,695 | )
Long-term debt(a) | (55,806 | )
Other noncurrent liabilities | (23,296 | )
Total identifiable net assets | 1,304,186 |
Goodwill | 19,380 |
Total net assets acquired | $ | 1,323,566 |

(a) | Represents 60% ownership interest in finance lease acquired. See Note 10, “Leases,” for further information on the Company’s leases.

The allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including the residual amount allocated to Goodwill, is based upon preliminary information and is subject to change within the measurement-period (up to one year from the acquisition date) as additional information concerning final asset and liability valuations is obtained. Significant changes in our purchase price allocation since our initial preliminary estimates reported in the fourth quarter of 2019 were primarily related to an increase in the estimated fair values of mineral rights and reserves, which resulted in a decrease to recognized goodwill of approximately $12.4 million. The primary areas of the preliminary purchase price allocation that are not yet finalized relate to the fair value of Mineral rights and reserves and Goodwill. The fair value of the assets acquired and
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ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
liabilities assumed are based on management’s preliminary estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management, including valuations that utilize customary valuation procedures and techniques. The fair value of the mineral reserves of $1,025.9 million is determined using an excess earnings approach, which requires management to estimate future cash flows, net of capital investments in the specific operation. Management’s cash flow projections involved the use of significant estimates and assumptions with respect to the expected production of the mine over the estimated time period, sales prices, shipment volumes, and expected profit margins. The present value of the projected net cash flows represents the preliminary fair value assigned to mineral reserves. The discount rate is a significant assumption used in the valuation model.
While the Company believes that such preliminary estimates provide a reasonable basis for estimating the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, it will evaluate any necessary information prior to finalization of the amounts. During the measurement-period, the Company will adjust assets or liabilities if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have resulted in revised estimated values of those assets or liabilities as of that date. The effect of measurement-period adjustments to the estimated fair values will be recognized in the reporting period in which they are determined. The impact of all changes that do not qualify as measurement-period adjustments will be included in current period earnings. If the actual results differ from the estimates and judgments used in these fair values, the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements could be subject to possible impairment.
Goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of anticipated synergies and economies of scale from the combined companies and overall strategic importance of the acquired businesses to Albemarle. The goodwill attributable to the acquisition will not be amortizable or deductible for tax purposes.
NOTE 3—Goodwill and Other Intangibles:
The following table summarizes the changes in goodwill by reportable segment for the three months ended March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

| Lithium |  | Bromine Specialties |  | Catalysts |  | All Other |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 1,370,846 |  |  | $ | 20,319 |  |  | $ | 181,034 |  |  | $ | 6,586 |  |  | $ | 1,578,785 |
Acquisitions(a) | (12,382 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,382 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other | (5,335 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,013 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,348 | )
Balance at March 31, 2020 | $ | 1,353,129 |  |  | $ | 20,319 |  |  | $ | 179,021 |  |  | $ | 6,586 |  |  | $ | 1,559,055 |

(a) | Represents preliminary purchase price adjustments for the Wodgina Project acquisition. See Note 2, “Acquisitions” for additional information.

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ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the changes in other intangibles and related accumulated amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

| Customer Lists and Relationships |  | Trade Names and Trademarks(a) |  | Patents and Technology |  | Other |  | Total
Gross Asset Value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 422,462 |  |  | $ | 18,087 |  |  | $ | 55,020 |  |  | $ | 41,282 |  |  | $ | 536,851 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other | (1,606 | ) |  | (357 | ) |  | (310 | ) |  | (2,581 | ) |  | (4,854 | )
Balance at March 31, 2020 | $ | 420,856 |  |  | $ | 17,730 |  |  | $ | 54,710 |  |  | $ | 38,701 |  |  | $ | 531,997 |
Accumulated Amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | (116,749 | ) |  | $ | (7,938 | ) |  | $ | (36,197 | ) |  | $ | (21,345 | ) |  | $ | (182,229 | )
Amortization | (5,544 | ) |  | — |  |  | (341 | ) |  | (215 | ) |  | (6,100 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other | 420 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 893 |
Balance at March 31, 2020 | $ | (121,873 | ) |  | $ | (7,924 | ) |  | $ | (36,408 | ) |  | $ | (21,231 | ) |  | $ | (187,436 | )
Net Book Value at December 31, 2019 | $ | 305,713 |  |  | $ | 10,149 |  |  | $ | 18,823 |  |  | $ | 19,937 |  |  | $ | 354,622 |
Net Book Value at March 31, 2020 | $ | 298,983 |  |  | $ | 9,806 |  |  | $ | 18,302 |  |  | $ | 17,470 |  |  | $ | 344,561 |

(a) | Net Book Value includes only indefinite-lived intangible assets.

NOTE 4—Income Taxes:
The effective income tax rate for the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 was 16.0%, compared to 24.4% for the three-month period ended March 31, 2019. The Company’s effective income tax rate fluctuates based on, among other factors, its level and location of income. The difference between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and our effective income tax rate for the three-months ended March 31, 2020 was impacted by a variety of factors, primarily stemming from the location in which income was earned. For the three-month period ended March 31, 2020, this was mainly attributable to our share of the income of our Jordan Bromine Company Limited (“JBC”) joint venture, a Free Zones company under the laws of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The difference between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and our effective income tax rate for the three-months ended March 31, 2019 was impacted by a variety of factors, primarily stemming from the location in which income was earned and discrete net tax expenses primarily related to uncertain tax positions.
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ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
NOTE 5—Earnings Per Share:
Basic and diluted earnings per share for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Basic earnings per share |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |
Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation | $ | 107,204 |  |  | $ | 133,569 |
Denominator: |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares for basic earnings per share | 106,227 |  |  | 105,799 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.01 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |
Diluted earnings per share |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |
Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation | $ | 107,204 |  |  | $ | 133,569 |
Denominator: |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares for basic earnings per share | 106,227 |  |  | 105,799 |
Incremental shares under stock compensation plans | 285 |  |  | 557 |
Weighted-average common shares for diluted earnings per share | 106,512 |  |  | 106,356 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.01 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |

At March 31, 2020, there were 303,093 common stock equivalents not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
On February 28, 2020, the Company increased the regular quarterly dividend by 5% to $0.385 per share and declared a cash dividend of said amount for the first quarter of 2020, which was paid on April 1, 2020 to shareholders of record at the close of business as of March 13, 2020. On May 5, 2020, the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.385 per share, which is payable on July 1, 2020 to shareholders of record at the close of business as of June 12, 2020.
NOTE 6—Inventories:
The following table provides a breakdown of inventories at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

| March 31, |  | December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Finished goods(a) | $ | 562,231 |  |  | $ | 495,639 |
Raw materials and work in process(b) | 221,173 |  |  | 205,781 |
Stores, supplies and other | 70,096 |  |  | 67,564 |
Total | $ | 853,500 |  |  | $ | 768,984 |

(a) | Increase primarily due to the build-up of inventory in Lithium and Catalysts for forecasted sales during the remainder of 2020.

(b) | Included $117.8 million and $109.3 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, of work in process in our Lithium segment.

NOTE 7—Investments:
The Company holds a 49% equity interest in Windfield Holdings Pty. Ltd. (“Windfield”), where the ownership parties share risks and benefits disproportionate to their voting interests. As a result, the Company considers Windfield to be a variable interest entity (“VIE”), however this investment is not consolidated as the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The carrying amount of our 49% equity interest in Windfield, which is our most significant VIE, was $364.8 million and $397.2 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company’s aggregate net investment in all other entities which it considers to be VIEs for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary was $7.5 million and $7.6 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Our unconsolidated VIEs are reported in Investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company does not guarantee debt for, or have other financial support obligations to, these
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ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
entities, and its maximum exposure to loss in connection with its continuing involvement with these entities is limited to the carrying value of the investments.
NOTE 8—Long-Term Debt:
Long-term debt at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 consisted of the following (in thousands):

| March 31, |  | December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
1.125% notes, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $4,342 at March 31, 2020 and $5,659 at December 31, 2019 | $ | 547,156 |  |  | $ | 549,241 |
1.625% notes, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $5,938 at March 31, 2020 and $5,696 at December 31, 2019 | 545,560 |  |  | 549,204 |
1.875% Senior notes, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $1,585 at March 31, 2020 and $1,831 at December 31, 2019. | 431,820 |  |  | 434,241 |
3.45% Senior notes, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $3,274 at March 31, 2020 and $3,533 at December 31, 2019 | 296,725 |  |  | 296,467 |
4.15% Senior notes, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $2,275 at March 31, 2020 and $2,398 at December 31, 2019 | 422,724 |  |  | 422,603 |
5.45% Senior notes, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $3,811 at March 31, 2020 and $3,850 at December 31, 2019 | 346,189 |  |  | 346,150 |
Floating rate notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $962 at March 31, 2020 and $1,169 at December 31, 2019 | 199,037 |  |  | 198,831 |
Revolving credit facility | 250,000 |  |  | — |
Commercial paper notes | 35,000 |  |  | 186,700 |
Variable-rate foreign bank loans | 7,300 |  |  | 7,296 |
Finance lease obligations | 59,329 |  |  | 59,524 |
Total long-term debt | 3,140,840 |  |  | 3,050,257 |
Less amounts due within one year | 35,615 |  |  | 187,336 |
Long-term debt, less current portion | $ | 3,105,225 |  |  | $ | 2,862,921 |

Current portion of long-term debt at March 31, 2020 consisted primarily of commercial paper notes with a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 1.72% and a weighted-average maturity of 22 days.
In the first quarter of 2020, the Company borrowed $250.0 million under the 2018 Credit Agreement to pay approximately $152 million in short-term commercial paper notes and for other general corporate purposes. The applicable interest rate for the amount borrowed was 2.08%.
In April 2020, the Company borrowed $200.0 million under the 2019 Credit Facility to be used for general corporate purposes. The applicable interest rate for the amount borrowed was 1.125%.
The carrying value of our 1.875% Euro-denominated senior notes has been designated as an effective hedge of our net investment in certain foreign subsidiaries where the Euro serves as the functional currency, and gains or losses on the revaluation of these senior notes to our reporting currency are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, gains of $2.1 million and $3.3 million (net of income taxes), respectively, were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss in connection with the revaluation of these senior notes to our reporting currency.
As of March 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with its debt covenant under the Credit Agreements. As a result of the uncertainty of the overall financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company amended the Credit Agreements on May 11, 2020 to modify its financial covenant based on the Company’s current expectations. The amendment effects changes to certain provisions of the Credit Agreements, including: (a) conversion of the consolidated funded debt to consolidated EBITDA ratio to a consolidated net funded debt to consolidated EBITDA ratio; (b) carving-out third party sales of accounts receivables from the Securitization Transaction definition; (c) setting the consolidated net funded debt to consolidated EBITDA ratio to 4.00:1 for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2020, 4.50:1 for the fiscal quarters through September 30, 2021, 4.00:1 for the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2021, and 3:50:1 for fiscal quarters thereafter; and (d) reducing the priority debt basket to 24% of Consolidated Net Tangible Assets, as defined in the Credit Agreements, through and including December 31, 2021. As
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ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
part of this amendment, the Company has agreed to pay a 10 basis point fee on the consenting lenders commitments under the Credit Agreements. If conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic worsen and the Company’s earnings and cash flow from operations do not start to recover as contemplated in the Company's current plans, the Company may not be able to maintain compliance with its amended financial covenants and it will require the Company to seek additional amendments to the Credit Agreements. If the Company is not able to obtain such necessary additional amendments, this would lead to an event of default and its lenders could require the Company to repay its outstanding debt. In that situation, the Company may not be able to raise sufficient debt or equity capital, or divest assets, to refinance or repay the lenders.
NOTE 9—Commitments and Contingencies:
Environmental
We had the following activity in our recorded environmental liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Beginning balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 42,592 |
Expenditures | (918 | )
Accretion of discount | 216 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (183 | )
Ending balance at March 31, 2020 | 41,707 |
Less amounts reported in Accrued expenses | 9,379 |
Amounts reported in Other noncurrent liabilities | $ | 32,328 |

