<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001140361-21-019925.txt : 20210604
<SEC-HEADER>0001140361-21-019925.hdr.sgml : 20210604
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20210604164351
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001140361-21-019925
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20210602
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20210604
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20210604

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			IONIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000874015
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		IRS NUMBER:				330336973
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-19125
		FILM NUMBER:		21997053

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		2855 GAZELLE COURT
		CITY:			CARLSBAD
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92010
		BUSINESS PHONE:		7609319200

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		2855 GAZELLE COURT
		CITY:			CARLSBAD
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92010

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ISIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19930328
</SEC-HEADER>
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<div id="DSPFiXBRLHidden" style="display: none;"><ix:header><ix:hidden><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:AmendmentFlag" id="Fact_3e5759d0c50b4173b6d8b2d2c1805529" contextRef="c20210602to20210602" format="ixt:booleanfalse">false</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" id="Fact_a9d5b42eccba48c4aeddcb8e2646099f" contextRef="c20210602to20210602">Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince" id="Fact_02d39103a4ba43f18f452c12f2b209eb" contextRef="c20210602to20210602">CA</ix:nonNumeric><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityCentralIndexKey" id="Fact_ed35b44971de42aca3d5c1c7e26e0090" contextRef="c20210602to20210602">0000874015</ix:nonNumeric></ix:hidden><ix:references><link:schemaRef xlink:href="ions-20210602.xsd" xlink:type="simple"></link:schemaRef></ix:references><ix:resources><xbrli:context id="c20210602to20210602"><xbrli:entity><xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0000874015</xbrli:identifier></xbrli:entity><xbrli:period><xbrli:startDate>2021-06-02</xbrli:startDate><xbrli:endDate>2021-06-02</xbrli:endDate></xbrli:period></xbrli:context></ix:resources></ix:header></div>

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      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">Washington, D.C.&#160; 20549</div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: bold;">FORM <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:DocumentType" id="Fact_e281ebff40094efd87a7feac8359bd49" contextRef="c20210602to20210602">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">CURRENT REPORT</div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE</div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Date of report (Date of earliest event reported):&#160; <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate" id="Fact_2a9e64c909cb4cc5812ac665d46a69be" contextRef="c20210602to20210602" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen">June 2, 2021</ix:nonNumeric></div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"> <br />
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      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)</div>

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      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)</div>

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    <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(Commission File No.)</div>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt; width: 2%;" colspan="1"><br />
            </td>

    <td style="width: 49%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(IRS Employer Identification No.)</div>
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      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">(Address of Principal Executive Offices and Zip Code)</div>

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        <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Registrant&#8217;s telephone number, including area code: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">(<ix:nonNumeric name="dei:CityAreaCode" id="Fact_3710beb5d79a4d3b9ec83ebebc0c5f81" contextRef="c20210602to20210602">760</ix:nonNumeric>) <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber" id="Fact_c3e6d0981ffa42bdbc086b61d797e71d" contextRef="c20210602to20210602">931-9200</ix:nonNumeric></span></div>

        <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;"> <br />
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      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following
        provisions:</div>

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    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</div>
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    <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:SolicitingMaterial" id="Fact_99260b7c6aeb41c5bcb15470900e3bef" contextRef="c20210602to20210602" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric></td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</div>
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    <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer" id="Fact_66cdf4e4dd66483c9939308f527bacf1" contextRef="c20210602to20210602" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric><br />
            </td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</div>
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    <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" id="Fact_26b43d67e9264914aec5333c2d50282b" contextRef="c20210602to20210602" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric></td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</div>
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      <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</div>

      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
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    <td style="width: 32%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Title of each class</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
            </td>

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              <div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Trading symbol</div>
            </td>

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            </td>

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              <div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Name of each exchange on which registered</div>
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              <div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:Security12bTitle" id="Fact_872d5a6a0d5046afac7c000f1d62c7e1" contextRef="c20210602to20210602">Common Stock, $.001 Par Value</ix:nonNumeric><br />
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            </td>

    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
            </td>

    <td style="width: 32%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&#8220;<ix:nonNumeric name="dei:TradingSymbol" id="Fact_89f82137b38144d998b410650a268c82" contextRef="c20210602to20210602">IONS</ix:nonNumeric>&#8221;</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
            </td>

