<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001193125-20-235408.txt : 20200831
<SEC-HEADER>0001193125-20-235408.hdr.sgml : 20200831
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20200831070504
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001193125-20-235408
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20200830
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20200831
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20200831

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			IONIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000874015
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		IRS NUMBER:				330336973
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-19125
		FILM NUMBER:		201149772

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		2855 GAZELLE COURT
		CITY:			CARLSBAD
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92010
		BUSINESS PHONE:		7609319200

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		2855 GAZELLE COURT
		CITY:			CARLSBAD
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92010

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ISIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19930328
</SEC-HEADER>
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; vertical-align:top" colspan="3"><span style="font-weight:bold">(Address of Principal Executive Offices)</span></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; vertical-align:top"><span style="font-weight:bold">(Zip Code)</span></td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</p></td></tr></table> <p style="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</p></td></tr></table> <p style="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="width:4%;vertical-align:top"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer" contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#9746;</ix:nonNumeric></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</p></td></tr></table> <p style="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="width:4%;vertical-align:top"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:10pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p> <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Title of each class</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Trading</p> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Symbol(s)</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Name of each exchange</p> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">on which registered</p></td></tr>
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<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; vertical-align:top"><span style="font-weight:bold"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:Security12bTitle" contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">Common Stock, $.001 Par Value</ix:nonNumeric></span></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; vertical-align:top"><span style="font-weight:bold">&#8220;<ix:nonNumeric name="dei:TradingSymbol" contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">IONS</ix:nonNumeric>&#8221;</span></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; vertical-align:top"><span style="font-weight:bold"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen">The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC</ix:nonNumeric></span></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:10pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p> <p style="margin-top:10pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Emerging growth company&#160;&#160;<ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></p> <p style="margin-top:10pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160;&#160;&#9744;</p> <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p> <p style="line-height:1.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&#160;</p> <p style="line-height:3.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&#160;</p></div></div>

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<td style="width:11%;vertical-align:top" align="left"><span style="font-weight:bold">Item&#160;1.01.</span></td>
<td align="left" style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On August&#160;30, 2020, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (&#8220;Ionis&#8221;), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the &#8220;Merger Agreement&#8221;), among Akcea Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (&#8220;Akcea&#8221;), Ionis and Avalanche Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Ionis (&#8220;Purchaser&#8221;). </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, and upon the terms and subject to the conditions thereof, Purchaser will commence a tender offer (the &#8220;Offer&#8221;), to purchase all of the issued and outstanding shares (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Akcea at a price of $18.15 per Share, net to the seller in cash, without interest (the &#8220;Offer Price&#8221;). 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Given the current level of ownership by Ionis in Akcea, the transaction is not anticipated to be subject to any antitrust or competition regulatory approvals. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Following the consummation of the Offer and subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, Purchaser will merge with and into Akcea pursuant to Section&#160;251(h) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the &#8220;DGCL&#8221;) and without a vote or meeting of the stockholders of Akcea, with Akcea being the surviving corporation (the &#8220;Merger&#8221;). </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">At the effective time of the Merger, each Share (other than Shares held by Akcea, Ionis, Purchaser, any wholly owned subsidiary of Ionis or Purchaser, or by stockholders of Akcea who have perfected their statutory rights of appraisal under the DGCL) will be converted into the right to receive an amount in cash equal to the Offer Price, without any interest thereon and subject to any withholding of taxes. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, at the effective time of the Merger, each option to purchase Akcea common stock with an exercise price lower than the Offer Price and each Akcea restricted stock unit, in each case whether or not vested, will be cancelled, and the holder thereof will be entitled to receive the Offer Price (less any applicable exercise price in the case of options) for each share subject to such award, pursuant to the terms set forth in the Merger Agreement. 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 <p style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&#160;</p> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">2 </p>

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 <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The foregoing description of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Merger Agreement, which is filed as Exhibit 2.1 hereto and which is incorporated herein by reference. The Merger Agreement has been filed to provide information to investors regarding its terms. It is not intended to provide any other factual information about Ionis, Purchaser or Akcea, their respective businesses, or the actual conduct of their respective businesses during the period prior to the consummation of the Offer, the Merger or the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. The Merger Agreement and this summary should not be relied upon as disclosure about Ionis or Akcea. None of Akcea&#8217;s stockholders or any other third parties should rely on the representations, warranties and covenants or any descriptions thereof as characterizations of the actual state of facts or conditions of Ionis, Purchaser, Akcea or any of their respective subsidiaries or affiliates. The Merger Agreement contains representations and warranties that are the product of negotiations among the parties thereto and that the parties made to, and solely for the benefit of, each other as of specified dates. The assertions embodied in those representations and warranties are subject to qualifications and limitations agreed to by the respective parties and are also qualified in important part by confidential disclosure schedules delivered in connection with the Merger Agreement. The representations and warranties may have been made for the purpose of allocating contractual risk between the parties to the agreements instead of establishing these matters as facts, and may be subject to standards of materiality applicable to the contracting parties that differ from those applicable to investors. </p> <p style="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
<table style="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;border:0;width:100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="width:11%;vertical-align:top" align="left"><span style="font-weight:bold">Item&#160;8.01.</span></td>
<td align="left" style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Other Events. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On August&#160;31, 2020, Ionis and Akcea issued a joint press release announcing their entry into the Merger Agreement, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">8-K</span> and incorporated by reference herein. </p> <p style="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="width:11%;vertical-align:top" align="left"><span style="font-weight:bold">Item&#160;9.01.</span></td>
<td align="left" style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Financial Statements and Exhibits. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) Exhibits </p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; display:inline-block; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Description</p></td></tr>


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<td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="d75253dex21.htm">Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August&#160;30, 2020, among Akcea Therapeutics, Inc., Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Avalanche Merger Sub, Inc. </a></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="d75253dex991.htm">Joint Press Release, dated August&#160;31, 2020. </a></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap">104</td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).</td></tr></table> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td align="left" style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left">Schedules omitted pursuant to Item&#160;601(b)(2) of Regulation <span style="white-space:nowrap">S-K.</span> Ionis agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule to the SEC upon request. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Notice to Investors and Security Holders </span></p> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The tender offer referred to in this Current Report has not yet commenced. The description contained in this Current Report is neither an offer to purchase nor a solicitation of an offer to sell any securities, nor is it a substitute for the tender offer materials that Ionis will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;). The solicitation and offer to buy shares of Akcea common stock will only be made pursuant to an offer to purchase and related tender offer materials. At the time the tender offer is commenced, Ionis will file a tender offer statement on Schedule TO and thereafter Akcea will file a solicitation/recommendation statement on Schedule <span style="white-space:nowrap">14D-9</span> with the SEC with respect to the Offer. THE TENDER OFFER MATERIALS (INCLUDING AN OFFER TO PURCHASE, A RELATED LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL AND CERTAIN OTHER OFFER DOCUMENTS) AND THE SOLICITATION/RECOMMENDATION STATEMENT ON SCHEDULE <span style="white-space:nowrap">14D-9</span> WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION. AKCEA SHAREHOLDERS ARE URGED TO READ THESE DOCUMENTS CAREFULLY WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE BECAUSE THEY WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION THAT HOLDERS SHOULD CONSIDER BEFORE MAKING ANY DECISION REGARDING TENDERING THEIR SHARES. The offer to purchase, the related letter of transmittal and the solicitation/recommendation statement will be made available free of charge at the SEC&#8217;s website at www.sec.gov. Additional copies may be obtained for free by contacting Ionis or Akcea, as applicable. Copies of the documents filed with the SEC by Ionis will be available free of charge on Ionis&#8217; internet website at https://ir.ionispharma.com/financial-information/sec-filings or by contacting Ionis&#8217; investor relations contact at (760) <span style="white-space:nowrap">603-2681.</span> Copies of the documents filed with the SEC by Akcea will be available free of charge on Akcea&#8217;s internet website at https://ir.akceatx.com/ or by contacting Akcea&#8217;s investor relations contact at (617) <span style="white-space:nowrap">841-9535.</span> </p>
 <p style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&#160;</p> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center">3 </p>

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 <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition to the offer to purchase, the related letter of transmittal and certain other tender offer documents to be filed by Ionis, as well as the solicitation/recommendation statement to be filed by Akcea, Ionis and Akcea will also file quarterly and current reports with the SEC. Ionis&#8217; and Akcea&#8217;s filings with the SEC are available to the public from commercial document-retrieval services and at the website maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. </p> <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold"><span style="text-decoration:underline">Forward-Looking Statements </span></p> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. assumes no obligation to update forward-looking statements contained in this Current Report as a result of new information or future events or developments except as required by law. This Current Report includes forward-looking statements regarding the business of Akcea Therapeutics, Inc. and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., the therapeutic and commercial potential of TEGSEDI<sup style="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&#174;</sup>&#160;(inotersen) and WAYLIVRA<sup style="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&#174;</sup> (volanesorsen) and the proposed acquisition of Akcea that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressly or implied by such statements. Any statement describing Akcea&#8217;s or Ionis&#8217; goals, expectations, financial or other projections, intentions or beliefs, including the commercial potential of TEGSEDI&#160;and WAYLIVRA or other of Akcea&#8217;s or Ionis&#8217; drugs in development is a forward-looking statement and should be considered an <span style="white-space:nowrap">at-risk</span> statement. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, particularly those inherent in the process of discovering, developing and commercializing drugs that are safe and effective for use as human therapeutics, and in the endeavor of building a business around such drugs. Risks and uncertainties also include, among other things, risks related to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions to closing the proposed acquisition in the anticipated timeframe or at all, including uncertainties as to how many of Akcea&#8217;s stockholders will tender their Shares in the tender offer and the possibility that the acquisition does not close; disruption from the transaction making it more difficult to maintain business and operational relationships; risks that anticipated synergies will not be realized or may be delayed; and the magnitude of transaction costs. Akcea&#8217;s and Ionis&#8217; forward-looking statements also involve assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove correct, could cause its results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Although Akcea&#8217;s and Ionis&#8217; forward-looking statements reflect the good faith judgment of its management, these statements are based only on facts and factors currently known by Akcea and Ionis. In particular, we caution you that our forward-looking statements are subject to the ongoing and developing circumstances related to the <span style="white-space:nowrap">COVID-19</span> pandemic, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and future financial results. As a result, you are cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. These and other risks concerning Akcea&#8217;s and Ionis&#8217; programs are described in additional detail in Akcea&#8217;s and Ionis&#8217; quarterly reports on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">10-Q</span> and annual reports on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">10-K,</span> which are on file with the&#160;SEC. Copies of these and other documents are available from each company. </p>
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 <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">SIGNATURE </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized. </p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p><div>
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Patrick R. O&#8217;Neil</p></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top">Name:</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">Patrick R. O&#8217;Neil</td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top">Title:</td>
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom">Executive Vice President, Legal, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer</td></tr>
</table></div> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Dated: August&#160;31, 2020 </p>
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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><U>Exhibit 2.1</U> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><U>EXECUTION VERSION</U> </P> <P STYLE="font-size:72pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font-size:72pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:1.5pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.50pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">among </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>AKCEA THERAPEUTICS,
INC., </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">a Delaware corporation; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>IONIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">a Delaware corporation; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">and </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>AVALANCHE MERGER SUB, INC., </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">a Delaware corporation </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Dated as
of August&nbsp;30, 2020 </P> <P STYLE="font-size:24pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:1.5pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.50pt solid #000000">&nbsp;</P>
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<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">SECTION 1 THE OFFER</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="top">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">The Offer</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">2</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Company Actions</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">5</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">SECTION 2 MERGER TRANSACTION</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Merger of Purchaser into the Company</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Effect of the Merger</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">6</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.3</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Closing; Effective Time</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.4</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws; Directors and Officers</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">7</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.5</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Conversion of Shares</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">8</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.6</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Surrender of Certificates; Stock Transfer Books</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">8</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Dissenters&#146; Rights</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.8</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Treatment of Company Options and Company RSUs</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">11</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.9</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">FIRPTA Certificate</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">12</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.10</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Further Action</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">12</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">SECTION 3 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">12</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Due Organization; Subsidiaries, Etc.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">13</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">13</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.3</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Capitalization, Etc.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">14</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.4</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SEC Filings; Financial Statements</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">15</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.5</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Absence of Changes; No Material Adverse Effect</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">17</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.6</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Title to Assets</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">17</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.7</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Real Property</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">17</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.8</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Intellectual Property; Privacy</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">18</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.9</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Contracts</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">19</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.10</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Undisclosed Liabilities</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">21</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.11</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Compliance with Legal Requirements</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">21</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.12</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Regulatory Matters</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">21</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.13</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Certain Business Practices</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">24</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.14</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Governmental Authorizations</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">24</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.15</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Tax Matters</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">24</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.16</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Employee Matters; Benefit Plans</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">26</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.17</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Environmental Matters</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">28</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.18</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Insurance</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">28</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.19</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Legal Proceedings; Orders</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">29</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.20</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Authority; Binding Nature of Agreement; No Vote</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">29</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.21</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Takeover Laws</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">30</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.22</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Non-Contravention;</FONT> Consents</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">30</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.23</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Opinion of Financial Advisors</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">31</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.24</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Brokers and Other Advisors</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">31</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
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 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">i </P>

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<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">SECTION 4 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND PURCHASER</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">31</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Due Organization</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">31</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Purchaser</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">32</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.3</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Authority; Binding Nature of Agreement</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">32</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.4</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Non-Contravention;</FONT> Consents</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">32</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.5</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Disclosure</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">33</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.6</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Absence of Litigation</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">33</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.7</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Funds</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">33</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.8</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Acknowledgment by Parent and Purchaser</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">33</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.9</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Brokers and Other Advisors</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">34</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.10</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ownership of Shares</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">34</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">SECTION 5 CERTAIN COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">34</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Access and Investigation</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">34</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Operation of the Acquired Corporations&#146; Business</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">35</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.3</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">No Solicitation</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">38</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.4</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Notice of Certain Events</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">40</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">SECTION 6 ADDITIONAL COVENANTS OF THE PARTIES</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">40</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Company Board Recommendation and Special Committee Recommendation</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">40</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Filings, Consents and Approvals</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">42</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.3</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Employee Benefits</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">42</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.4</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">ESPP</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">44</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.5</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indemnification of Officers and Directors</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">45</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.6</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Stockholder Litigation</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">47</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.7</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Additional Agreements</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">47</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.8</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Disclosure</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">47</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.9</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Takeover Laws</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">48</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.10</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Section&nbsp;16 Matters</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">48</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.11</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14d-10</FONT> Matters</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">48</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.12</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Stock Exchange Delisting; Deregistration</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">48</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.13</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Notice of Certain Regulatory Events; Cooperation</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">48</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.14</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Acquisition of Additional Shares</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">49</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">SECTION 7 CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO THE MERGER</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">49</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">No Restraints</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">49</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Consummation of Offer</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">50</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">SECTION 8 TERMINATION</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">50</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Termination</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">50</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Effect of Termination</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">52</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.3</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Expenses; Termination Fee</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">52</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">SECTION 9 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">53</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="4"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.1</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Amendment</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">53</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.2</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Waiver</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">54</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.3</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">No Survival of Representations and Warranties</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">54</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.4</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Entire Agreement; Counterparts</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">54</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.5</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Applicable Legal Requirements; Jurisdiction; Specific Performance; Remedies</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">54</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.6</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Assignability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">55</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.7</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">No Third-Party Beneficiaries</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">56</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.8</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Transfer Taxes</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">56</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.9</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Notices</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">56</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.10</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Severability</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">57</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.11</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Obligation of Parent</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">57</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.12</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Construction</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">58</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">iii </P>