Environmental remediation liabilities included discounted liabilities of $35.1 million and $35.6 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, discounted at rates with a weighted-average of 3.7%, with the undiscounted amount totaling $68.8 million and $69.2 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. For certain locations where the Company is operating groundwater monitoring and/or remediation systems, prior owners or insurers have assumed all or most of the responsibility.
The amounts recorded represent our future remediation and other anticipated environmental liabilities. These liabilities typically arise during the normal course of our operational and environmental management activities or at the time of acquisition of the site, and are based on internal analysis as well as input from outside consultants. As evaluations proceed at each relevant site, changes in risk assessment practices, remediation techniques and regulatory requirements can occur, therefore such liability estimates may be adjusted accordingly. The timing and duration of remediation activities at these sites will be determined when evaluations are completed. Although it is difficult to quantify the potential financial impact of these remediation liabilities, management estimates (based on the latest available information) that there is a reasonable possibility that future environmental remediation costs associated with our past operations, could be an additional $10 million to $30 million before income taxes, in excess of amounts already recorded. The variability of this range is primarily driven by possible environmental remediation activity at a formerly owned site where we indemnify the buyer through a set cutoff date in 2024.
We believe that any sum we may be required to pay in connection with environmental remediation matters in excess of the amounts recorded would likely occur over a period of time and would likely not have a material adverse effect upon our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows on a consolidated annual basis although any such sum could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows in a particular quarterly reporting period.
Litigation
We are involved from time to time in legal proceedings of types regarded as common in our business, including administrative or judicial proceedings seeking remediation under environmental laws, such as the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, commonly known as CERCLA or Superfund, products liability, breach of contract liability and premises liability litigation. Where appropriate, we may establish financial reserves for such proceedings. We also maintain insurance to mitigate certain of such risks. Costs for legal services are generally expensed as incurred.
As previously reported in 2018, following receipt of information regarding potential improper payments being made by third party sales representatives of our Refining Solutions business, within our Catalysts segment, we promptly retained outside counsel and forensic accountants to investigate potential violations of the Company’s Code of Conduct, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other potentially applicable laws. Based on this internal investigation, we have voluntarily self-reported
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ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
potential issues relating to the use of third party sales representatives in our Refining Solutions business, within our Catalysts segment, to the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), the SEC, and the Dutch Public Prosecutor (“DPP”), and are cooperating with the DOJ, the SEC, and DPP in their review of these matters. In connection with our internal investigation, we have implemented, and are continuing to implement, appropriate remedial measures.
At this time, we are unable to predict the duration, scope, result or related costs associated with any investigations by the DOJ, the SEC, or DPP. We are unable to predict what, if any, action may be taken by the DOJ, the SEC, or DPP, or what penalties or remedial actions they may seek to impose. Any determination that our operations or activities are not in compliance with existing laws or regulations could result in the imposition of fines, penalties, disgorgement, equitable relief, or other losses. We do not believe, however, that any fines, penalties, disgorgement, equitable relief or other losses would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or liquidity.
Indemnities
We are indemnified by third parties in connection with certain matters related to acquired and divested businesses. Although we believe that the financial condition of those parties who may have indemnification obligations to the Company is generally sound, in the event the Company seeks indemnity under any of these agreements or through other means, there can be no assurance that any party who may have obligations to indemnify us will adhere to their obligations and we may have to resort to legal action to enforce our rights under the indemnities.
The Company may be subject to indemnity claims relating to properties or businesses it divested, including properties or businesses of acquired businesses that were divested prior to the completion of the acquisition. In the opinion of management, and based upon information currently available, the ultimate resolution of any indemnification obligations owed to the Company or by the Company is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company had approximately $31.6 million and $31.0 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, recorded in Other noncurrent liabilities, related to the indemnification of certain income and non-income tax liabilities associated with the Chemetall Surface Treatment entities sold.
Other
We have contracts with certain of our customers, which serve as guarantees on product delivery and performance according to customer specifications that can cover both shipments on an individual basis as well as blanket coverage of multiple shipments under certain customer supply contracts. The financial coverage provided by these guarantees is typically based on a percentage of net sales value.
NOTE 10—Leases:
We lease certain office space, buildings, transportation and equipment in various countries. The initial lease terms generally range from 1 to 30 years for real estate leases, and from 2 to 15 years for non-real estate leases. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Many leases include options to terminate or renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from 1 to 50 years or more. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
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ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The following table provides details of our lease contracts for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Operating lease cost | $ | 8,740 |  |  | $ | 9,421 |
Finance lease cost: |  |  |
Amortization of right of use assets | 154 |  |  | 178 |
Interest on lease liabilities | 650 |  |  | 33 |
Total finance lease cost | 804 |  |  | 211 |
Short-term lease cost | 2,883 |  |  | 1,966 |
Variable lease cost | 1,948 |  |  | 1,086 |
Total lease cost | $ | 14,375 |  |  | $ | 12,684 |

Supplemental cash flow information related to our lease contracts for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 11,177 |  |  | $ | 8,930 |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | 380 |  |  | 33 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | 172 |  |  | 171 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: |  |  |
Operating leases | 16,021 |  |  | — |

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ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Supplemental balance sheet information related to our lease contracts, including the location on balance sheet, at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 is as follows (in thousands, except as noted):

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Operating leases: |  |  |
Other assets | $ | 141,827 |  |  | $ | 133,864 |
Current operating lease liability | 23,826 |  |  | 23,137 |
Other noncurrent liabilities | 119,233 |  |  | 114,686 |
Total operating lease liabilities | 143,059 |  |  | 137,823 |
Finance leases: |  |  |
Net property, plant and equipment | 59,320 |  |  | 59,494 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 615 |  |  | 636 |
Long-term debt | 58,713 |  |  | 58,888 |
Total finance lease liabilities | 59,328 |  |  | 59,524 |
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years): |  |  |
Operating leases | 15.8 |  |  | 11.4 |
Finance leases | 28.2 |  |  | 28.3 |
Weighted average discount rate (%): |  |  |
Operating leases | 4.08 | % |  | 3.84 | %
Finance leases | 4.56 | % |  | 4.56 | %

Maturities of lease liabilities as of March 31, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

| Operating Leases |  | Finance Leases
Remainder of 2020 | $ | 23,100 |  |  | $ | 1,652 |
2021 | 18,498 |  |  | 2,129 |
2022 | 14,652 |  |  | 4,408 |
2023 | 13,205 |  |  | 4,408 |
2024 | 12,181 |  |  | 4,408 |
Thereafter | 148,998 |  |  | 94,324 |
Total lease payments | 230,634 |  |  | 111,329 |
Less imputed interest | 87,575 |  |  | 52,001 |
Total | $ | 143,059 |  |  | $ | 59,328 |

NOTE 11—Segment Information:
Our three reportable segments include: (1) Lithium; (2) Bromine Specialties; and (3) Catalysts. Each segment has a dedicated team of sales, research and development, process engineering, manufacturing and sourcing, and business strategy personnel and has full accountability for improving execution through greater asset and market focus, agility and responsiveness. This business structure aligns with the markets and customers we serve through each of the segments. This structure also facilitates the continued standardization of business processes across the organization, and is consistent with the manner in which information is presently used internally by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to evaluate performance and make resource allocation decisions.
Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments is shown in the following tables. The “All Other” category includes only the fine chemistry services business that does not fit into any of our core businesses.
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Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The Corporate category is not considered to be a segment and includes corporate-related items not allocated to the operating segments. Pension and OPEB service cost (which represents the benefits earned by active employees during the period) and amortization of prior service cost or benefit are allocated to the reportable segments, All Other, and Corporate, whereas the remaining components of pension and OPEB benefits cost or credit (“Non-operating pension and OPEB items”) are included in Corporate. Segment data includes inter-segment transfers of raw materials at cost and allocations for certain corporate costs.
The Company’s chief operating decision maker uses adjusted EBITDA (as defined below) to assess the ongoing performance of the Company’s business segments and to allocate resources. The Company defines adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as adjusted on a consistent basis for certain non-recurring or unusual items in a balanced manner and on a segment basis. These non-recurring or unusual items may include acquisition and integration related costs, gains or losses on sales of businesses, restructuring charges, facility divestiture charges, non-operating pension and OPEB items and other significant non-recurring items. In addition, management uses adjusted EBITDA for business planning purposes and as a significant component in the calculation of performance-based compensation for management and other employees. The Company has reported adjusted EBITDA because management believes it provides transparency to investors and enables period-to-period comparability of financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, U.S. GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP, or any other financial measure reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands)
Net sales: |  |  |
Lithium | $ | 236,818 |  |  | $ | 291,886 |
Bromine Specialties | 231,592 |  |  | 249,052 |
Catalysts | 207,207 |  |  | 251,648 |
All Other | 63,228 |  |  | 39,478 |
Total net sales | $ | 738,845 |  |  | $ | 832,064 |
Adjusted EBITDA: |  |  |
Lithium | $ | 78,637 |  |  | $ | 115,616 |
Bromine Specialties | 83,262 |  |  | 78,597 |
Catalysts | 47,470 |  |  | 60,071 |
All Other | 22,824 |  |  | 7,243 |
Corporate | (35,828 | ) |  | (35,660 | )
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 196,365 |  |  | $ | 225,867 |