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              <div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" id="Fact_dc358b2e90904e07bb719de2e6cc1e14" contextRef="c20210602to20210602" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen">The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC</ix:nonNumeric><br />
              </div>
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      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (Section 230.405 of this
        chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Section 240.12b-2 of this chapter).</div>

      <div style="text-align: center; text-indent: 288pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <br />
        </span></div>

      <div style="text-align: center; text-indent: 288pt; margin-left: 216pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Emerging growth company</span><a id="z_Hlk11148519"></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&#160; &#160; &#160; <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" id="Fact_2396d5b0676d48d19fc96ae8a0481501" contextRef="c20210602to20210602" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or
        revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160; &#9744;</span></div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <br />
        </span></div>

      <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span>
      <hr style="border: none; border-bottom: 4px solid black; border-top: 1px solid black; height: 10px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" />
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        <div style="page-break-after:always;">
          <hr style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;" /></div>

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    <td style="width: 54pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Item 5.02</td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.</div>
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      <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <br />
        </span></div>

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                <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">(d)</span></div>
              </td>

    <td style="align: left; vertical-align: top; width: auto;">
                <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Appointment of Allene M. Diaz to the Board of Directors</span></span></div>
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      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">On June 2, 2021, the Board of Directors (&#8220;<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Board</span>&#8221;) of Ionis
        Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the &#8220;<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Company</span>&#8221;) appointed Allene M. Diaz as a member of the Company&#8217;s Board effective June 3, 2021.&#160; Ms. Diaz will also
        serve on the Company&#8217;s Compliance Committee.</div>

      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Ms. Diaz has led AMD Consulting, a new product strategy and portfolio management consulting practice, since 2020 and currently serves as Senior Consultant to
        Xilio Therapeutics.&#160; Previously, Ms. Diaz served in senior executive positions at GlaxoSmithKline and TESARO. Prior to that she held a variety of commercial leadership roles in the EMD Serono and Merck Serono divisions of Merck KGaA.</div>

      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">There are no arrangements or understandings between Ms. Diaz and any other persons pursuant to which Ms. Diaz was appointed as a director of the Company.</div>

      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Ms. Diaz will receive the standard compensation that the Company provides to its non-employee directors consisting of cash compensation and automatic equity
        grants as set forth in the Company&#8217;s Board Compensation Policy filed as an exhibit to the Company&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 5, 2021, as amended from time to time.</div>

      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">In addition, Ms. Diaz will enter into the Company&#8217;s standard form of indemnity agreement.</div>

      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">A copy of the press release announcing the appointment of Ms. Diaz is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by
        reference.</div>

      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
      </div>

      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="z0eae48c2d13c4c4fa5a3d7ce8cb0d847" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 54pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Item 5.07</td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.</div>
            </td>

  </tr>


</table>
      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">The Company held its virtual Annual Meeting of Stockholders on June 2, 2021.&#160; The stockholders considered four proposals, each of which is described in more
        detail in the Company&#8217;s definitive proxy statement dated April 23, 2021.</div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">Proposal 1:</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;&#160; <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Election of
            directors to hold office until the 2024 Annual Meeting:</span></span></div>

      <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <br />
          </span></span></div>

      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" id="zf54a5daa473942bc93185221917f5dd6" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 24.99%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
            </td>

    <td style="width: 24.99%; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">FOR</span></div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25.01%; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">WITHHELD</span></div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25.01%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">BROKER NON-</span></div>
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">VOTES</span></div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 24.99%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
              <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Brett Monia</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 24.99%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">105,486,967</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25.01%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">9,788,827</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25.01%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">11,364,138</div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 24.99%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Frederick Muto</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 24.99%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">62,824,930</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25.01%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">52,450,864</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25.01%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">11,364,138</div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 24.99%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
              <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Peter Reikes</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 24.99%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">103,563,764</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25.01%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">11,712,030</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25.01%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">11,364,138</div>
            </td>

  </tr>


</table>
      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">The Company&#8217;s stockholders elected the foregoing candidates by affirmative votes by a majority of the votes of the shares represented in person or by proxy
        at the meeting and entitled to vote in the election of directors.</div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
        <div style="page-break-after: always;">
          <hr style="border-width: 0px; clear: both; margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000;" /></div>

      </div>

      <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">Proposal 2</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">:</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;&#160; <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Approve an amendment of the Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2011 Equity Incentive Plan:</span></span></div>

      <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <br />
          </span></span></div>