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<TD WIDTH="90%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><U>Exhibits</U></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Exhibit&nbsp;A</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Certain Definitions</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Exhibit&nbsp;B</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Certain Affiliated Persons</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; "><U>Annexes</U></P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Annex&nbsp;I</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Conditions to the Offer</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Annex&nbsp;II</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Form of Certificate of Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation</P></TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">iv </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>THIS AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER</B> (this &#147;<U>Agreement</U>&#148;) is entered into as of August&nbsp;30, 2020, among Akcea
Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#147;<U>Company</U>&#148;); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (&#147;<U>Parent</U>&#148;); and Avalanche Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of
Parent (&#147;<U>Purchaser</U>&#148;). Certain capitalized terms used in this Agreement are defined in <U>Exhibit A</U>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>RECITALS
</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company is a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to developing antisense medicines to treat patients with serious and rare
diseases. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As of the date of this Agreement, Parent beneficially owns 77,094,682 shares of the Company Common Stock, representing
approximately 76% of the total issued and outstanding shares of Company Common Stock. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company has established the Special Committee
and delegated to it authority to review, evaluate, negotiate, recommend or not recommend a proposal by Parent with respect to a business combination transaction with Parent. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Special Committee has recommended to the Board of Directors the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Board of Directors, acting on the recommendation of the Special Committee, has approved the execution, delivery and performance by the
Company of this Agreement and the acquisition of the Company by Parent on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement and resolved to recommend that the stockholders of the Company (other than Parent and its Affiliates)
tender their Shares to Purchaser pursuant to the Offer. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The boards of directors of Parent and Purchaser have each approved this Agreement
and declared it advisable for Parent and Purchaser, respectively, to enter into this Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Parent, Purchaser and the Company
acknowledge and agree that, subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Merger shall be effected pursuant to Section&nbsp;251(h) of the DGCL and shall, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in this Agreement, be consummated as
soon as practicable following the consummation of the Offer.</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Parties agree as follows: </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SECTION&nbsp;1 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>THE OFFER </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>1.1</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>The Offer</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Commencement of the Offer</B>. Provided that this Agreement shall not have been terminated in accordance with
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8</U>, on the tenth (10th) business day after the date of this Agreement (subject to the Company having timely provided any information required to be provided by it pursuant to <U>Sections</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(e)</U>
and <U>1.2(b)</U>), Purchaser shall (and Parent shall cause Purchaser to) commence (within the meaning of Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14d-2</FONT> under the Exchange Act) a tender offer (as it may be amended from time to time as permitted
under this Agreement, the &#147;<U>Offer</U>&#148;) to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock (the &#147;<U>Shares</U>&#148;) (other than any Shares held immediately prior to the Offer Acceptance Time by (i)&nbsp;the Company
(or held in the Company&#146;s treasury) or (ii)&nbsp;Parent, Purchaser or any other direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of Parent) for $18.15 per Share, net to the seller in cash, without interest (such amount, the &#147;<U>Offer
Price</U>&#148;), and subject to any withholding of Taxes in accordance with <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.6(e)</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Terms and Conditions of the Offer</B>. The obligations of Purchaser to, and of Parent to cause Purchaser to,
accept for payment, and pay for, any Shares validly tendered pursuant to the Offer are subject only to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, including the satisfaction of the Minimum Condition, the Termination Condition and the other
conditions set forth in <U>Annex</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;I</U> (collectively, the &#147;<U>Offer Conditions</U>&#148;). The Offer shall be made by means of an offer to purchase (the &#147;<U>Offer to Purchase</U>&#148;) that contains the terms set forth
in this Agreement, the Minimum Condition, the Termination Condition and the other Offer Conditions. Purchaser expressly reserves the right to (i)&nbsp;increase the Offer Price, (ii) waive any Offer Condition and (iii)&nbsp;make any other changes in
the terms and conditions of the Offer, so long as such changes are consistent with the terms of this Agreement; <I>provided, however</I>, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, (1)&nbsp;Parent and Purchaser shall not
amend, modify or waive the Minimum Condition and (2)&nbsp;without the prior written consent of the Company, Parent and Purchaser shall not (A)&nbsp;decrease the Offer Price, (B)&nbsp;change the form of consideration payable in the Offer,
(C)&nbsp;decrease the maximum number of Shares sought to be purchased in the Offer, (D)&nbsp;impose conditions or requirements to the Offer in addition to the Offer Conditions, (E)&nbsp;amend, modify or waive the Termination Condition or the
condition set forth in <U>clause</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;(f)</U> of <U>Annex</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;I</U>, (F)&nbsp;otherwise amend or modify any of the other terms of the Offer in a manner that adversely affects, or would reasonably be expected to adversely
affect, any holder of Shares (other than Parent and its Affiliates) in its capacity as such, (G)&nbsp;terminate the Offer or accelerate, extend or otherwise change the Expiration Date, in each case, except as provided in
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(c)</U> or <U>1.1(d)</U> or (H)&nbsp;provide any &#147;subsequent offering period&#148; (or any extension thereof) within the meaning of Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14d-11</FONT> promulgated under the
Exchange Act. The Offer may not be withdrawn prior to the Expiration Date (or any rescheduled Expiration Date) of the Offer, unless this Agreement is terminated in accordance with <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Expiration and Extension of the Offer</B>. The Offer shall initially be scheduled to expire at one minute after
11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the date that is twenty (20)&nbsp;business days (determined as set forth in Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14d-1(g)(3)</FONT> and Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14e-1(a)</FONT> under the Exchange
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">2 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
Act) from the Offer Commencement Date (unless otherwise agreed to in writing by Parent and the Company) (the &#147;<U>Initial Expiration Date</U>&#148;, and such date or such subsequent date to
which the Initial Expiration Date of the Offer is extended in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the &#147;<U>Expiration Date</U>&#148;). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, but subject to the
Parties&#146; respective termination rights under <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8</U>: (i) if, as of the then-scheduled Expiration Date, any Offer Condition is not satisfied and has not been waived by Purchaser or Parent, to the extent waivable by
Purchaser or Parent, Parent and Purchaser may, in their sole discretion (and without the consent of the Company or any other Person), extend the Offer on one or more occasions, for an additional period of up to ten (10)&nbsp;business days per
extension, to permit such Offer Condition to be satisfied; (ii)&nbsp;Purchaser shall, and Parent shall cause Purchaser to, extend the Offer from time to time for any period required by any Legal Requirement, any interpretation or position of the
SEC, the staff thereof or Nasdaq applicable to the Offer; and (iii)&nbsp;if, as of the then-scheduled Expiration Date, any Offer Condition is not satisfied and has not been waived, at the request of the Company, Purchaser shall, and Parent shall
cause Purchaser to, extend the Offer on one or more occasions for an additional period of up to ten (10)&nbsp;business days per extension, to permit such Offer Condition to be satisfied; <I>provided, however</I>, that in no event shall Parent or
Purchaser: (1)&nbsp;be required to extend the Offer beyond the earlier to occur of (x)&nbsp;the valid termination of this Agreement in compliance with <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8</U> and (y)&nbsp;the End Date (such earlier occurrence, the
&#147;<U>Extension Deadline</U>&#148;), (2) be permitted to extend the Offer beyond the Extension Deadline without the prior written consent of the Company or (3)&nbsp;be required to extend the Offer on more than two (2)&nbsp;occasions in
consecutive periods of ten (10)&nbsp;business days each if, as of the applicable Expiration Date, (A)&nbsp;none of the Offer Documents, the Parent Schedule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13E-3,</FONT> the Schedule
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14D-9</FONT> or the Company Schedule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13E-3</FONT> is still being reviewed or commented on by the SEC and (B)&nbsp;all of the Offer Conditions are satisfied or have been waived other
than the Minimum Condition and conditions which by their nature are to be satisfied at the expiration of the Offer. Purchaser shall not terminate the Offer, or permit the Offer to expire, prior to the Extension Deadline without the prior written
consent of the Company. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Termination of Offer</B>. Nothing in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1</U>
shall be deemed to impair, limit or otherwise restrict in any manner the right of the Company, Parent or Purchaser to terminate this Agreement pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8</U>. If this Agreement is validly terminated pursuant to
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8</U>, Purchaser shall (and Parent shall cause Purchaser to) immediately, irrevocably and unconditionally terminate the Offer and shall not acquire any Shares pursuant to the Offer. If the Offer is terminated or
withdrawn by Purchaser in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, Purchaser shall immediately return, and shall cause any depository acting on behalf of Purchaser to return, in accordance with applicable Legal Requirements, all tendered Shares
to the registered holders thereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Offer Documents and Parent Schedule</B><B></B><B><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&nbsp;13E-3</FONT></B>. As promptly as practicable on the Offer Commencement Date, Parent and Purchaser shall (i)&nbsp;file with the SEC a tender offer statement on Schedule TO with respect to the Offer (together with any
exhibits, amendments or supplements thereto, the &#147;<U>Offer Documents</U>&#148;) and a Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13E-3</FONT> Transaction Statement on <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> (together with any
exhibits, amendments or supplements thereto, the &#147;<U>Schedule</U><U></U><U><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&nbsp;13E-3</FONT></U>&#148; and such <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> filed by Parent and Purchaser, the
&#147;<U>Parent Schedule</U><U></U><U><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&nbsp;13E-3</FONT></U>&#148;) that will contain or incorporate by reference the Offer to Purchase and form of the related letter of transmittal and (ii)&nbsp;cause the Offer to
Purchase and the Parent Schedule </P>
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<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13E-3</FONT> and related documents to be disseminated to holders of Shares as and to the extent required by applicable Legal Requirements. Parent and Purchaser
agree that they shall cause the Offer Documents and the Parent <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> filed by either Parent or Purchaser with the SEC (x)&nbsp;to comply in all material respects with the Exchange Act and other
applicable Legal Requirements and (y)&nbsp;to not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading; <I>provided, however</I>, that no covenant is made by Parent or Purchaser with respect to information supplied by or on behalf of the Company for inclusion or incorporation by reference in the Offer
Documents or the Parent <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3.</FONT> Each of Parent, Purchaser and the Company agrees to respond promptly to any comments (including oral comments) of the SEC or its staff and to promptly correct any
information provided by it for use in the Offer Documents or the Parent <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> if and to the extent that such information shall have become false or misleading in any material respect, and Parent
and Purchaser further agree to take all steps necessary to cause the Offer Documents and the Parent <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> as so corrected to be filed with the SEC and to be disseminated to holders of Shares, in
each case as and to the extent required by applicable Legal Requirements. The Company consents to the inclusion of the Company Board Recommendation and the Special Committee Recommendation in the Offer Documents and the Parent <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3.</FONT> The Company shall promptly furnish or otherwise make available to Parent and Purchaser or Parent&#146;s legal counsel all information concerning the Company and the Company&#146;s stockholders
that may be required in connection with any action contemplated by this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(e)</U>. The Company and its counsel shall be given reasonable opportunity to review and comment on the Offer Documents and the Parent <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> (including any response to any comments (including oral comments) of the SEC or its staff with respect thereto) prior to the filing thereof with the SEC, and Parent and Purchaser shall give
reasonable and good faith consideration to any such comments made by the Company or its counsel. Parent and Purchaser agree to provide the Company and its counsel with any comments (including oral comments) Parent, Purchaser or their counsel may
receive from the SEC or its staff with respect to the Offer Documents or the Parent <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> promptly after receipt of those comments (including oral comments). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Funds</B>. Without limiting the generality of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;9.11</U>, Parent shall cause to be
provided to Purchaser, on a timely basis, all of the funds necessary to purchase all Shares that Purchaser becomes obligated to purchase pursuant to the Offer, and shall cause Purchaser to perform, on a timely basis, all of its obligations under
this Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Adjustments</B>. If, between the date of this Agreement and the Offer Acceptance Time, the
outstanding Shares are changed into a different number or class of shares by reason of any stock split, division or subdivision of shares, stock dividend, reverse stock split, consolidation of shares, reclassification, recapitalization or other
similar transaction, then the Offer Price shall be appropriately adjusted. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Acceptance</B>. Subject only to
the satisfaction or, to the extent waivable by Purchaser or Parent, waiver by Purchaser or Parent of each of the Offer Conditions, Purchaser shall (and Parent shall cause Purchaser to)&nbsp;(i) promptly after the Expiration Date accept for payment
all Shares tendered (and not validly withdrawn) pursuant to the Offer (the time of such acceptance, the &#147;<U>Offer Acceptance Time</U>&#148;) and (ii)&nbsp;promptly after the Offer Acceptance Time pay for such Shares. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">4 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Transfer Taxes</B>. If the payment of any of the Offer Price
is to be made to a Person other than the Person in whose name the tendered Shares are registered on the stockholder list described in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.2(b)</U> as of the Stockholder List Date, it shall be a condition of payment that
the Shares so tendered shall be endorsed properly or otherwise be in proper form for transfer and that the Person requesting such payment shall have paid all transfer and other similar Taxes required by reason of the payment of the Offer Price to a
Person other than the registered holder of the Shares tendered, or shall have established to the satisfaction of Parent that such transfer or other Taxes either have been paid or are not applicable. None of Parent, Purchaser or the Surviving
Corporation shall have any liability for the transfer and other similar Taxes described in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(i)</U> under any circumstance. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>1.2</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Company Actions</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Schedule</B><B></B><B><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> and Company Schedule</B><B></B><B><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&nbsp;13E-3</FONT></B>. As promptly as practicable on the Offer Commencement Date, following the filing of the Offer Documents, the Company shall (i)&nbsp;file with the SEC a Tender Offer Solicitation/Recommendation
Statement on <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> (together with any exhibits, amendments or supplements thereto, the &#147;<U>Schedule</U><U></U><U><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&nbsp;14D-9</FONT></U>&#148;) and a <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> (such <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> filed by the Company, the &#147;<U>Company Schedule</U><U></U><U><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&nbsp;13E-3</FONT></U>&#148;)
that, subject to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.1(b)</U>, shall reflect the Company Board Recommendation and the Special Committee Recommendation and include the notice and other information required by Section&nbsp;262(d)(2) of the DGCL and
(ii)&nbsp;cause the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> and the Company <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> and related documents to be disseminated to holders of Shares as and to the extent required
by applicable Legal Requirements, including by setting the Stockholder List Date as the record date for purposes of receiving the notice required by Section&nbsp;262(d)(2) of the DGCL. The Company agrees that it shall cause the <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> and the Company <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> (x)&nbsp;to comply in all material respects with the Exchange Act and other applicable Legal Requirements and
(y)&nbsp;to not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading; <I>provided, however</I>, that no covenant is made by the Company with respect to information supplied by or on behalf of Parent or Purchaser for inclusion or incorporation by reference in the
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> or the Company <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3.</FONT> Each of Parent, Purchaser and the Company agrees to respond promptly to any comments (including oral comments) of
the SEC or its staff and to promptly correct any information provided by it for use in the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> or the Company <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> if and to the extent
that such information shall have become false or misleading in any material respect, and the Company further agrees to take all steps necessary to cause the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> as so corrected to be filed with
the SEC and to be disseminated to holders of Shares, in each case as and to the extent required by applicable Legal Requirements. Parent and Purchaser shall promptly furnish or otherwise make available to the Company or the Company&#146;s legal
counsel all information concerning Parent or Purchaser that may be required in connection with any action contemplated by this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.2(a)</U>. Except to the extent an amendment relates to an Acquisition Proposal, a Company
Adverse Change Recommendation or a &#147;stop, look and listen&#148; or similar communication of the type contemplated in Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14d-9(f)</FONT> under the Exchange Act, Parent and its counsel shall be given reasonable
opportunity to review and comment on the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> and the Company <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> (including any response to any comments (including oral comments) of the
SEC or its staff with respect thereto, except to the extent such comments relate to the portion of an amendment related to an Acquisition </P>
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Proposal, a Company Adverse Change Recommendation or a &#147;stop, look and listen&#148; or similar communication of the type contemplated in Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14d-9(f)</FONT>
under the Exchange Act) prior to the filing thereof with the SEC, and the Company shall give reasonable and good faith consideration to any such comments made by Parent or its counsel. The Company agrees to provide Parent and its counsel with any
comments (including oral comments) the Company or its counsel may receive from the SEC or its staff with respect to the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> or the Company
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> promptly after receipt of those comments (including oral comments). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Stockholder Lists</B>. The Company shall promptly furnish Parent with a list of its stockholders, mailing labels
and any available listing or computer file containing the names and addresses of all record holders of Shares and lists of securities positions of Shares held in stock depositories, in each case accurate and complete as of the most recent
practicable date, and shall provide to Parent such additional information (including updated lists of stockholders, mailing labels and lists of securities positions) and such other assistance as Parent may reasonably request in connection with the
Offer and the Merger (the date of the list used to determine the Persons to whom the Offer Documents and the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> are first disseminated, which date shall not be more than ten (10)&nbsp;business
days prior to the date the Offer Documents and the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> are first disseminated, the &#147;<U>Stockholder List Date</U>&#148;). Except for such steps as are necessary to disseminate the Offer
Documents, the Parent <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> and any other documents necessary to consummate the Transactions, Parent and Purchaser and their agents shall hold in confidence the information contained in any such
labels, listings and files, shall use such information only in connection with the Offer and the Merger and, if this Agreement shall be terminated, shall, upon request by the Company, deliver, and shall use their reasonable best efforts to cause
their agents to deliver, to the Company (or destroy) all copies and any extracts or summaries from such information then in their possession or control, and, if requested by the Company, promptly certify to the Company in writing that all such
material has been returned or destroyed. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Share Registry</B>. The Company shall register (and shall instruct
its transfer agent to register) the transfer of the Shares accepted for payment by Purchaser effective immediately after the Offer Acceptance Time. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SECTION&nbsp;2 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>MERGER TRANSACTION </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>2.1</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Merger of Purchaser into the Company</B>. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this
Agreement and in accordance with Section&nbsp;251(h) of the DGCL, at the Effective Time, the Company and Parent shall consummate a merger, whereby Purchaser shall be merged with and into the Company (the &#147;<U>Merger</U>&#148;), the separate
existence of Purchaser shall cease, and the Company will continue as the surviving corporation in the Merger (the &#147;<U>Surviving Corporation</U>&#148;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>2.2</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Effect of the Merger</B>. The Merger shall have the effects set forth in this Agreement and in the
applicable provisions of the DGCL. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, at the Effective Time, all of the property, rights, privileges, immunities, powers and franchises of the Company and Purchaser shall vest in the Surviving
Corporation, and all of the </P>
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debts, liabilities and duties of the Company and Purchaser shall become the debts, liabilities and duties of the Surviving Corporation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>2.3</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Closing; Effective Time</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless this Agreement shall have been terminated pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8</U>, and unless
otherwise mutually agreed in writing between the Company, Parent and Purchaser, the consummation of the Merger (the &#147;<U>Closing</U>&#148;) shall take place at the offices of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher&nbsp;&amp; Flom LLP, 500 Boylston
Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116, as soon as practicable following the Offer Acceptance Time except if the conditions set forth in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;7.1</U> shall not be satisfied or, to the extent permissible by applicable Legal
Requirements, waived as of such date, in which case on the first business day on which all conditions set forth in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;7.1</U> are satisfied or, to the extent permissible by applicable Legal Requirements, waived, unless
another date or place is agreed to in writing by the Company and Parent. The date on which the Closing occurs is referred to in this Agreement as the &#147;<U>Closing Date</U>&#148;. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, as soon as practicable on the Closing Date, the Company and Purchaser
shall file or cause to be filed a certificate of merger with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware with respect to the Merger, in such form as required by, and executed and acknowledged in accordance with, the relevant provisions of the
DGCL, and the Parties shall take all such further actions as may be required by applicable Legal Requirements to make the Merger effective. The Merger shall become effective upon the date and time of the filing of that certificate of merger with the
Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or such later date and time as is agreed upon in writing by the Parties and specified in the certificate of merger (such date and time, the &#147;<U>Effective Time</U>&#148;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>2.4</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws; Directors and Officers</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As of the Effective Time, the certificate of incorporation of the Company shall by virtue of the Merger and without
any further action, be amended and restated to read in its entirety as set forth on <U>Annex</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;II</U> and, as so amended and restated, shall be the certificate of incorporation of the Surviving Corporation until thereafter changed
or amended as provided therein or by applicable Legal Requirements, subject to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.5(a)</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As of the Effective Time, the bylaws of the Surviving Corporation shall be amended and restated to conform to the
bylaws of Purchaser as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, until thereafter changed or amended as provided therein or by applicable Legal Requirements, subject to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.5(a)</U>, except that references to the
name of Purchaser shall be replaced by references to the name of the Surviving Corporation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As of the
Effective Time, the directors and officers of the Surviving Corporation shall be the respective individuals who served as the directors and officers of Purchaser as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, until their respective successors are
duly elected and qualified, or their earlier death, resignation or removal. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>2.5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Conversion of Shares. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any further action on the part of Parent, Purchaser, the
Company or any stockholder of the Company: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any Shares held immediately prior to the Effective Time by the
Company (or held in the Company&#146;s treasury) shall be cancelled and retired and shall cease to exist, and no consideration shall be delivered in exchange therefor; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any Shares held immediately prior to the Effective Time by Parent, Purchaser or any other direct or indirect
wholly owned Subsidiary of Parent shall be cancelled and retired and shall cease to exist, and no consideration shall be delivered in exchange therefor; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;except as provided in <U>clauses</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;(i)</U> and <U>(ii)</U>&nbsp;above and subject to
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.5(b)</U>, each Share outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than any Dissenting Shares, which shall have only those rights set forth in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.7</U>), shall be converted
into the right to receive the Offer Price, without any interest thereon (such amount, the &#147;<U>Merger Consideration</U>&#148;), and subject to any withholding of Taxes in accordance with <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.6(e)</U>; and </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iv)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;each share of the common stock, $0.001 par value per share, of Purchaser then outstanding shall be converted into
one share of common stock of the Surviving Corporation. From and after the Effective Time, all Shares shall no longer be outstanding and shall automatically be cancelled and shall cease to exist, and each applicable holder of such Shares shall cease
to have any rights with respect thereto, except (1)&nbsp;the right to receive the Merger Consideration therefor upon the surrender of such shares of Company Common Stock in accordance with <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.6</U>, or (2)&nbsp;any
rights set forth in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.7</U> in respect of Dissenting Shares. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If, between the
date of this Agreement and the Effective Time, the outstanding Shares are changed into a different number or class of shares by reason of any stock split, division or subdivision of shares, stock dividend, reverse stock split, consolidation of
shares, reclassification, recapitalization or other similar transaction, then the Merger Consideration shall be appropriately adjusted. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>2.6</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Surrender of Certificates; Stock Transfer Books</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prior to the Offer Acceptance Time, Parent shall designate a bank or trust company reasonably acceptable to the
Company to act as agent (the &#147;<U>Depository Agent</U>&#148;) for the holders of Shares to receive the aggregate Offer Price to which holders of such Shares shall become entitled pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(b)</U> and to act as
agent (the &#147;<U>Paying Agent</U>&#148;) for the holders of Shares to receive the aggregate Merger Consideration to which holders of such Shares shall become entitled pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.5</U>. Prior to the Offer
Acceptance Time, Parent shall deposit, or shall cause to be deposited, with the Depository Agent cash sufficient to make the payment of the aggregate Offer Price payable pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(h)</U>. On or prior to the
Closing Date, Parent shall deposit, or shall cause to be deposited, with the Paying Agent cash sufficient to pay the aggregate Merger Consideration payable pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.5</U> (together with the amount deposited
pursuant the immediately preceding sentence, the &#147;<U>Payment Fund</U>&#148;). </P>
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The Payment Fund shall not be used for any purpose other than to pay the aggregate Offer Price in the Offer and the aggregate Merger Consideration in the Merger. The Payment Fund shall be
invested by the Paying Agent as directed by the Surviving Corporation; <I>provided</I> that such investments shall be (w)&nbsp;in obligations of or guaranteed by the United States of America, (x)&nbsp;in commercial paper obligations rated <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">A-1</FONT> or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">P-1</FONT> or better by Moody&#146;s Investors Service, Inc. or Standard&nbsp;&amp; Poor&#146;s Corporation, respectively, (y)&nbsp;in certificates of deposit, bank repurchase
agreements or banker&#146;s acceptances of commercial banks with capital exceeding $1&nbsp;billion, or (z)&nbsp;in money market funds having a rating in the highest investment category granted by a recognized credit rating agency at the time of
acquisition or a combination of the foregoing and, in any such case, no such instrument shall have a maturity exceeding three (3)&nbsp;months; <I>provided, further, </I>that no gain or loss thereon shall affect the amounts payable hereunder and
Parent shall take all actions necessary to ensure that the Payment Fund includes at all times cash sufficient to satisfy Parent&#146;s and Purchaser&#146;s obligations under this Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Promptly after the Effective Time (but in no event later than five (5)&nbsp;business days thereafter), the
Surviving Corporation shall cause to be delivered to each Person who was, at the Effective Time, a holder of record of (i)&nbsp;Shares represented by a certificate evidencing such Shares (the &#147;<U>Certificates</U>&#148;) or (ii)&nbsp;Book-Entry
Shares, who, in each case was entitled to receive the Merger Consideration pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.5</U>, (A)&nbsp;a form of letter of transmittal, which shall be in reasonable and customary form and shall specify that delivery
shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to the Certificates shall pass, only upon proper delivery of the Certificates (or affidavits of loss in lieu thereof in accordance with <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.6(f)</U>, if applicable) to the
Paying Agent, or a customary agent&#146;s message in respect to Book-Entry Shares, and (B)&nbsp;instructions for use in effecting the surrender of the Certificates or Book-Entry Shares in exchange for the Merger Consideration issuable and payable in
respect of such Shares pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.5</U>. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent of Certificates (or affidavits of loss in lieu thereof in accordance with <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.6(f)</U>, if applicable) or
Book-Entry Shares, together with such letter of transmittal in the case of Certificates, duly completed and validly executed in accordance with the instructions thereto, and such other documents as may be required pursuant to the instructions, the
holder of such Certificates or Book-Entry Shares shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor the Merger Consideration for each Share formerly evidenced by such Certificates or Book-Entry Shares, and such Certificates and Book-Entry Shares
shall then be cancelled. No interest shall accrue or be paid on the Merger Consideration payable upon the surrender of any Certificates or Book-Entry Shares for the benefit of the holder thereof. If the payment of any Merger Consideration is to be
made to a Person other than the Person in whose name the surrendered Certificates formerly evidencing the Shares is registered on the stock transfer books of the Company, it shall be a condition of payment that the Certificate so surrendered shall
be endorsed properly or otherwise be in proper form for transfer and that the Person requesting such payment shall have paid all transfer and other similar Taxes required by reason of the payment of the Merger Consideration to a Person other than
the registered holder of the Certificate surrendered, or shall have established to the satisfaction of the Surviving Corporation that such transfer or other Taxes either have been paid or are not applicable. None of Parent, Purchaser and the
Surviving Corporation shall have any liability for the transfer and other similar Taxes described in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.6(b)</U> under any circumstance. Payment of the applicable Merger Consideration with respect to Book-Entry
Shares shall only be made to the Person in whose name such Book-Entry Shares are registered. Until surrendered as </P>
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contemplated by this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.6</U>, each Certificate and Book-Entry Share shall be deemed at any time after the Effective Time to represent only the right to receive the
applicable Merger Consideration as contemplated by <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.5</U>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At any time
following twelve (12)&nbsp;months after the Effective Time, Parent shall be entitled to require the Paying Agent to deliver to it any funds (with respect to the aggregate Merger Consideration to which holders of Shares shall become entitled pursuant
to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.5</U>) which had been made available to the Paying Agent and not disbursed to holders of Certificates or Book-Entry Shares (including all interest and other income received by the Paying Agent in respect of all
funds made available to it), and, thereafter, such holders shall be entitled to look to the Surviving Corporation (subject to abandoned property, escheat and other similar Legal Requirements) only as general creditors thereof with respect to the
Merger Consideration that may be payable upon due surrender of the Certificates or Book-Entry Shares held by them, without any interest thereon. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither the Surviving Corporation nor the Paying Agent shall be liable to
any holder of Certificates or Book-Entry Shares for the Merger Consideration delivered in respect of such share to a public official pursuant to any abandoned property, escheat or other similar Legal Requirements. Any amounts remaining unclaimed by
such holders at such time at which such amounts would otherwise escheat to or become property of any Governmental Body shall become, to the extent permitted by applicable Legal Requirements, the property of the Surviving Corporation or its designee,
free and clear of all claims or interest of any Person previously entitled thereto. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At the close of business
on the day of the Effective Time, the stock transfer books of the Company with respect to the Shares shall be closed and thereafter there shall be no further registration of transfers of Shares on the records of the Company. From and after the
Effective Time, the holders of the Shares outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall cease to have any rights with respect to such Shares except as otherwise provided herein or by applicable Legal Requirements. If, after the Effective
Time, Certificates or Book-Entry Shares are presented to the Surviving Corporation for any reason, they shall be cancelled and exchanged as provided in this Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each of the Company, the Surviving Corporation, Parent and Purchaser, and their Affiliates, shall be entitled to
deduct and withhold (or cause the Paying Agent or the Depository Agent to deduct and withhold) from the Offer Price, the Merger Consideration payable to any holder of the Shares or any holder of Company Options or Company RSUs or any other
consideration otherwise payable pursuant to this Agreement such amounts as it is required by any Legal Requirement to deduct and withhold with respect to Taxes. Each such payor shall take all action that may be necessary to ensure that any such
amounts so withheld are promptly and properly remitted to the appropriate Governmental Body. To the extent that amounts are so deducted or withheld and properly remitted to the appropriate Governmental Body, such deducted or withheld amounts shall
be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the holder of the Shares, holder of Company Options or Company RSUs or other recipient of consideration hereunder in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If any Certificate shall have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the
holder of the Shares formerly represented by that </P>
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Certificate, or by a representative of that holder, claiming that Certificate to be lost, stolen or destroyed and, if required by the Surviving Corporation, the posting by that holder of a bond,
in such reasonable amount as Parent may direct, as indemnity against any claim that may be made against it with respect to such Certificate (which shall not exceed the Merger Consideration payable with respect to such Certificate), the Paying Agent
will pay (less any amounts entitled to be deducted or withheld pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.6(e)</U>), in exchange for such lost, stolen or destroyed Certificate, the applicable Merger Consideration to be paid in respect of the Shares
formerly represented by such Certificate, as contemplated by this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>2.7</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Dissenters</B><B>&#146;</B><B> Rights</B>. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary,
Shares outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, and held by holders who are entitled to appraisal rights under Section&nbsp;262 of the DGCL and have properly exercised and perfected their respective demands for appraisal of such Shares
in the time and manner provided in Section&nbsp;262 of the DGCL and, as of the Effective Time, have neither effectively withdrawn nor lost their rights to such appraisal and payment under the DGCL (the &#147;<U>Dissenting Shares</U>&#148;), shall
not be converted into the right to receive Merger Consideration, but shall, by virtue of the Merger, be automatically cancelled and no longer outstanding, shall cease to exist and shall be entitled to only such consideration as shall be determined
pursuant to Section&nbsp;262 of the DGCL; <I>provided</I> that if any such holder shall have failed to perfect or shall have effectively withdrawn or lost such holder&#146;s right to appraisal and payment under the DGCL, such holder&#146;s Shares
shall be deemed to have been converted as of the Effective Time into the right to receive the Merger Consideration (less any amounts entitled to be deducted or withheld pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.6(e)</U>), and such Shares shall not
be deemed to be Dissenting Shares. The Company shall give prompt notice to Parent and Purchaser of any demands received by the Company for appraisal of any Dissenting Shares, withdrawals of such demands and any other instruments served pursuant to
Section&nbsp;262 of the DGCL, in each case prior to the Effective Time. Parent and Purchaser shall have the right to direct and participate in all negotiations and proceedings with respect to such demands, and the Company shall not, without the
prior written consent of Parent and Purchaser, settle or offer to settle, or make any payment with respect to, any such demands, or agree or commit to do any of the foregoing. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>2.8</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Treatment of Company Options and Company RSUs</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At the Effective Time, each Company Option that is then outstanding and unexercised, whether or not vested and which
has a per share exercise price that is less than the Merger Consideration (each, an &#147;<U>In the Money Option</U>&#148;), shall be cancelled and converted into the right of the holder thereof to receive a cash payment equal to (A)&nbsp;the excess
of (x)&nbsp;the Merger Consideration over (y)&nbsp;the exercise price payable per Share under such In the Money Option, <I>multiplied by</I> (B)&nbsp;the total number of Shares subject to such In the Money Option immediately prior to the Effective
Time (without regard to vesting). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At the Effective Time, each Company Option, other than an In the Money
Option, that is then outstanding and unexercised, whether or not vested, shall be cancelled with no consideration payable to the holder thereof in respect thereof. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At the Effective Time, each then outstanding Company RSU, whether or not vested, shall be cancelled and the holder
thereof shall be entitled to receive a cash payment </P>
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equal to the product of (i)&nbsp;the Merger Consideration and (ii)&nbsp;the number of Shares subject to such Company RSU immediately prior to the Effective Time. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As soon as reasonably practicable after the Effective Time (but no later than the later of (i)&nbsp;five (5)
business days after the Effective Time and (ii)&nbsp;the first payroll date after the Effective Time), Parent shall cause the Surviving Corporation to, and the Surviving Corporation shall, pay the aggregate consideration payable pursuant to
<U>Sections</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.8(a)</U> and <U>2.8(c)</U>, net of any applicable withholding Taxes, with respect to In the Money Options and Company RSUs through, to the extent applicable, the Surviving Corporation&#146;s payroll to the holders of
Company Options and/or Company RSUs. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prior to the Effective Time, the Company shall take all actions
appropriate or necessary to effect the transactions described in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.8</U>, including, if deemed appropriate or necessary by the Company, the acceleration of the exercisability of the Company Options. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To the extent a payment made pursuant to the timing otherwise set forth in this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.8</U> would trigger a Tax or penalty under Section&nbsp;409A of the Code, such payment shall be made on the earliest subsequent date that payment would not trigger such Tax or penalty. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>2.9</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>FIRPTA Certificate</B>. At the Closing, the Company shall deliver to Parent a certificate and form of
notice to the IRS prepared in accordance with the requirements of Treasury Regulation <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Section&nbsp;1.897-2(h)(2)</FONT> (the &#147;<U>FIRPTA Certificate</U>&#148;) along with written authorization for Parent to
deliver the FIRPTA Certificate to the IRS on behalf of the Company upon the Closing of the Merger. The Company&#146;s obligation to deliver the FIRPTA Certificate shall not be considered a condition precedent to the Offer or the Closing of the
Merger. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>2.10</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Further Action</B>. The Parties agree to take all necessary action to cause the Merger to
become effective in accordance with this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2</U> as soon as practicable following the consummation of the Offer without a meeting of the Company&#146;s stockholders, as provided in Section&nbsp;251(h) of the DGCL. If, at
any time after the Effective Time, any further action is reasonably determined by Parent to be necessary or desirable to carry out the purposes of this Agreement or to vest the Surviving Corporation with full right, title and possession of and to
all rights and property of Purchaser and the Company, the officers and directors of the Surviving Corporation and Parent shall be fully authorized (in the name of Purchaser, in the name of the Company and otherwise) to take such action. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SECTION&nbsp;3 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company hereby represents and warrants to Parent and Purchaser as follows (it being understood that (a)&nbsp;each representation and
warranty contained in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3</U> is subject to (i)&nbsp;exceptions and disclosures set forth in the section or subsection of the Company Disclosure Schedule corresponding to the particular Section or subsection in this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3</U>; (ii) any exception or disclosure set forth in any other section or subsection of the Company Disclosure </P>
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Schedule to the extent it is reasonably apparent that such exception or disclosure is applicable to qualify such representation and warranty; and (iii)&nbsp;disclosure in the Company SEC
Documents filed and publicly available prior to the date of this Agreement (other than any information in the &#147;Risk Factors&#148; or &#147;Forward-Looking Statements&#148; sections of such Company SEC Documents or other general cautionary or
forward-looking statements in any other sections of such Company SEC Documents), (b) the representations and warranties contained in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3</U> are not made in respect of any Contract solely between the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and Parent or any of its Affiliates, on the other hand, and (c)&nbsp;all matters actually known as of the date hereof by Parent&#146;s chief executive officer, chief financial officer and general counsel shall
be deemed disclosed in respect of this Agreement). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Due Organization; Subsidiaries, Etc. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of
Delaware, and the Company&#146;s only Subsidiaries are set forth in Exhibit&nbsp;21.1 to the Company&#146;s Annual Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K</FONT> for the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2019 (the Company and each
such Subsidiary, an &#147;<U>Acquired Corporation</U>&#148; and collectively, the &#147;<U>Acquired Corporations</U>&#148;). Each such Subsidiary is an Entity duly organized, validly existing and, except as has not had, and would not reasonably be
expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, formation or organization, as applicable. Each Acquired Corporation has all necessary power and
authority: (i)&nbsp;to conduct its business in the manner in which its business is currently being conducted; and (ii)&nbsp;to own and use its assets in the manner in which its assets are currently owned and used, except as would not reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Each Acquired Corporation is qualified or licensed to do business as a foreign corporation, and is in good standing, in each jurisdiction where the nature of its business requires such qualification or
licensing, except where the failure does not have, and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company owns beneficially and of record all of the outstanding shares of capital stock or equity interests of
the other Acquired Corporations, free and clear of all Encumbrances and transfer restrictions, except for Permitted Encumbrances or Encumbrances or transfer restrictions of general applicability as may be provided under the Securities Act or
applicable securities laws. Except for the shares of capital stock or equity interests of the other Acquired Corporations held by the Company, no Acquired Corporation owns, directly or indirectly, any capital stock or equity interests of, or
subscriptions, options, calls, warrants or rights (whether or not currently exercisable) to acquire, or other securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for, any capital stock or equity interests of any Entity. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.2</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws</B>. The Company has delivered or made available to Parent
accurate and complete copies of its certificate of incorporation and bylaws, including all amendments thereto, as in effect on the date hereof, through filings with the SEC. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Capitalization, Etc. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of: (i) 125,000,000 Shares, of which 101,615,491 Shares had
been issued and were outstanding as of the close of business on August&nbsp;27, 2020, none of which were subject to vesting or employment-based forfeiture conditions; and (ii)&nbsp;10,000,000 shares of Company Preferred Stock, of which no shares are
outstanding. From the close of business on August&nbsp;27, 2020 through the date of this Agreement, there have been no issuances of any Shares, other than issuances of Shares pursuant to the exercise, vesting or settlement, as applicable, of any
Company Options or Company RSUs outstanding as of August&nbsp;27, 2020 in accordance with the terms of such Company Options or Company RSUs. All of the outstanding Shares and the outstanding shares of capital stock or equity interests of the other
Acquired Corporations have been duly authorized and validly issued, and are fully paid and nonassessable. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)&nbsp;None of the outstanding shares of capital stock or equity interests of the Acquired Corporations are
entitled or subject to any preemptive right, right of repurchase or forfeiture, right of participation, right of maintenance or any similar right; (ii)&nbsp;none of the outstanding shares of capital stock or equity interests of the Acquired
Corporations are subject to any right of first refusal in favor of any Acquired Corporation; (iii)&nbsp;there are no outstanding bonds, debentures, notes or other indebtedness of any Acquired Corporation having a right to vote on any matters on
which the stockholders of the Acquired Corporations have a right to vote; and (iv)&nbsp;there is no Contract relating to the voting or registration of, or restricting any Person from purchasing, selling, pledging or otherwise disposing of (or from
granting any option or similar right with respect to), any shares of capital stock or equity interests of the Acquired Corporations. No Acquired Corporation is under any obligation to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any outstanding shares of
capital stock or equity interests of the Acquired Corporations. The Shares constitute the only outstanding class of securities of any Acquired Corporation registered under the Securities Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As of the close of business on August&nbsp;27, 2020: (i)&nbsp;10,053,397 Shares were subject to issuance pursuant
to Company Options granted and outstanding under the Company Equity Plan and (ii)1,536,119 Shares were subject to issuance pursuant to Company RSUs granted and outstanding under the Company Equity Plan. As of the close of business on June 30, 2020:
(A) 6,607,438 Shares were reserved for future issuance under the Company Equity Plan and (B) 1,893,951 Shares were reserved for future issuance under the Company ESPP. Other than as set forth in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.3(c)</U>, there
is no issued, reserved for issuance, outstanding or authorized stock option, stock appreciation, phantom stock, profit participation or similar rights or equity-based awards with respect to any Acquired Corporation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as set forth in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.3</U> and except for the Company Options and Company
RSUs outstanding as of the date of this Agreement (and Shares issuable upon the exercise thereof), there are no: (i)&nbsp;outstanding shares of capital stock or other securities of any Acquired Corporation; (ii)&nbsp;outstanding subscriptions,
options, calls, warrants or rights (whether or not currently exercisable) to acquire any shares of the capital stock, restricted stock unit, stock-based performance unit or any other right that is linked to, or the value of which is in any way based
on or derived from the value of any shares of capital stock or other securities of any Acquired Corporation, in each case other than derivative securities not issued by an Acquired </P>
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Corporation; (iii)&nbsp;outstanding securities, instruments, bonds, debentures, notes or obligations that are or may become convertible into or exchangeable for any shares of the capital stock or
other securities of any Acquired Corporation; or (iv)&nbsp;stockholder rights plans (or similar plans commonly referred to as a &#147;poison pill&#148;) or Contracts under which any Acquired Corporation is obligated to sell or otherwise issue any
shares of its capital stock or any other securities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company has delivered or made available a true and
correct listing of all Persons who hold outstanding Company Options or Company RSUs as of the close of business on August 24, 2020, indicating, with respect to each Company Option or Company RSU, the number of Shares subject thereto and, with
respect to Company Options, the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">per-Share</FONT> exercise price. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.4</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>SEC Filings; Financial Statements</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Since July&nbsp;19, 2017 (the &#147;<U>IPO Date</U>&#148;), the Company has filed or furnished on a timely basis all
reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents (including exhibits and all other information incorporated therein) required to be filed or furnished by the Company with the SEC (as supplemented, modified or amended since the time of
filing, the &#147;<U>Company SEC Documents</U>&#148;). As of their respective dates, or, if amended prior to the date of this Agreement, as of the date of (and giving effect to) the last such amendment (and, in the case of registration statements
and proxy statements, on the date of effectiveness and the dates of the relevant meetings, respectively), the Company SEC Documents complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002, as amended (the &#147;<U>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</U>&#148;), as the case may be, and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder applicable to those Company SEC Documents, and, except to the extent that information contained
in such Company SEC Document has been revised, amended, modified or superseded (prior to the date of this Agreement) by a later filed Company SEC Document, none of the Company SEC Documents when filed or furnished contained any untrue statement of a
material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The financial statements (including any related notes and schedules) contained or incorporated by reference in the
Company SEC Documents: (i)&nbsp;complied as to form in all material respects with the published rules and regulations of the SEC applicable thereto; (ii)&nbsp;were prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles
(&#147;<U>GAAP</U>&#148;) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered (except as may be indicated in the notes to such financial statements or, in the case of unaudited interim financial statements, as may be permitted by the SEC on
Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q,</FONT> <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> or any successor form under the Exchange Act); and (iii)&nbsp;fairly presented, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of the
respective dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows of the Company for the periods covered thereby (subject, in the case of the unaudited financial statements, to the absence of notes and to normal and recurring <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">year-end</FONT> adjustments). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company maintains a system of internal control
over financial reporting (as defined in Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15</FONT> under the Exchange Act) which is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
</P>
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financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP, and includes those policies and procedures that: (i)&nbsp;pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii)&nbsp;provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP
and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the Board of Directors; and (iii)&nbsp;provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use
or disposition of the assets of the Company that could have a material effect on the financial statements. The Company&#146;s management has completed an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company&#146;s system of internal control over financial
reporting in compliance with the requirements of Section&nbsp;404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2019, and, except as set forth in the Company SEC Documents filed prior to the date of this Agreement, that
assessment concluded that those controls were effective. To the knowledge of the Company, since January&nbsp;1, 2020, neither the Company nor the Company&#146;s independent registered accountant has identified or been made aware of: (1)&nbsp;any
significant deficiency or material weakness in the design or operation of the internal control over financial reporting utilized by the Company, which is reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company&#146;s ability to record, process, summarize
and report financial information; or (2)&nbsp;any fraud, whether or not material, that involves the management or other employees of the Company who have a significant role in the Company&#146;s internal control over financial reporting. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures as defined in and required by Rule <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15</FONT> or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">15d-15</FONT> under the Exchange Act that are reasonably designed to ensure that all information required to be disclosed in the Company&#146;s reports that it files or
submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and that all such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company&#146;s management as
appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and to enable the principal executive officer of the Company and the principal financial officer of the Company to make the certifications required under the Exchange Act with
respect to such reports. The Company is in compliance in all material respects with all current listing and corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company is not a party to, nor does it have any obligation or other commitment to become a party to, <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#147;off-balance</FONT> sheet arrangements&#148; (as defined in Item 303(a) of Regulation <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-K</FONT> under the Exchange Act) where the result, purpose or intended effect of such Contract
is to avoid disclosure of any material transaction involving, or material liabilities of, the Company in the Company SEC Documents. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As of the date of this Agreement, there are no outstanding or unresolved comments in comment letters received from
the SEC with respect to the Company SEC Documents. To the knowledge of the Company, none of the Company SEC Documents is the subject of ongoing SEC review and there are no inquiries or investigations by the SEC or any internal investigations pending
or threatened, in each case regarding any accounting practices of the Company. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each document required to be
filed by the Company with the SEC in connection with the Offer, including the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> and Company <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> (the
</P>
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&#147;<U>Company Disclosure Documents</U>&#148;), and any amendments or supplements thereto, when filed, distributed or otherwise disseminated to the Company&#146;s stockholders, as applicable,
will comply as to form in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Exchange Act. The Company Disclosure Documents, at the time of the filing of such Company Disclosure Documents or any supplement or amendment thereto with the
SEC and at the time such Company Disclosure Documents or any supplements or amendments thereto are first distributed or otherwise disseminated to the Company&#146;s stockholders, will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The information with respect to the Company that the Company furnishes to Parent or Purchaser specifically for use
in the Offer Documents or the Parent <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3,</FONT> at the time of the filing of and at the time of any distribution or dissemination of the Offer Documents and the Parent
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3,</FONT> will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in
light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding the foregoing, the
Company makes no representation with respect to statements made or incorporated by reference therein based on information supplied by or on behalf of Parent or Purchaser for inclusion or incorporation by reference in the Company Disclosure
Documents. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.5</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Absence of Changes</B><B>; No Material Adverse Effect</B>. Except as expressly
contemplated by this Agreement, from June&nbsp;30, 2020 through the date of this Agreement: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;except for
discussions, negotiations and activities related to this Agreement or other potential strategic transactions, the Acquired Corporations have operated in all material respects in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice; and </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there has not occurred any event, occurrence, circumstance, change or effect that, individually or in the
aggregate, has had or would reasonably be expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.6</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Title to
Assets</B>. Each Acquired Corporation has good and valid title to all material assets (excluding Intellectual Property Rights) owned by it as of the date of this Agreement, and such assets are owned by the Acquired Corporations free and clear of any
Encumbrances (other than Permitted Encumbrances). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.7</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Real Property</B>.<B> </B> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Acquired Corporations do not own any real property. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Acquired Corporations hold valid and existing leasehold interests in the real property that is leased or
subleased by the Acquired Corporations from another Person and is listed in the Company SEC Documents (the &#147;<U>Material </U><U>Leased Real Property</U>&#148;), free and clear of all Encumbrances other than Permitted Encumbrances. No Acquired
Corporation has </P>
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received any written notice regarding any material violation or breach or default under any lease related to the Material Leased Real Property that has not since been cured. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.8</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Intellectual Property</B><B>; Privacy</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as has not had, and would not be reasonably expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect, (i)&nbsp;all
Registered IP that is Owned IP or Registered IP exclusively licensed to any Acquired Corporation are valid, enforceable, subsisting and not abandoned or cancelled and (ii)&nbsp;no Legal Proceeding (other than routine examination proceedings with
respect to pending applications) is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened in writing against any Acquired Corporation, in which the validity of any Registered IP owned or purported to be owned by, or exclusively licensed to, an
Acquired Corporation is being contested or challenged. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as has not had, and would not be reasonably
expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect, (i)&nbsp;the Acquired Corporations are the sole and exclusive owners of all Registered IP that is Owned IP, in each case owned or purported to be owned by the Acquired Corporations, free and clear of all
Encumbrances (other than Permitted Encumbrances and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Out-bound</FONT> Licenses) and (ii)&nbsp;the Company has the legal power to convey to the Surviving Corporation all of its rights in all material Company IP. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To the knowledge of the Company, except as has not had, and would not be reasonably expected to have, a Material
Adverse Effect, (i)&nbsp;each Company Associate who is involved in the creation of any material Company IP has signed an agreement containing an assignment of Intellectual Property Rights to an Acquired Corporation and confidentiality provisions
protecting such Company IP, (ii)&nbsp;there is no breach under any such agreement and (iii)&nbsp;no Governmental Body holds any ownership rights to Owned IP. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as has not had, and would not be reasonably expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect, the Acquired
Corporations have taken reasonable steps to maintain the confidentiality of all Trade Secrets held by an Acquired Corporation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as has not had, and would not be reasonably expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect, (i)&nbsp;to the
knowledge of the Company, the operation of the Acquired Corporations&#146; business as currently conducted does not infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate any Intellectual Property Rights owned or purported to be owned by any other Person;
(ii)&nbsp;no Legal Proceeding is pending or, is being threatened in writing against an Acquired Corporation alleging infringement, misappropriation or other violation of any Intellectual Property Rights of another Person; and (iii)&nbsp;to the
knowledge of the Company, in the two (2)&nbsp;years prior to the date hereof, no Acquired Corporation has received any written notice alleging any infringement, misappropriation or other violation of any Intellectual Property Right of another Person
by an Acquired Corporation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as has not had, and would not be reasonably expected to have, a Material
Adverse Effect, (i)&nbsp;to the knowledge of the Company, no Person is infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating in any respect any Company IP and (ii)&nbsp;no Legal </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">18 </P>