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Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
See below for a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA, the non-GAAP financial measure, from Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP (in thousands):

| Lithium |  | Bromine Specialties |  | Catalysts |  | Reportable Segments Total |  | All Other |  | Corporate |  | Consolidated Total
Three months ended March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Albemarle Corporation | $ | 53,240 |  |  | $ | 71,665 |  |  | $ | 34,892 |  |  | $ | 159,797 |  |  | $ | 20,846 |  |  | $ | (73,439 | ) |  | $ | 107,204 |
Depreciation and amortization | 25,397 |  |  | 11,597 |  |  | 12,578 |  |  | 49,572 |  |  | 1,978 |  |  | 2,144 |  |  | 53,694 |
Restructuring and other(a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,847 |  |  | 1,847 |
Acquisition and integration related costs(b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,951 |  |  | 2,951 |
Interest and financing expenses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,885 |  |  | 16,885 |
Income tax expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,442 |  |  | 18,442 |
Non-operating pension and OPEB items | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,908 | ) |  | (2,908 | )
Other(c) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,750 | ) |  | (1,750 | )
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 78,637 |  |  | $ | 83,262 |  |  | $ | 47,470 |  |  | $ | 209,369 |  |  | $ | 22,824 |  |  | $ | (35,828 | ) |  | $ | 196,365 |
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Albemarle Corporation | $ | 93,169 |  |  | $ | 67,480 |  |  | $ | 47,859 |  |  | $ | 208,508 |  |  | $ | 5,206 |  |  | $ | (80,145 | ) |  | $ | 133,569 |
Depreciation and amortization | 22,092 |  |  | 11,117 |  |  | 12,212 |  |  | 45,421 |  |  | 2,037 |  |  | 1,825 |  |  | 49,283 |
Acquisition and integration related costs(b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,285 |  |  | 5,285 |
Gain on sale of property(d) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,079 | ) |  | (11,079 | )
Interest and financing expenses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,586 |  |  | 12,586 |
Income tax expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37,514 |  |  | 37,514 |
Non-operating pension and OPEB items | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (583 | ) |  | (583 | )
Other(e) | 355 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 355 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,063 | ) |  | (708 | )
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 115,616 |  |  | $ | 78,597 |  |  | $ | 60,071 |  |  | $ | 254,284 |  |  | $ | 7,243 |  |  | $ | (35,660 | ) |  | $ | 225,867 |

(a) | Severance payments as part of a business reorganization plan, $0.7 million recorded in Cost of goods sold, $1.5 million recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses and a $0.3 million gain recorded in Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest for the portion of severance expense allocated to our Jordanian joint venture partner.

(b) | Included acquisition and integration related costs relating to various significant projects. For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $3.0 million and $5.3 million was recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively.

(c) | Included amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2020 recorded in:

▪ | Other income, net - $2.6 million gain resulting from the settlement of a legal matter related to a business sold, partially offset by a $0.8 million loss resulting from the adjustment of indemnifications related to previously disposed businesses.

(d) | Gain recorded in Other income, net related to the sale of land in Pasadena, Texas not used as part of our operations.

(e) | Included amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2019 recorded in:

▪ | Cost of goods sold - $0.4 million related to non-routine labor and compensation related costs in Chile that are outside normal compensation arrangements.

▪ | Selling, general and administrative expenses - Severance payments as part of a business reorganization plan of $0.5 million.

▪ | Other income, net - $1.6 million of a net gain resulting from the adjustment of indemnifications and other liabilities related to previously disposed businesses.

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Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
NOTE 12—Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits:
The components of pension and postretirement benefits cost (credit) for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Pension Benefits Cost (Credit): |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 1,214 |  |  | $ | 1,130 |
Interest cost | 6,687 |  |  | 8,320 |
Expected return on assets | (10,063 | ) |  | (9,452 | )
Amortization of prior service benefit | (51 | ) |  | 6 |
Total net pension benefits (credit) cost | $ | (2,213 | ) |  | $ | 4 |
Postretirement Benefits Cost: |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 24 |
Interest cost | 468 |  |  | 549 |
Total net postretirement benefits cost | $ | 494 |  |  | $ | 573 |
Total net pension and postretirement benefits (credit) cost | $ | (1,719 | ) |  | $ | 577 |

All components of net benefit cost (credit), other than service cost, are included in Other income, net on the consolidated statements of income.
During the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we made contributions of $5.4 million and $2.7 million respectively, to our qualified and nonqualified pension plans.
We paid $0.7 million and $0.9 million in premiums to the U.S. postretirement benefit plan during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
NOTE 13—Fair Value of Financial Instruments:
In assessing the fair value of financial instruments, we use methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and other risk factors existing at the time of assessment. Fair value information for our financial instruments is as follows:
Long-Term Debt—the fair values of our notes are estimated using Level 1 inputs and account for the difference between the recorded amount and fair value of our long-term debt. The carrying value of our remaining long-term debt reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets approximates fair value as substantially all of such debt bears interest based on prevailing variable market rates currently available in the countries in which we have borrowings.

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| Recorded Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Recorded Amount |  | Fair Value
| (In thousands)
Long-term debt | $ | 3,158,293 |  |  | $ | 3,015,381 |  |  | $ | 3,069,417 |  |  | $ | 3,173,341 |

Foreign Currency Forward Contracts—During the fourth quarter of 2019, we entered into a foreign currency forward contract, with a notional value of 727.9 million Australian Dollars to hedge the cash flow exposure of non-functional currency purchases during the construction of the Kemerton plant in Australia. This derivative financial instrument is used to manage risk and is not used for trading or other speculative purposes. This foreign currency forward contract has been designated as a hedging instrument under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had outstanding designated foreign currency forward contracts with notional values totaling the equivalent of $367.7 million and $481.2 million, respectively.
We also enter into foreign currency forward contracts in connection with our risk management strategies that have not been designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, in an attempt to minimize the financial impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These derivative financial instruments are used to manage risk and are not used for trading or other speculative purposes. The fair values of our non-designated foreign currency forward contracts are
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Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
estimated based on current settlement values. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had outstanding non-designated foreign currency forward contracts with notional values totaling $814.0 million and $1.15 billion, respectively, hedging our exposure to various currencies including the Euro, Chinese Renminbi, Chilean Peso and Australian Dollar.
The following table summarizes the fair value of our foreign currency forward contracts included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Designated as hedging instruments(a) | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44,556 |  |  | $ | 5,369 |  |  | $ | — |
Not Designated as hedging instruments(b) | 38 |  |  | 4,352 |  |  | 2,032 |  |  | 3,613 |
Total | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 48,908 |  |  | $ | 7,401 |  |  | $ | 3,613 |

(a) | Included $33.2 million in Accrued expenses and $11.4 million in Other liabilities at March 31, 2020 and $3.7 million in Other current assets and $1.7 million in Other assets at December 31, 2019.

(b) | Included less than $0.1 million in Other current assets and $4.4 million in Accrued expenses at March 31, 2020 and $2.0 million in Other current assets and $3.6 million in Accrued expenses at December 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes the net losses recognized for our foreign currency forward contracts during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Designated as hedging instruments |  |  |
Losses recognized in Other comprehensive (loss) income | (51,460 | ) |  | — |
Not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |
Losses recognized in Other income, net(a) | (5,454 | ) |  | (10,415 | )

(a) | Fluctuations in the value of our foreign currency forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments are generally expected to be offset by changes in the value of the underlying exposures being hedged, which are also reported in Other income, net.

In addition, for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded net cash settlements of $6.8 million and $10.4 million, respectively, in Other, net, in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
As of March 31, 2020, there are no unrealized gains or losses related to the cash flow hedge expected to be reclassified to earnings in the next twelve months.
The counterparties to our foreign currency forward contracts are major financial institutions with which we generally have other financial relationships. We are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by these counterparties. However, we do not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties.
NOTE 14—Fair Value Measurement:
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The inputs used to measure fair value are classified into the following hierarchy:

Level 1 | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability
Level 3 | Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability

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Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
We endeavor to utilize the best available information in measuring fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following tables set forth our financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

| March 31, 2020 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2) |  | Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments under executive deferred compensation plan(a) | $ | 26,753 |  |  | $ | 26,753 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Private equity securities(b) | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Private equity securities measured at net asset value(b)(c) | $ | 4,890 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign currency forward contracts(d) | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations under executive deferred compensation plan(a) | $ | 26,753 |  |  | $ | 26,753 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign currency forward contracts(d) | $ | 48,908 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 48,908 |  |  | $ | — |

| December 31, 2019 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Similar Items (Level 2) |  | Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments under executive deferred compensation plan(a) | $ | 28,715 |  |  | $ | 28,715 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Private equity securities(b) | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Private equity securities measured at net asset value(b)(c) | $ | 4,890 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign currency forward contracts(d) | $ | 7,401 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,401 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations under executive deferred compensation plan(a) | $ | 28,715 |  |  | $ | 28,715 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign currency forward contracts(d) | $ | 3,613 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,613 |  |  | $ | — |

(a) | We maintain an Executive Deferred Compensation Plan (“EDCP”) that was adopted in 2001 and subsequently amended. The purpose of the EDCP is to provide current tax planning opportunities as well as supplemental funds upon the retirement or death of certain of our employees. The EDCP is intended to aid in attracting and retaining employees of exceptional ability by providing them with these benefits. We also maintain a Benefit Protection Trust (the “Trust”) that was created to provide a source of funds to assist in meeting the obligations of the EDCP, subject to the claims of our creditors in the event of our insolvency. Assets of the Trust are consolidated in accordance with authoritative guidance. The assets of the Trust consist primarily of mutual fund investments (which are accounted for as trading securities and are marked-to-market on a monthly basis through the consolidated statements of income) and cash and cash equivalents. As such, these assets and obligations are classified within Level 1.

(b) | Primarily consists of private equity securities classified as available-for-sale and are reported in Investments in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The changes in fair value are reported in Other income, net, in our consolidated statements of income.

(c) | Holdings in certain private equity securities are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient and have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy.

(d) | As a result of our global operating and financing activities, we are exposed to market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which may adversely affect our operating results and financial position. When deemed appropriate, we minimize our risks from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations through the use of foreign currency forward contracts. The foreign currency forward contracts are valued using broker quotations or market transactions in either the listed or over-the-counter markets. As such, these derivative instruments are classified within Level 2. See Note 13, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” for further details about our foreign currency forward contracts.

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ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
NOTE 15—Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income:
The components and activity in Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (net of deferred income taxes) consisted of the following during the periods indicated below (in thousands):

| Foreign Currency Translation |  | Pension and Post-Retirement Benefits(a) |  | Net Investment Hedge |  | Cash Flow Hedge(b) |  | Interest Rate Swap(c) |  | Total
Three months ended March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | (469,210 | ) |  | $ | 473 |  |  | $ | 80,778 |  |  | $ | 4,847 |  |  | $ | (12,623 | ) |  | $ | (395,735 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications | (81,986 | ) |  | — |  |  | 2,081 |  |  | (51,460 | ) |  | — |  |  | (131,365 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 648 |  |  | 657 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax | (81,986 | ) |  | 9 |  |  | 2,081 |  |  | (51,460 | ) |  | 648 |  |  | (130,708 | )
Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (46 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (46 | )
Balance at March 31, 2020 | $ | (551,242 | ) |  | $ | 482 |  |  | $ | 82,859 |  |  | $ | (46,613 | ) |  | $ | (11,975 | ) |  | $ | (526,489 | )
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | (407,646 | ) |  | $ | (159 | ) |  | $ | 72,337 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (15,214 | ) |  | $ | (350,682 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications | (10,855 | ) |  | — |  |  | 3,304 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,551 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 641 |  |  | 648 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax | (10,855 | ) |  | 7 |  |  | 3,304 |  |  | — |  |  | 641 |  |  | (6,903 | )
Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |
Balance at March 31, 2019 | $ | (418,454 | ) |  | $ | (152 | ) |  | $ | 75,641 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (14,573 | ) |  | $ | (357,538 | )

(a) | The pre-tax portion of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of amortization of prior service benefit, which is a component of pension and postretirement benefits cost (credit). See Note 12, “Pension Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits,” for additional information.