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Proceeding is pending or threatened in writing by an Acquired Corporation alleging infringement, misappropriation or other violation of any Company IP. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as has not had, and would not be reasonably expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect, none of the Company
IP owned or purported to be owned by an Acquired Corporation is subject to any pending or outstanding order or judgment, that restricts the use or licensing of any such Company IP by an Acquired Corporation, or otherwise affects in any respect the
validity, use or enforceability of any such Company IP. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To the knowledge of the Company, each Acquired
Corporation owns or is licensed to use, or has the right to use, all Registered IP necessary for the conduct of business substantially in the manner conducted, except as has not had, and would not be reasonably expected to have, a Material Adverse
Effect. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the foregoing representation is not to be interpreted as a representation regarding infringement or misappropriation of any Intellectual Property Rights owned or purported to be
owned by any other Person, which is dealt with exclusively in Section&nbsp;3.8(e) above. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as has not
had, and would not be reasonably expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect, (i)&nbsp;the Acquired Corporations are in compliance with applicable Legal Requirements, as well as their own policies, relating to privacy, data protection or the
collection and use of Personal Data collected, used or held for use by or on behalf of any Acquired Corporation and (ii)&nbsp;no Legal Proceedings are pending or threatened in writing against any Acquired Corporation alleging a violation of any
applicable Legal Requirements, or any Acquired Corporation&#146;s own policies relating to privacy, data protection or the collection and use of Personal Data. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as has not had, and would not be reasonably expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect, (i)&nbsp;the
Acquired Corporations have implemented a written information security program that includes appropriate administrative, physical and technical safeguards to secure any Personal Data used by the Acquired Corporations from unauthorized use or access,
acquisition or other compromise of such Personal Data (any such incident, a &#147;<U>Security Incident</U>&#148;) and (ii), to the Company&#146;s knowledge, in the one year prior to the date hereof, there have not been any Security Incidents or
Legal Proceedings related to actual or alleged Security Incidents. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.9</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Contracts</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 3.9(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule identifies each Contract to which any Acquired Corporation is a
party, or by which it is bound, that constitutes a Material Contract as of the date of this Agreement; <I>provided, however, </I>that Section&nbsp;3.9(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule does not identify any Contracts with Parent or its
Affiliates. For purposes of this Agreement, each of the following to which any Acquired Corporation is a party or by which it is bound as of the date of this Agreement constitutes a &#147;<U>Material Contract</U>&#148; (excluding any Employee Plan):
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any Contract that is a settlement, conciliation or similar agreement with or approved by any Governmental
Body and pursuant to which (A)&nbsp;an Acquired </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">19 </P>

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Corporation will be required after the date of this Agreement to pay any monetary obligations or (B)&nbsp;that contains material obligations or limitations on such Acquired Corporation&#146;s
conduct; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any Contract (A)&nbsp;materially limiting the freedom or right of any Acquired Corporation to
engage in any line of business or to compete with any other Person in any location or line of business, (B)&nbsp;containing any material &#147;most favored nations&#148; terms and conditions (including with respect to pricing) granted by any
Acquired Corporation or (C)&nbsp;containing material exclusivity obligations or otherwise materially limiting the freedom or right of any Acquired Corporation to sell, distribute or manufacture any products or services for any other Person; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any Contract that requires by its terms or is reasonably expected to require the payment or delivery of cash or
other consideration to any Acquired Corporation in an amount having an expected value in excess of $2,000,000 in the fiscal year ending December&nbsp;31, 2020, or by any Acquired Corporation in an amount having an expected value in excess of
$2,000,000 in the fiscal year ending December&nbsp;31, 2020, and in each case which cannot be cancelled by such Acquired Corporation without penalty or further payment without more than ninety (90)&nbsp;days&#146; notice; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iv)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any Contract relating to Indebtedness in excess of $500,000 (whether incurred, assumed, guaranteed or secured by
any asset) of any Acquired Corporation; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(v)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any Contract with any Person constituting a material joint venture,
collaboration, partnership or similar profit sharing arrangement; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(vi)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any Contract with a group purchasing
organization; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(vii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any Contract that prohibits the declaration or payment of dividends or distributions in
respect of the capital stock or equity interests of an Acquired Corporation, the pledging of the capital stock or equity interests of an Acquired Corporation or the issuance of any guaranty by an Acquired Corporation; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(viii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any material <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">In-bound</FONT> License, Third Party IP Contract or <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Out-bound</FONT> License; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ix)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any Contract pursuant to which the Company has
continuing obligations or interests involving (1)&nbsp;the achievement of regulatory or commercial milestones or other similar contingent payments in excess of $2,000,000 or (2)&nbsp;payment of royalties or other amounts calculated based upon any
revenues or income of the Company, in each case that cannot be terminated by the Company without penalty or further payment without more than ninety (90)&nbsp;days&#146; notice; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(x)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any stockholders, investor rights, registration rights or similar Contract; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xi)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;each Contract related to the acquisition or divestiture of a business or material assets that contains continuing
representations, covenants, indemnities or other obligations (including <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#147;earn-out&#148;</FONT> or other contingent payment obligations); </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">20 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any Real Property Lease; and </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xiii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any other Contract that is currently in effect and has been filed (or is required to be filed) by the Company
as an exhibit pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-K</FONT> under the Securities Act or that would be required to be disclosed under Item 404 of Regulation <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-K</FONT> under the
Securities Act. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As of the date of this Agreement, the Company has either delivered or made available to Parent
an accurate and complete copy of each Material Contract or has publicly made available such Material Contract in the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval (EDGAR) database of the SEC. No Acquired Corporation nor, to the knowledge of the
Company, the other party is in material breach of, or material default under, any Material Contract and no Acquired Corporation, or to the knowledge of the Company, the other party to a Material Contract has taken or failed to take any action that
with or without notice, lapse of time or both would constitute a material breach of or material default under any Material Contract. Each Material Contract is, with respect to the Acquired Corporations and, to the knowledge of the Company, the other
party, a valid and binding agreement in full force and effect, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as such enforcement may be subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws of
general applicability relating to or affecting creditors&#146; rights, and by general equitable principles. Since the IPO Date, the Acquired Corporations have not received any written notice regarding any material violation or breach or default
under any Material Contract that has not since been cured. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.10</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Undisclosed </B><B>Liabilities</B>. The
Acquired Corporations do not have any liabilities (whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise) except for: (i)&nbsp;liabilities reflected or reserved against in the financial statements or notes thereto included in the Company SEC Documents
filed prior to the date of this Agreement; (ii)&nbsp;liabilities or obligations incurred pursuant to the terms of this Agreement and in respect of the Transactions; (iii)&nbsp;liabilities for performance of obligations under Contracts binding upon
the Acquired Corporations (other than resulting from any breach thereof) either delivered or made available to Parent prior to the date of this Agreement or entered into in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice;
(iv)&nbsp;liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice since June&nbsp;30, 2020; and (v)&nbsp;liabilities that have not, and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a
Material Adverse Effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.11</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Compliance with Legal Requirements</B>. Except as has not had, and would
not reasonably be expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect, the Acquired Corporations are, and since the IPO Date have been, in compliance with all applicable Legal Requirements and, since the IPO Date, no Acquired Corporation has been given
written notice of, or been charged with, any material violation of, any applicable Legal Requirement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.12</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Regulatory Matters</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Acquired Corporations have filed with the applicable regulatory authorities (including the FDA, the EMA or any
other Governmental Body performing functions similar to those performed by the FDA) all required material filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions, including but not limited to Adverse Drug Reaction
</P>
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Reporting, since the IPO Date. All such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions were in material compliance with applicable Legal Requirements when filed, and no
deficiencies have been asserted in writing by any applicable Governmental Body with respect to any such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions that have not been remedied. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Acquired Corporations hold all material Regulatory Permits required for their business as currently conducted,
and each such Regulatory Permit is valid and in in full force and effect. The Acquired Corporations are in compliance in all material respects with the terms and requirements of such Regulatory Permits. Since the IPO Date, no deficiencies have been
asserted in writing by any applicable Governmental Body with respect to any Regulatory Permits of the Acquired Corporations. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Since the IPO Date, the Acquired Corporations have not received any written notice from a Governmental Body that
any of their products are misbranded as defined in 21 U.S.C. &#167; 352 or adulterated as defined in 21 U.S.C. &#167; 351, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, or as defined in comparable Legal Requirements in any
jurisdiction. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as set forth in Company Disclosure Schedule, all preclinical and clinical investigations
sponsored by the Acquired Corporations (each such preclinical or clinical investigation with respect to a material product or product candidate of the Acquired Corporations, a &#147;<U>Clinical Study</U>&#148;) have been and are being conducted in
material compliance with applicable Legal Requirements, including Good Clinical Practice Requirements. No Acquired Corporation has received any written notice or other correspondence from the FDA, the EMA or any other Governmental Body performing
functions similar to those performed by the FDA requiring the termination, suspension or material modification of any ongoing Clinical Study. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No Acquired Corporation has (i)&nbsp;made an untrue statement of a material fact or fraudulent statement to the
FDA, the EMA or any similar Governmental Body, (ii)&nbsp;failed to disclose a material fact required to be disclosed to the FDA, the EMA or any similar Governmental Body or (iii)&nbsp;committed any other act, made any statement or failed to make any
statement, that (in any such case) establishes a reasonable basis for the FDA to invoke its Fraud, Untrue Statements of Material Facts, Bribery, and Illegal Gratuities Final Policy or for any other Governmental Body to invoke any similar policy. As
of the date of this Agreement, no Acquired Corporation is the subject of any pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened investigation by the FDA pursuant to its Fraud, Untrue Statements of Material Facts, Bribery, and Illegal Gratuities
Final Policy or by any other Governmental Body under any similar policy. No Acquired Corporation nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any officer, employee or agent of an Acquired Corporation nor any clinical investigator conducting any Clinical
Studies has been suspended or debarred or convicted of any crime or engaged in any conduct that would reasonably be expected to result in (A)&nbsp;debarment under 21 U.S.C. &#167; 335a or any similar Legal Requirement or (B)&nbsp;exclusion under 42
U.S.C. &#167; <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">1320a-7</FONT> or any similar Legal Requirement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each Acquired
Corporation, to the knowledge of the Company, is in compliance and has, since the IPO Date, been in compliance, in each case, in all material </P>
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respects, with all pharmaceutical- and healthcare-related Legal Requirements applicable to the operation of its business, including (together with their implementing regulations and in each case
as amended) (i)&nbsp;the FDCA; (ii)&nbsp;the Public Health Service Act, (iii)&nbsp;the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996; (iv) the Health Information and Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act; (v)&nbsp;the federal
Medicare and Medicaid statutes; (vi)&nbsp;government program and price reporting Legal Requirements under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program (42 U.S.C. &#167; <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">1396r-8),</FONT> the Medicare program (42 U.S.C. &#167; <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">1395w-3a),</FONT> the United States Department of Veterans Affairs Federal Supply Schedule (38 U.S.C. &#167; 8126) including requirements under related contracts and agreements; (vii)&nbsp;the Physician Payments Sunshine
Act; (viii)&nbsp;the federal Anti-Kickback Statute (42 U.S.C. &#167; <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">1320a-7(b));</FONT> (ix) the federal False Claims Act (42 U.S.C. &#167; <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">1320a-7b(a));</FONT> (x) the Civil
Monetary Penalty provisions of the Social Security Act; and (xiii)&nbsp;all applicable foreign Legal Requirements equivalent to any of the foregoing (the &#147;<U>Healthcare Laws</U>&#148;). To the knowledge of the Company, no Acquired Corporation,
is subject to any enforcement, regulatory or administrative proceedings, audit, or investigation against such Acquired Corporation relating to or arising under the Healthcare Laws, and no such enforcement, regulatory or administrative proceeding, or
audit or investigation has been threatened in writing. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Since the IPO Date, there have been no product recalls
conducted by the Acquired Corporations and no written requests from any Governmental Body requiring the Acquired Corporations to cease to manufacture, market, distribute or sell any products of the Acquired Corporations. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Acquired Corporations have implemented and have in place a compliance program that satisfies in all material
respects the fundamental requirements of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines and the principles established by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(HHS-OIG).</FONT> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To the knowledge of the Company, no person has filed against the Company any Legal Proceeding relating to the
Company under any federal or state whistleblower statute, including under the False Claims Act of 1863 (31 U.S.C. &#167; 3729 et seq.). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Since the IPO Date, no Acquired Corporation has been notified in writing by any Governmental Body of any failure
(or any investigation with respect thereto) by it or any representative, agent, contract manufacturing organization, contract research organization, clinical investigator or clinical trial site acting on behalf of an Acquired Corporation to comply
with any Healthcare Law including those pertaining to the conduct of clinical studies, pharmacovigilance, Good Manufacturing Practice Requirements, Good Laboratory Practice Requirements, Good Clinical Practice Requirements, establishment
registration and product listing requirements, requirements applicable to the debarment of individuals, requirements applicable to clinical trial sponsors related to financial disclosures for clinical investigators and Adverse Drug Reaction
Reporting requirements, in each case with respect to any product or product candidates of any Acquired Corporation, except for such failures or investigations which would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a
Material Adverse Effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(k)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, none of the
representations and warranties in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.12</U> are given with respect to any action (or </P>
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omission to act) in respect of any research, development, collaboration or similar commercialization activities undertaken jointly between an Acquired Corporation, on the one hand, and Parent or
any of its Subsidiaries, on the other hand, other than any such action (or omission to act) by an Acquired Corporation solely on its own behalf. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.13</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Certain Business Practices</B>. No Acquired Corporation nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any of its
Representatives (in each case, acting in the capacity of a Representative of such Acquired Corporation) has (i)&nbsp;used any material funds (whether of an Acquired Corporation or otherwise) for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other
unlawful expenses relating to political activity, (ii)&nbsp;made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns or (iii)&nbsp;violated any provision of any
Anti-Corruption Laws or any rules or regulations promulgated thereunder, anti-money laundering laws or any rules or regulations promulgated thereunder or any applicable Legal Requirement of similar effect. Since the IPO Date, no Acquired Corporation
has received any written communication from a Governmental Body that alleges any of the foregoing. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.14</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Governmental Authorizations</B>. The Acquired Corporations hold all material Governmental Authorizations
necessary to enable the Acquired Corporations to conduct their business in the manner in which such business is currently being conducted. The material Governmental Authorizations held by the Acquired Corporations are valid and in full force and
effect. The Acquired Corporations are in compliance, in all material respects, with the terms and requirements of such Governmental Authorizations. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.15</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Tax Matters</B>. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a
Material Adverse Effect, with respect to the representations contained in subsections (a)&nbsp;through (f) and (h)&nbsp;through (j) below: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)&nbsp;Each of the income and other material Tax Returns required to be filed by or on behalf of an Acquired
Corporation with any Governmental Body on or before the Closing Date (the &#147;<U>Company Returns</U>&#148;) has been or will be filed on or before the applicable due date (including any valid extensions of such due date), and has been, or will be
when filed, prepared in accordance with all applicable Legal Requirements and is true, correct and complete in all material respects, and (ii)&nbsp;all material Taxes due and payable by an Acquired Corporation (whether or not shown on the Company
Returns) on or before the Closing Date have been or will be timely paid to the relevant Governmental Body. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each Acquired Corporation has complied with all applicable Legal Requirements relating to the payment, collection,
withholding and remittance of Taxes (including information reporting or similar requirements) with respect to payments made to or received from any employee, independent contractor, creditor, stockholder, customer or other third party. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The most recent balance sheet included in the Company SEC Documents filed prior to the date of this Agreement
reflects adequate accruals and reserves for all liabilities of the Company for Taxes with respect to all periods through the date thereof in accordance with GAAP. Each Acquired Corporation shall establish or has established, in the ordinary course
of </P>
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business consistent with past practice and in accordance with GAAP, reserves adequate for the payment of all material Taxes that are unpaid or that are not yet due and payable for any taxable
period that ends on or prior to the Closing Date or for the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">pre-Closing</FONT> portion of any taxable period that includes the Closing Date. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are no pending examinations, audits or other Legal Proceedings now pending or asserted, contemplated, or
threatened, in each case in writing, in respect of any material Taxes, Tax Returns or other Tax matters of or with respect to any Acquired Corporation. No deficiency or adjustment of material Taxes has been asserted in writing as a result of any
examination, audit or other Legal Proceeding by any Governmental Body that has not been paid or accrued for in the most recent balance sheet included in the Company SEC Documents in accordance with GAAP and contested in good faith and in accordance
with applicable Legal Requirements. No unresolved written claim has been received by any Acquired Corporation from any Governmental Body in any jurisdiction where such Acquired Corporation does not file Tax Returns that such Acquired Corporation is
or may be subject to Taxes in that jurisdiction. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No Acquired Corporation (i)&nbsp;is or has been a member of
any affiliated, consolidated, combined, unitary or similar group for purposes of filing Tax Returns or paying Taxes (other than a group the common parent of which is or was the Company, another Acquired Corporation, or Parent), and (ii)&nbsp;has any
liability for the Taxes of any other Person (other than the Acquired Corporations or Parent) under <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Section&nbsp;1.1502-6</FONT> of the Treasury Regulations (or any similar or analogous provision of state, local or <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-U.S.</FONT> law), as a transferee or successor, by contract or otherwise (other than pursuant to customary Tax <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">gross-up</FONT> or similar provisions contained in commercial agreements
entered into in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and not primarily relating to Taxes). No Acquired Corporation is required to make any payments after the date of this Agreement in respect of any Taxes imposed under
Section&nbsp;965 of the Code. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;None of the Acquired Corporations have been either a &#147;distributing
corporation&#148; or a &#147;controlled corporation&#148; in any distribution intended to qualify for <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">tax-free</FONT> treatment under Section&nbsp;355(a) of the Code either (i)&nbsp;during the two (2)-year period
ending on the Closing Date, or (ii)&nbsp;in a distribution which could otherwise constitute part of a &#147;plan&#148; or &#147;series of related transactions&#148; (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;355(e) of the Code) in connection with the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No Acquired Corporation has participated in any &#147;listed
transaction&#148; within the meaning of Treasury Regulations <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Section&nbsp;1.6011-4(b)(2)</FONT> (or any analogous or similar provision of state, local or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-U.S.</FONT> law). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Acquired Corporations will not be required to include any item of income in, or exclude any item of deduction
from, the computation of taxable income for any taxable period (or portion thereof) ending after the Closing Date, as a result of any (i)&nbsp;change in or improper use of any method of accounting prior to the Closing, (ii) &#147;closing
agreement&#148; as described in Section&nbsp;7121 of the Code (or any corresponding or similar provision of state, local or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-U.S.</FONT> income Tax law) executed prior to the Closing, (iii)&nbsp;installment sale
or open transaction disposition made prior to the Closing, (iv)&nbsp;prepaid amount received or deferred </P>
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revenue accrued prior to the Closing, (v)&nbsp;intercompany transaction consummated or excess loss account existing on or prior to the Closing Date, in either case described in the Treasury
Regulations under Section&nbsp;1502 of the Code (or any corresponding or similar provision of state, local or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-U.S.</FONT> Tax law) or (vi)&nbsp;election under Section&nbsp;108(i) of the Code (or any corresponding
or similar provision of any state, local or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-U.S.</FONT> Tax law) made prior to the Closing. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No Acquired Corporation is party to or bound by any agreement or arrangement with any Person other than Parent or
another Acquired Corporation relating to the apportionment, sharing, assignment, indemnification or allocation of any Tax or Tax asset, other than Tax <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">gross-up</FONT> or similar provisions contained in commercial
agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and not primarily relating to Taxes. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There are no material Encumbrances with respect to Taxes upon any of the assets or properties of any Acquired
Corporation, other than with respect to Taxes that are (i)&nbsp;not yet due and payable or (ii)&nbsp;currently being contested in good faith through appropriate proceedings and for which adequate reserves have been established, in accordance with
GAAP, on the most recent balance sheet included in the Company SEC Documents. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein and regardless of what may
be reported on any Tax Returns, the Company makes no representation regarding (i)&nbsp;the amount of any net operating losses, Tax credit, or charitable contribution carryovers that are available to it or have been reported by an Acquired
Corporation for any federal, state or other Tax purposes, or (ii)&nbsp;any limitation on use by an Acquired Corporation of any net operating losses, Tax credit, or charitable contribution carryovers that might apply either before or after the
Effective Time under Code Section&nbsp;382 or any other applicable limitations under any Legal Requirement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.16</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Employee Matters; Benefit Plans</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any collective bargaining agreement or other Contract
with a labor organization representing any of its employees. Since the IPO Date, there has not been any strike, lockout, labor dispute or union organizing activity, or any threat thereof, by any current or former employees of the Company or its
Subsidiaries with respect to their employment with the Company or its Subsidiaries. Since the IPO Date, the Company and each of its Subsidiaries has complied with all applicable Legal Requirements related to employment and employment practices,
including terms and conditions of employment, wages and hours, discrimination, employee classification, workers&#146; compensation, family and medical leave, immigration and occupational safety and health requirements, and no Legal Proceedings are
pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against any Acquired Corporation with respect to the foregoing, in each case, except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as would not reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, each individual who renders services to any Acquired Corporation who is classified as an independent contractor, consultant or other <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-employee</FONT> status for any
purpose (including for purposes of taxation and Tax reporting and under Employee Plans) is properly so characterized. </P>
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forth an accurate and complete list of each material Employee Plan (other than health and welfare plans, which nevertheless constitute Employee Plans) and each individual employment agreement providing for severance and each individual severance
agreement. To the extent applicable, the Company has either delivered or made available to Parent prior to the execution of this Agreement with respect to each material Employee Plan accurate and complete copies of: (i)&nbsp;all plan documents and
all amendments thereto, and all related trust or other funding documents, and in the case of unwritten material Employee Plans, written descriptions thereof, (ii)&nbsp;all determination letters, rulings, opinion letters, information letters or
advisory opinions issued by the IRS or the United States Department of Labor (&#147;<U>DOL</U>&#148;), (iii) the most recent summary plan descriptions and any material modifications thereto, (iv)&nbsp;the Form 5500 filed with the DOL for the last
plan year, (v)&nbsp;the most recently prepared financial statements or actuarial reports and (vi)&nbsp;any other material correspondence with a Governmental Body since the IPO Date. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Neither the Company nor any other Person that would be or, at any relevant time following the IPO Date, would have
been considered a single employer with the Company under the Code or ERISA (other than Parent) has ever maintained, contributed to, or been required to contribute to, or otherwise incurred any material liability with respect to, (i)&nbsp;a plan
subject to Title IV or Section&nbsp;302 of ERISA or Code Section&nbsp;412 or 4971, including any &#147;single employer&#148; defined benefit plan or any &#147;multiemployer plan,&#148; each as defined in Section&nbsp;4001 of ERISA, or (ii)&nbsp;a
plan that has two (2)&nbsp;or more contributing sponsors at least two (2)&nbsp;of whom are not under common control, within the meaning of Section&nbsp;4063 of ERISA. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each of the Employee Plans that is intended to be qualified under Section&nbsp;401(a) of the Code has obtained a
favorable determination letter (or opinion letter, if applicable) as to its qualified status under the Code and there are no circumstances or events that would reasonably be expected to cause the loss of the qualified status of any such Employee
Plan. Except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect: (i)&nbsp;each of the Employee Plans has been operated in compliance in all respects with its terms and all applicable Legal Requirements, including, but not limited
to, ERISA and the Code; (ii)&nbsp;there are no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened Legal Proceedings against or with respect to any Employee Plan (other than routine claims for benefits in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice), and, to the knowledge of the Company, no set of circumstances exists that may reasonably give rise to a material Legal Proceeding against an Employee Plan, any fiduciaries thereof with respect to such Employee Plan or
the assets of any related trusts; (iii)&nbsp;no Employee Plan is under audit or the subject of an investigation by the IRS, the DOL, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, the SEC or any other Governmental Body, nor is any such audit or
investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened; and (iv)&nbsp;all contributions required to be made to any Employee Plan, by applicable Legal Requirements or otherwise, and all premiums due or payable with respect to insurance
policies funding any Employee Plan, have been timely made or paid in full or, to the extent not required to be made or paid on or before the date of this Agreement, have been fully reflected on the financial statements of the Company in accordance
with GAAP (to the extent required by GAAP). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except to the extent required under Section&nbsp;601 et seq. of
ERISA or 4980B of the Code (or any other similar state or local Legal Requirement) or pursuant to an employment, severance or other Employee Plan listed on <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.16(b)</U> of the Company
</P>
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Disclosure Schedule, neither the Company nor any Employee Plan has any present or future obligation to provide material post-employment welfare benefits to or make any payment to, or with respect
to, any present or former employee, officer, director or other service provider of the Company or its Subsidiaries pursuant to any retiree medical benefit plan or other retiree welfare plan. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as provided in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.8</U>, the consummation of the Transactions (including in
combination with other events or circumstances that on their own would not result in any entitlement to payment) will not (i)&nbsp;entitle any current or former employee, director, officer, independent contractor or other service provider of the
Company or its Subsidiaries to severance pay or any other material payment or benefit, (ii)&nbsp;accelerate the time of payment, vesting or exercisability, or materially increase the amount of, compensation or benefits due to any such employee,
director, officer, independent contractor or other service provider, or (iii)&nbsp;directly or indirectly cause the Company or its Subsidiaries to transfer or set aside any assets to fund any compensation or benefits under any Employee Plan. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No Employee Plan provides for the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">gross-up</FONT> or reimbursement of Taxes
incurred pursuant to Section&nbsp;4999 or 409A of the Code. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.17</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Environmental Matters</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Acquired Corporations are and have been since the IPO Date in compliance in all material respects with all
applicable Environmental Laws, which compliance includes obtaining, maintaining or complying with all Governmental Authorizations required under Environmental Laws for the operation of their business. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As of the date of this Agreement, there is no material Legal Proceeding relating to or arising under any
Environmental Law that is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against any Acquired Corporation or in respect to any Material Leased Real Property. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No Acquired Corporation has received any written notice, report or other information of or entered into any legally
binding agreement, order, settlement, judgment, injunction or decree involving uncompleted, outstanding or unresolved material violations, liabilities or requirements on the part of any Acquired Corporation relating to or arising under Environmental
Laws. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To the knowledge of the Company there are and have been no Hazardous Materials present or Releases on,
at, under or from any property or facility, including the Material Leased Real Property, in a manner and concentration that would reasonably be expected to result in any material claim against or liability of an Acquired Corporation under any
Environmental Law. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No Acquired Corporations has assumed, undertaken, or otherwise become subject to any
material liability of another Person relating to Environmental Laws. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.18</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Insurance</B>. The Acquired
Corporations maintain insurance coverage in such amounts and covering such risks as are in accordance in all material respects with normal </P>
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industry practice for companies of similar size and stage of development. To the Company&#146;s knowledge, all such insurance policies are in full force and effect, no notice of cancellation or
material modification has been received (other than a notice in connection with ordinary renewals), and there is no existing material default or event which, with the giving of notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute a material default, by
any insured thereunder, except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. As of the date of this Agreement, there is no material claim pending under any of the Company&#146;s insurance policies as to which coverage has
been questioned, denied or disputed by the underwriters of such policies, except as would not reasonably be expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.19</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Legal Proceedings; Orders</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As of the date of this Agreement, there is no Legal Proceeding pending and served (or, to the knowledge of the
Company, pending and not served or threatened), against the Company, except as has not, and would not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, materially impair, prevent or materially delay the Company&#146;s ability to
consummate the Transactions. Except for Legal Proceedings of the type described in the prior sentence, there are no material Legal Proceedings pending and served (or, to the knowledge of the Company, pending and not served or threatened) against any
Acquired Corporation or, to the knowledge of the Company, against any present or former officer, director or employee of an Acquired Corporation in such individual&#146;s capacity as such. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To the Company&#146;s knowledge, there is no material order, writ, injunction or judgment to which an Acquired
Corporation is subject. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To the Company&#146;s knowledge, no material investigation or review by any
Governmental Body with respect to an Acquired Corporation is pending or is being threatened. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.20</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Authority; Binding Nature of Agreement</B><B>; No Vote</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company has all requisite corporate power and authority to execute and deliver and to perform its obligations
under this Agreement and to consummate the Transactions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Affiliate Transactions Committee of the Board of
Directors (the &#147;<U>Special Committee</U>&#148;) has been duly authorized and constituted in accordance with the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the Company. Prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, at a meeting duly
called, convened and held in accordance with the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the Company, the Special Committee (i)&nbsp;determined that this Agreement and the Transactions, including the Offer and the Merger, are fair to, and in the
best interest of, the Company and its stockholders (other than Parent and its Affiliates), (ii) declared it advisable to enter into this Agreement, and (iii)&nbsp;recommended to the Board of Directors the execution, delivery and performance by the
Company of this Agreement and the consummation of the Transactions, including the Offer and the Merger, (the preceding clauses (i)&nbsp;through (iii), the &#147;<U>Special Committee Recommendation</U>&#148;) which resolutions, subject to
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.1</U>, have not been subsequently amended, withdrawn or modified. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, at a
meeting duly called, convened and held in accordance with the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the Company, the Board of Directors (i)&nbsp;determined that this Agreement and the Transactions, including the Offer and the Merger, are fair
to, and in the best interest of, the Company and its stockholders (other than Parent and its Affiliates), (ii) declared it advisable to enter into this Agreement, (iii)&nbsp;approved the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this
Agreement and the consummation of the Transactions, including the Offer and the Merger, (iv)&nbsp;resolved that the Merger shall be effected under Section&nbsp;251(h) of the DGCL, (v)&nbsp;resolved to recommend that the stockholders of the Company
(other than Parent and its Affiliates) tender their Shares to Purchaser pursuant to the Offer (the preceding <U>clauses</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;(i)</U> through <U>(v)</U>, the &#147;<U>Company </U><U>Board Recommendation</U>&#148;) and (vi)&nbsp;resolved
to include the Company Board Recommendation and the Special Committee Recommendation in the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> and the Company <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> when filed with the
SEC and disseminated to the Company&#146;s stockholders, which resolutions, subject to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.1</U>, have not been subsequently amended, withdrawn or modified. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by the Company, and assuming due authorization, execution and
delivery by Parent and Purchaser, this Agreement constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company and is enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as such enforcement may be subject to bankruptcy,
insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors&#146; rights, and by general equitable principles. Assuming satisfaction of the Minimum Condition, no vote
of any holders of any shares of capital stock of the Company, including any holders of Shares, is necessary to authorize or adopt this Agreement or to consummate the Transactions. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.21</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Takeover Laws</B>. The Board of Directors has taken and will take all actions so that the restrictions
applicable to business combinations contained in Section&nbsp;203 of the DGCL and any other Takeover Law are, and will be, to the extent such restrictions can be rendered inapplicable by action of the Board of Directors under Legal Requirements,
inapplicable to the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and to the consummation of the Offer, the Merger and the other Transactions. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">3.22&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-Contravention;</FONT> Consents. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Assuming compliance with the applicable provisions of the DGCL and the rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq,
the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company and the consummation of the Transactions will not: (i)&nbsp;cause a violation of any of the provisions of the certificate of incorporation or bylaws (or other organizational documents) of
any Acquired Corporation; (ii)&nbsp;cause a violation by any Acquired Corporation of any Legal Requirement or order applicable to an Acquired Corporation, or to which an Acquired Corporation is subject; (iii)&nbsp;require any consent or notice
under, conflict with, result in breach of, or constitute a default under (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default), or give rise to any right of purchase, termination, amendment, cancellation, acceleration or
other adverse change of any right or obligation or the loss of any benefit to which an Acquired Corporation is entitled under any provision of any Material Contract; or (iv)&nbsp;result in an Encumbrance (other than a Permitted Encumbrance) on any
of the property or assets of any </P>
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Acquired Corporation, except in the case of <U>clauses (ii)</U>, <U>(iii)</U> and <U>(iv)</U>, as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse
Effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except for the filing of the certificate of merger with the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware or as may be required by the Exchange Act (including the filing with the SEC of the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9,</FONT> the Company <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> and such reports under
the Exchange Act as may be required in connection with this Agreement and the Transactions), the DGCL and the rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq, the Acquired Corporations are not required to give notice to, make any filing with, or obtain
any Consent from any Governmental Body at any time prior to the Closing in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company, or the consummation by the Company of the Merger or the other Transactions, except those that the
failure to make or obtain as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.23</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Opinion of Financial Advisors</B>. The Special Committee has received the opinion of Cowen and Company,
LLC to the effect that, as of the date of such opinion, and based upon and subject to the various assumptions made, procedures followed, matters considered and limitations on the review undertaken in preparing such opinion as set forth therein, the
consideration consisting of $18.15 per Share to be received by the holders of Shares (other than Parent, its Affiliates, their respective directors and executive officers, and the other affiliated Persons listed on <U>Exhibit B</U>, and holders of
Dissenting Shares) in the Offer and the Merger pursuant to this Agreement is fair, from a financial point of view, to such holders, and such opinion has not been withdrawn or modified. The Company will make available to Parent solely for
informational purposes and on a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-reliance</FONT> basis, a signed copy of such opinion as soon as possible following the date of this Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>3.24</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Brokers and Other Advisors</B>. Except for Cowen and Company, LLC, no broker, finder, investment banker,
financial advisor or other Person is entitled to any brokerage, finder&#146;s, financial advisor&#146;s or other similar fee or commission, or the reimbursement of expenses in connection therewith, in connection with the Transactions based upon
arrangements made by or on behalf of the Company. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SECTION&nbsp;4 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND PURCHASER </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Parent and Purchaser represent and warrant to the Company as follows: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>4.1</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Due Organization</B>. Each of Parent and Purchaser is a corporation or other Entity duly organized,
validly existing and, except as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Parent Material Adverse Effect, in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization and has all necessary power and
authority: (a)&nbsp;to conduct its business in the manner in which its business is currently being conducted; and (b)&nbsp;to own and use its assets in the manner in which its assets are currently owned and used, except where the failure does not
have, and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Parent Material Adverse Effect. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>4.2</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Purchaser</B>. Purchaser was formed solely for the
purpose of engaging in the Transactions and activities incidental thereto and has not engaged, and prior to the Effective Time will not engage, in any business activities or conducted any operations other than in connection with the Transactions and
those incident to Purchaser&#146;s formation. Either Parent or a wholly owned Subsidiary of Parent owns beneficially and of record all of the outstanding capital stock of Purchaser, free and clear of all Encumbrances and transfer restrictions,
except for Encumbrances or transfer restrictions of general applicability as may be provided under the Securities Act or applicable securities laws. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>4.3</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Authority; Binding Nature of Agreement</B>. Parent and Purchaser have the corporate power and authority
to execute and deliver and perform their obligations under this Agreement and to consummate the Transactions. The boards of directors of Parent and Purchaser have each approved the execution, delivery and performance by Parent and Purchaser of this
Agreement and the consummation of the Transactions, including the Offer and the Merger. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by Parent and Purchaser, and assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by the Company, this
Agreement constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of Parent and Purchaser and is enforceable against Parent and Purchaser in accordance with its terms, except as such enforcement may be subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent
transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors&#146; rights, and by general equitable principles. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>4.4</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Non-Contravention;</FONT> Consents</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Assuming compliance with the applicable provisions of the DGCL, the execution and delivery of this Agreement by
Parent and Purchaser, and the consummation of the Transactions, will not: (i)&nbsp;cause a violation of any of the provisions of the certificate of incorporation or bylaws (or other organizational documents) of Parent or Purchaser; (ii)&nbsp;cause a
violation by Parent or Purchaser of any Legal Requirement or order applicable to Parent or Purchaser, or to which Parent or Purchaser are subject; or (iii)&nbsp;require any consent or notice under, conflict with, result in breach of, or constitute a
default under (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default), or give rise to any right of purchase, termination, amendment, cancellation, acceleration or other adverse change of any right or obligation or the loss of
any benefit to which Parent or Purchaser is entitled under any provision of any Contract, except in the case of <U>clauses </U><U>(ii)</U>&nbsp;and <U>(iii)</U>, as would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Parent
Material Adverse Effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except for the filing of the certificate of merger with the Secretary of State of the
State of Delaware or as may be required by the Exchange Act (including the filing with the SEC of the Offer Documents and the Parent <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3),</FONT> Takeover Laws, the DGCL and the applicable rules and
regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq, neither Parent nor Purchaser, nor any of Parent&#146;s other Affiliates, is required to give notice to, make any filing with or obtain any Consent from any Governmental Body at any time prior to the Closing in
connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by Parent or Purchaser, or the consummation by Parent or Purchaser of the Offer, the Merger or the other Transactions, except those that the failure to make or obtain as would not,
individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to have a Parent Material Adverse Effect. No vote of Parent&#146;s or Purchaser&#146;s stockholders is </P>
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necessary to approve this Agreement or any of the Transactions (except in the case of Purchaser as has previously been obtained). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>4.5</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Disclosure</B>. None of the Offer Documents or the Parent
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> will contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. None of the information with respect to Parent or Purchaser supplied or to be supplied by or on behalf of Parent or Purchaser or any of their Subsidiaries specifically for inclusion or
incorporation by reference in the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> or the Company <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> will (a)&nbsp;at the time such document is filed with the SEC, (b)&nbsp;at any
time such document is amended or supplemented or (c)&nbsp;at the time such document is first published, sent or given to the Company&#146;s stockholders, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to
be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. For clarity, the representations and warranties in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;4.5</U> will not
apply to statements or omissions included or incorporated by reference in the Offer Documents, the Parent <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3,</FONT> the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> or the Company <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;13E-3</FONT> based upon information supplied to Parent by the Company or any of its Representatives on behalf of the Company specifically for inclusion therein. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>4.6</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Absence of Litigation</B>. As of the date of this Agreement, there is no Legal Proceeding pending and
served or, to the knowledge of Parent, pending and not served, against Parent or Purchaser, except as has not had, and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Parent Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of
Parent or Purchaser, as of the date of this Agreement, neither Parent nor Purchaser is subject to any continuing order of, consent decree, settlement agreement or similar written agreement with, or continuing investigation by, any Governmental Body,
or any order, writ, judgment, injunction, decree, determination or award of any Governmental Body, except as has not had, and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Parent Material Adverse Effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>4.7</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Funds</B>. As of the date of this Agreement and at all times through the Effective Time, Parent has (and
will make available to Purchaser in a timely manner) available funds in an amount sufficient to consummate the Transactions by payment in cash of the aggregate Offer Price payable promptly following the Offer Acceptance Time, the aggregate Merger
Consideration payable following the Effective Time and the aggregate amounts payable to holders of Company Options and Company RSUs following the Effective Time pursuant to <U>Sections</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.8(a)</U> and <U>2.8(c)</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>4.8</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Acknowledgment by Parent and Purchaser</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Neither Parent nor Purchaser is relying and neither Parent nor Purchaser has relied on any representations or
warranties whatsoever regarding the Transactions or the subject matter of this Agreement, express or implied, except for the representations and warranties in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3</U>, including the Company Disclosure Schedule. Such
representations and warranties by the Acquired Corporations constitute the sole and exclusive representations and warranties of the Acquired Corporations in connection with the Transactions and each of Parent
</P>
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and Purchaser understands, acknowledges and agrees that all other representations and warranties of any kind or nature whether express, implied or statutory are specifically disclaimed by the
Acquired Corporations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In connection with the consideration by Parent and Purchaser of the Transaction, Parent
and Purchaser and their respective Affiliates, stockholders or Representatives may have reviewed and may continue to review after the date hereof certain estimates, projections, forecasts and other forward-looking information, as well as certain
business plan information, regarding the Acquired Corporations and their respective businesses and operations. Parent and Purchaser hereby acknowledge that there are uncertainties inherent in attempting to make such estimates, projections, forecasts
and other forward-looking statements, as well as in such business plans, and that Parent and Purchaser will have no claim against the Acquired Corporations, or any of their respective Affiliates, stockholders or Representatives, or any other Person
with respect thereto unless any such information is expressly included in a representation or warranty contained in this Agreement. Accordingly, Parent and Purchaser hereby acknowledge and agree that neither the Acquired Corporations nor any of
their respective Affiliates, stockholders or Representatives, nor any other Person, has made or is making any express or implied representation or warranty with respect to such estimates, projections, forecasts, forward-looking statements or
business plans unless any such information is expressly included in a representation or warranty contained in this Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>4.9</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Brokers and Other Advisors</B>. Except for Goldman Sachs&nbsp;&amp; Co. LLC and Stifel,
Nicolaus&nbsp;&amp; Company, Incorporated, no broker, finder, investment banker, financial advisor or other Person is entitled to any brokerage, finder&#146;s, financial advisor&#146;s or other similar fee or commission, or the reimbursement of
expenses in connection therewith, in connection with the Transactions based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of Parent, Purchaser, or any of their respective Subsidiaries, except for Persons, if any, whose fees and expenses shall be paid by
Parent or Purchaser. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>4.10</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Ownership of Shares</B>. As of the date hereof, Parent, its Subsidiaries and
its Affiliates (for the avoidance of doubt, excluding the individual directors and officers of Parent and its Subsidiaries) collectively beneficially own, and will beneficially own immediately prior to the Offer Acceptance Time, 77,094,682 Shares.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SECTION&nbsp;5 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>CERTAIN COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>5.1</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Access and Investigation</B>. During the period from the date of this Agreement until the earlier of the
Effective Time and the termination of this Agreement pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8</U> (the &#147;<U><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Pre-Closing</FONT> Period</U>&#148;), upon reasonable advance notice to the Company, the Acquired
Corporations shall, and shall cause the respective Representatives of the Acquired Corporations to provide Parent and Parent&#146;s Representatives with reasonable access during normal business hours of the Company to the Company&#146;s designated
Representatives and assets and to all existing books, records, documents and information relating to the Acquired Corporations, and promptly provide Parent and Parent&#146;s Representatives with all reasonably requested information regarding the
business of the Acquired Corporations and such additional financial, operating and </P>
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other data and information regarding the Acquired Corporations, as Parent may reasonably request, in each case for any reasonable business purpose related to the consummation of the Transaction;
<I>provided, however</I>, that any such access shall be conducted at Parent&#146;s <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">out-of-pocket</FONT></FONT> expense with supervision of appropriate personnel of the Acquired
Corporations where applicable and in such a manner as not to unreasonably interfere with the normal operation of the business of the Acquired Corporations. Nothing herein shall require any of the Acquired Corporations to disclose any information to
Parent if such disclosure would, in the Company&#146;s reasonable discretion and after notice to Parent (i)&nbsp;jeopardize any attorney-client or other legal privilege (so long as the Acquired Corporations have reasonably cooperated with Parent to
permit such inspection of or to disclose such information on a basis that does not waive such privilege with respect thereto), (ii) contravene any applicable Legal Requirement (so long as the Acquired Corporations have reasonably cooperated with
Parent to permit disclosure to the extent permitted by Legal Requirements) or (iii)&nbsp;violate any of its or its Affiliates&#146; respective confidentiality obligations (so long as the Acquired Corporations have reasonably cooperated with Parent
to permit disclosure to the extent permitted by such confidentiality obligations). With respect to the information disclosed pursuant to this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.1</U>, Parent shall comply with, and shall instruct Parent&#146;s
Representatives to comply with, all of its obligations under the letter agreement, effective as of July&nbsp;17, 2020, between the Company and Parent (the &#147;<U>Confidentiality Agreement</U>&#148;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>5.2</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Operation of the Acquired Corporations</B><B>&#146;</B><B> Business</B>. During the <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Pre-Closing</FONT> Period, except (w)&nbsp;as required or permitted under this Agreement or as required by applicable Legal Requirements, (x)&nbsp;with the written consent of Parent (such consent not to be unreasonably
withheld, delayed or conditioned) or as caused by Parent or its Affiliates, or (y)&nbsp;as set forth in Section&nbsp;5.2 of the Company Disclosure Schedule: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Company shall, and shall cause each Acquired Corporation to, use reasonable best efforts to conduct its
business in the ordinary course consistent in all material respects with past practice (other than in connection with this Agreement), and use its reasonable best efforts to preserve intact its business and material relationships with third parties;
and </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Acquired Corporations shall not: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) establish a record date for, declare, set aside or pay any dividend or make any other distribution in respect
of any shares of an Acquired Corporation&#146;s capital stock or equity interests (including the Shares), or (2)&nbsp;repurchase, redeem or otherwise reacquire any Acquired Corporation&#146;s capital stock or equity interests (including Shares) or
any rights, warrants or options to acquire any of such capital stock or equity interests, other than: (A)&nbsp;repurchases of Shares outstanding as of the date of this Agreement pursuant to the Company&#146;s right (under written commitments in
effect as of the date of this Agreement) to purchase Shares held by a Company Associate only upon termination of such Person&#146;s employment or engagement by the Company; (B)&nbsp;in connection with withholding to satisfy the exercise price and/or
Tax obligations with respect to Company Options or Company RSUs pursuant to the terms thereof (as in effect as of the date of this Agreement); or (C)&nbsp;between the Company and a wholly owned Acquired Corporation or between wholly owned Acquired
Corporations; </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;split, combine, subdivide or reclassify any shares of capital
stock or equity interests of any Acquired Corporation; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sell, issue, grant, deliver, pledge, transfer,
encumber or authorize the sale, issuance, grant, delivery, pledge, transfer or encumbrance of (A)&nbsp;any capital stock, equity interest or other security, (B)&nbsp;any option, call, warrant, restricted securities or right to acquire any capital
stock, equity interest or other security, or (C)&nbsp;any instrument convertible into or exchangeable for any capital stock, equity interest or other security (except that the Company may issue Shares as required to be issued upon the exercise of
Company Options and vesting of Company RSUs outstanding as of the date of this Agreement, pursuant to the terms thereof (as in effect on the date hereof), or issuable to participants in the Company ESPP in accordance with the terms thereof); </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iv)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;except as contemplated by <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.8</U>, <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.3(d)</U> or
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.4</U> or as required under the terms of any Employee Plan as in effect on the date of this Agreement (A)&nbsp;establish, adopt, terminate or materially amend any Employee Plan (or any plan, program, arrangement or
agreement that would be an Employee Plan if it were in existence on the date of this Agreement) or any collective bargaining agreement or other agreement with a labor organization, or accelerate the payment or vesting of compensation or benefits
under, any Employee Plans, (B)&nbsp;grant or agree to grant any current or former employee, director or other service provider any increase in severance, compensation, bonuses or other benefits, (C)&nbsp;cause the funding of any rabbi trust or
similar arrangement or take any action to fund or in any other way secure the payment of compensation or benefits, (D)&nbsp;grant or pay any bonuses or other awards or accelerate the payment, vesting of or lapse of restrictions with respect to any
incentive compensation or (E)&nbsp;hire or promote any person (except that the any hiring or promotion that (1)&nbsp;is consistent with the Company&#146;s past practice and is contemplated in the Company&#146;s hiring budget made available to Parent
prior to the date of this Agreement and (2)&nbsp;is not for an executive officer position, which shall be permitted) or terminate, other than for cause, the employment of any person; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(v)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;amend their certificates of incorporation or bylaws or other charter or organizational documents; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(vi)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;form any Subsidiary, acquire any equity interest in any other Entity or enter into any material joint venture,
partnership or similar arrangement; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(vii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make or authorize any capital expenditures, other than capital
expenditures (x)&nbsp;that do not exceed $100,000 individually or in the aggregate or (y)&nbsp;in accordance with the Company&#146;s operating budget made available to Parent prior to the date of this Agreement; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(viii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;acquire, lease, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">in-license,</FONT>
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">out-license,</FONT> sublicense, pledge, sell or otherwise dispose of, divest or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">spin-off,</FONT> abandon, waive, covenant not to assert, relinquish or permit to lapse (other than any
Patent expiring at the end of its statutory term and not capable of being extended), transfer or assign any material right or other material asset or property (including any Intellectual Property Rights) (except (A)&nbsp;in the ordinary course of
business consistent with past practice (including entering into clinical trial agreements and material </P>
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transfer agreements in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice), (B)&nbsp;pursuant to dispositions of obsolete, surplus or worn out assets that are no longer useful in the
conduct of the business of the Acquired Corporations or (C)&nbsp;capital expenditures permitted by clause (vii)&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.2(b)</U>); </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ix)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lend money or make capital contributions or advances to or make investments in, any Person, or incur or guarantee
any Indebtedness (except for advances to employees and consultants for travel and other business related expenses in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and in material compliance with the Company&#146;s policies related
thereto), other than between the Company and a wholly owned Acquired Corporation or between wholly owned Acquired Corporations; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(x)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) amend, modify or waive any rights under, exercise any option to renew or extend the term of, or voluntarily
terminate any Real Property Lease, (2)&nbsp;amend, modify or waive any rights under, in any material respect, or voluntarily terminate, any other Material Contract, or (3)&nbsp;enter into any (A)&nbsp;lease or sublease for real property or
(B)&nbsp;Contract which, if in effect on the date hereof, would constitute a Material Contract; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xi)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (1) adopt
or make any material change to any material Tax accounting method or change the annual accounting period used for Tax purposes of any material Acquired Corporation; (2)&nbsp;make, rescind or amend any material Tax election; (3)&nbsp;file a material
amended Tax Return or file a claim for a refund of material Taxes; (4)&nbsp;enter into a &#147;closing agreement&#148; within the meaning of Section&nbsp;7121 of the Code (or any corresponding or similar provision of any state, local or <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-U.S.</FONT> Tax law) with any Governmental Body regarding any material Tax refund, liability or assessment; (5)&nbsp;request any Tax ruling from any Governmental Body; (6)&nbsp;settle, compromise or consent to any
material Tax claim, audit or assessment or surrender a right to a material Tax refund; (7)&nbsp;except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice in connection with filing Tax Returns, agree to waive or extend the statute of
limitations with respect to any material Tax or material Tax Return; or (8)&nbsp;enter into any Tax allocation, indemnity or sharing agreement; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;settle, release, waive or compromise any Legal Proceeding or other claim (or threatened Legal Proceeding or
other claim), other than any settlement, release, waiver or compromise that (A)&nbsp;results solely in monetary obligations involving only the payment of monies by the Acquired Corporations of not more than $5,000,000 in the aggregate (excluding
monetary obligations that are funded by an indemnity obligation to, or an insurance policy of, any Acquired Corporations) or (B)&nbsp;results in no monetary or other material <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-monetary</FONT> obligation of any
Acquired Corporation; <I>provided</I> that the settlement, release, waiver or compromise of any Legal Proceeding or claim brought by any stockholders of the Company against the Company and/or its directors relating to the Transactions or a breach of
this Agreement shall not be subject to <U>this clause</U>; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xiii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;enter into any collective bargaining agreement
or other agreement with any labor organization; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xiv)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;adopt or implement any stockholder rights plan or similar
arrangement; </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xv)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;adopt a plan or agreement of complete or partial liquidation or
dissolution, merger, consolidation, restructuring, recapitalization or other reorganization of any of the Acquired Corporations; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xvi)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;relinquish, abandon or permit to lapse, or fail to take any action necessary to maintain, enforce and protect,
any of its material Intellectual Property Rights; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xvii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fail to maintain in full force and effect material
insurance policies covering the Acquired Corporations and their material properties, business, assets and operations in a form and amount consistent with past practice in all material respects; or </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xviii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;enter into any new agreement in respect of an investigator-sponsored study, or, in any material respect,
amend, modify or waive any agreement in respect of an investigator-sponsored study; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xix)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;authorize any of, or
agree or commit to take, any of the actions described in the foregoing <U>clauses</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;(i)</U> through <U>(xviii)</U>&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.2(b)</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>5.3</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>No Solicitation</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For the purposes of this Agreement, &#147;<U>Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement</U>&#148; means any customary
confidentiality agreement that (i)&nbsp;contains provisions that are not materially less favorable to the Company in the aggregate than those contained in the Confidentiality Agreement and (ii)&nbsp;does not prohibit the Company from providing any
information to Parent in accordance with this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.3</U>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as permitted by
this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.3</U>, during the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Pre-Closing</FONT> Period the Acquired Corporations shall not, and shall use reasonable best efforts to cause their officers, directors and employees not to, and
shall direct their other Representatives not to, (i)&nbsp;continue any solicitation, knowing encouragement, discussions or negotiations with any Persons that may be ongoing with respect to an Acquisition Proposal or (ii)&nbsp;(A) solicit, initiate
or knowingly facilitate or knowingly encourage (including by way of furnishing <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-public</FONT> information) any inquiries regarding, or the making of any proposal or offer that constitutes, or would reasonably be
expected to lead to, an Acquisition Proposal, (B)&nbsp;engage in, continue or otherwise participate in any discussions or negotiations regarding, or furnish to any other Person any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-public</FONT> information in
connection with, or for the purpose of soliciting or knowingly encouraging or facilitating, an Acquisition Proposal or any proposal or offer that would reasonably be expected to lead to an Acquisition Proposal or (C)&nbsp;enter into any letter of
intent, acquisition agreement, agreement in principle or similar agreement with respect to an Acquisition Proposal or any proposal or offer that would reasonably be expected to lead to an Acquisition Proposal; As promptly as reasonably practicable
(and in any event within two (2)&nbsp;business days) following the date hereof, the Company shall request the prompt return or destruction (to the extent provided for by the applicable confidentiality agreement) of all
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-public</FONT> information previously furnished to any Person (other than Parent) that has, within the one (1)-year period prior to the date of this Agreement, made or indicated an intention to make an Acquisition
Proposal. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If at any time on or after the date of this Agreement and prior
to the Offer Acceptance Time any Acquired Corporation or any of their Representatives receives an unsolicited <I>bona fide </I>written Acquisition Proposal from any Person or group of Persons, which Acquisition Proposal was made or renewed on or
after the date of this Agreement and did not result from a material breach of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.3</U>, (i) the Company and its Representatives may contact such Person or group of Persons solely to clarify the terms and conditions
thereof and (ii)&nbsp;if the Board of Directors or the Special Committee determines in good faith, after consultation with financial advisors and outside legal counsel, that such Acquisition Proposal constitutes or could reasonably be expected to
lead to a Superior Offer, then the Company and its Representatives may (x)&nbsp;furnish, pursuant to an Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement, information (including <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-public</FONT> information) with respect to the
Acquired Corporations to the Person or group of Persons who has made such Acquisition Proposal; <I>provided</I> that the Company shall as promptly as practicable (and no later than within 24 hours) provide to Parent any <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-public</FONT> information concerning the Acquired Corporations that is provided to any Person to the extent access to such information was not previously provided to Parent or its Representatives, and (y)&nbsp;engage