(b) | We entered into a foreign currency forward contract, which was designated and accounted for as a cash flow hedge under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. See Note 13, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” for additional information.

(c) | The pre-tax portion of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss is included in interest expense.

The amount of income tax benefit (expense) allocated to each component of Other comprehensive (loss) income for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 is provided in the following tables (in thousands):

| Foreign Currency Translation |  | Pension and Postretirement Benefits |  | Net Investment Hedge |  | Cash Flow Hedge |  | Interest Rate Swap
Three months ended March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax | $ | (81,989 | ) |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 2,675 |  |  | $ | (51,460 | ) |  | $ | 834 |
Income tax benefit (expense) | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | (594 | ) |  | — |  |  | (186 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax | $ | (81,986 | ) |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 2,081 |  |  | $ | (51,460 | ) |  | $ | 648 |
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax | $ | (10,854 | ) |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 4,299 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 834 |
Income tax expense | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (995 | ) |  | — |  |  | (193 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax | $ | (10,855 | ) |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 3,304 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 641 |

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ALBEMARLE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
NOTE 16—Related Party Transactions:
Our consolidated statements of income include sales to and purchases from unconsolidated affiliates in the ordinary course of business as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Sales to unconsolidated affiliates | $ | 7,217 |  |  | $ | 4,291 |
Purchases from unconsolidated affiliates(a) | $ | 76,475 |  |  | $ | 63,499 |

(a) | Purchases from unconsolidated affiliates primarily relate to purchases from our Windfield joint venture.

Our condensed consolidated balance sheets include accounts receivable due from and payable to unconsolidated affiliates in the ordinary course of business as follows (in thousands):

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Receivables from unconsolidated affiliates | $ | 7,866 |  |  | $ | 7,163 |
Payables to unconsolidated affiliates(a) | $ | 72,357 |  |  | $ | 35,502 |

(a) | Increase in payables to unconsolidated affiliates primarily relates to the timing of payments due to our Windfield joint venture for purchases of spodumene.

NOTE 17—Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
Supplemental information related to the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows is as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Supplemental non-cash disclosure related to investing activities: |  |  |
Capital expenditures included in Accounts payable | $ | 176,464 |  |  | $ | 111,225 |

As part of the purchase price paid for the acquisition of a 60% interest in MRL’s Wodgina Project, the Company transferred $36.7 million of its construction in progress of the designated Kemerton assets during the three months ended March 31, 2020, representing MRL’s 40% interest in the assets. Since the acquisition, we have transferred $201.4 million of construction in progress to MRL through March 31, 2020. The cash outflow for these assets is recorded in Capital expenditures within Cash flows from investing activities on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company expects to transfer a total of approximately $480 million over the construction of these assets, as defined in the purchase agreement. See Note 2, “Acquisitions,” for further details.
NOTE 18—Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements:
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued accounting guidance that, among other things, changes the way entities recognize impairment of financial assets by requiring immediate recognition of estimated credit losses expected to occur over the remaining life of the financial asset. Additional disclosures are required regarding an entity’s assumptions, models and methods for estimating the expected credit loss. This guidance became effective on January 1, 2020 and did not have a significant impact on our financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued accounting guidance to simplify the accounting for goodwill imp airment. The guidance removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a reporting unit to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill by assigning the fair value of a reporting unit to all of its assets and liabilities as if that reporting unit has been acquired in a business combination. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. All other goodwill impairment guidance will remain unchanged. Entities will continue to have the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if a quantitative impairment test is necessary. This guidance became effective on January 1, 2020 and did not have a significant impact on our financial statements.
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-looking Statements
Some of the information presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the documents incorporated by reference, may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, which are in turn based on assumptions that we believe are reasonable based on our current knowledge of our business and operations. We have used words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “should,” “would,” “will” and variations of such words and similar expressions to identify such forward-looking statements.
These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. There can be no assurance that our actual results will not differ materially from the results and expectations expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the outlook expressed or implied in any forward-looking statement include, without limitation, information related to:

• | changes in economic and business conditions;

• | changes in financial and operating performance of our major customers and industries and markets served by us;

• | the timing of orders received from customers;

• | the gain or loss of significant customers;

• | competition from other manufacturers;

• | changes in the demand for our products or the end-user markets in which our products are sold;

• | limitations or prohibitions on the manufacture and sale of our products;

• | availability of raw materials;

• | increases in the cost of raw materials and energy, and our ability to pass through such increases to our customers;

• | changes in our markets in general;

• | fluctuations in foreign currencies;

• | changes in laws and government regulation impacting our operations or our products;

• | the occurrence of regulatory actions, proceedings, claims or litigation;

• | the occurrence of cyber-security breaches, terrorist attacks, industrial accidents, natural disasters or climate change;

• | hazards associated with chemicals manufacturing;

• | the inability to maintain current levels of product or premises liability insurance or the denial of such coverage;

• | political unrest affecting the global economy, including adverse effects from terrorism or hostilities;

• | political instability affecting our manufacturing operations or joint ventures;

• | changes in accounting standards;

• | the inability to achieve results from our global manufacturing cost reduction initiatives as well as our ongoing continuous improvement and rationalization programs;

• | changes in the jurisdictional mix of our earnings and changes in tax laws and rates;

• | changes in monetary policies, inflation or interest rates that may impact our ability to raise capital or increase our cost of funds, impact the performance of our pension fund investments and increase our pension expense and funding obligations;

• | volatility and uncertainties in the debt and equity markets;

• | technology or intellectual property infringement, including through cyber-security breaches, and other innovation risks;

• | decisions we may make in the future;

• | the ability to successfully execute, operate and integrate acquisitions and divestitures;

• | uncertainties as to the duration and impact of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic; and

• | the other factors detailed from time to time in the reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

We assume no obligation to provide revisions to any forward-looking statements should circumstances change, except as otherwise required by securities and other applicable laws. The following discussion should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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The following is a discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. A discussion of our consolidated financial condition and sources of additional capital is included under a separate heading “Financial Condition and Liquidity.”
Overview
We are a leading global developer, manufacturer and marketer of highly-engineered specialty chemicals that are designed to meet our customers’ needs across a diverse range of end markets. The end markets we serve include energy storage, petroleum refining, consumer electronics, construction, automotive, lubricants, pharmaceuticals, crop protection and custom chemistry services. We believe that our commercial and geographic diversity, technical expertise, innovative capability, flexible, low-cost global manufacturing base, experienced management team and strategic focus on our core base technologies will enable us to maintain leading market positions in those areas of the specialty chemicals industry in which we operate.
Secular trends favorably impacting demand within the end markets that we serve combined with our diverse product portfolio, broad geographic presence and customer-focused solutions will continue to be key drivers of our future earnings growth. We continue to build upon our existing green solutions portfolio and our ongoing mission to provide innovative, yet commercially viable, clean energy products and services to the marketplace to contribute to our sustainable revenue. For example, our Lithium business contributes to the growth of clean miles driven with electric miles and more efficient use of renewable energy through grid storage; Bromine Specialties enables the prevention of fires starting in electronic equipment, greater fuel efficiency from rubber tires and the reduction of emissions from coal fired power plants; and the Catalysts business creates efficiency of natural resources through more usable products from a single barrel of oil, enables safer, greener production of alkylates used to produce more environmentally-friendly fuels, and reduced emissions through cleaner transportation fuels. We believe our disciplined cost reduction efforts and ongoing productivity improvements, among other factors, position us well to take advantage of strengthening economic conditions as they occur, while softening the negative impact of the current challenging global economic environment.
First Quarter 2020
During the first quarter of 2020:

• | Our board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.385 per share on February 28, 2020, which was paid on April 1, 2020 to shareholders of record at the close of business as of March 13, 2020.

• | In February 2020, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Luke Kissam advised the Board of Directors that he will retire from his roles as an officer and director of Albemarle effective June 2020, for health reasons. On April 20, 2020, we announced that J. Kent Masters has been elected Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, effective immediately. Luke Kissam will stay on through June 2020 in an advisory capacity to ensure an orderly leadership transition. In addition, Mr. Kissam will continue to serve on the Board of Directors through the annual meeting of shareholders in 2021, as he was re-elected at our 2020 annual meeting of shareholders on May 5, 2020.

• | Our net sales for the quarter were $738.8 million, down 11% from net sales of $832.1 million in the first quarter of 2019.

• | Diluted earnings per share were $1.01, a decrease from first quarter 2019 results of $1.26 per diluted share.

• | Net cash provided by operations was $155.1 million, an increase of 182% from first quarter 2019.