in or otherwise participate in discussions or negotiations with the Person or group of Persons making such Acquisition Proposal. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;During the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Pre-Closing</FONT> Period, the Company shall (i)&nbsp;promptly (and in
any event within 24 hours) notify Parent if any inquiries, proposals or offers with respect to an Acquisition Proposal are received by an officer or director of the Company and provide to Parent a copy of any written Acquisition Proposal (including
any proposed term sheet, letter of intent, acquisition agreement or similar agreement with respect thereto) and a summary of any material unwritten terms and conditions thereof, and (ii)&nbsp;keep Parent reasonably informed of any material
developments, discussions or negotiations regarding any Acquisition Proposal on a prompt basis (and in any event within 24 hours of such material development, discussion or negotiation). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nothing in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.3</U> or elsewhere in this Agreement shall prohibit the Company
from (i)&nbsp;taking and disclosing to the stockholders of the Company a position contemplated by Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14e-2(a),</FONT> Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14d-9</FONT> or Item 1012(a) of Regulation <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">M-A</FONT> promulgated under the Exchange Act, including any &#147;stop, look and listen&#148; communication pursuant to Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14d-9(f)</FONT> promulgated under the Exchange Act, or
(ii)&nbsp;making any disclosure to the stockholders of the Company that is required by applicable Legal Requirements. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Company agrees that if any Acquired Corporation or any officer, director or employee of an Acquired Corporation
takes any action which, if taken by the Company, would constitute a breach of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.3</U>, the Company shall be deemed to be in breach of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.3</U>. The Company further agrees that if
any Representative of an Acquired Corporation (other than an officer, director or employee of an Acquired Corporation) takes any action which, if taken by the Company, would constitute an intentional breach of this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.3,</U> and results in a <I>bona fide</I> publicly disclosed Acquisition Proposal, the Company shall be deemed to be in breach of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.3</U>. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>5.4</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Notice of Certain Events</B>. Each of the Company and
Parent shall promptly notify the other of: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any notice or other communication received by such Party from any
Governmental Body in connection with this Agreement, the Offer, the Merger or the other Transactions, or from any Person alleging that the consent of such Person is required in connection with the Offer, the Merger or the other Transactions; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any Legal Proceeding commenced or, to any Party&#146;s knowledge, threatened in writing against, such Party or any
of its Subsidiaries or otherwise relating to, involving or affecting such Party or any of its Subsidiaries, in each case in connection with, arising from or otherwise relating to the Offer, the Merger or the other Transactions; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the occurrence of any event, occurrence, circumstance, change or effect relating to it which would reasonably be
expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect, with respect to the Company, or a Parent Material Adverse Effect, with respect to Parent, as the case may be; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any inaccuracy of any representation or warranty of such Party contained in this Agreement at any time during the
term hereof that would reasonably be expected to cause any Offer Condition not to be satisfied; or </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any failure
of such Party to comply with or satisfy in any material respect any covenant, condition or agreement to be complied with or satisfied by it hereunder; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">provided, however, that the delivery of any notice pursuant to this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.4</U> shall not affect the representations, warranties,
covenants, agreements or obligations of the Parties hereunder or the conditions to the obligations of the Parties hereunder. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SECTION&nbsp;6 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>ADDITIONAL COVENANTS OF THE PARTIES </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>6.1</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Company Board Recommendation and Special Committee Recommendation</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subject to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.1(b)</U>, the Company hereby consents to the inclusion of a description
of the Company Board Recommendation and the Special Committee Recommendation in the Offer Documents. During the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Pre-Closing</FONT> Period, subject to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.1(b)</U>, neither the Board of
Directors nor any committee thereof (including the Special Committee) shall (i)(A) withdraw (or modify in a manner adverse to Parent or Purchaser), or publicly propose to withdraw (or modify in a manner adverse to Parent or Purchaser), the Company
Board Recommendation or the Special Committee Recommendation or (B)&nbsp;approve, recommend or declare advisable, or publicly propose to approve, recommend or declare advisable, any Acquisition Proposal (any action described in this clause&nbsp;(i)
being referred to as a &#147;<U>Company Adverse Change Recommendation</U>&#148;) or (ii)&nbsp;approve, recommend or declare advisable, or publicly propose to approve, recommend or declare advisable, or allow the Company to execute or enter into any
Contract with respect to any Acquisition Proposal, or requiring the Company to abandon, terminate, delay or fail to consummate, or that would </P>
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otherwise materially impede, or interfere with, the Transactions (other than an Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, at any time prior to the Offer Acceptance
Time: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if any Acquired Corporation has received a bona fide written Acquisition Proposal from any Person that
has not been withdrawn and after consultation with outside legal counsel, the Board of Directors or the Special Committee shall have determined, in good faith, that such Acquisition Proposal is a Superior Offer, (x)&nbsp;the Board of Directors or
the Special Committee may make a Company Adverse Change Recommendation, or (y)&nbsp;provided that no Acquired Corporation is in material breach of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.3</U> with respect to such Acquisition Proposal, the Company may
terminate this Agreement pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(e)</U> to enter into a Specified Agreement with respect to such Superior Offer, in each case, if and only if: (A)&nbsp;the Board of Directors or the Special Committee determines
in good faith, after consultation with outside legal counsel, that the failure to do so would be inconsistent with the fiduciary duties of the Board of Directors or the Special Committee, respectively, to the Company&#146;s stockholders under
applicable Legal Requirements; (B)&nbsp;the Company shall have given Parent prior written notice of its intention to make a Company Adverse Change Recommendation or terminate this Agreement pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(e)</U> at
least five (5)&nbsp;days prior to making any such Company Adverse Change Recommendation or termination (a &#147;<U>Determination Notice</U>&#148;) (which notice shall not constitute a Company Adverse Change Recommendation or termination) and, if
desired by Parent, during such five <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(5)-day</FONT> period shall have negotiated in good faith with respect to any revisions to the terms of this Agreement or another proposal to the extent proposed by Parent so that
such Acquisition Proposal would cease to constitute a Superior Offer; and (C)&nbsp;(1) the Company shall have provided to Parent information with respect to such Acquisition Proposal in accordance with <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.3(d)</U>, (2)
the Company shall have given Parent the five <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(5)-day</FONT> period after the Determination Notice to propose revisions to the terms of this Agreement or make another proposal so that such Acquisition Proposal would
cease to constitute a Superior Offer, and (3)&nbsp;after giving effect to the proposals made by Parent during such period, if any, after consultation with outside legal counsel, the Board of Directors or the Special Committee shall have determined,
in good faith, that such Acquisition Proposal is a Superior Offer and that the failure to make the Company Adverse Change Recommendation or terminate this Agreement pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(e)</U> would be inconsistent with the
fiduciary duties of the Board of Directors or the Special Committee, respectively, to the Company&#146;s stockholders under applicable Legal Requirements. Issuance of any &#147;stop, look and listen&#148; communication by or on behalf of the Company
pursuant to Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14d-9(f)</FONT> promulgated under the Exchange Act shall not be considered a Company Adverse Change Recommendation and shall not require the giving of a Determination Notice or compliance with the
procedures set forth in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.1</U>. The provisions of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.1(b)(i)</U> shall also apply to any material amendment to any Acquisition Proposal and require a new Determination Notice,
except that the references to five (5)&nbsp;days shall be deemed to be three (3)&nbsp;days; and </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in
connection with an Intervening Event, the Board of Directors or the Special Committee may make a Company Adverse Change Recommendation if: (A)&nbsp;the Board of Directors or the Special Committee determines in good faith, after consultation with
outside legal counsel, that the failure to do so would be inconsistent with the fiduciary duties of the </P>
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Board of Directors or the Special Committee, respectively, to the Company&#146;s stockholders under applicable Legal Requirements; (B)&nbsp;the Company shall have given Parent a Determination
Notice at least five (5)&nbsp;days prior to making any such Company Adverse Change Recommendation and, if desired by Parent, during such five <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(5)-day</FONT> period shall have negotiated in good faith with respect to
any revisions to the terms of this Agreement or another proposal to the extent proposed by Parent so that a Company Adverse Change Recommendation would no longer be necessary; and (C)&nbsp;(1) the Company shall have specified in reasonable detail
the facts and circumstances underlying the Intervening Event that render a Company Adverse Change Recommendation necessary, (2)&nbsp;the Company shall have given Parent the five <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(5)-day</FONT> period after the
Determination Notice to propose revisions to the terms of this Agreement or make another proposal so that a Company Adverse Change Recommendation would no longer be necessary, and (3)&nbsp;after giving effect to the proposals made by Parent during
such period, if any, after consultation with outside legal counsel, the Board of Directors or the Special Committee shall have determined, in good faith, that the failure to make the Company Adverse Change Recommendation in response to such
Intervening Event would be inconsistent with the fiduciary duties of the Board of Directors or the Special Committee, respectively, to the Company&#146;s stockholders under applicable Legal Requirements. The provisions of this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.1(b)(ii)</U> shall also apply to any material change to the facts and circumstances relating to such Intervening Event and require a new Determination Notice, except that for purposes of such subsequent Determination
Notice, the references to five (5)&nbsp;days shall be deemed to be three (3)&nbsp;days. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>6.2</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Filings,
Consents and Approvals</B>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Parties agree to use their respective reasonable best efforts to take promptly
any and all steps necessary to avoid or eliminate each and every impediment under any Legal Requirements (including any Antitrust Laws if applicable) that may be asserted by any Governmental Body or any other party, so as to enable the Closing to
occur as promptly as practicable, but in no case later than the End Date, including providing as promptly as reasonably practicable and advisable all information required by any Governmental Body. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, each of the Parties shall (and shall cause their respective
Affiliates, if applicable) to cooperate with each other in determining whether, and promptly preparing and making, any other filings, notifications or other consents are required to be made with, or obtained from, any Governmental Bodies in
connection with the Transactions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>6.3</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Employee Benefits</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;During the one (1)&nbsp;year period following the Closing Date, Parent shall, or shall cause the Surviving
Corporation or another Affiliate of Parent (including the Surviving Corporation&#146;s Subsidiaries) to, provide to each employee of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company who is employed at the Closing and who remains employed with the
Surviving Corporation or any Affiliate of Parent (including the Surviving Corporation&#146;s Subsidiaries) (&#147;<U>Company Employees</U>&#148;), for so long during such period as the Company Employee remains so employed, (i)&nbsp;a salary and
annual bonus opportunity not less than that in effect immediately prior to the Closing and (ii)&nbsp;employee benefits that are no less favorable in the aggregate than either </P>
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(1) the benefits provided to such employee under the Employee Plans immediately prior to the Closing or (2)&nbsp;the benefits provided to similarly situated employees of Parent, and
(iii)&nbsp;severance benefits that are no less favorable than those provided to such employee immediately prior to the Closing as disclosed on Section&nbsp;6.3(a) of the Company Disclosure Schedule. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Parent shall, or shall cause the Surviving Corporation or another Affiliate of Parent (including the Surviving
Corporation&#146;s Subsidiaries), as applicable, to give Company Employees full credit for such Company Employees&#146; service with the Company for purposes of eligibility, vesting, and determination of the level of benefits, and for purposes of
benefit accruals, under any benefit plans made generally available to employees of Parent, the Surviving Corporation or any of their respective Affiliates in which a Company Employee participates to the same extent recognized by the Company or its
applicable Affiliate immediately prior to the Closing; <I>provided, however</I>, that such service shall not be recognized to the extent that such recognition would result in a duplication of benefits with respect to the same period of service or
for purposes of benefit accruals under any defined benefit plan. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Parent shall, or shall cause the Surviving
Corporation or an Affiliate of Parent (including the Surviving Corporation&#146;s Subsidiaries), as applicable, to (i)&nbsp;waive any preexisting condition limitations otherwise applicable to Company Employees and their eligible dependents under any
plan of Parent or any Affiliate of Parent (including the Surviving Corporation&#146;s Subsidiaries) that provides health benefits in which Company Employees participate following the Closing, other than any limitations that were in effect with
respect to such employees as of the Closing under the analogous Employee Plan, (ii)&nbsp;honor any deductible, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">co-payment</FONT> and
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">out-of-pocket</FONT></FONT> maximums incurred by the Company Employees and their eligible dependents under the health plans in which they participated immediately prior to the Closing
during the portion of the calendar year prior to the Closing in satisfying any deductibles, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">co-payments</FONT> or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">out-of-pocket</FONT></FONT> maximums
under health plans of Parent, the Surviving Corporation or any of their respective Affiliates in which they are eligible to participate after the Closing in the same plan year in which such deductibles,
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">co-payments</FONT> or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">out-of-pocket</FONT></FONT> maximums were incurred and (iii)&nbsp;waive any waiting period limitation or evidence of
insurability requirement that would otherwise be applicable to a Company Employee and his or her eligible dependents on or after the Closing, in each case to the extent such Company Employee or eligible dependent had satisfied any similar limitation
or requirement under an analogous benefit plan prior to the Closing. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If requested by Parent in writing
delivered to the Company not less than ten (10)&nbsp;business days before the Closing Date, the Board of Directors (or the appropriate committee thereof) shall adopt resolutions and take such corporate action as is necessary or appropriate to
terminate the Company&#146;s 401(k) Plan (the &#147;<U>Company 401(k) Plan</U>&#148;) and to vest all participant accounts thereunder, effective as of the day prior to the Closing Date, contingent upon the occurrence of the Closing. If the Company
401(k) Plan is terminated, as provided herein, Parent shall, or shall cause one of its Affiliates (including the Surviving Corporation and its Subsidiaries) to, have in effect a tax qualified defined contribution retirement plan as of the Effective
Time, or as soon as administratively practicable thereafter, that includes a qualified cash or deferred arrangement within the meaning of Section&nbsp;401(k) of the Code (the &#147;<U>Parent 401(k) Plan</U>&#148;) in which each Company Employee who
was an active participant in the Company 401(k) Plan immediately prior to the termination of the Company 401(k) Plan shall be eligible to </P>
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participate as of the Closing, and as soon as practicable following the Closing the account balances of the Company 401(k) Plan&#146;s participants shall be distributed to the participants, and
Parent shall, to the extent permitted by the Parent 401(k) Plan and the Code, permit such Company Employees to make rollover contributions to the Parent 401(k) Plan of &#147;eligible rollover distributions&#148; within the meaning of
Section&nbsp;401(a)(31) of the Code (including promissory notes evidencing outstanding participant loans), in the form of cash (and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">in-kind</FONT> in the case of participant loan notes), in an amount equal to the
full account balance distributed to such Company Employee from the Company 401(k) Plan. The Company and Parent shall cooperate to take any and all commercially reasonable actions needed to permit each Company Employee with an outstanding loan
balance under the Company 401(k) Plan as of the Closing Date to continue to make scheduled loan payments to the Company 401(k) Plan after the Closing, pending the distribution and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">in-kind</FONT> rollover of the notes
evidencing such loans from the Company 401(k) Plan to the Parent 401(k) Plan so as to prevent, to the extent reasonably possible, a deemed distribution or loan offset with respect to such outstanding loans. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;During the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Pre-Closing</FONT> Period, the Company shall provide Parent with
reasonable advance copies of any notices or communication materials (including website postings) from any Acquired Corporation to its employees with respect to the Transactions or employment, compensation or benefits matters of such employees that
relate to the period following the Closing Date, and shall not distribute or disseminate such materials without Parent&#146;s prior written approval, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed; <I>provided, </I>that no such
approval shall be required for statements consistent with both (1)&nbsp;a previous press release, public disclosures or public statements made jointly by the Parties (or individually, if such previous press release, disclosure or statement had been
approved by the other Party) and (2)&nbsp;any previous <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-public</FONT> communication to employees previously made and approved by the Parties. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The provisions of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.3</U> are solely for the benefit of the Parties, and no
provision of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.3</U> is intended to, or shall, constitute the establishment or adoption of or an amendment to any employee benefit plan for purposes of ERISA or otherwise, and no current or former employee or any
other individual associated therewith shall be regarded for any purpose as a third-party beneficiary of the Agreement or have the right to enforce the provisions hereof. Nothing in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.3</U> or elsewhere in this
Agreement shall be construed to create a right in any Person to employment with Parent, the Surviving Corporation or any other Affiliate of the Surviving Corporation or to any compensation or benefits and the employment of each Company Employee
shall be &#147;at will&#148; employment. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>6.4</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>ESPP</B>. The Company shall take all actions necessary
pursuant to the terms of the Company ESPP or otherwise to provide that (i)&nbsp;no new offering period will be commenced following the date of this Agreement under the Company ESPP, (ii)&nbsp;there will be no increase in the amount of
participants&#146; payroll deduction elections under the Company ESPP during the current offering period from those in effect as of the date of this Agreement, (iii)&nbsp;no individuals shall commence participation in the Company ESPP during the
period from the date of this Agreement through the Effective Time, (iv)&nbsp;each purchase right issued pursuant to the Company ESPP shall be fully exercised not later than five (5)&nbsp;business days prior to the Effective Time and (v)&nbsp;the
Company ESPP shall terminate immediately following the exercise of the purchase rights </P>
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contemplated by the immediately preceding clause&nbsp;(iv) and no further rights shall be granted or exercised under the Company ESPP thereafter. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>6.5</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Indemnification of Officers and Directors</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For a period of six (6)&nbsp;years from the Effective Time, Parent agrees that all rights to indemnification,
advancement of expenses and exculpation from liabilities for acts or omissions occurring at or prior to the Effective Time (whether asserted or claimed prior to, at or after the Effective Time) now existing in favor of the current or former
directors or officers of any Acquired Corporation, including in the Company&#146;s certificate of incorporation and bylaws, and any indemnification or other similar agreements of any Acquired Corporation, in each case as in effect on the date of
this Agreement, shall continue in full force and effect in accordance with their terms, and Parent shall cause the Acquired Corporations to perform their obligations thereunder. Without limiting the foregoing, during the period commencing at the
Effective Time and ending on the sixth anniversary of the Effective Time, Parent shall cause the Surviving Corporation and its Subsidiaries to, and the Surviving Corporation agrees that it will, indemnify and hold harmless each individual who is as
of the date of this Agreement, or who becomes prior to the Effective Time, a director or officer of any Acquired Corporation or who is as of the date of this Agreement, or who thereafter commences prior to the Effective Time, serving at the request
of any Acquired Corporation as a director or officer of another Person (the &#147;<U>Indemnified Persons</U>&#148;), against all claims, losses, liabilities, damages, judgments, inquiries, fines and reasonable fees, costs and expenses, including
attorneys&#146; fees and disbursements, incurred in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (including with respect to matters existing or occurring at or prior to the Effective
Time, including this Agreement and the transactions and actions contemplated hereby), arising out of or pertaining to the fact that the Indemnified Person is or was a director or officer of any Acquired Corporation or is or was serving at the
request of any Acquired Corporation as a director or officer of another Person, whether asserted or claimed prior to, at or after the Effective Time, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable Legal Requirements. If any such claim, action,
suit or proceeding arises, (x)&nbsp;each Indemnified Person will be entitled to advancement of expenses incurred in the defense of any such claim, action, suit or proceeding from the Surviving Corporation or its Subsidiaries, as applicable, to the
extent provided for in, and in accordance with, the organizational documents and any indemnification or other similar agreements of the Surviving Corporation or its Subsidiaries, as applicable, as in effect on the date of this Agreement;
<I>provided</I> that any Indemnified Person to whom expenses are advanced provides an undertaking, if and only to the extent required by the DGCL or the Surviving Corporation&#146;s or its Subsidiaries&#146; certificate of incorporation or bylaws
(or comparable organizational documents) or any such indemnification or other similar agreements, as applicable, to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined that such Indemnified Person is not entitled to indemnification and (y)&nbsp;the
Surviving Corporation and its Subsidiaries, as applicable, shall reasonably cooperate in the defense of any such matter. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For a period of six (6)&nbsp;years from and after the Effective Time, Parent shall either cause to be maintained in
effect the current policies of directors&#146; and officers&#146; liability insurance maintained by or for the benefit of the Acquired Corporations or provide substitute policies for the Acquired Corporations and their current and former directors
and officers who are currently covered by the directors&#146; and officers&#146; liability insurance coverage </P>
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currently maintained by or for the benefit of the Acquired Corporations, in either case, of not less than the existing coverage and having other terms not less favorable to the insured persons
than the directors&#146; and officers&#146; liability insurance coverage currently maintained by or for the benefit of the Acquired Corporations with respect to claims arising from facts or events that occurred at or before the Effective Time (with
insurance carriers having at least an &#147;A&#148; rating by A.M. Best with respect to directors&#146; and officers&#146; liability insurance), except that in no event shall Parent be required to pay annual premiums with respect to such insurance
policies in an amount more than 300% of the aggregate annual premium most recently paid by Parent with respect to the shared primary policy that covers both Parent and the Acquired Corporations or in an amount more than 300% of the aggregate annual
premium most recently paid by or allocable to the Acquired Corporations with respect to coverage applicable only to the Acquired Corporations, in each case prior to the date of this Agreement (the &#147;<U>Maximum Amount</U><U>&#148;</U>), except to
the extent Parent elects to pay a higher increase for the portion of the shared primary policy allocable to Parent and its Subsidiaries (other than the Acquired Corporations); and if the Parent or Surviving Corporation is unable to obtain the
insurance required by this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.5(b)</U> it shall obtain as much comparable insurance as possible for the years within such six (6)-year period for a premium equal to the Maximum Amount (as may be increased to the extent
Parent elects to pay a higher increase for the portion of the shared primary policy allocable to Parent and its Subsidiaries (other than the Acquired Corporations)). In lieu of such continuation of insurance coverage applicable only to the Acquired
Corporations, prior to the Closing Date the Company may at its option (and if the Company does not do so on or prior to the Closing Date, Parent may at its option from and after the Closing Date), purchase &#147;tail&#148; directors&#146; and
officers&#146; liability insurance policy(ies) (in respect of one or more of such current policies) for the Acquired Corporations and their current and former directors and officers who are currently covered by the directors&#146; and officers&#146;
liability insurance coverage currently maintained by or for the benefit of the Acquired Corporations and to have other terms not less favorable to the insured persons than the directors&#146; and officers&#146; liability insurance coverage currently
maintained by or for the benefit of the Acquired Corporations with respect to claims arising from facts or events that occurred at or before the Effective Time; <I>provided</I> that in no event shall the cost of any such tail policy(ies) exceed the
Maximum Amount (pro rated in respect of the policies that will be the subject of such tail coverage). In lieu of such continuation of insurance coverage applicable to both Parent and the Acquired Corporations, Parent may at its option from and after
the Closing Date), purchase &#147;tail&#148; directors&#146; and officers&#146; liability insurance policy(ies) (in respect of one or more of such current policies) for the Acquired Corporations and their current and former directors and officers
who are currently covered by the directors&#146; and officers&#146; liability insurance coverage currently maintained by or for the benefit of the Acquired Corporations and to have other terms not less favorable to the insured persons than the
directors&#146; and officers&#146; liability insurance coverage currently maintained by or for the benefit of the Acquired Corporations with respect to claims arising from facts or events that occurred at or before the Effective Time. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If Parent, any Acquired Corporation or any of its successors or assigns (i)&nbsp;consolidates with or merges into
any other Person and is not the continuing or surviving corporation or Entity of such consolidation or merger or (ii)&nbsp;transfers or conveys all or substantially all of its properties and assets to any Person, then, and in each such case, Parent
or the Acquired Corporation, as applicable, shall cause proper provision to be made so that the </P>
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successors and assigns of Parent or such Acquired Corporation assume the obligations set forth in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.5</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The provisions of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.5</U> (i)&nbsp;shall survive the acceptance of Shares for
payment pursuant to the Offer and the consummation of the Merger, (ii)&nbsp;are intended to be for the benefit of, and will be enforceable by, each indemnified or insured party (including the Indemnified Persons), his or her heirs, successors,
assigns and representatives, and (iii)&nbsp;are in addition to, and not in substitution for, any other rights to indemnification, advancement of expenses, exculpation or contribution that any such Person may have by contract or otherwise. Unless
required by applicable Legal Requirement, this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.5</U> may not be amended, altered or repealed after the Offer Acceptance Time in such a manner as to adversely affect the rights of any Indemnified Person or any of their
successors, assigns or heirs without the prior written consent of the affected Indemnified Person. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>6.6</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Stockholder Litigation</B>. The Company shall give Parent the right to review and comment on all material
filings or responses to be made by the Company in connection with any litigation against the Company and/or its directors or officers relating to the Transactions, and the right to consult on any settlement with respect to such litigation, and no
such settlement shall be agreed to without Parent&#146;s prior written consent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), unless such settlement provides only for additional disclosure. The Company shall promptly notify
Parent of any such litigation and shall keep Parent reasonably and promptly informed with respect to the status thereof. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>6.7</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Additional Agreements</B>. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, including
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.2(a)</U>, Parent and the Company shall use reasonable best efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions necessary to consummate the Offer and the Merger and make effective the other Transactions. Without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, each Party to this Agreement shall use reasonable best efforts to (a)&nbsp;make all filings (if any) and give all notices (if any) required to be made
and given by such Party pursuant to any Material Contract in connection with the Offer and the Merger and the other Transactions, (b)&nbsp;seek each Consent (if any) required to be obtained pursuant to any Material Contract by such Party in
connection with the Transactions to the extent requested in writing by Parent and (c)&nbsp;seek to lift any restraint, injunction or other legal bar to the Offer or the Merger brought by any third Person against such Party. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>6.8</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Disclosure</B>. The initial press release relating to this Agreement shall be a joint press release
issued by the Company and Parent and thereafter Parent and the Company shall consult with each other before issuing any further press release(s) or otherwise making any public statement (to the extent not previously issued or made in accordance with
this Agreement) with respect to the Offer, the Merger, this Agreement or any of the other Transactions and shall not issue any such press release or public statement without the other Party&#146;s written consent. Notwithstanding the foregoing or
anything to the contrary in this Agreement: (a)&nbsp;each Party may, without such consultation or consent, make any public statement in response to questions from the press, analysts, investors or those attending industry conferences, make internal
announcements to employees and make disclosures in Company SEC Documents, so long as such statements are consistent with previous press releases, public disclosures or public statements made jointly by the parties (or individually, if approved by
the other Party); (b) a </P>
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Party may, without the prior consent of the other Party but subject to giving advance notice to the other Party, issue any such press release or make any such public announcement or statement as
may be required by Legal Requirement; and (c)&nbsp;the Company need not consult with Parent in connection with such portion of any press release, public statement or filing to be issued or made pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.3(e)</U> or
with respect to any Acquisition Proposal or Company Adverse Change Recommendation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>6.9</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Takeover
Laws</B>. If any Takeover Law may become, or may purport to be, applicable to the Transactions, each of Parent and the Company and the members of their respective boards of directors shall use their respective reasonable best efforts to grant such
approvals and take such actions as are necessary so that the Transactions may be consummated as promptly as practicable on the terms and conditions contemplated hereby and otherwise act to lawfully eliminate the effect of any Takeover Law on any of
the Transactions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>6.10</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Section</B><B></B><B>&nbsp;16 Matters</B>. The Company, and the Board of
Directors, shall, to the extent necessary, take appropriate action, prior to or as of the Offer Acceptance Time, to approve, for purposes of Section&nbsp;16(b) of the Exchange Act, the disposition and cancellation or deemed disposition and
cancellation of Shares, Company Options and Company RSUs in the Merger by applicable individuals and to cause such dispositions and/or cancellations to be exempt under Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">16b-3</FONT> promulgated under the Exchange
Act.</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>6.11</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14d-10</FONT> Matters</B>. Prior to the Offer Acceptance
Time and to the extent permitted by applicable Legal Requirements, the compensation committee of the Board of Directors, at a meeting duly called and held, will approve, as an &#147;employment compensation, severance or other employee benefit
arrangement&#148; within the meaning of Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14d-10(d)(2)</FONT> under the Exchange Act, each agreement, arrangement or understanding between Purchaser, the Company or their respective Affiliates and any of the
officers, directors or employees of the Company or its Subsidiaries that are effective as of the date of this Agreement or are entered into after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Offer Acceptance Time pursuant to which compensation is
paid to such officer, director or employee and will take all other action reasonably necessary to satisfy the requirements of the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-exclusive</FONT> safe harbor set forth in Rule
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14d-10(d)(2)</FONT> under the Exchange Act.</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>6.12</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Stock Exchange
Delisting; Deregistration</B>. Prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall cooperate with Parent and use its reasonable best efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions, and do or cause to be done all things, reasonably necessary, proper or
advisable on its part under applicable Legal Requirements and rules and policies of Nasdaq to enable the delisting by the Surviving Corporation of the Shares from Nasdaq and the deregistration of the Shares under the Exchange Act as promptly as
practicable after the Effective Time. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>6.13</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Notice of Certain Regulatory Events</B><B>; Cooperation</B>.
In furtherance (and not in limitation) of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.1</U>, during the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Pre-Closing</FONT> Period: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Company shall promptly notify Parent if the Company shall have provided any written correspondence to, or
received any written correspondence from, the FDA, the EMA, or any other Governmental Body with respect to (i)&nbsp;the recall, correction, removal, </P>
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market withdrawal or replacement of any product that is material to the Acquired Corporations, taken as a whole, (ii)&nbsp;a change in the marketing classification or a change in the labelling of
any product, the effect of which would reasonably be expected to be material to the Acquired Corporations, taken as a whole, (iii)&nbsp;any denial of marketing approval by any Governmental Body of a product or product candidate that is material to
the Acquired Corporations, taken as a whole, (iv)&nbsp;the mandatory or voluntary termination, enjoinment or suspension of the testing, manufacturing, marketing, export, import, or distribution of any product or product candidate that is material to
the Acquired Corporations, taken as a whole or (v)&nbsp;a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-coverage</FONT> or pricing determination by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, any other material third-party payor, or any foreign
Governmental Body with authority over pharmaceutical products with respect to any product or product candidate, the effect of which would reasonably be expected to be material to the Acquired Corporations, taken as a whole; and </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Acquired Corporations shall (i)&nbsp;promptly inform Parent of and wherever practicable give Parent reasonable
advance notice of, and (unless inconsistent with applicable Legal Requirements or not permitted by the applicable Governmental Body) the opportunity to participate in (with the status of observer), any prescheduled teleconference or in person
meeting with the FDA, the EMA or any other Governmental Body in connection with any product or product candidate of the Acquired Corporations and (ii)&nbsp;promptly deliver to Parent copies of any material, substantive correspondence received from
the FDA, the EMA or other Governmental Body in connection with any product or product candidate of the Acquired Corporations received by any Acquired Corporation, and (iii)&nbsp;provide Parent with reasonable advance copies of, and consider in good
faith any comments of Parent with respect to, any correspondence or written submission prior to delivery thereof by the Company to the FDA, the EMA or any other Governmental Body in connection with any product or product candidate of the Acquired
Corporations.<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top"> </SUP> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>6.14</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Acquisition of Additional
Shares</B><B>.</B><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>Prior to the Offer Acceptance Time, Parent shall not, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries and Affiliates not to, acquire (directly or indirectly, beneficially or of record) any Shares in addition
to those held by Parent, its Subsidiaries and its Affiliates, and as of the date hereof and as disclosed in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;4.10</U>.<B></B><B>&nbsp;</B> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SECTION&nbsp;7 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO THE MERGER </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The obligations of the Parties to effect the Merger are subject to the satisfaction as of the Closing of each of the following conditions: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>7.1</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>No Restraints</B>. There shall not have been issued by any Governmental Body of competent jurisdiction
and remain in effect any temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other order preventing the consummation of the Merger, nor shall any Legal Requirement have been promulgated, enacted, issued or deemed applicable to the
Merger by any Governmental Body which prohibits or makes illegal the consummation of the Merger.<I>&nbsp;</I> </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>7.2</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Consummation of Offer</B>. Purchaser (or Parent on
Purchaser&#146;s behalf) shall have, in compliance with this Agreement, accepted for payment all of the Shares validly tendered pursuant to the Offer and not validly withdrawn. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SECTION&nbsp;8 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>TERMINATION </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>8.1</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Termination</B>. This Agreement may be terminated prior to the Effective Time:</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by mutual written consent of Parent and the Company at any time prior to the Offer Acceptance Time; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by either Parent or the Company at any time prior to the Offer Acceptance Time, if the Offer Acceptance Time shall
not have occurred on or prior to 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time, on December&nbsp;30, 2020 (the &#147;<U>End Date</U>&#148;); <I>provided, however</I>, that the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(b)</U>
shall not be available to any Party whose material breach of this Agreement has caused or resulted in the Offer not being consummated by such date; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by either Parent or the Company if a Governmental Body of competent jurisdiction shall have issued any permanent
injunction or other order restraining, enjoining or otherwise preventing the acquisition of or payment for Shares pursuant to the Offer, or if any Legal Requirement shall have been promulgated, enacted, issued or deemed applicable to the Offer or
the Merger by any Governmental Body which prohibits or makes illegal the acquisition of or payment for Shares pursuant to the Offer or the consummation of the Merger, in any case which shall be final and nonappealable; <I>provided, however</I>, that
the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(c)</U> shall not be available to any Party whose material breach of this Agreement has caused or resulted in the issuance of such final and nonappealable order
or other action or to any Party that has failed to use its reasonable best efforts as required by this Agreement to remove such order or other action; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Parent at any time prior to the Offer Acceptance Time, if: (i)&nbsp;the Board of Directors shall have failed to
include the Company Board Recommendation or Special Committee Recommendation in the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9</FONT> when mailed, or shall have effected a Company Adverse Change Recommendation; (ii)&nbsp;in the case of a
tender offer or exchange offer subject to Regulation 14D under the Exchange Act, other than the Offer, the Board of Directors fails to recommend, in a Solicitation/Recommendation Statement on
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Schedule&nbsp;14D-9,</FONT> rejection of such tender offer or exchange offer within ten (10)&nbsp;business days of the commencement of such tender offer or exchange offer; or (iii)&nbsp;after the public disclosure of
an Acquisition Proposal, the Board of Directors or the Special Committee fails to publicly reaffirm the Company Board Recommendation or Special Committee Recommendation, respectively, no later than the earlier of (A)&nbsp;ten (10) business days
after Parent so requests in writing and (B)&nbsp;two (2) business days prior to the Expiration Date, <I>provided</I> that (1)&nbsp;the Company must receive the request from Parent at least twenty-four (24)&nbsp;hours prior to such reaffirmation
being required and (2)&nbsp;Parent may deliver only three (3)&nbsp;such requests with respect to any Acquisition Proposal; </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by the Company at any time prior to the Offer Acceptance Time, in
order to accept a Superior Offer and substantially concurrently enter into a binding written definitive acquisition agreement providing for the consummation of a transaction which the Board of Directors or the Special Committee shall have
determined, in good faith, constitutes a Superior Offer (a &#147;<U>Specified Agreement</U>&#148;); <I>provided</I> that (i)&nbsp;no Acquired Corporation shall have materially violated <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.3</U> in relation to such
Superior Offer and (ii)&nbsp;the Company shall have paid the Termination Fee immediately before or simultaneously with and as a condition to such termination; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Parent at any time prior to the Offer Acceptance Time, if a breach of any representation or warranty contained
in this Agreement or failure to perform any agreement, covenant or obligation in this Agreement on the part of the Company shall have occurred such that a condition set forth in <U>clause</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;(b)</U> or <U>(c)</U>&nbsp;of
<U>Annex</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;I</U> would not be satisfied and cannot be cured by the Company by the End Date, or if capable of being cured in such time period, shall not have been cured within thirty (30)&nbsp;days of the date Parent gives the
Company written notice of such breach or failure to perform; <I>provided, however, </I>that (A)&nbsp;Parent&#146;s termination rights under this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(f)</U> shall apply if the Company fails to timely file the Schedule <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14D-9</FONT> and Company Schedule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13E-3,</FONT> in each case pursuant to its obligations under <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.2</U>, and if such failure shall not have been cured within
five (5)&nbsp;business days of the date Parent gives the Company written notice of such breach or failure to perform; and (B)&nbsp;Parent shall not have the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(f)</U>
if either Parent or Purchaser is then in material breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or obligation hereunder; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by the Company at any time prior to the Offer Acceptance Time, if a breach of any representation or warranty
contained in this Agreement or failure to perform any covenant or obligation in this Agreement on the part of Parent or Purchaser shall have occurred, in each case, if such breach or failure would reasonably be expected to prevent Parent or
Purchaser from consummating the Transactions and such breach or failure cannot be cured by Parent or Purchaser, as applicable, by the End Date, or, if capable of being cured in such time period, shall not have been cured within thirty (30)&nbsp;days
of the date the Company gives Parent written notice of such breach or failure to perform; <I>provided, however</I>, that (A)&nbsp;the Company&#146;s termination rights under this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(g)</U> shall apply if Purchaser
shall have failed to timely commence the Offer, if such failure shall not have been cured within five (5)&nbsp;business days of the date the Company gives Parent written notice of such breach or failure to perform; and (B)&nbsp;that the Company
shall not have the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(g)</U> if the Company is then in material breach of any representation, warranty, covenant or obligation hereunder; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by the Company (i)&nbsp;if following the expiration of the Offer, Purchaser shall have failed to accept for payment
all Shares validly tendered (and not validly withdrawn) pursuant to the Offer in accordance with <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(h)</U> or (ii)&nbsp;if following the Offer Acceptance Time Purchaser shall have failed to purchase all Shares validly
tendered (and not validly withdrawn) pursuant to the Offer in accordance with <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(h)</U>; or </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by Parent if the Offer shall have expired without the acceptance for payment of Shares pursuant to the Offer, in a
circumstance in which all of the Offer Conditions are satisfied or have been waived (other than the Minimum Condition and conditions which by </P>
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their nature are to be satisfied at the expiration of the Offer) at the then-existing Expiration Date referred to in <U>clause (3)</U>&nbsp;of the proviso to the penultimate sentence of
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(c)</U>; <I>provided, however</I>, that Parent shall not have the right to terminate this Agreement pursuant to this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(i)</U> if the material breach of this Agreement by Parent has
caused or resulted in the failure of the acceptance for payment of Shares pursuant to the Offer. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>8.2</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Effect of Termination</B>. If this Agreement is terminated as provided in
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1</U>, written notice of such termination shall be given to the other Party or Parties, specifying the provision hereof pursuant to which such termination is made, and this Agreement shall be of no further force or
effect and there shall be no liability on the part of Parent, Purchaser or the Company or any of their respective former, current or future officers, directors, partners, stockholders, managers, members or Affiliates following any such termination
with respect to this Agreement or the Transactions; <I>provided, however</I>, that (a)&nbsp;the final sentence of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.2(b)</U>, the final sentence of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.1</U>, this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.2</U>, <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3</U> and <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;9</U> (other than <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;9.5(b)</U>) shall survive the termination of this Agreement and shall remain in full force
and effect, (b)&nbsp;the Confidentiality Agreement shall survive the termination of this Agreement and shall remain in full force and effect in accordance with its terms and (c)&nbsp;the termination of this Agreement shall not relieve any Party from
any liability for fraud or willful and material breach of this Agreement prior to termination. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>8.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expenses;
Termination Fee. </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as set forth in this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3</U>, all fees and expenses
incurred in connection with this Agreement and the Transactions shall be paid by the Party incurring such expenses, whether or not the Offer and Merger are consummated. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this Agreement is terminated by the Company pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(e)</U>; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this Agreement is terminated by Parent pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(d</U><U>)</U>; or </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) this Agreement is terminated by Parent or the Company pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(b)</U>
(but in the case of a termination by the Company, only if at such time Parent would not be prohibited from terminating this Agreement pursuant to the proviso to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(b)</U>), by Parent pursuant to
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(f)</U> or by Parent pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(i)</U>, (2) any Person shall have publicly disclosed a <I>bona fide</I> Acquisition Proposal after the date hereof and prior to such termination and
such Acquisition Proposal has not been publicly withdrawn prior to such termination and (3)&nbsp;within twelve (12)&nbsp;months of such termination the Company shall have entered into a definitive agreement with respect to or consummated an
Acquisition Proposal; <I>provided</I> that for purposes of this clause (3)&nbsp;the references to &#147;20%&#148; in the definition of &#147;Acquisition Proposal&#148; shall be deemed to be references to &#147;50%&#148;;&nbsp;then, in any such event
under <U>clause (i)</U>, <U>(ii)</U>, or <U>(iii)</U>&nbsp;of this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3(b)</U>, the Company shall pay to Parent or its designee the Termination Fee by wire transfer of same day funds (x)&nbsp;in the case of
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3(b)(i)</U>, prior to or simultaneously with (and as a condition to the effectiveness of) </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">such termination, (y)&nbsp;in the case of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3(b)(ii)</U>, within three
(3)&nbsp;business days after such termination or (z)&nbsp;in the case of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3(b)(iii)</U>, within three (3)&nbsp;business days after the earlier of the entry into a definitive agreement for or the consummation of the
Acquisition Proposal referred to in <U>clause&nbsp;(3)</U> of <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3(b)(iii)</U> or; it being understood that in no event shall the Company be required to pay the Termination Fee on more than one occasion. As used herein,
&#147;<U>Termination Fee</U>&#148; shall mean a cash amount equal to $15,000,000. Payment of the Termination Fee pursuant to this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3(b)</U> shall be deemed to be liquidated damages for any and all losses or damages
suffered or incurred by Parent, Purchaser, any of their respective Affiliates or any other Person in connection with this Agreement (and the termination hereof), the Transactions (and the abandonment thereof) or any matter forming the basis for such
termination, and upon the payment of the Termination Fee, none of Parent, Purchaser or any of their respective Affiliates shall be entitled to bring or maintain any claim, action or proceeding against the Company or any of its Affiliates arising out
of or in connection with this Agreement, any of the Transactions or any matters forming the basis for such termination. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If this Agreement is terminated as described in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3(b)</U>, (i) payment from the
Company to Parent of the Termination Fee pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3(b)</U> shall be the sole and exclusive remedy of Parent, Purchaser or any of their respective Affiliates against the Acquired Corporations and any of their
respective former, current or future officers, directors, partners, stockholders, managers, members or Affiliates (collectively, &#147;<U>Company Related Parties</U>&#148;) for any loss suffered as a result of the failure of the Offer or the Merger
to be consummated or for a breach or failure to perform hereunder or otherwise, and (ii)&nbsp;upon payment of such amount, none of the Company Related Parties shall have any further liability or obligation relating to or arising out of this
Agreement or the Transactions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Parties acknowledge that the agreements contained in this
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3</U> are an integral part of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and that, without these agreements, the Parties would not enter into this Agreement; accordingly, if the Company fails to timely pay any
amount due pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3(b)</U>, and, in order to obtain the payment, Parent commences a Legal Proceeding against the Company, then (i)&nbsp;the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-prevailing</FONT> Party in such
Legal Proceeding shall pay the prevailing Party reasonable and documented costs and expenses (including reasonable and documented attorneys&#146; fees) arising out of such Legal Proceeding and (ii), exclusively in the event that Parent prevails in
such Legal Proceeding, the Company shall pay interest on the amount due pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3(b)</U> as determined in such Legal Proceeding. Any interest payment contemplated by this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3(d)</U>
shall be calculated based on the prime rate as published in the <I>Wall Street Journal</I> in effect on the date the applicable payment due pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3(b)</U>, if any, was required to be made. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:24pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>SECTION&nbsp;9 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B><U>MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS </U></B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>9.1</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Amendment</B>. Prior to the Effective Time, this Agreement may be amended at any time with the approval of
the Board of Directors (subject to the prior approval of the Special Committee) and the boards of directors of Parent and Purchaser, in each case as constituted at the Offer Acceptance Time. This Agreement may not be amended except by an instrument
in writing signed on behalf of each of the Parties. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>9.2</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Waiver</B>. No failure on the part of any Party to
exercise any power, right, privilege or remedy under this Agreement, and no delay on the part of any Party in exercising any power, right, privilege or remedy under this Agreement, shall operate as a waiver of such power, right, privilege or remedy;
and no single or partial exercise of any such power, right, privilege or remedy shall preclude any other or further exercise thereof or of any other power, right, privilege or remedy. No Party shall be deemed to have waived any claim arising out of
this Agreement, or any power, right, privilege or remedy under this Agreement, unless the waiver of such claim, power, right, privilege or remedy is expressly set forth in a written instrument duly executed and delivered on behalf of such Party and
any such waiver or failure to insist on strict compliance with an obligation, covenant, agreement or condition shall not operate as a waiver of, or estoppel with respect to any, subsequent or other failure. At any time prior to the Effective Time,
Parent and Purchaser, on the one hand, and the Company, on the other hand (subject to the prior approval of the Special Committee), may (a)&nbsp;extend the time for the performance of any of the obligations or other acts of the other, (b)&nbsp;waive
any breach of the representations and warranties of the other contained herein or in any document delivered pursuant hereto or (c)&nbsp;waive compliance by the other with any of the agreements or covenants contained herein. Any such extension or
waiver shall be valid only if is expressly set forth in a written instrument duly executed and delivered on behalf of the Party or Parties to be bound thereby, but such extension or waiver or failure to insist on strict compliance with an
obligation, covenant, agreement or condition shall not operate as a waiver of, or estoppel with respect to, any subsequent or other failure. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>9.3</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>No Survival of Representations and Warranties</B>. None of the representations and warranties contained
in this Agreement, the Company Disclosure Schedule or in any certificate or schedule or other document delivered by any Person pursuant to this Agreement shall survive the Offer Acceptance Time.</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>9.4</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Entire Agreement; Counterparts</B>. This Agreement (including its Exhibits, Annexes and the Company
Disclosure Schedule) and the Confidentiality Agreement constitute the entire agreement and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among or between any of the Parties and their respective Affiliates, with respect to
the subject matter hereof and thereof. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, including by facsimile or by email with .pdf attachments, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement, and shall become effective when
one or more counterparts have been signed by each of the parties and delivered to the other parties. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>9.5</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Applicable Legal Requirements; Jurisdiction; Specific Performance; Remedies</B> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, regardless of the laws that might
otherwise govern under applicable principles of conflicts of laws thereof. Subject to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;9.5(c)</U>, in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any of the Transactions: (i)&nbsp;each of the
Parties irrevocably and unconditionally consents and submits to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware and any state appellate court therefrom or, if (but only if) such court lacks subject matter
jurisdiction, the United States District Court sitting in New Castle County in the State of Delaware and any appellate court therefrom (collectively, </P>
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the &#147;<U>Delaware Courts</U>&#148;); and (ii)&nbsp;each of the Parties irrevocably consents to service of process by first class certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, to
the address at which such Party is to receive notice in accordance with <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;9.9</U>. Each of the Parties irrevocably and unconditionally (1)&nbsp;agrees not to commence any such action or proceeding except in the Delaware
Courts, (2)&nbsp;agrees that any claim in respect of any such action or proceeding may be heard and determined in the Delaware Courts, (3)&nbsp;waives, to the fullest extent it may legally and effectively do so, any objection that it may now or
hereafter have to the jurisdiction or laying of venue of any such action or proceeding in the Delaware Courts and (4)&nbsp;waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such action or
proceeding in the Delaware Courts. The Parties agree that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by applicable Legal
Requirements; <I>provided, however</I>, that nothing in the foregoing shall restrict any Party&#146;s rights to seek any post-judgment relief regarding, or any appeal from, such final trial court judgment. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Parties agree that irreparable damage for which monetary damages, even if available, would not be an adequate
remedy, would occur if the Parties do not perform their obligations under the provisions of this Agreement in accordance with its specified terms or otherwise breach such provisions. Subject to the following sentence, the Parties acknowledge and
agree that (i)&nbsp;the Parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions, specific performance, or other equitable relief, to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions hereof in the courts
described in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;9.5(a)</U> without proof of damages or otherwise, this being in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled under this Agreement, and (ii)&nbsp;the right of specific performance is an integral
part of the Transactions and without that right, neither the Company nor Parent would have entered into this Agreement. Each of the Parties agrees that it will not oppose the granting of an injunction, specific performance and other equitable relief
on the basis that the other Parties have an adequate remedy at law or an award of specific performance is not an appropriate remedy for any reason at law or equity. The Parties acknowledge and agree that any Party seeking an injunction or
injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions of this Agreement in accordance with this <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;9.5(b)</U> shall not be required to provide any bond or other security in
connection with any such order or injunction. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;EACH OF THE PARTIES IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO
TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING BETWEEN THE PARTIES (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE), INCLUDING ANY COUNTERCLAIM, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THE ACTIONS OF ANY PARTY
HERETO IN THE NEGOTIATION, ADMINISTRATION, PERFORMANCE AND ENFORCEMENT THEREOF. EACH PARTY (I)&nbsp;MAKES THIS WAIVER VOLUNTARILY AND (II)&nbsp;ACKNOWLEDGES THAT SUCH PARTY HAS BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE
MUTUAL WAIVERS CONTAINED IN THIS <U>SECTION</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;9.5</U>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>9.6</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Assignability</B>. This
Agreement shall be binding upon, and shall be enforceable by and inure solely to the benefit of, the Parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns; <I>provided, however</I>, that neither this Agreement nor any of the rights hereunder
may be </P>
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assigned by a Party without the prior written consent of the other Parties, and any attempted assignment of this Agreement or any of such rights without such consent shall be void and of no
effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>9.7</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>No Third-Party Beneficiaries</B>. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended
to or shall confer upon any Person (other than the Parties) any right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement; except for: (a)&nbsp;if the Offer Acceptance Time occurs, (i)&nbsp;the right of the
Company&#146;s stockholders (other than Parent and its Affiliates) to receive the Offer Price or Merger Consideration, as applicable, pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1</U> or <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2</U> following the Offer
Acceptance Time or the Effective Time, as applicable, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and (ii)&nbsp;the right of the holders of Company Options and Company RSUs to receive the Merger Consideration pursuant to
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.8</U> following the Effective Time in accordance with the terms of this Agreement; (b)&nbsp;the provisions set forth in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.5</U> of this Agreement; and (c)&nbsp;the limitations on
liability of the Company Related Parties set forth in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3(c)</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>9.8</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Transfer Taxes</B>. Except as otherwise provided in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(i)</U> and
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.6(b)</U>, all transfer, documentary, sales, use, stamp, registration and other similar Taxes and fees imposed on the Company with respect to the transfer of Shares pursuant to the Offer or the Merger shall be borne by
the Company and expressly shall not be a liability of holders of Shares. The Company shall cooperate with Parent and Purchaser in minimizing any such Taxes. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>9.9</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Notices</B>. Any notice or other communication required or permitted to be delivered to any Party under
this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed properly delivered, given and received (a)&nbsp;upon receipt when delivered by hand, (b)&nbsp;two (2)&nbsp;business days after being sent by registered mail or by courier or express delivery
service, (c)&nbsp;if sent by email transmission prior to 6:00 p.m. recipient&#146;s local time, upon transmission when receipt is confirmed, or (d)&nbsp;if sent by email transmission after 6:00 p.m. recipient&#146;s local time and receipt is
confirmed, the business day following the date of transmission; <I>provided</I> that in each case the notice or other communication is sent to the physical address or email address set forth beneath the name of such Party below (or to such other
physical address or email address as such Party shall have specified in a written notice given to the other Parties):</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">if to Parent or
Purchaser (or following the Effective Time, the Surviving Corporation): </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2855 Gazelle Court </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Carlsbad,
CA 92010 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Attention: Patrick O&#146;Neil </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Email: LegalNotices@ionisph.com </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to: </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">56 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher&nbsp;&amp; Flom LLP </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">500 Boylston Street </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Boston, MA
02116 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Attention: Graham Robinson </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Laura Knoll </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Email:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Graham.Robinson@skadden.com </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Laura.Knoll@skadden.com </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">if to the Company (prior to the Effective Time): </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Akcea Therapeutics, Inc. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">22
Boston Wharf Road </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9th Floor </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Boston, MA 02210 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Attention:
&nbsp;Damien McDevitt </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Joshua
Patterson </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Email: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dmcdevitt@akceatx.com </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jpatterson@akceatx.com </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ropes&nbsp;&amp; Gray LLP </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Prudential Tower </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">800 Boylston
Street </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Boston, MA 02199 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Attention:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zachary Blume </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Christopher Comeau </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Email:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zachary.blume@ropesgray.com </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;christopher.comeau@ropesgray.com </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>9.10</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Severability</B>. Any term or provision of this Agreement that is invalid or unenforceable in any
situation in any jurisdiction shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remaining terms and provisions of this Agreement or the validity or enforceability of the offending term or provision in any other situation or in any other
jurisdiction. If a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction declares that any term or provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable, the Parties agree that the court making such determination shall have the power to limit such
term or provision, to delete specific words or phrases or to replace such term or provision with a term or provision that is valid and enforceable and that comes closest to expressing the intention of the invalid or unenforceable term or provision,
and this Agreement shall be valid and enforceable as so modified. If such court does not exercise the power granted to it in the prior sentence, the Parties agree to replace such invalid or unenforceable term or provision with a valid and
enforceable term or provision that will achieve, to the extent possible, the economic, business and other purposes of such invalid or unenforceable term or provision.</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>9.11</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Obligation of Parent</B>. Parent shall ensure that Purchaser duly performs, satisfies and discharges on
a timely basis each of the covenants, obligations and liabilities applicable to </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">57 </P>