Outlook
The current global business environment presents a diverse set of opportunities and challenges in the markets we serve. In particular, the market for lithium battery and energy storage continues to accelerate, providing the opportunity to continue to develop high quality and innovative products while managing the high cost of expanding capacity. The other markets we serve continue to present various opportunities for value and growth as we have positioned ourselves to manage the impact on our business of changing global conditions, such as slow and uneven global growth, currency exchange volatility, crude oil price fluctuation, a dynamic pricing environment, an ever-changing landscape in electronics, the continuous need for cutting edge catalysts and technology by our refinery customers and increasingly stringent environmental standards. Amidst these dynamics, we believe our business fundamentals are sound and that we are strategically well-positioned as we remain focused on increasing sales volumes, optimizing and improving the value of our portfolio primarily through pricing and product development, managing costs and delivering value to our customers and shareholders. We believe that our businesses remain well-positioned to capitalize on new business opportunities and long-term trends driving growth within our end markets and to respond quickly to changes in economic conditions in these markets.
Currently, COVID-19 is having an impact on overall global economic conditions. While we have not seen a material financial impact to date, the ultimate impact on our business will depend on the length and severity of the outbreak throughout
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the world. All of our sites are operating at normal capacity while we continue to comply with all government and health agency recommendations and requirements, as well as protecting the safety of our employees and communities. We believe we have sufficient inventory to continue to produce at current levels, however, government mandated shutdowns could impact our ability to acquire additional materials and disrupt our customers’ purchases. At this time we cannot predict the expected overall financial impact of COVID-19 on our business, but we are planning for various economic scenarios to make efforts to protect the safety of our employees and the health of our business.
Lithium: We expect results to decline year-over-year during 2020 in Lithium, due mainly to pricing pressure in certain markets, partially offset by productivity enhancements across our business. There is no new capacity coming online during 2020 to drive significant additional volume. We have not experienced a material impact from COVID-19 to date, however, our position in the automotive OEM supply chain may delay the overall impact to Lithium. While our plants in China temporarily operated at reduced rates during the first quarter due to operating restrictions, both plants are now back at normal capacity. We are continuing to monitor the Lithium impact for the remainder of the year as global electric vehicle production has slowed. In addition, following the acquisition of 60% interest in the Wodgina spodumene mine, we have made the decision to idle production of spodumene until demand supports bringing the mine back into production.
On a longer-term basis, we believe that demand for lithium will continue to grow as new lithium applications advance and the use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and full battery electric vehicles increases. This demand for lithium is supported by a favorable backdrop of steadily declining lithium ion battery costs, increasing battery performance and favorable global public policy toward e-mobility/renewable energy usage. Our outlook is also bolstered by long-term supply agreements with key strategic customers, reflecting our standing as a preferred global lithium partner, highlighted by our scale, access to geographically diverse, low-cost resources and long-term track record of reliability of supply and operating execution.
Bromine Specialties: We expect both net sales and profitability to be down in 2020, driven by logistics challenges and lower overall average selling prices as global bromine supply and demand comes into balance, as well as lower demand from recent shutdowns related to COVID-19. Our current demand continues to be strong and we have not experienced a material impact from COVID-19 to date, however, we are likely to see the effect in the second half of 2020 due to our position in the supply chain as our global customer and suppliers experience disruptions.
On a longer-term basis, we continue to believe that improving global standards of living, widespread digitization, increasing demand for data management capacity and the potential for increasingly stringent fire safety regulations in developing markets are likely to drive continued demand for fire safety products. Our long-term drilling outlook is uncertain at this time and will follow a long term trajectory in line with oil prices. We are focused on profitably growing our globally competitive bromine and derivatives production network to serve all major bromine consuming products and markets. The combination of our solid, long-term business fundamentals, strong cost position, product innovations and effective management of raw material costs will enable us to manage our business through end-market challenges and to capitalize on opportunities that are expected with favorable market trends in select end markets.
Catalysts: We expect both net sales and profitability to be down in 2020, driven by logistics challenges and significantly lower demand due to stay at home orders and travel restrictions resulting from COVID-19. The travel restrictions impacted FCC in the first quarter due to reduced transportation fuel demand in Asia and we expect similar downturns in demand during the remainder of the year, as the rest of the world has implemented similar restrictions. As these restrictions are lifted, we expect fuel demand to recover, however, at this time we are unable to predict the timing of these changes. To date, we have not seen a material impact to HPC. However, as customers focus on reducing capital spending in 2020 we are likely to see a negative impact in the second half of 2020 if refiners are able to defer change outs. We will continue to monitor the situation as we expect our global customer and suppliers to continue to experience disruptions resulting from the impact of COVID-19.
On a longer-term basis, we believe increased global demand for transportation fuels, new refinery start-ups and ongoing adoption of cleaner fuels will be the primary drivers of growth in our Catalysts business. We believe delivering superior end-use performance continues to be the most effective way to create sustainable value in the refinery catalysts industry. We believe our technologies continue to provide significant performance and financial benefits to refiners challenged to meet tighter regulations around the world, including those managing new contaminants present in North America tight oil, and those in the Middle East and Asia seeking to use heavier feedstock while pushing for higher propylene yields. Longer-term, we believe that the global crude supply will get heavier and more sour, a trend that bodes well for our catalysts portfolio. With superior technology and production capacities, and expected growth in end market demand, we believe that Catalysts remains well-positioned for the future. In PCS, we expect growth on a longer-term basis in our organometallic business due to growing global demand for plastics driven by rising standards of living and infrastructure spending. As previously announced, we have begun to pursue opportunities to divest PCS, however, travel restrictions from COVID-19 have temporarily delayed due diligence process.
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All Other: The fine chemistry services business is reported outside the Company’s reportable segments as it does not fit in the Company’s core businesses. We expect the near future prospects for the fine chemistry services business to continue to be impacted by the timing of customer orders in a strong pharmaceutical and agriculture contract manufacturing environment. As previously announced, we have begun to pursue opportunities to divest our fine chemistry services business, however, travel restrictions from COVID-19 have temporarily delayed due diligence process.
Corporate: In the first quarter of 2020, we increased our quarterly dividend rate to $0.385 per share. We continue to focus on cash generation, working capital management and process efficiencies. We expect our global effective tax rate for 2020 to continue to vary based on the locales in which income is actually earned and remains subject to potential volatility from changing legislation in the U.S., including the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), and other tax jurisdictions.
We remain committed to evaluating the merits of any opportunities that may arise for acquisitions or other business development activities that will complement our business footprint. Additional information regarding our products, markets and financial performance is provided at our website, www.albemarle.com. Our website is not a part of this document nor is it incorporated herein by reference.
Results of Operations
The following data and discussion provides an analysis of certain significant factors affecting our results of operations during the periods included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
First Quarter 2020 Compared to First Quarter 2019
Selected Financial Data (Unaudited)
Net Sales

In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net sales | $ | 738,845 |  |  | $ | 832,064 |  |  | $ | (93,219 | ) |  | (11 | )%
▪ $79.9 million of lower sales volume from each of our reportable segments ▪ $13.6 million of unfavorable pricing driven by Lithium

Gross Profit

In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Gross profit | $ | 242,018 |  |  | $ | 283,486 |  |  | $ | (41,468 | ) |  | (15 | )%
Gross profit margin | 32.8 | % |  | 34.1 | % |  |  |  |
▪ Lower sales volume from each of our reportable segments and unfavorable pricing impacts driven by Lithium ▪ Lower raw material costs in our Catalysts segment from a reduction in metal prices ▪ Unfavorable currency exchange impacts resulting from the stronger U.S. Dollar against various currencies

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 101,877 |  |  | $ | 113,355 |  |  | $ | (11,478 | ) |  | (10 | )%
Percentage of Net sales | 13.8 | % |  | 13.6 | % |  |  |  |
▪ Lower professional fees and other administrative costs resulting from our cost savings initiative ▪ $2.3 million of lower acquisition and integration related costs

Research and Development Expenses

In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Research and development expenses | $ | 16,097 |  |  | $ | 14,977 |  |  | $ | 1,120 |  |  | 7 | %
Percentage of Net sales | 2.2 | % |  | 1.8 | % |  |  |  |
▪ Increased research and development spend in Bromine Specialties

Interest and Financing Expenses
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In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Interest and financing expenses | $ | (16,885 | ) |  | $ | (12,586 | ) |  | $ | (4,299 | ) |  | 34 | %
▪ Increased debt balance in 2020, primarily related to the funding of the Wodgina Project acquisition ▪ The increase was partially offset by higher capitalized interest from continued capital expenditure spend in 2020

Other Income, Net

In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Other income, net | $ | 8,314 |  |  | $ | 11,291 |  |  | $ | (2,977 | ) |  | (26 | )%
▪ $11.1 million gain related to the sale of land in Pasadena, Texas in 2019 ▪ $2.3 million increase in losses related to the adjustment of indemnifications related to previously divested businesses ▪ $11.4 million increase in foreign exchange gains

Income Tax Expense

In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Income tax expense | $ | 18,442 |  |  | $ | 37,514 |  |  | $ | (19,072 | ) |  | (51 | )%
Effective income tax rate | 16.0 | % |  | 24.4 | % |  |  |  |
▪ Change in geographic mix of earnings, mainly attributable to our share of the income of our Jordan Bromine Company Limited (“JBC”) joint venture, a Free Zones company under the laws of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

Equity in Net Income of Unconsolidated Investments

In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Equity in net income of unconsolidated investments | $ | 26,604 |  |  | $ | 35,181 |  |  | $ | (8,577 | ) |  | (24 | )%
▪ Lower earnings from our Lithium segment joint venture, Windfield Holdings Pty Ltd, primarily driven by foreign currency losses of $12.6 million

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | $ | (16,431 | ) |  | $ | (17,957 | ) |  | $ | 1,526 |  |  | (8 | )%
▪ Decrease in consolidated income related to our JBC joint venture from lower sales volume

Net Income Attributable to Albemarle Corporation

In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation | $ | 107,204 |  |  | $ | 133,569 |  |  | $ | (26,365 | ) |  | (20 | )%
Percentage of Net sales | 14.5 | % |  | 16.1 | % |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.01 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | (0.25 | ) |  | (20 | )%
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.01 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | (0.25 | ) |  | (20 | )%
▪ No material impact to results from COVID-19 in the first quarter of 2020 ▪ Decrease primarily due to decreased sales volume in each of our reportable segments and unfavorable price impacts in Lithium ▪ Lower raw material and royalty costs from lower sales volume ▪ Lower professional fees and other administrative costs resulting from our cost savings initiative

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Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax

In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | $ | (130,708 | ) |  | $ | (6,903 | ) |  | $ | (123,805 | ) |  | 1,793 | %
▪ Foreign currency translation | $ | (81,986 | ) |  | $ | (10,855 | ) |  | $ | (71,131 | ) |  | 655 | %
▪ 2020 included unfavorable movements in the Euro of approximately $55 million, the Brazilian Real of approximately $16 million, the Chilean Peso of approximately $5 million and a net unfavorable variance in various other currencies totaling approximately $6 million ▪ 2019 included unfavorable movements in the Euro of approximately $14 million and the Brazilian Real of approximately $2 million, partially offset by a net favorable variance in various other currencies totaling approximately $5 million
▪ Cash flow hedge | $ | (51,460 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (51,460 | ) |  |
▪ Net investment hedge | $ | 2,081 |  |  | $ | 3,304 |  |  | $ | (1,223 | ) |  | (37 | )%

Segment Information Overview. We have identified three reportable segments according to the nature and economic characteristics of our products as well as the manner in which the information is used internally by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to evaluate performance and make resource allocation decisions. Our reportable business segments consist of: (1) Lithium, (2) Bromine Specialties and (3) Catalysts.
Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments is shown in the following tables. The “All Other” category includes only the fine chemistry services business, that does not fit into any of our core businesses.
The Corporate category is not considered to be a segment and includes corporate-related items not allocated to the operating segments. Pension and OPEB service cost (which represents the benefits earned by active employees during the period) and amortization of prior service cost or benefit are allocated to the reportable segments, All Other, and Corporate, whereas the remaining components of pension and OPEB benefits cost or credit (“Non-operating pension and OPEB items”) are included in Corporate. Segment data includes intersegment transfers of raw materials at cost and allocations for certain corporate costs.
The Company’s chief operating decision maker uses adjusted EBITDA (as defined below) to assess the ongoing performance of the Company’s business segments and to allocate resources. The Company defines adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as adjusted on a consistent basis for certain non-recurring or unusual items in a balanced manner and on a segment basis. These non-recurring or unusual items may include acquisition and integration related costs, gains or losses on sales of businesses, restructuring charges, facility divestiture charges, non-operating pension and OPEB items and other significant non-recurring items. In addition, management uses adjusted EBITDA for business planning purposes and as a significant component in the calculation of performance-based compensation for management and other employees. The Company has reported adjusted EBITDA because management believes it provides transparency to investors and enables period-to-period comparability of financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, U.S. GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP, or any other financial measure reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
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| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Percentage Change
| 2020 |  | % |  | 2019 |  | % |  | 2020 vs 2019
| (In thousands, except percentages)
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lithium | $ | 236,818 |  |  | 32.1 | % |  | $ | 291,886 |  |  | 35.1 | % |  | (19 | )%
Bromine Specialties | 231,592 |  |  | 31.3 | % |  | 249,052 |  |  | 29.9 | % |  | (7 | )%
Catalysts | 207,207 |  |  | 28.0 | % |  | 251,648 |  |  | 30.2 | % |  | (18 | )%
All Other | 63,228 |  |  | 8.6 | % |  | 39,478 |  |  | 4.8 | % |  | 60 | %
Total net sales | $ | 738,845 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 832,064 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | (11 | )%
Adjusted EBITDA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lithium | $ | 78,637 |  |  | 40.0 | % |  | $ | 115,616 |  |  | 51.2 | % |  | (32 | )%
Bromine Specialties | 83,262 |  |  | 42.4 | % |  | 78,597 |  |  | 34.8 | % |  | 6 | %
Catalysts | 47,470 |  |  | 24.2 | % |  | 60,071 |  |  | 26.6 | % |  | (21 | )%
All Other | 22,824 |  |  | 11.6 | % |  | 7,243 |  |  | 3.2 | % |  | 215 | %
Corporate | (35,828 | ) |  | (18.2 | )% |  | (35,660 | ) |  | (15.8 | )% |  | — | %
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 196,365 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 225,867 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | (13 | )%