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Purchaser under this Agreement, and Parent shall be jointly and severally liable with Purchaser for the due and timely performance and satisfaction of each of said covenants, obligations and
liabilities. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>9.12</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<B>Construction</B>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For purposes of this Agreement, whenever the context requires: the singular number shall include the plural, and
vice versa; the masculine gender shall include the feminine and neuter genders; the feminine gender shall include the masculine and neuter genders; and the neuter gender shall include masculine and feminine genders. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Parties agree that any rule of construction to the effect that ambiguities are to be resolved against the
drafting Party shall not be applied in the construction or interpretation of this Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As used in this
Agreement, the words &#147;include&#148; and &#147;including,&#148; and variations thereof, shall not be deemed to be terms of limitation, but rather shall be deemed to be followed by the words &#147;without limitation.&#148; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Except as otherwise indicated, all references in this Agreement to &#147;Sections,&#148; &#147;Exhibits&#148; or
&#147;Annexes&#148; are intended to refer to Sections of this Agreement and Exhibits or Annexes to this Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The bold-faced headings contained in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only, shall not be deemed to
be a part of this Agreement and shall not be referred to in connection with the construction or interpretation of this Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;References in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3</U> to any document being &#147;delivered&#148; or &#147;made
available&#148; to Parent or Purchaser prior to the date of this Agreement shall include any such document (i)&nbsp;delivered to Parent or its Affiliates by the Acquired Corporations from the IPO Date through the date of this Agreement or
(ii)&nbsp;entered into by an Acquired Corporation prior to the IPO Date (but excluding any later amendment, modification, supplement or waiver thereof). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>[Signature page follows] </B></P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">58 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>IN WITNESS WHEREOF</B>, the Parties have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the
date first above written. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><DIV ALIGN="right">
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


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<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="3"><B>AKCEA THERAPEUTICS, INC.</B></TD></TR>


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<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Damien McDevitt</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Name: Damien McDevitt</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Title: &nbsp;&nbsp;Chief Executive Officer</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><B>IONIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.</B></TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Brett Monia, Ph.D.</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Name: Brett Monia, Ph.D.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Title: &nbsp;&nbsp;Chief Executive Officer</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3"><B>AVALANCHE MERGER SUB, INC.</B></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Brett Monia, Ph.D.</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Name: Brett Monia, Ph.D.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Title: &nbsp;&nbsp;President</TD></TR>
</TABLE></DIV> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><I>[Signature Page to Agreement and Plan of Merger] </I></P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><U>EXHIBIT&nbsp;A </U></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>CERTAIN DEFINITIONS </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">For
purposes of the Agreement (including this <U>Exhibit</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;A</U>): </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement</B>.
&#147;<U>Acceptable Confidentiality Agreement</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.3(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Acquired Corporations</B>. &#147;<U>Acquired Corporations</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.1(a)</U> of the
Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Acquisition Proposal</B>. &#147;<U>Acquisition Proposal</U>&#148; shall mean any proposal or offer from any Person (other
than Parent and its Affiliates) or &#147;group&#148;, within the meaning of Section&nbsp;13(d) of the Exchange Act, relating to, in a single transaction or series of related transactions, any (A)&nbsp;acquisition or license of assets of the Company
equal to 20% or more of the Company&#146;s consolidated assets or to which 20% or more of the Company&#146;s revenues or earnings on a consolidated basis are attributable, (B)&nbsp;issuance or acquisition of 20% or more of the outstanding Company
Common Stock, (C)&nbsp;recapitalization, tender offer or exchange offer that if consummated would result in any Person or group beneficially owning 20% or more of the outstanding Company Common Stock or (D)&nbsp;merger, consolidation, amalgamation,
share exchange, business combination, recapitalization, liquidation, dissolution or similar transaction involving the Company that if consummated would result in any Person or group beneficially owning 20% or more of the outstanding Company Common
Stock, in each case other than the Transactions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting</B>. &#147;<U>Adverse Drug Reaction
Reporting</U>&#148; shall mean the reporting to Governmental Bodies of all safety events required to be reported under the FDCA and FDA implementing regulations, and similar applicable foreign laws, including the submission of IND safety reports to
the FDA. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Affiliate</B>. &#147;<U>Affiliate</U>&#148; shall mean, as to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly,
controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person; <I>provided, however</I>, that for purposes of this Agreement none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries shall be considered an Affiliate of Parent or any of its
Subsidiaries (other than the Company and its Subsidiaries) and none of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries (other than the Company and its Subsidiaries) shall be considered to be an Affiliate of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. For this
purpose, &#147;control&#148; (including, with its correlative meanings, &#147;controlled by&#148; and &#147;under common control with&#148;) shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of
management or policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of securities or partnership or other ownership interests, by Contract or otherwise. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Agreement</B>. &#147;<U>Agreement</U>&#148; is defined in the preamble to the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Anti-Corruption Laws</B>. &#147;<U>Anti-Corruption Laws</U>&#148; shall mean the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, the
Anti-Kickback Act of 1986, as amended, the UK Bribery Act of 2012, and the Anti-Bribery Laws of the People&#146;s Republic of China or any applicable </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">A-1 </P>

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Legal Requirements of similar effect, and the related regulations and published interpretations thereunder. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Antitrust Laws</B>. &#147;<U>Antitrust Laws</U>&#148; shall mean the Sherman Act, as amended, the Clayton Act, as amended, the
Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, the Federal Trade Commission Act, as amended, all applicable foreign anti-trust laws and all other applicable Legal Requirements issued by a Governmental Body that are designed or
intended to prohibit, restrict or regulate actions having the purpose or effect of monopolization or restraint of trade or lessening of competition. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Board of Directors</B>. &#147;<U>Board of Directors</U>&#148; shall mean the board of directors of the Company. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Book-Entry Shares</B>. &#147;<U>Book-Entry Shares</U>&#148; shall mean <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-certificated</FONT> Shares
represented by book-entry. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>business day</B>. &#147;<U>business day</U>&#148; shall mean a day except a Saturday, a Sunday or other day
on which banks in the City of New York are authorized or required by Legal Requirements to be closed. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Certificates</B>.
&#147;<U>Certificates</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.6(b)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Clinical Study</B>.
&#147;<U>Clinical Study</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.12(d)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Closing</B>.
&#147;<U>Closing</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.3(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Closing Date</B>. &#147;<U>Closing
Date</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.3(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Code</B>. &#147;<U>Code</U>&#148; shall mean
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company</B>.
&#147;<U>Company</U>&#148; is defined in the preamble to the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company 401(k) Plan</B>. &#147;<U>Company 401(k)
Plan</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.3(d)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company Adverse Change Recommendation</B>.
&#147;<U>Company Adverse Change Recommendation</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.1(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company Associate</B>. &#147;<U>Company Associate</U>&#148; shall mean each current or former officer or other employee, or individual who
is or was an independent contractor, consultant or director, of or to the Company or its Subsidiaries. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company Board
Recommendation</B>. &#147;<U>Company Board Recommendation</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.20(c)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company Common Stock</B>. &#147;<U>Company Common Stock</U>&#148; shall mean the common stock, $0.001 par value per share, of the Company.
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">A-2 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company Disclosure Documents</B>. &#147;<U>Company Disclosure Documents</U>&#148; is
defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.4(g)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company Disclosure Schedule</B>. &#147;<U>Company Disclosure
Schedule</U>&#148; shall mean the disclosure schedule that has been prepared by the Company in accordance with the requirements of the Agreement and that has been delivered by the Company to Parent on the date of this Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company Employees</B>. &#147;<U>Company Employees</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.3(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company Equity Plan</B>. &#147;<U>Company Equity Plan</U>&#148; shall mean the Akcea Therapeutics, Inc. 2015 Equity Incentive Plan. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company ESPP</B>. &#147;<U>Company ESPP</U>&#148; shall mean the Akcea Therapeutics, Inc. 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company IP</B>. &#147;<U>Company IP</U>&#148; shall mean, collectively, (a)&nbsp;all Owned IP and (b)&nbsp;all Third Party IP. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company Options</B>. &#147;<U>Company Options</U>&#148; shall mean all compensatory options to purchase Shares. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company Preferred Stock</B>. &#147;<U>Company Preferred Stock</U>&#148; shall mean the preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, of the
Company. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company Related Parties</B>. &#147;<U>Company Related Parties</U>&#148; is defined in
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3(c)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company Returns</B>. &#147;<U>Company Returns</U>&#148; is defined in
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.15(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company RSUs</B>. &#147;<U>Company RSUs</U>&#148; shall mean restricted
stock units with respect to Shares. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company Schedule</B><B></B><B><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&nbsp;13E-3</FONT></B>.
&#147;<U>Company Schedule</U><U></U><U><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&nbsp;13E-3</FONT></U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.2(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Company SEC Documents</B>. &#147;<U>Company SEC Documents</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.4(a)</U> of the
Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Confidentiality Agreement</B>. &#147;<U>Confidentiality Agreement</U>&#148; is defined in
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.1</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Consent</B>. &#147;<U>Consent</U>&#148; shall mean any approval, consent,
ratification, permission, waiver or authorization. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">A-3 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Contract</B>. &#147;<U>Contract</U>&#148; shall mean any binding agreement, contract,
subcontract, lease, understanding, instrument, bond, debenture, loan, note, option, warrant, license, sublicense, commitment or undertaking. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Copyrights</B>. &#147;<U>Copyrights</U>&#148; is defined in the definition of Intellectual Property Rights. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Delaware Courts</B>. &#147;<U>Delaware Courts</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;9.5(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Depository Agent</B>. &#147;<U>Depository Agent</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.6(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Determination Notice</B>. &#147;<U>Determination Notice</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.1(b)(i)</U> of the
Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>DGCL</B>. &#147;<U>DGCL</U>&#148; shall mean the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Dissenting Shares</B>. &#147;<U>Dissenting Shares</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.7</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>DOL</B>. &#147;<U>DOL</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.16(b)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Effective Time</B>. &#147;<U>Effective Time</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.3(b)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>EMA</B>. &#147;<U>EMA</U>&#148; shall mean the European Medicines Agency. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Employee Plan</B>. &#147;<U>Employee Plan</U>&#148; shall mean any (a) &#147;employee benefit plan&#148; as defined in Section&nbsp;3(3) of
ERISA (whether or not subject to ERISA), bonus, deferred compensation, incentive compensation, stock purchase, stock option, other equity-based plan, retention, change in control, severance pay, termination pay, death and disability benefits,
hospitalization, medical, life or other insurance, flexible benefits, fringe benefit, vacation, supplemental unemployment benefits, profit-sharing, pension or retirement plan, policy, program, agreement or arrangement, and (b)&nbsp;individual
employment, consulting, severance or similar agreement, and each other employee benefit plan, program or arrangement, in each case that is (i)&nbsp;sponsored, maintained, contributed to or required to be contributed to by the Company or its
Subsidiaries for the benefit of any current or former officer, director, employee, independent contractor or individual consultant of the Company or its Subsidiaries, (ii)&nbsp;with respect to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has any
liability or (iii)&nbsp;to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no plan, policy, program, agreement or arrangement that is sponsored, maintained or administered by Parent or any of its Affiliates
(other than the Company and its Subsidiaries) shall constitute an Employee Plan for purposes of this Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Encumbrance</B>.
&#147;<U>Encumbrance</U>&#148; shall mean any lien, pledge, hypothecation, mortgage, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or similar restriction of any nature. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>End Date</B>. &#147;<U>End Date</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(b)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Entity</B>. &#147;<U>Entity</U>&#148; shall mean any corporation (including any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-profit</FONT>
corporation), general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, joint venture, estate, trust, </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">A-4 </P>

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company (including any company limited by shares, limited liability company or joint stock company), firm, society or other enterprise, association, organization or entity. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Environmental Law</B>. &#147;<U>Environmental Law</U>&#148; shall mean any federal, state, local or foreign Legal Requirement relating to
pollution or protection of human health, worker health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, ground water, land surface or subsurface strata), including any law or regulation relating to emissions, discharges, Releases or
threatened Releases of Hazardous Materials, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>ERISA</B>. &#147;<U>ERISA</U>&#148; shall mean the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Exchange Act</B>. &#147;<U>Exchange Act</U>&#148; shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Expiration Date</B>. &#147;<U>Expiration Date</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(c)</U>
of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Extension Deadline</B>. &#147;<U>Extension Deadline</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(c)</U>
of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>FDA</B>. &#147;<U>FDA</U>&#148; shall mean the United States Food and Drug Administration. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>FDCA</B>. &#147;<U>FDCA</U>&#148; shall mean the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and all rules and regulations promulgated
by the FDA thereunder. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>FIRPTA Certificate</B>. &#147;<U>FIRPTA Certificate</U>&#148; is defined in
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.9</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>GAAP</B>. &#147;<U>GAAP</U>&#148; is defined in
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.4(b)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Good Clinical Practice Requirements</B>. &#147;<U>Good Clinical Practice
Requirements</U>&#148; shall mean FDA&#146;s standards for the design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analysis, and reporting of clinical trials, including those standards contained in 21 C.F.R. Parts 50, 54, 56 and 312, and
comparable standards of any other applicable Governmental Body. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Good Laboratory Practice Requirements</B>. &#147;<U>Good Laboratory
Practice Requirements</U>&#148; shall mean the FDA&#146;s standards for conducting <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-clinical</FONT> laboratory studies, including those standards contained in 21 C.F.R. Part 58, and comparable standards of any
other applicable Governmental Body. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Good Manufacturing Practice Requirements</B>. &#147;<U>Good Manufacturing Practice
Requirements</U>&#148; shall mean the requirements set forth in the quality systems regulations for drugs contained in 21 C.F.R. Parts 210, 211, 600 and 610, as applicable, and comparable standards of any other applicable Governmental Body. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Governmental Authorization</B>. &#147;<U>Governmental Authorization</U>&#148; shall mean any permit, license, application, certificate,
franchise, permission, clearance, registration, qualification or </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">A-5 </P>

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authorization approved, issued, granted, given or otherwise made available by or under the authority of any Governmental Body or pursuant to any Legal Requirement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Governmental Body</B>. &#147;<U>Governmental Body</U>&#148; shall mean any (a)&nbsp;nation, state, commonwealth, province, territory,
county, municipality, district or other jurisdiction of any nature; (b)&nbsp;federal, state, local, municipal, foreign or other government; or (c)&nbsp;governmental or quasi-governmental authority of any nature including any governmental division,
department, agency, commission, instrumentality, official, ministry, fund, foundation, center, organization, unit or body and any court, arbitrator or other tribunal. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Hazardous Materials</B>. &#147;<U>Hazardous Materials</U>&#148; shall mean any waste, material, or substance that is listed, regulated or
defined under any Environmental Law and includes any pollutant, chemical substance, hazardous substance, hazardous waste, special waste, solid waste, asbestos, mold, radioactive material, polychlorinated biphenyls, petroleum or petroleum-derived
substance or waste. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Healthcare Laws</B>. &#147;<U>Healthcare Laws</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.12(f)</U> of
the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">In-bound</FONT> License</B>.<B>
</B>&#147;<U><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">In-bound</FONT> License</U>&#148;<B> </B>shall mean each Contract in or under or pursuant to which any Acquired Corporation is granted any license (exclusive,
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-exclusive,</FONT> or otherwise), covenant not to sue, covenant not to assert, covenant not to enforce, immunity from liability or Legal Proceeding, or other right to use or hold any Third Party IP, in each case,
other than Contracts for the license of commercially available <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">off-the-shelf</FONT></FONT> software, clinical trial agreements, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-disclosure</FONT>
agreements or material transfer agreements, in each case, entered into in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Indebtedness</B>. &#147;<U>Indebtedness</U>&#148; shall mean (i)&nbsp;any indebtedness for borrowed money (including the issuance of any
debt security) to any Person, including any capital leases, (ii)&nbsp;any obligations evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or similar Contracts to any Person other than the Company, (iii)&nbsp;any obligations in respect of letters of credit and
bankers&#146; acceptances (other than letters of credit used as security for leases), (iv)&nbsp;all indebtedness created or arising under any conditional sale or other title retention agreement with respect to property acquired or (v)&nbsp;any
guaranty of any such obligations described in <U>clauses </U><U>(i)</U>&nbsp;through <U>(iv)</U> of any Person other than the Company (other than, in any case, accounts payable to trade creditors and accrued expenses, in each case, arising in the
ordinary course of business consistent with past practice). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Indemnified Persons</B>. &#147;<U>Indemnified Persons</U>&#148; is defined
in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.5(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Initial Expiration Date</B>. &#147;<U>Initial Expiration Date</U>&#148;
is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(c)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Intellectual Property Rights</B>. &#147;<U>Intellectual
Property Rights</U>&#148; shall mean the following intellectual property rights: all U.S. and foreign (i)&nbsp;patents, patent applications, invention disclosures, and all related continuations, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">continuations-in-part,</FONT></FONT> divisionals, reissues, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">re-examinations,</FONT> substitutions, and extensions thereof (&#147;<U>Patents</U>&#148;), (ii)&nbsp;trademarks, service marks,
names, corporate names, trade names, domain names, logos, slogans, and trade dress, together with the goodwill symbolized by any of the foregoing and applications and registrations for the </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">A-6 </P>

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foregoing (&#147;<U>Trademarks</U>&#148;), (iii)&nbsp;copyrights and copyrightable subject matter including software and databases(&#147;<U>Copyrights</U>&#148;), (iv)&nbsp;trade secrets,
inventions, technical data, specifications, formulae, research and development information (&#147;<U>Trade Secrets</U>&#148;) and (v)&nbsp;with respect to the foregoing clauses<U>&nbsp;(i)</U> through <U>(iv)</U>, all causes of action and rights to
sue or seek other remedies arising from or relating to the foregoing. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>In the Money Option</B>. &#147;<U>In the Money Option</U>&#148;
is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.8(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Intervening Event</B>. &#147;<U>Intervening Event</U>&#148;
shall mean an event, fact, circumstance, development or occurrence that was not known or reasonably foreseeable to the Board of Directors or the Special Committee, as applicable, as of the date of this Agreement and does not relate to an Acquisition
Proposal. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>IPO Date</B>. &#147;<U>IPO Date</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.4(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>IRS</B>. &#147;<U>IRS</U>&#148; shall mean the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>knowledge</B>. &#147;<U>knowledge</U>&#148; with respect to an Entity shall mean with respect to any matter in question the actual
knowledge, after reasonable inquiry, of such Entity&#146;s executive officers. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Legal Proceeding</B>. &#147;<U>Legal
Proceeding</U>&#148; shall mean any action, suit, complaint, claim, litigation, arbitration, proceeding (including any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or appellate proceeding), hearing or investigation commenced, brought, conducted or
heard by or before any Governmental Body. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Legal Requirement</B>. &#147;<U>Legal Requirement</U>&#148; shall mean any federal, state,
local, municipal, foreign or other law, statute, constitution, resolution, ordinance, common law, code, edict, decree, rule, regulation, ruling or requirement issued, enacted, adopted, promulgated, implemented or otherwise put into effect by or
under the authority of any Governmental Body (or under the authority of Nasdaq or another stock exchange). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Material Adverse
Effect</B>. &#147;<U>Material Adverse Effect</U>&#148;<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top"> </SUP>shall mean any event, occurrence, circumstance, change or effect which, individually or in the aggregate, has had or would reasonably be
expected to have a material adverse effect on (a)&nbsp;the ability of the Company to consummate the Transactions on or before the End Date or (b)&nbsp;the business, assets, financial condition or results of operations of the Acquired Corporations,
taken as a whole; <I>provided</I>,<I> however</I>, that none of the following shall be deemed to constitute or be taken into account in determining whether there is, or would reasonably be expected to be, a Material Adverse Effect for purposes of
<U>clause (b)</U>&nbsp;above: (i)&nbsp;any change in the market price or trading volume of the Company&#146;s stock or change in the Company&#146;s credit ratings; <I>provided</I> that the underlying causes of any such change may be considered in
determining whether a Material Adverse Effect has occurred to the extent not otherwise excluded by another exception herein; (ii)&nbsp;any event, occurrence, circumstance, change or effect resulting from the announcement, pendency or performance of
the Transactions (other than for purposes of any representation or warranty contained in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.22</U> and the condition set forth in <U>clause (b)(iv)</U> of <U>Annex I</U> solely as such condition relates to
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.22</U>); (iii)&nbsp;any event, occurrence, circumstance, change or effect generally affecting the industries in which the Acquired Corporations operate or in the economy
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">A-7 </P>

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generally or other general business, financial or market conditions; (iv)&nbsp;any event, occurrence, circumstance, change or effect arising directly or indirectly from or otherwise relating to
fluctuations in the value of any currency or interest rates; (v)&nbsp;any event, occurrence, circumstance, change or effect arising directly or indirectly from or otherwise relating to any act of terrorism (including cyber attacks and computer
hacking), war, national or international calamity, natural disaster, epidemic, pandemic, political unrest or any other similar event (or the worsening thereof); (vi) the failure of the Company to meet internal or analysts&#146; expectations or
projections; <I>provided</I> that the underlying causes of such failure may be considered in determining whether a Material Adverse Effect has occurred to the extent not otherwise excluded by another exception herein; (vii)&nbsp;any adverse effect
arising directly from or otherwise directly relating to any action taken by Parent, or by the Company at the written direction of Parent, with the prior written consent of Parent or any action specifically required or permitted to be taken by the
Company by the terms of the Agreement; (viii)&nbsp;any event, occurrence, circumstance, change or effect arising directly or indirectly from or otherwise relating to any change in, or any compliance with or action taken for the purpose of complying
with any chance in, any Legal Requirement or GAAP (or interpretations of any Legal Requirement or GAAP); (ix)&nbsp;any Legal Proceeding described in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.7</U> or <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.6</U>; or (x)&nbsp;any
matter disclosed in the Company Disclosure Schedule; <I>provided</I> that any event, occurrence, circumstance, change or effect referred to in the foregoing <U>clauses (iii)</U>, <U>(iv)</U>, <U>(v)</U> and <U>(</U><U>viii</U><U>)</U>&nbsp;may be
taken into account in determining whether there is, or would be reasonably expected to be, a Material Adverse Effect to the extent such event, occurrence, circumstance, change or effect disproportionately affects the Acquired Corporations relative
to other participants in the industries in which the Acquired Corporations operate. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Material Contract</B>. &#147;<U>Material
Contract</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.9(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Material Leased Real Property</B>.
&#147;<U>Material Leased Real Property</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.7(b)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Maximum
Amount</B>. &#147;<U>Maximum Amount</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.5(b)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Merger</B>.
&#147;<U>Merger</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.1</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Merger Consideration</B>.
&#147;<U>Merger Consideration</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.5(a)(iii)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Minimum
Condition</B>. &#147;<U>Minimum Condition</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Annex</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;I</U><B> </B>to the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Nasdaq</B>. &#147;<U>Nasdaq</U>&#148; shall mean The Nasdaq Stock Market. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Offer</B>. &#147;<U>Offer</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Offer Acceptance Time</B>. &#147;<U>Offer Acceptance Time</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(h)</U> of the
Agreement. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">A-8 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Offer Commencement Date</B>. &#147;<U>Offer Commencement Date</U>&#148; shall mean the
date on which Purchaser commences the Offer, within the meaning of Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14d-2</FONT> under the Exchange Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Offer Conditions</B>. &#147;<U>Offer Conditions</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(b)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Offer Documents</B>. &#147;<U>Offer Documents</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(e)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Offer Price</B>. &#147;<U>Offer Price</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Offer to Purchase</B>. &#147;<U>Offer to Purchase</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(b)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Out-bound</FONT> License. </B>&#147;<U><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Out-bound</FONT>
License</U>&#148;<B> </B>shall mean each Contract in or under or pursuant to which an Acquired Corporation has granted any license (exclusive, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-exclusive,</FONT> or otherwise), covenant not to sue, covenant not to
assert, covenant not to enforce, covenant not to enjoin, covenant to sue, immunity from liability or Legal Proceeding, option or other right to obtain any of the foregoing licenses, covenants, or immunities in or to or under any Company IP, in each
case, other than <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(i)&nbsp;non-exclusive</FONT> outbound licenses contained in clinical trial agreements, contract manufacturing agreements, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-disclosure</FONT> agreements and
material transfer agreements or (ii)&nbsp;licenses granted to customers, distributors, or contractors performing services on behalf of an Acquired Corporation, in each case of (i)&nbsp;and (ii), entered into in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Owned IP</B>. &#147;<U>Owned IP</U>&#148; shall mean all Intellectual Property Rights that are owned or
purported to be owned by any of the Acquired Corporations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Parent</B>. &#147;<U>Parent</U>&#148;<B><I> </I></B>is defined in the
preamble to the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Parent Material Adverse Effect</B>. &#147;<U>Parent Material Adverse Effect</U>&#148; shall mean any
effect, change, event or occurrence that would or would reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, materially impair, prevent or materially delay Parent&#146;s or Purchaser&#146;s ability to consummate the Transactions. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Parent Schedule</B><B></B><B><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&nbsp;13E-3</FONT></B>. &#147;<U>Parent Schedule</U><U></U><U><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&nbsp;13E-3</FONT></U>&#148;<B><I> </I></B>is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(e)</U> to the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Parent 401(k) Plan</B>. &#147;<U>Parent 401(k) Plan</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.3(d)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Parties</B>. &#147;<U>Parties</U>&#148; shall mean Parent, Purchaser, and the Company. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Patent</B>. &#147;<U>Patent</U>&#148; is defined in the definition of Intellectual Property Rights. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Paying Agent</B>. &#147;<U>Paying Agent</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.6(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Payment Fund</B>. &#147;<U>Payment Fund</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.6(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Permitted Encumbrance</B>. &#147;<U>Permitted Encumbrance</U>&#148; shall mean (a)&nbsp;any Encumbrance for Taxes that are not due and
payable or the validity of which is being contested in good faith by </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">A-9 </P>

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appropriate proceedings, (b)&nbsp;any Encumbrance representing the rights of customers, suppliers and subcontractors in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice under the
terms of any Contracts to which the relevant Party is a party or under general principles of commercial or government contract law (including mechanics&#146;, materialmen&#146;s, carriers&#146;, workmen&#146;s, warehouseman&#146;s, repairmen&#146;s,
landlords&#146; and similar liens granted or which arise in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice), (c) any interest or title of a lessor under leases (other than capital leases) entered into by the Company or its
Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, and any Encumbrance related thereto, (d)&nbsp;in the case of any Contract, Encumbrances that are restrictions against the transfer or assignment thereof that are included
in the terms of such Contract, (e)&nbsp;licenses of Intellectual Property Rights, including <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Out-bound</FONT> Licenses, and (f)&nbsp;in the case of real property, Encumbrances that are easements, <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">rights-of-way,</FONT></FONT> encroachments, restrictions, conditions and other similar Encumbrances incurred or suffered in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and
which, individually or in the aggregate, do not and would not materially impair the use (or contemplated use), utility or value of the applicable real property or otherwise materially impair the present or contemplated business operations at such
location, or zoning, entitlement, building and other land use regulations imposed by Governmental Bodies having jurisdiction over such real property or that are otherwise set forth on a title report. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Person</B>. &#147;<U>Person</U>&#148; shall mean any individual, Entity or Governmental Body. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Personal Data</B>. &#147;<U>Personal Data</U>&#148; means all data or information that constitutes personally identifiable information,
personal data or personal information under any applicable Legal Requirement relating to privacy or data protection, which information includes any credit card or other financial account information, names, addresses, social security or insurance
numbers, telephone numbers, facsimile numbers, email addresses or other contact information, and any device identifier. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Pre-Closing</FONT> Period</B>. &#147;<U><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Pre-Closing</FONT> Period</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;5.1</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Purchaser</B>. &#147;<U>Purchaser</U>&#148; is defined in the preamble to the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Real Property Lease</B>. &#147;<U>Real Property Lease</U>&#148; shall mean the leases and subleases under which any Acquired Corporation
uses or occupies or has the right to use or occupy any Material Leased Real Property. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Registered IP</B>. &#147;<U>Registered
IP</U>&#148; shall mean all Patents, Trademarks and Copyrights that are registered or issued under the authority of any Governmental Body, and all applications for any of the foregoing. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Regulatory Permit</B>. &#147;<U>Regulatory Permit</U>&#148; shall mean all investigational new drug applications, new drug applications,
supplemental new drug applications, abbreviated new drug applications, biologic license applications, establishment registrations, and product listings, as may be defined in Title 21 of the C.F.R., all supplements or amendments thereto, all parts
thereof, and all comparable foreign Governmental Authorizations. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Release</B>. &#147;<U>Release</U>&#148; (and its cognates) shall
mean, with respect to Hazardous Materials, any presence, emission, spill, seepage, leak, escape, leaching, discharge, deposit, injection, </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">A-10 </P>