See below for a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA, the non-GAAP financial measure, from Net income attributable to Albemarle Corporation, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP, (in thousands):

| Lithium |  | Bromine Specialties |  | Catalysts |  | Reportable Segments Total |  | All Other |  | Corporate |  | Consolidated Total
Three months ended March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Albemarle Corporation | $ | 53,240 |  |  | $ | 71,665 |  |  | $ | 34,892 |  |  | $ | 159,797 |  |  | $ | 20,846 |  |  | $ | (73,439 | ) |  | $ | 107,204 |
Depreciation and amortization | 25,397 |  |  | 11,597 |  |  | 12,578 |  |  | 49,572 |  |  | 1,978 |  |  | 2,144 |  |  | 53,694 |
Restructuring and other(a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,847 |  |  | 1,847 |
Acquisition and integration related costs(b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,951 |  |  | 2,951 |
Interest and financing expenses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,885 |  |  | 16,885 |
Income tax expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,442 |  |  | 18,442 |
Non-operating pension and OPEB items | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,908 | ) |  | (2,908 | )
Other(c) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,750 | ) |  | (1,750 | )
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 78,637 |  |  | $ | 83,262 |  |  | $ | 47,470 |  |  | $ | 209,369 |  |  | $ | 22,824 |  |  | $ | (35,828 | ) |  | $ | 196,365 |
Three months ended March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Albemarle Corporation | $ | 93,169 |  |  | $ | 67,480 |  |  | $ | 47,859 |  |  | $ | 208,508 |  |  | $ | 5,206 |  |  | $ | (80,145 | ) |  | $ | 133,569 |
Depreciation and amortization | 22,092 |  |  | 11,117 |  |  | 12,212 |  |  | 45,421 |  |  | 2,037 |  |  | 1,825 |  |  | 49,283 |
Acquisition and integration related costs(b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,285 |  |  | 5,285 |
Gain on sale of property(d) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,079 | ) |  | (11,079 | )
Interest and financing expenses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,586 |  |  | 12,586 |
Income tax expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37,514 |  |  | 37,514 |
Non-operating pension and OPEB items | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (583 | ) |  | (583 | )
Other(e) | 355 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 355 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,063 | ) |  | (708 | )
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 115,616 |  |  | $ | 78,597 |  |  | $ | 60,071 |  |  | $ | 254,284 |  |  | $ | 7,243 |  |  | $ | (35,660 | ) |  | $ | 225,867 |

(a) | Severance payments as part of a business reorganization plan, $0.7 million recorded in Cost of goods sold, $1.5 million recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses and a $0.3 million gain recorded in Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest for the portion of severance expense allocated to our Jordanian joint venture partner.

(b) | Included acquisition and integration related costs relating to various significant projects. For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, $3.0 million and $5.3 million was recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses, respectively.

(c) | Included amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2020 recorded in:

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▪ | Other income, net - $2.6 million gain resulting from the settlement of a legal matter related to a business sold, partially offset by a $0.8 million loss resulting from the adjustment of indemnifications related to previously disposed businesses.

(d) | Gain recorded in Other income, net related to the sale of land in Pasadena, Texas not used as part of our operations.

(e) | Included amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2019 recorded in:

▪ | Cost of goods sold - $0.4 million related to non-routine labor and compensation related costs in Chile that are outside normal compensation arrangements.

▪ | Selling, general and administrative expenses - Severance payments as part of a business reorganization plan of $0.5 million.

▪ | Other income, net - $1.6 million of a net gain resulting from the adjustment of indemnification and other liabilities related to previously disposed businesses.

Lithium

In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net sales | $ | 236,818 |  |  | $ | 291,886 |  |  | $ | (55,068 | ) |  | (19 | )%
▪ $26.5 million in lower sales volume, primarily in battery- and tech-grade lithium carbonate due to higher inventory levels at certain customers and current economic conditions ▪ $25.5 million of unfavorable pricing impacts, primarily in battery- and tech-grade carbonate and hydroxide due to lower contract pricing reflecting 2020 price adjustments agreed to with customers ▪ $3.0 million of unfavorable currency translation resulting from the stronger U.S. Dollar against various currencies
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 78,637 |  |  | $ | 115,616 |  |  | $ | (36,979 | ) |  | (32 | )%
▪ Unfavorable pricing impacts and lower sales volume ▪ Increase in certain material costs ▪ Partially offset by various cost savings initiatives ▪ $3.0 million of favorable currency translation resulting from a weaker Chilean Peso

Bromine Specialties

In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net sales | $ | 231,592 |  |  | $ | 249,052 |  |  | $ | (17,460 | ) |  | (7 | )%
▪ $28.8 million in lower sales volume related to logistics challenges ▪ $10.2 million in favorable pricing impacts in each bromine division ▪ $1.4 million of favorable currency translation resulting from the weaker U.S. Dollar against various currencies
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 83,262 |  |  | $ | 78,597 |  |  | $ | 4,665 |  |  | 6 | %
▪ Favorable pricing impacts and product mix, partially offset by lower sales volume ▪ Lower production and raw material costs

Catalysts

In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net sales | $ | 207,207 |  |  | $ | 251,648 |  |  | $ | (44,441 | ) |  | (18 | )%
▪ $48.6 million of lower sales volume, primarily from lower fuel demand due to stay at home orders and travel restrictions in Asia related to COVID-19 pandemic ▪ $2.1 million of favorable pricing impacts, primarily in PCS and FCC ▪ $2.0 million of favorable currency translation resulting from the weaker U.S. Dollar against various currencies
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 47,470 |  |  | $ | 60,071 |  |  | $ | (12,601 | ) |  | (21 | )%
▪ Lower sales volume resulting from lower fuel demand ▪ Lower raw material costs from a reduction in metal prices ▪ Favorable pricing impacts and product mix

All Other

In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net sales | $ | 63,228 |  |  | $ | 39,478 |  |  | $ | 23,750 |  |  | 60 | %
▪ Higher sales volume in our fine chemistry services business
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 22,824 |  |  | $ | 7,243 |  |  | $ | 15,581 |  |  | 215 | %
▪ Higher sales volume in our fine chemistry services business

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Corporate

In thousands | Q1 2020 |  | Q1 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (35,828 | ) |  | $ | (35,660 | ) |  | $ | (168 | ) |  | — | %
▪ $5.2 million of unfavorable currency exchange impacts ▪ Lower professional fees and other administrative costs resulting from our cost savings initiative

Financial Condition and Liquidity
Overview
The principal uses of cash in our business generally have been capital investments and resource development costs, funding working capital and service of debt. We also make contributions to our defined benefit pension plans, pay dividends to our shareholders and repurchase shares of our common stock. Historically, cash to fund the needs of our business has been principally provided by cash from operations, debt financing and equity issuances.
We are continually focused on working capital efficiency particularly in the areas of accounts receivable and inventory. We anticipate that cash on hand, cash provided by operating activities, proceeds from divestitures and borrowings will be sufficient to pay our operating expenses, satisfy debt service obligations, fund capital expenditures and other investing activities, fund pension contributions and pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
Cash Flow
During the first three months of 2020, cash on hand, cash provided by operations and a $250 million draw on our revolving credit facility funded $214.5 million of capital expenditures for plant, machinery and equipment, the repayment of approximately $152 million of short-term commercial paper notes and dividends to shareholders of $39.0 million. In addition, during the first quarter of 2020, we paid $22.6 million of agreed upon purchase price adjustments to Mineral Resources Limited as part of the acquisition of the Wodgina spodumene mine completed in 2019. Our operations provided $155.1 million of cash flows during the first three months of 2020, as compared to $54.9 million for the first three months of 2019, with the increase primarily arising from a working capital inflow, compared to an outflow in 2018. This was partially offset by decreased cash earnings from Lithium and Catalysts, and lower dividends received from unconsolidated investments. Our inflow from working capital changes in 2020 of $17.7 million was primarily due to the timing on collection of receivables and payments of accounts payable, as well as lower cash taxes paid, partially offset by increased inventory balances in Lithium and Catalysts due to the build-up of inventory for forecasted sales during the remainder of 2020. Overall, our cash and cash equivalents decreased by $59.9 million to $553.2 million at March 31, 2020 from $613.1 million at December 31, 2019.
Capital expenditures for the three-month period ended March 31, 2020 of $214.5 million were associated with plant, machinery and equipment. Our capital expenditure spending for 2020 is committed to Lithium growth and capacity increases, primarily in Australia and Chile, as well as productivity and continuity of operations projects in all segments. We forecast our 2020 capital expenditures to be approximately $850 to $950 million, reflecting anticipated delays in certain capital expenditure projects, including the construction of our Kemerton, Australia and La Negra, Chile plants, in order to maintain financial flexibility.
Net current assets were $962.3 million and $816.1 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The increase is primarily due to the repayment of short-term commercial paper notes outstanding using a $250 million draw on our revolving credit facility, partially offset by the use of cash for capital expenditures. Additional changes in the components of net current assets are primarily due to the timing of the sale of goods and other ordinary transactions leading up to the balance sheet dates. The additional changes are not the result of any policy changes by the Company, and do not reflect any change in either the quality of our net current assets or our expectation of success in converting net working capital to cash in the ordinary course of business.
On February 28, 2020, we increased our quarterly dividend rate to $0.385 per share, a 5% increase from the quarterly rate of $0.3675 per share paid in 2019.
At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents included $429.6 million and $565.6 million, respectively, held by our foreign subsidiaries. The majority of these foreign cash balances are associated with earnings that we have asserted are indefinitely reinvested and which we plan to use to support our continued growth plans outside the U.S. through funding of capital expenditures, acquisitions, research, operating expenses or other similar cash needs of our foreign operations. From time to time, we repatriate cash associated with earnings from our foreign subsidiaries to the U.S. for normal operating needs through intercompany dividends, but only from subsidiaries whose earnings we have not asserted to be
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indefinitely reinvested or whose earnings qualify as “previously taxed income” as defined by the Internal Revenue Code. There were no cash repatriations during the first three months of 2019 and 2020.
While we continue to closely monitor our cash generation, working capital management and capital spending in light of continuing uncertainties in the global economy, we believe that we will continue to have the financial flexibility and capability to opportunistically fund future growth initiatives. Additionally, we anticipate that future capital spending, including business acquisitions, share repurchases and other cash outlays, should be financed primarily with cash flow provided by operations and cash on hand, with additional cash needed, if any, provided by borrowings. The amount and timing of any additional borrowings will depend on our specific cash requirements.
Long-Term Debt
We currently have the following notes outstanding:

Issue Month/Year |  | Principal (in millions) |  | Interest Rate |  | Interest Payment Dates |  | Maturity Date
November 2019 |  | €500.0 |  | 1.125% |  | November 25 |  | November 25, 2025
November 2019 |  | €500.0 |  | 1.625% |  | November 25 |  | November 25, 2028
November 2019(a) |  | $300.0 |  | 3.45% |  | May 15 and November 15 |  | November 15, 2029
November 2019(b) |  | $200.0 |  | Floating Rate |  | February 15, May 15, August 15 and November 15 |  | November 15, 2022
December 2014(a) |  | €393.0 |  | 1.875% |  | December 8 |  | December 8, 2021
November 2014(a) |  | $425.0 |  | 4.15% |  | June 1 and December 1 |  | December 1, 2024
November 2014(a) |  | $350.0 |  | 5.45% |  | June 1 and December 1 |  | December 1, 2044

(a) | Denotes senior notes.

(b) | Borrowings bear interest at a floating rate based on the 3-month LIBOR plus 105 basis points. The applicable floating interest rate for the current interest period is 2.74%, with the interest rate reset on each interest payment date.

Our senior notes and the floating rate note are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally with all our other senior unsecured indebtedness from time to time outstanding. The notes are effectively subordinated to any of our existing or future secured indebtedness and to the existing and future indebtedness of our subsidiaries. As is customary for such long-term debt instruments, each of these notes outstanding has terms that allow us to redeem the notes before its maturity, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) 100% of the principal amount of these notes to be redeemed, or (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest thereon (exclusive of interest accrued to the date of redemption) discounted to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis using the comparable government rate (as defined in the indentures governing these notes) plus between 25 and 40 basis points, depending on the note, plus, in each case, accrued interest thereon to the date of redemption. Holders may require us to purchase such notes at 101% upon a change of control triggering event, as defined in the indentures. These notes are subject to typical events of default, including bankruptcy and insolvency events, nonpayment and the acceleration of certain subsidiary indebtedness of $40 million or more caused by a nonpayment default.
Our Euro notes issued in 2019 are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations and rank equally in right of payment to all our other unsecured senior obligations. As is customary for such long-term debt instruments, each of these notes outstanding has terms that allow us to redeem the notes before its maturity, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed and (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal thereof and interest thereon (exclusive of interest accrued to, but excluding, the date of redemption) discounted to the redemption date on an annual basis using the bond rate (as defined in the indentures governing these notes) plus between 25 and 35 basis points, depending on the note, plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest on the principal amount being redeemed to, but excluding, the date of redemption. Holders may require us to purchase such notes at 101% upon a change of control triggering event, as defined in the indentures. These notes are subject to typical events of default, including bankruptcy and insolvency events, nonpayment and the acceleration of certain subsidiary indebtedness exceeding $100 million caused by a nonpayment default.
Our revolving, unsecured credit agreement dated as of June 21, 2018, as amended on August 14, 2019 (the “2018 Credit Agreement”), currently provides for borrowings of up to $1.0 billion and matures on August 9, 2024. Borrowings under the 2018 Credit Agreement bear interest at variable rates based on an average LIBOR for deposits in the relevant currency plus an applicable margin which ranges from 0.910% to 1.500%, depending on the Company’s credit rating from Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services LLC (“S&P”), Moody’s Investors Services, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”). The applicable
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margin on the facility was 1.125% as of March 31, 2020. There were $250.0 million in outstanding borrowings under the 2018 Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2020.
On August 14, 2019, the Company entered into a $1.2 billion unsecured credit facility (the “2019 Credit Facility”) with several banks and other financial institutions. The lenders’ commitment to provide loans under the 2019 Credit Facility terminates on August 11, 2020, with each such loan maturing one year after the funding of such loan. The Company can request that the maturity date of loans be extended for an additional period of up to four additional years, but any such extension is subject to the approval of the lenders. Borrowings under the 2019 Credit Facility bear interest at variable rates based on an average LIBOR for deposits in the relevant currency plus an applicable margin which ranges from 0.875% to 1.625%, depending on the Company’s credit rating from S&P, Moody’s and Fitch. The applicable margin on the credit facility was 1.125% as of March 31, 2020. In October 2019, we borrowed $1.0 billion under this credit facility to fund the cash portion of the October 31, 2019 acquisition of a 60% interest in MRL’s Wodgina Project and for general corporate purposes, and such amount was repaid in full in November 2019 using a portion of the proceeds received from the notes issued in 2019. Following the repayment of the amounts borrowed, the Company had $200 million remaining to borrow under this credit facility. There were no borrowings outstanding under the 2019 Credit Facility as of March 31, 2020. In April 2020, the Company borrowed the remaining $200.0 million under this credit facility to be used for general corporate purposes.
Borrowings under the 2019 Credit Facility and 2018 Credit Agreement (together “the Credit Agreements”) are conditioned upon satisfaction of certain conditions precedent, including the absence of defaults. The Company is subject to one financial covenant, as well as customary affirmative and negative covenants. The financial covenant initially required that the Company’s consolidated funded debt to consolidated EBITDA ratio (as such terms are defined in the Credit Agreements) to be less than or equal to 3.50:1, subject to adjustments in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreements relating to a consummation of an acquisition where the consideration includes cash proceeds from issuance of funded debt in excess of $500 million. As a result of the uncertainty of the overall financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company amended the Credit Agreements on May 11, 2020 to modify its financial covenant based on the Company’s current expectations. The amendment effects changes to certain provisions of the Credit Agreements, including: (a) conversion of the consolidated funded debt to consolidated EBITDA ratio to a consolidated net funded debt to consolidated EBITDA ratio; (b) carving-out third party sales of accounts receivables from the Securitization Transaction definition; (c) setting the consolidated net funded debt to consolidated EBITDA ratio to 4.00:1 for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2020, 4.50:1 for the fiscal quarters through September 30, 2021, 4.00:1 for the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2021, and 3:50:1 for fiscal quarters thereafter; and (d) reducing the priority debt basket to 24% of Consolidated Net Tangible Assets, as defined in the Credit Agreements, through and including December 31, 2021. As part of this amendment, the Company has agreed to pay a 10 basis point fee on the consenting lenders commitments under the Credit Agreements. The Credit Agreements also contain customary default provisions, including defaults for non-payment, breach of representations and warranties, insolvency, non-performance of covenants and cross-defaults to other material indebtedness. The occurrence of an event of default under the Credit Agreements could result in all loans and other obligations becoming immediately due and payable and the credit facility being terminated. If conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic worsen and the Company’s earnings and cash flow from operations do not start to recover as contemplated in the Company's current plans, the Company may not be able to maintain compliance with its amended financial covenant and it will require the Company to seek additional amendments to the Credit Agreements. If the Company is not able to obtain such necessary additional amendments, this would lead to an event of default and its lenders could require the Company to repay its outstanding debt. In that situation, the Company may not be able to raise sufficient debt or equity capital, or divest assets, to refinance or repay the lenders. Certain representations, warranties and covenants under the 2018 Credit Agreement were conformed to those under the 2019 Credit Facility following an amendment entered into on August 14, 2019.
On May 29, 2013, we entered into agreements to initiate a commercial paper program on a private placement basis under which we may issue unsecured commercial paper notes (the “Commercial Paper Notes”) from time-to-time up to a maximum aggregate principal amount outstanding at any time of $750.0 million. The proceeds from the issuance of the Commercial Paper Notes are expected to be used for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of other debt of the Company. The Credit Agreements are available to repay the Commercial Paper Notes, if necessary. Aggregate borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreements and the Commercial Paper Notes will not exceed the $1.2 billion current maximum amount available under the Credit Agreements. The Commercial Paper Notes will be sold at a discount from par, or alternatively, will be sold at par and bear interest at rates that will vary based upon market conditions at the time of issuance. The maturities of the Commercial Paper Notes will vary but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue. The definitive documents relating to the commercial paper program contain customary representations, warranties, default and indemnification provisions. At March 31, 2020, we had $35.0 million of Commercial Paper Notes outstanding bearing a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 1.72% and a weighted-average maturity of 22 days. The Commercial Paper Notes are classified as Current portion of long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
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The non-current portion of our long-term debt amounted to $3.11 billion at March 31, 2020, compared to $2.86 billion at December 31, 2019. In addition, at March 31, 2020, we had availability to borrow $915.0 million under our commercial paper program and the Credit Agreements, and $189.6 million under other existing lines of credit, subject to various financial covenants under our Credit Agreements. We have the ability and intent to refinance our borrowings under our other existing credit lines with borrowings under the Credit Agreements, as applicable. Therefore, the amounts outstanding under those credit lines, if any, are classified as long-term debt. We believe that as of March 31, 2020, we were, and currently are, in compliance with all of our long-term debt covenants.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the ordinary course of business with customers, vendors and others, we have entered into off-balance sheet arrangements, including bank guarantees and letters of credit, which totaled approximately $83.4 million at March 31, 2020. None of these off-balance sheet arrangements has, or is likely to have, a material effect on our current or future financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.
Other Obligations
Our contractual obligations have not significantly changed based on our ordinary business activities and projected capital expenditures from the information we provided in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Total expected 2020 contributions to our domestic and foreign qualified and nonqualified pension plans, including our SERP, should approximate $13 million. We may choose to make additional pension contributions in excess of this amount. We have made contributions of $5.4 million to our domestic and foreign pension plans (both qualified and nonqualified) during the three-month period ended March 31, 2020.
The liability related to uncertain tax positions, including interest and penalties, recorded in Other noncurrent liabilities totaled $20.4 million at March 31, 2020 and $21.2 million at December 31, 2019. Related assets for corresponding offsetting benefits recorded in Other assets totaled $25.6 million at March 31, 2020 and $26.1 million at December 31, 2019. We cannot estimate the amounts of any cash payments associated with these liabilities for the remainder of 2020 or the next twelve months, and we are unable to estimate the timing of any such cash payments in the future at this time.
We are subject to federal, state, local and foreign requirements regulating the handling, manufacture and use of materials (some of which may be classified as hazardous or toxic by one or more regulatory agencies), the discharge of materials into the environment and the protection of the environment. To our knowledge, we are currently complying, and expect to continue to comply, in all material respects with applicable environmental laws, regulations, statutes and ordinances. Compliance with existing federal, state, local and foreign environmental protection laws is not expected to have a material effect on capital expenditures, earnings or our competitive position, but the costs associated with increased legal or regulatory requirements could have an adverse effect on our operating results.
Among other environmental requirements, we are subject to the federal Superfund law, and similar state laws, under which we may be designated as a potentially responsible party (“PRP”), and may be liable for a share of the costs associated with cleaning up various hazardous waste sites. Management believes that in cases in which we may have liability as a PRP, our liability for our share of cleanup is de minimis. Further, almost all such sites represent environmental issues that are quite mature and have been investigated, studied and in many cases settled. In de minimis situations, our policy generally is to negotiate a consent decree and to pay any apportioned settlement, enabling us to be effectively relieved of any further liability as a PRP, except for remote contingencies. In other than de minimis PRP matters, our records indicate that unresolved PRP exposures should be immaterial. We accrue and expense our proportionate share of PRP costs. Because management has been actively involved in evaluating environmental matters, we are able to conclude that the outstanding environmental liabilities for unresolved PRP sites should not have a material adverse effect upon our results of operations or financial condition.
Liquidity Outlook
We anticipate that cash on hand and cash provided by operating activities, divestitures and borrowings will be sufficient to pay our operating expenses, satisfy debt service obligations, fund any capital expenditures and share repurchases, make acquisitions, make pension contributions and pay dividends for the foreseeable future. Our main focus during the uncertainty surrounding COVID-19 is to continue to maintain financial flexibility by delaying certain capital expenditure projects and accelerating our cost savings initiative, while still protecting our employees and customers, committing to shareholder returns and maintaining an investment grade rating. Over the next three years, in terms of uses of cash, we will still be investing in growth of the businesses and the return of value to shareholders. Additionally, we will continue to evaluate the merits of any opportunities that may arise for acquisitions of businesses or assets, which may require additional liquidity. In 2019, we announced that we have begun to pursue opportunities to divest our PCS and fine chemistry services businesses. Travel restrictions from COVID-19 have temporarily delayed due diligence processes associated with these potential divestitures.
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Our cash flows from operations may be negatively affected by adverse consequences to our customers and the markets in which we compete as a result of moderating global economic conditions and reduced capital availability. COVID-19 has not a material impact on our liquidity to date, however we cannot predict the overall impact in terms of cash flow generation as it will depend on the length and severity of the outbreak. As a result, we are planning for various economic scenarios and actively monitoring our balance sheet to maintain the financial flexibility needed.
While we maintain business relationships with a diverse group of financial institutions, an adverse change in their credit standing could lead them to not honor their contractual credit commitments, decline funding under existing but uncommitted lines of credit, not renew their extensions of credit or not provide new financing. While the global corporate bond and bank loan markets remain strong, periods of elevated uncertainty related to the COVID-19 pandemic or global economic and/or geopolitical concerns may limit efficient access to such markets for extended periods of time. If such concerns heighten, we may incur increased borrowing costs and reduced credit capacity as our various credit facilities mature. When the U.S. Federal Reserve or similar national reserve banks in other countries decide to tighten the monetary supply in response, for example, to improving economic conditions, we may incur increased borrowing costs as interest rates increase on our variable rate credit facilities, as our various credit facilities mature or as we refinance any maturing fixed rate debt obligations, although these cost increases would be partially offset by increased income rates on portions of our cash deposits.
Overall, with generally strong cash-generative businesses and no significant long-term debt maturities before 2021, we believe we have, and will maintain, a solid liquidity position.
As previously reported in 2018, following receipt of information regarding potential improper payments being made by third party sales representatives of our Refining Solutions business, within our Catalysts segment, we promptly retained outside counsel and forensic accountants to investigate potential violations of the Company’s Code of Conduct, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other potentially applicable laws. Based on this internal investigation, we have voluntarily self-reported potential issues relating to the use of third party sales representatives in our Refining Solutions business, within our Catalysts segment, to the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), the SEC, and the Dutch Public Prosecutor (“DPP”), and are cooperating with the DOJ, the SEC, and DPP in their review of these matters. In connection with our internal investigation, we have implemented, and are continuing to implement, appropriate remedial measures.
At this time, we are unable to predict the duration, scope, result or related costs associated with any investigations by the DOJ, the SEC, or DPP. We are unable to predict what, if any, action may be taken by the DOJ, the SEC, or DPP, or what penalties or remedial actions they may seek to impose. Any determination that our operations or activities are not in compliance with existing laws or regulations could result in the imposition of fines, penalties, disgorgement, equitable relief or other losses. We do not believe, however, that any fines, penalties, disgorgement, equitable relief or other losses would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or liquidity.
We had cash and cash equivalents totaling $553.2 million at March 31, 2020, of which $429.6 million is held by our foreign subsidiaries. This cash represents an important source of our liquidity and is invested in bank accounts or money market investments with no limitations on access. The cash held by our foreign subsidiaries is intended for use outside of the U.S. We anticipate that any needs for liquidity within the U.S. in excess of our cash held in the U.S. can be readily satisfied with borrowings under our existing U.S. credit facilities or our commercial paper program.
Summary of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates from the information we provided in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
For a description of recent accounting pronouncements, see Item 1 Financial Statements – Note 18, “Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements.”

Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

There have been no significant changes in our interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange rate exposure, marketable securities price risk or raw material price risk from the information we provided in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
We had variable interest rate borrowings of $492.3 million outstanding at March 31, 2020, bearing a weighted average interest rate of 2.30% and representing approximately 16% of our total outstanding debt. A hypothetical 10% change (approximately 23 basis points) in the interest rate applicable to these borrowings would change our annualized interest
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expense by approximately $1.1 million as of March 31, 2020. We may enter into interest rate swaps, collars or similar instruments with the objective of reducing interest rate volatility relating to our borrowing costs.
Our financial instruments which are subject to foreign currency exchange risk consist of foreign currency forward contracts with an aggregate notional value of $1.18 billion and with a fair value representing a net liability position of $48.9 million at March 31, 2020. Fluctuations in the value of these contracts are generally offset by the value of the underlying exposures being hedged. We conducted a sensitivity analysis on the fair value of our foreign currency hedge portfolio assuming an instantaneous 10% change in select foreign currency exchange rates from their levels as of March 31, 2020, with all other variables held constant. A 10% appreciation of the U.S. Dollar against foreign currencies that we hedge would result in a decrease of approximately $46.4 million in the fair value of our foreign currency forward contracts. A 10% depreciation of the U.S. Dollar against these foreign currencies would result in an increase of approximately $46.0 million in the fair value of our foreign currency forward contracts. The sensitivity of the fair value of our foreign currency hedge portfolio represents changes in fair values estimated based on market conditions as of March 31, 2020, without reflecting the effects of underlying anticipated transactions. When those anticipated transactions are realized, actual effects of changing foreign currency exchange rates could have a material impact on our earnings and cash flows in future periods.

Item 4. | Controls and Procedures.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
The Company is continuing the implementation of a new enterprise resource platform system to increase the overall efficiency and productivity of our processes, which will result in changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) throughout the implementation process in 2020. There have been no other changes during the first quarter ended March 31, 2020 to our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | Legal Proceedings.

We are involved from time to time in legal proceedings of types regarded as common in our business, including administrative or judicial proceedings seeking remediation under environmental laws, such as Superfund, products liability, breach of contract liability and premises liability litigation. Where appropriate, we may establish financial reserves for such proceedings. We also maintain insurance to mitigate certain of such risks. Additional information with respect to this Item 1 is contained in Note 9 to the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. | Risk Factors.

While we attempt to identify, manage and mitigate risks and uncertainties associated with our business to the extent practical under the circumstances, some level of risk and uncertainty will always be present. The risk factors set forth in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 describe some of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business. These risks and uncertainties have the potential to materially affect our results of operations and our financial condition. With the exception of the below, we do not believe that there have been any material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
The COVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows.
The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant uncertainty and economic disruption. The extent to which it impacts our business, results of operations, financial position, and cash flows is difficult to predict and dependent upon many factors over which we have no control. These factors include, but are not limited to, the duration and severity of the pandemic; government restrictions on businesses and individuals; the health and safety of our employees and communities in which we do business; the impact of the pandemic on our customers' businesses and the resulting demand for our products; the impact on our suppliers
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and supply chain network; the impact on U.S. and global economies and the timing and rate of economic recovery; and potential adverse effects on the financial markets.
The Company has taken, and plans to continue to take, certain measures to maintain financial flexibility, including delaying certain capital expenditure projects and accelerating our cost savings initiative, while still protecting our employees and customers. However, if conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic worsen and the Company’s earnings and cash flow from operations do not start to recover as contemplated in the Company's current plans, the Company may not be able to maintain compliance with its financial covenants and it will require the Company to seek additional amendments to the Credit Agreements. If the Company is not able to obtain such necessary additional amendments, this would lead to an event of default and its lenders could require the Company to repay its outstanding debt. In that situation, the Company may not be able to raise sufficient debt or equity capital, or divest assets, to refinance or repay the lenders.

Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

NONE

Item 6. | Exhibits.

(a) Exhibits

*10.1 |  |  | Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of May 11, 2020, among Albemarle Corporation, Albemarle Europe SRL, the Lenders party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent for the Lenders.
*10.2 |  |  | First Amendment to Syndicated Facility Agreement, dated as of May 11, 2020, among Albemarle Corporation, Albemarle Finance Company B.V., Albemarle New Holding GmbH, Albemarle Wodgina Pty Ltd, the Lenders Party Thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent.
*#10.3 |  |  | Executive Employment Agreement with J. Kent Masters, dated April 20, 2020.
*#10.4 |  |  | Change in Control Agreement with J. Kent Masters, dated April 20, 2020.
*#10.5 |  |  | Notice of Restricted Stock Unit Award to J. Kent Masters, dated May 8, 2020.
#10.6 |  |  | Form of Notice of NEO Special Retention Restricted Stock Unit Award [filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 1-12658) filed on March 4, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference].
#10.7 |  |  | Form of Notice of Restricted Stock Unit Award [filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 1-12658) filed on March 4, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference].
#10.8 |  |  | Form of Notice of ROIC Performance Unit Award [filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 1-12658) filed on March 4, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference].
#10.9 |  |  | Form of Notice of TSR Performance Unit Award [filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 1-12658) filed on March 4, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference].
#10.10 |  |  | Form of Notice of Option Grant [filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 1-12658) filed on March 4, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference].
#10.11 |  |  | Form of Notice of Special Restricted Stock Unit Award [filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 1-12658) filed on March 4, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference].
*31.1 |  |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).
*31.2 |  |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).
*32.1 |  |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
*32.2 |  |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101 |  |  | Interactive Data File (Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020, furnished in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language)).

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# | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
* | Included with this filing.

Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and (vi) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | ALBEMARLE CORPORATION
|  |  | (Registrant)
Date: | May 11, 2020 |  | By: |  | /S/ S COTT A. T OZIER
|  |  |  |  | Scott A. Tozier
|  |  |  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  |  | (principal financial officer)

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