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pumping, pouring, emptying, escaping, dumping, disposal, migration, or release of Hazardous Materials from any source into or upon the environment, including the indoor and outdoor air, soil,
improvements, surface water, groundwater, the sewer, septic system, storm drain, publicly owned treatment works, or waste treatment, storage, or disposal systems. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Representatives</B>. &#147;<U>Representatives</U>&#148; shall mean officers, directors, employees, attorneys, accountants, investment
bankers, consultants, agents, financial advisors, other advisors and other representatives. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</B>.
&#147;<U>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.4(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Schedule</B><B></B><B><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&nbsp;13E-3</FONT></B>. &#147;<U>Schedule</U><U></U><U><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&nbsp;13E-3</FONT></U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(e)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Schedule</B><B></B><B><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&nbsp;14D-9</FONT></B>. &#147;<U>Schedule</U><U></U><U><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&nbsp;14D-9</FONT></U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.2(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SEC</B>. &#147;<U>SEC</U>&#148; shall mean the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Securities Act</B>. &#147;<U>Securities Act</U>&#148; shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Security Incident</B>. &#147;<U>Security Incident</U>&#148; is defined in
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.8(j)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Shares</B>. &#147;<U>Shares</U>&#148; is defined in
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(a)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Special Committee</B>. &#147;<U>Special Committee</U>&#148; is defined in
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.20(b)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Special Committee Recommendation</B>. &#147;<U>Special Committee
Recommendation</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.20(b)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Specified Agreement</B>.
&#147;<U>Specified Agreement</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.1(e)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Stockholder List
Date</B>. &#147;<U>Stockholder List Date</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.2(b)</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Subsidiary</B>. An Entity shall be deemed to be a &#147;<U>Subsidiary</U>&#148; of another Person if such Person directly or indirectly
owns, beneficially or of record, (a)&nbsp;an amount of voting securities or other interests in such Entity that is sufficient to enable such Person to elect at least a majority of the members of such Entity&#146;s board of directors or other
governing body, or (b)&nbsp;at least 50% of the outstanding equity or financial interests of such Entity; <I>provided, however</I>, that for purposes of this Agreement none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries shall be considered a Subsidiary
of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries (other than the Company and its Subsidiaries) and none of Parent or any of its Subsidiaries (other than the Company and its Subsidiaries) shall be considered to be a Subsidiary of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">A-11 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Superior Offer</B>. &#147;<U>Superior Offer</U>&#148; shall mean an unsolicited bona fide
written Acquisition Proposal that the Board of Directors or the Special Committee determines, in its good faith judgment, after consultation with outside legal counsel and its financial advisors, is reasonably likely to be consummated in accordance
with its terms, taking into account all legal, regulatory and financing aspects (including certainty of closing) of the proposal and the Person making the proposal and other aspects of the Acquisition Proposal that the Board of Directors or the
Special Committee deems relevant, and if consummated, would result in a transaction more favorable to the Company&#146;s stockholders (other than Parent and its Affiliates), solely in their capacity as such, from a financial point of view than the
Transactions (including after giving effect to proposals, if any, made by Parent pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;6.1(b)(i)</U>); <I>provided</I> that for purposes of the definition of &#147;Superior Offer,&#148; the references to
&#147;20%&#148; in the definition of Acquisition Proposal shall be deemed to be references to &#147;50%.&#148; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Surviving
Corporation</B>. &#147;<U>Surviving Corporation</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;2.1</U> of the Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Takeover Laws</B>. &#147;<U>Takeover Laws</U>&#148; shall mean any &#147;moratorium,&#148; &#147;control share acquisition,&#148;
&#147;fair price,&#148; &#147;supermajority,&#148; &#147;affiliate transactions,&#148; or &#147;business combination statute or regulation&#148; or other similar state anti-takeover laws and regulations. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Tax</B>. &#147;<U>Tax</U>&#148; shall mean any and all federal, state, local or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-U.S.</FONT> or other
tax (including any net income, gross income, franchise, capital gains, gross receipts, gross profits, branch profits, value-added, surtax, estimated, employment, unemployment, national health insurance, excise, alternative or minimum, ad valorem,
transfer, stamp, sales, use, service, property, business, withholding, payroll or other tax), levy, assessment, tariff, impost, imposition, duty (including any customs duty), fee or other tax, assessment or charge (including withholding in respect
of Taxes on amounts paid to or by any Person) of any kind whatsoever (whether disputed or not), imposed, assessed or collected by or under the authority of any Governmental Body, together with any and all interests, penalties, and additions to tax
imposed thereon, or with respect thereto. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Tax Return</B>. &#147;<U>Tax Return</U>&#148; shall mean any return (including any
information return), report, statement, declaration, estimate, schedule, form, filing, election, certificate, document or other information filed or required to be filed with any Governmental Body in connection with the determination, assessment,
collection or payment of any Tax, including any attachments thereto and any amendments thereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Termination Condition</B>.
&#147;<U>Termination Condition</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Annex</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;I</U> to the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Termination Fee</B>.
&#147;<U>Termination Fee</U>&#148; is defined in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;8.3(b)</U> of the Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Third Party IP</B>.
&#147;<U>Third Party IP</U>&#148; shall mean all Intellectual Property Rights used or held for use by any Acquired Corporation in the operation of its business as currently conducted or, with respect to the products currently under development, as
proposed to be conducted, that are not (i)&nbsp;Owned IP or (ii)&nbsp;Intellectual Property Rights owned or controlled, or purported to be owned or controlled, by Parent or its Subsidiaries, in each case, other than Contracts for the
</P>
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license of commercially available <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">off-the-shelf</FONT></FONT> software, clinical trial agreements,
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-disclosure</FONT> agreements or material transfer agreements, in each case, entered into in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Third Party IP Contracts</B>. &#147;<U>Third Party IP Contracts</U>&#148; shall mean each Contract, other than any <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(i)&nbsp;In-bound</FONT> License or (ii)&nbsp;Contracts for the license of commercially available <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">off-the-shelf</FONT></FONT> software, clinical trial
agreements, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-disclosure</FONT> agreements or material transfer agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, pursuant to which an Acquired Corporation has any option or
claim to any ownership, license, or other right in or to any Intellectual Property Right of any third party. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Trademarks</B>.
&#147;<U>Trademarks</U>&#148; is defined in the definition of Intellectual Property Rights. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Trade Secrets</B>. &#147;<U>Trade
Secrets</U>&#148; is defined in the definition of Intellectual Property Rights. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Transactions</B>. &#147;<U>Transactions</U>&#148;
shall mean (a)&nbsp;the execution and delivery of the Agreement and (b)&nbsp;all of the transactions contemplated by the Agreement, including the Offer and the Merger. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">A-13 </P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>CERTAIN AFFILIATED PERSONS </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Damien
McDevitt </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">B-1 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><U>ANNEX&nbsp;I </U></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>CONDITIONS TO THE OFFER </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The obligation of Purchaser to accept for payment and pay for Shares validly tendered (and not validly withdrawn) pursuant to the Offer is
subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in <U>clauses</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;(a)</U> through <U>(</U><U>g)</U>&nbsp;of this <U>Annex</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;I</U>. Accordingly, notwithstanding any other provision of the Offer or the Agreement
to the contrary, Purchaser shall not be required to accept for payment or (subject to any applicable rules and regulations of the SEC, including Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14e-1(c)</FONT> under the Exchange Act) pay for, and may delay the
acceptance for payment of, or (subject to any such rules and regulations) the payment for, any tendered Shares, and, to the extent permitted by the Agreement, may terminate the Offer (i)&nbsp;upon termination of the Agreement and (ii)&nbsp;at any
scheduled Expiration Date (subject to any extensions of the Offer pursuant to <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;1.1(c)</U> of the Agreement), if (A)&nbsp;the Minimum Condition, the Termination Condition and the conditions set forth in
<U>clause</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;(f)</U> of this <U>Annex</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;I</U> shall not be satisfied by one minute after 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the scheduled Expiration Date or (B)&nbsp;any of the additional conditions set forth below shall not
be satisfied or waived (to the extent permitted by applicable Legal Requirement) in writing by Parent: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;there
shall have been validly tendered and not validly withdrawn Shares that, excluding the Shares beneficially owned by Parent, its Affiliates, their respective directors and executive officers, and the other affiliated Persons listed on <U>Exhibit
B</U>, represent at least one more Share than 50% of the Shares not beneficially owned by such Persons outstanding at the time of the expiration of the Offer (the &#147;<U>Minimum Condition</U>&#148;); </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)&nbsp;the representations and warranties of the Company set forth in <U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.3(a</U>),
3.3(c) and <U>3.3(e)</U> (Capitalization, Etc.) of the Agreement shall be accurate except for any <I>de minimis</I> inaccuracies as of the date of the Agreement and at and as of the Offer Acceptance Time as if made on and as of the Offer Acceptance
Time (except to the extent any such representation or warranty expressly relates to an earlier date or period, in which case as of such date or period); </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the representations and warranties of the Company set forth in the first sentence of
<U>Section</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;3.1</U> (Due Organization; Subsidiaries, Etc.) and Sections <U>3.2</U> (Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws), <U>3.3(b)</U> and <U>3.3(d)</U> (Capitalization, Etc.), <U>3.21</U> (Takeover Laws), <U>3.23</U> (Opinion
of Financial Advisors) and <U>3.24</U> (Brokers and Other Advisors) of the Agreement shall be accurate (disregarding for this purpose all &#147;Material Adverse Effect&#148; and &#147;materiality&#148; qualifications contained in such
representations and warranties) in all material respects as of the date of the Agreement and at and as of the Offer Acceptance Time as if made on and as of the Offer Acceptance Time (except to the extent any such representation or warranty expressly
relates to an earlier date or period, in which case as of such date or period); </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the representations and
warranties of the Company set forth in <U>Sections 3.5(b) </U>(Absence of Changes; No Material Adverse Effect), <U>3.20</U> (Authority; Binding Nature of Agreement; No Vote) and <U>3.22(a)(i)</U>
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(Non-Contravention;</FONT> Consents) of the Agreement shall be accurate in all respects as of the date of the Agreement and at and as of the Offer Acceptance Time as if made on and as of the Offer Acceptance Time
(except to the extent any such </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">I-1 </P>

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representation or warranty expressly relates to an earlier date or period, in which case as of such date or period); </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iv)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the representations and warranties of the Company set forth in the Agreement (other than those referred to in
<U>clauses&nbsp;(b)(i),</U> <U>(b)(ii)</U> and <U>(b)(iii)</U> of this <U>Annex</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;I</U>) shall be accurate (disregarding for this purpose all &#147;Material Adverse Effect&#148; and &#147;materiality<U>&#148;</U> qualifications
contained in such representations and warranties) as of the date of the Agreement and at and as of the Offer Acceptance Time as if made on and as of the Offer Acceptance Time (except to the extent any such representation or warranty expressly
relates to an earlier date or period, in which case as of such date or period), except where the failure of such representations and warranties to be so accurate has not had, and would not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the
aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect;<U> </U> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Company shall be in compliance with, in all material
respects, the obligations, covenants and agreements it is required to comply with or perform at or prior to the Offer Acceptance Time; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;since the date of the Agreement, there shall not have occurred and be continuing any event, occurrence,
circumstance, change or effect which, individually or in the aggregate, has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Parent and Purchaser shall have received a certificate executed on behalf of the Company by the Company&#146;s
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer confirming that the conditions set forth in <U>clauses</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;(b)</U>, <U>(c)</U> and <U>(d)</U>&nbsp;of this <U>Annex</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;I</U> have been satisfied;</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) there shall not have been issued by any Governmental Body of competent jurisdiction and remain in effect any
temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other order preventing the acquisition of or payment for Shares pursuant to the Offer or the consummation of the Merger, and (ii)&nbsp;there shall not have been any Legal
Requirement promulgated, enacted, issued or deemed applicable to the Offer or the Merger by any Governmental Body which prohibits or makes illegal the acquisition or acceptance for payment of Shares pursuant to the Offer or the consummation of the
Merger, in either case of the foregoing <U>clause (i)</U>&nbsp;or <U>(ii)</U> which shall be final and nonappealable; and </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Agreement shall not have been terminated in accordance with its terms (the &#147;<U>Termination
Condition</U>&#148;). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The foregoing conditions are for the sole benefit of Parent and Purchaser and (except for the Minimum Condition,
the Termination Condition and the conditions set forth in <U>clause (f)</U>&nbsp;of this <U>Annex</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;I</U>, which conditions are <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-waivable)</FONT> may be waived by Parent and Purchaser, in whole or
in part, at any time and from time to time, in the sole and absolute discretion of Parent and Purchaser. The failure by Parent or Purchaser at any time to exercise any of the foregoing rights shall not be deemed a waiver of any such right and each
such right shall be deemed an ongoing right which may be asserted at any time and from time to time. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The capitalized terms used in this
<U>Annex</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;I</U> and not defined in this<U>&nbsp;Annex</U><U></U><U>&nbsp;I</U>&nbsp;shall have the meanings set forth in the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August&nbsp;30, 2020, by and among Akcea Therapeutics, Inc.,
Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Avalanche Merger Sub, Inc. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">I-2 </P>

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<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>OF THE SURVIVING CORPORATION </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">AMENDED AND RESTATED </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">CERTIFICATE
OF INCORPORATION </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">OF </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">AKCEA
THERAPEUTICS, INC. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><U>FIRST</U>: The name of the Corporation is Akcea Therapeutics, Inc. (the &#147;Corporation&#148;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><U>SECOND</U>: The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, New Castle
County, 19801. The name of its registered agent at that address is The Corporation Trust Company. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><U>THIRD</U>: The purpose of the
Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which a corporation may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware as set forth in Title 8 of the Delaware Code (the &#147;DGCL&#148;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><U>FOURTH</U>: The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 1,000 shares of Common Stock, each
having a par value of one thousandth of one dollar ($0.001). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><U>FIFTH</U>: The following provisions are inserted for the management of
the business and the conduct of the affairs of the Corporation, and for further definition, limitation and regulation of the powers of the Corporation and of its directors and stockholders: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(1) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(2) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The directors shall have concurrent power with the stockholders to make, alter, amend, change, add to or
repeal the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> of the Corporation. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(3) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The number of directors of the
Corporation shall be as from time to time fixed by, or in the manner provided in, the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> of the Corporation. Election of directors need not be by written ballot unless the
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> so provide. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(4) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To the fullest extent possible under applicable
law, no director shall be personally liable to the Corporation or any of its stockholders for monetary damages If the DGCL is amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal
</P>
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liability of directors, then the liability of a director of the Company shall be eliminated to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as so amended. Any repeal or modification of this Article
FIFTH shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation existing at the time of such repeal or modification with respect to acts or omissions occurring prior to such repeal or modification. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(5) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In addition to the powers and authority hereinbefore or by statute expressly conferred upon them, the directors are
hereby empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Corporation, subject, nevertheless, to the provisions of the DGCL, this Certificate of Incorporation, and any <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> adopted by the stockholders; provided, however, that no <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> hereafter adopted by the stockholders shall invalidate any prior act of the directors which would have
been valid if such <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> had not been adopted. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><U>SIXTH</U>: Meetings of stockholders may be
held within or without the State of Delaware, as the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> may provide. The books of the Corporation may be kept (subject to any provision contained in the DGCL) outside the State of Delaware at such place
or places as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors or in the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">By-Laws</FONT> of the Corporation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><U>SEVENTH</U>: The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Amended and Restated
Certificate of Incorporation, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute, and all rights conferred upon stockholders herein are granted subject to this reservation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">[<I>Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank</I>] </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused this Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation to be executed on its behalf this [&#149;] day of [&#149;], 2020. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><DIV ALIGN="right">
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<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">Akcea Therapeutics, Inc.</TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom">Name:</TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">Title:</TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Ionis Pharmaceuticals to Acquire Remaining Stake in Akcea Therapeutics </B></P>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Ionis to acquire remaining 24% of common stock of Akcea it does not already own for $18.15 per share in cash
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Transaction drives efficiencies, enhances capabilities and further strengthens Ionis&#146; financial position
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Transaction is a key step in the evolution of Ionis&#146; business strategy </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">CARLSBAD, Calif., and BOSTON, August&nbsp;31, 2020 &#150; Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: IONS) and its affiliate Akcea Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: AKCA)
today announced that they have entered into a definitive agreement under which Ionis will acquire all of the outstanding shares of Akcea common stock it does not already own, approximately 24%, for $18.15 per share in cash. This corresponds to a
total transaction value of approximately $500&nbsp;million on a fully diluted basis. The transaction has been approved by the Ionis and Akcea Boards of Directors, and by the independent Affiliate Transactions Committee of Akcea&#146;s Board of
Directors. Akcea&#146;s Board of Directors has recommended to shareholders of Akcea that they tender their shares into the tender offer. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&#147;This
acquisition is another step forward in Ionis&#146; evolution and creates a stronger, more efficient organization to the benefit of all stakeholders,&#148; said Brett Monia, Chief Executive Officer of Ionis. &#147;We believe becoming one company
&#150; with one vision and one set of strategic priorities, led by one team &#150; will deliver significant strategic value, enhancing the future success of our company, accelerating our next phase of growth and positioning us to most effectively
deliver our medicines to patients. Following the completion of the transaction, Ionis will retain more value from Akcea&#146;s rich pipeline and commercial products, further strengthening our financial position and supporting continued investments
in our future.&#148; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&#147;Akcea values the skills, experience and expertise of our teams and I am proud of what we&#146;ve accomplished in developing
and delivering transformational medicines to patients,&#148; said Damien McDevitt, Chief Executive Officer of Akcea. &#147;This acquisition by Ionis is a testament to the achievements of the Akcea team.&#148; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&#147;This transaction delivers immediate and certain value with a premium to Akcea shareholders,&#148; said Barbara Yanni, Chair of the Akcea Affiliate
Transactions Committee. &#147;Our close collaboration with Ionis has been key to enabling the launch of two commercial antisense medicines in just two years as well as advancing a late-stage pipeline and securing important partnerships.&#148; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL BENEFITS </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This transaction also
further strengthens Ionis&#146; financial position: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Ionis will realize more financial upside from Akcea&#146;s rich pipeline and commercial products.
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Ionis will gain full access to Akcea&#146;s significant cash on hand of approximately $390&nbsp;million as of
June&nbsp;30, 2020 and future cash flows to further invest in the Company&#146;s future and further support Ionis&#146; capital allocation strategy. </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P ALIGN="left" STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">Ionis will achieve meaningful cost synergies. </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Under the terms of the agreement,
Ionis will commence a tender offer for all outstanding shares of Akcea common stock not already owned by Ionis at a price of $18.15 per share in cash. The closing of the tender offer will be subject to a majority of Akcea&#146;s shares not already
owned by Ionis, its affiliates or their respective directors and executive officers being tendered in the tender offer. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Promptly following the completion
of the tender offer, Ionis will acquire all remaining shares of Akcea common stock at the same price of $18.15 per share in cash through a second-step merger. Ionis and Akcea expect to complete the transaction in the fourth quarter of 2020, subject
to other customary closing conditions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ionis expects to fund the acquisition through existing cash resources. The transaction is not subject to any
financing condition. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>ADVISORS </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Goldman Sachs&nbsp;&amp; Co. LLC and Stifel, Nicolaus&nbsp;&amp; Company, Incorporated are serving as financial advisors to Ionis, and Skadden, Arps, Slate,
Meagher&nbsp;&amp; Flom LLP is serving as legal counsel to Ionis. Cowen is serving as financial advisor to the Affiliate Transactions Committee of Akcea&#146;s Board of Directors, and Ropes&nbsp;&amp; Gray LLP is serving as legal counsel to the
Affiliate Transactions Committee of Akcea&#146;s Board of Directors. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>ABOUT&nbsp;IONIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As the leader in <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">RNA-targeted</FONT> drug discovery and development, Ionis has created an efficient, broadly applicable, drug
discovery platform called antisense technology that can treat diseases where no other therapeutic approaches have proven effective. Our drug discovery platform has served as a springboard for actionable promise and realized hope for patients with
unmet needs. We created the first and only approved treatment for children and adults with spinal muscular atrophy as well as the world&#146;s first <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">RNA-targeted</FONT> therapeutic approved for the treatment of
polyneuropathy in adults with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Our sights are set on all the patients we have yet to reach with a pipeline of more than 40 novel medicines designed to potentially treat a broad range of diseases, including
neurological, cardio-renal, metabolic, infectious, and pulmonary diseases. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">To learn more about Ionis visit www.ionispharma.com or follow us on twitter
@ionispharma. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>ABOUT&nbsp;AKCEA THERAPEUTICS, INC. </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Akcea Therapeutics, Inc., a majority-owned affiliate of lonis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: IONS), is a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and
commercializing medicines to treat patients with serious and rare diseases. Akcea is commercializing TEGSEDI&reg; (inotersen) and WAYLIVRA&reg; (volanesorsen), as well as advancing a mature pipeline of novel medicines, including <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">AKCEA-APO(a)-L</FONT></FONT><SUB STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:bottom">Rx</SUB>, vupanorsen <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(AKCEA-ANGPTL3-L</FONT><SUB
STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:bottom">Rx</SUB>), <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">AKCEA-APOCIII-L</FONT><SUB STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:bottom">Rx</SUB>, and
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">AKCEA-TTR-L</FONT></FONT><SUB STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:bottom">Rx</SUB>, with the potential to treat multiple diseases. All six medicines were discovered by Ionis, a
leader in antisense therapeutics, and are based on Ionis&#146; proprietary antisense technology. TEGSEDI is approved in the U.S., E.U., Canada and Brazil, and WAYLIVRA is approved in the E.U. Akcea is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, and is
building the infrastructure to commercialize its medicines globally. Additional information about Akcea is available at www.akceatx.com and you can follow the Company on twitter at @akceatx. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Notice to Investors and Security Holders&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The tender offer referred to in this communication has not yet commenced. The description contained in this communication is neither an offer to purchase nor a
solicitation of an offer to sell any securities, nor is it a substitute for the tender offer materials that Ionis will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#147;SEC&#148;). The solicitation and offer to buy shares of Akcea common
stock will only be made pursuant to an offer to purchase and related tender offer materials. At the time the tender offer is commenced, Ionis will file a tender offer statement on Schedule TO and thereafter Akcea will file a
solicitation/recommendation statement on Schedule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14D-9</FONT> with the SEC with respect to the Offer. THE TENDER OFFER MATERIALS (INCLUDING AN OFFER TO PURCHASE, A RELATED LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL AND CERTAIN OTHER
OFFER DOCUMENTS) AND THE SOLICITATION/RECOMMENDATION STATEMENT ON SCHEDULE <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">14D-9</FONT> WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION. AKCEA SHAREHOLDERS ARE URGED TO READ THESE DOCUMENTS CAREFULLY WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE
BECAUSE THEY WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION THAT HOLDERS SHOULD CONSIDER BEFORE MAKING ANY DECISION REGARDING TENDERING THEIR SHARES. The offer to purchase, the related letter of transmittal and the solicitation/recommendation statement will be
made available free of charge at the SEC&#146;s website at www.sec.gov. Additional copies may be obtained for free by contacting Ionis or Akcea, as applicable. Copies of the documents filed with the SEC by Ionis will be available free of charge on
Ionis&#146; internet website at <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">https://ir.ionispharma.com/financial-information/sec-filings</FONT> or by contacting Ionis&#146; investor relations contact at (760) <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">603-2681.</FONT>
Copies of the documents filed with the SEC by Akcea will be available free of charge on Akcea&#146;s internet website at https://ir.akceatx.com/ or by contacting Akcea&#146;s investor relations contact at (617)
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">841-9535.</FONT> </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition to the offer to purchase, the related letter of transmittal and certain other tender offer
documents to be filed by Ionis, as well as the solicitation/recommendation statement to be filed by Akcea, Ionis and Akcea will also file quarterly and current reports with the SEC. Ionis&#146; and Akcea&#146;s filings with the SEC are available to
the public from commercial document-retrieval services and at the website maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
</B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Akcea Therapeutics, Inc. assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements contained in this communication as
a result of new information or future events or developments except as required by law. This press release includes forward-looking statements regarding the business of Akcea Therapeutics, Inc. and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., the therapeutic and
commercial potential of TEGSEDI&reg; (inotersen) and WAYLIVRA&reg; (volanesorsen) and the proposed acquisition of Akcea that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressly or implied
by such statements. Any statement describing Akcea&#146;s or Ionis&#146; goals, expectations, financial or other projections, intentions or beliefs, including the commercial potential of TEGSEDI&nbsp;and WAYLIVRA or other of Akcea&#146;s or
Ionis&#146; drugs in development is a forward-looking statement and should be considered an <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">at-risk</FONT> statement. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, particularly those inherent in the
process of discovering, developing and commercializing drugs that are safe and effective for use as human therapeutics, and in the endeavor of building a business around such drugs. Risks and uncertainties also include, among other things, risks
related to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions to closing the proposed acquisition in the anticipated timeframe or at all, including uncertainties as to how many of Akcea&#146;s stockholders will tender their Shares in the tender offer and
the possibility that the acquisition does not close; disruption from the transaction making it more difficult to maintain business and operational relationships; risks that anticipated synergies will not be realized or may be delayed; and the
magnitude of transaction costs. Akcea&#146;s and Ionis&#146; forward-looking statements also involve assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove correct, could cause its results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such
forward-looking statements. Although Akcea&#146;s and Ionis&#146; forward-looking statements reflect the good faith judgment of its management, these statements are based only on facts and factors currently known by Akcea and Ionis. In particular,
we caution you that our forward-looking statements are subject to the ongoing and developing circumstances related to the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">COVID-19</FONT> pandemic, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations
and future financial results. As a result, you are cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. These and other risks concerning Akcea&#146;s and Ionis&#146; programs are described in additional detail in Akcea&#146;s and Ionis&#146;
quarterly reports on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q</FONT> and annual reports on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K,</FONT> which are on file with the&nbsp;SEC. Copies of these and other documents are available from each company.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In this press release, unless the context requires otherwise, &#147;Ionis,&#148; &#147;Akcea,&#148; &#147;Company,&#148; &#147;we,&#148; &#147;our,&#148;
and &#147;us&#148; refers to&nbsp;Ionis Pharmaceuticals&nbsp;or&nbsp;Akcea Therapeutics, as applicable. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ionis Pharmaceuticals<SUP
STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&#153;</SUP> is a trademark of&nbsp;Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.&nbsp;Akcea Therapeutics<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>,
TEGSEDI<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>&nbsp;and WAYLIVRA<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">&reg;</SUP>&nbsp;are trademarks of&nbsp;Akcea Therapeutics, Inc. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Ionis Media Contact: </B> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Roslyn Patterson </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Vice President, Corporate Communications</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">760-603-2681</FONT></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">rpatterson@ionisph.com </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Ionis Investor Contact: </B> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">D. Wade Walke, Ph.D. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Vice President, Investor Relations </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">760-603-2741</FONT></FONT> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">wwalke@ionisph.com </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Akcea Media Contact: </B> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Angelyn Lowe </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Vice President,&nbsp;Corporate
Communications&nbsp;&amp; Investor Relations </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">617-207-8509</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">alowe@akceatx.com </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Akcea Investor Contact: </B> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Matthew Roache </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Director, Investor Relations </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">617-841-9535</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">mroache@akceatx.com </P>
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      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="ions-20200830_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:title="Presentation Links, all" xlink:type="simple" />
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://isispharm.com//20200830/taxonomy/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" id="Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation">
        <link:definition>100000 - Document - Document and Entity Information</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
    </xsd:appinfo>
  </xsd:annotation>
</xsd:schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ions-20200830_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii" standalone="yes"?>
<!-- DFIN - https://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- CTU Version: Release 2020-5 Build:20200707.2 -->
<!-- Creation date: 8/31/2020 2:03:35 PM Eastern Time -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2020 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<link:linkbase
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:labelLink xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Incorporation State Country Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Incorporation State Country Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity File Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity File Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Soliciting Material</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Soliciting Material</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Security 12b Title</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Security 12b Title</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Trading Symbol</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Trading Symbol</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
  </link:labelLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>ions-20200830_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii" standalone="yes"?>
<!-- DFIN - https://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- CTU Version: Release 2020-5 Build:20200707.2 -->
<!-- Creation date: 8/31/2020 2:03:36 PM Eastern Time -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2020 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<link:linkbase
    xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
    xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://isispharm.com//20200830/taxonomy/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:href="ions-20200830.xsd#Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://isispharm.com//20200830/taxonomy/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation">
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName" order="22.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag" order="23.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" order="24.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType" order="26.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" order="28.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode" order="35.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" order="39.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" order="40.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle" order="41.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
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    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol" order="42.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" order="44.001" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
  </link:presentationLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>d75253d8k_htm.xml
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XML>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xbrl
  xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"
  xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019-01-31"
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <link:schemaRef xlink:href="ions-20200830.xsd" xlink:type="simple"/>
    <context id="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">
        <entity>
            <identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000874015</identifier>
        </entity>
        <period>
            <startDate>2020-08-30</startDate>
            <endDate>2020-08-30</endDate>
        </period>
    </context>
    <dei:EntityRegistrantName
      contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30"
      id="Hidden_dei_EntityRegistrantName">IONIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC</dei:EntityRegistrantName>
    <dei:AmendmentFlag contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">false</dei:AmendmentFlag>
    <dei:EntityCentralIndexKey
      contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30"
      id="Hidden_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">0000874015</dei:EntityCentralIndexKey>
    <dei:DocumentType contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">8-K</dei:DocumentType>
    <dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">2020-08-30</dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate>
    <dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">DE</dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode>
    <dei:EntityFileNumber contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">000-19125</dei:EntityFileNumber>
    <dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">33-0336973</dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber>
    <dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1 contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">2855 Gazelle Court</dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1>
    <dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">Carlsbad</dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown>
    <dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">CA</dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince>
    <dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">92010</dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode>
    <dei:CityAreaCode contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">(760)</dei:CityAreaCode>
    <dei:LocalPhoneNumber contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">931-9200</dei:LocalPhoneNumber>
    <dei:WrittenCommunications contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">false</dei:WrittenCommunications>
    <dei:SolicitingMaterial contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">false</dei:SolicitingMaterial>
    <dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">true</dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer>
    <dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">false</dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer>
    <dei:Security12bTitle contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">Common Stock, $.001 Par Value</dei:Security12bTitle>
    <dei:TradingSymbol contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">IONS</dei:TradingSymbol>
    <dei:SecurityExchangeName contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">NASDAQ</dei:SecurityExchangeName>
    <dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany contextRef="duration_2020-08-30_to_2020-08-30">false</dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany>
</xbrl>
</XML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.20.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139934682846952">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 30, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">IONIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000874015<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Aug. 30,  2020<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation State Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">000-19125<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">33-0336973<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">2855 Gazelle Court<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Carlsbad<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">92010<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(760)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">931-9200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Security 12b Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $.001 Par Value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">IONS<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