      <a id="z_Hlk8814161"></a>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" id="z1a86b69fae1248fca35c5d51f80c1873" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">FOR</span></span></div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AGAINST</span></div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">ABSTAIN</span></div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">BROKER NON-VOTES</span></div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">99,462,636</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">15,689,495</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">123,663</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">11,364,138</div>
            </td>

  </tr>


</table>
      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">The Company&#8217;s stockholders approved the foregoing proposal.</div>

      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
      </div>

      <div>
        <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -72pt; margin-left: 72pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Proposal 3:</span>&#160;&#160; Approval, on an advisory basis, of the compensation paid to
          the Company&#8217;s executive officers, including the following resolution:</div>

      </div>

      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 36pt;">&#8220;RESOLVED, that Ionis&#8217; stockholders approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of the named executive officers, as
        disclosed in this Proxy Statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders pursuant to the compensation disclosure rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.&#8221;</div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 45pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"> <br />
      </div>

      <a id="z_Hlk8814118"></a>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" id="zcc68fb8d06fc4ae589d0ddaabe9904b6" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">FOR</span></span></div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AGAINST</span></div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">ABSTAIN</span></div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">BROKER NON-VOTES</span></div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">103,175,839</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">11,890,249</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">209,706</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); text-align: center;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">11,364,138</div>
            </td>

  </tr>


</table>
      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">The Company&#8217;s stockholders approved the foregoing proposal.</div>

      <div style="text-align: left;">
        <div><br />
        </div>

        <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">Proposal 4:</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;&#160; <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Ratify the Audit Committee&#8217;s selection of Ernst
            &amp; Young LLP as independent auditors for the 2021 fiscal year:</span></span></div>

      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
      </div>

      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" id="z5cc38145871b489497ab74e642da09c0" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 10pt;" rowspan="1"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-variant: small-caps;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">FOR</span></span></td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AGAINST</span></td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">ABSTAIN</span></div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">BROKER NON-VOTES</span></div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255);">
              <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">124,715,229</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); text-align: center;">
              <div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">1,834,317</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); text-align: center;">
              <div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">90,386</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 25%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt; background-color: rgb(204, 238, 255); text-align: center;">
              <div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman';">0</div>
            </td>

  </tr>


</table>
      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">The Company&#8217;s stockholders approved the foregoing proposal.</div>

      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
      </div>

      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="z29af9346636a462e9d4bb26cb567c981" class="DSPFListTable" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 54pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Item 9.01.</td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">Financial Statements and Exhibits.</div>
            </td>

  </tr>


</table>
      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div>
        <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;" id="z53a7c729d28446e7a6db6d822cd75bcb" class="DSPFListTable">


  <tr style="vertical-align: top;">

    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 18pt;">
                <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">(d)</div>
              </td>

    <td style="align: left; vertical-align: top; width: auto;">
                <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Exhibits.</div>
              </td>

  </tr>


</table>
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" id="z720a977713ee419eaba3e708fafbe413" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 12%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exhibit No.</span></div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 88%; vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Description</span></div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 12%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="brhc10025504_ex99-1.htm">99.1</a></div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 88%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Press Release dated June 2, 2021.</div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 12%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;" rowspan="1"><br />
            </td>

    <td style="width: 88%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;" rowspan="1"><br />
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 12%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">104</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 88%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).</div>
            </td>

  </tr>


</table>
      <div> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
        <div style="page-break-after:always;">
          <hr style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;" /></div>

      </div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: bold;">SIGNATURE</div>

      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: bold;"> <br />
      </div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed
        on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.</div>

      <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
      </div>

      <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" id="z277e2dd3624c497f905fe85fc445b1e2" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: left; color: #000000;">


  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="2">
              <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: bold;">Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;" rowspan="1">&#160;</td>

    <td style="vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;" rowspan="1" colspan="2"><br />
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Dated:&#160; June 4, 2021</div>
            </td>

    <td style="width: 3%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">By:</td>

    <td style="width: 47%; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 2px solid black; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">/s/ Patrick R. O&#8217;Neil</span></div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 3%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
            </td>

    <td style="width: 47%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: bold;">Patrick R. O&#8217;Neil</div>
            </td>

  </tr>

  <tr>

    <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 3%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
            </td>

    <td style="width: 47%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Executive Vice President, Legal, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer</div>
            </td>

  </tr>


</table>
      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
      </div>

      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
      </div>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
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<FILENAME>brhc10025504_ex99-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
<TEXT>
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    <div style="text-align: right;"> <font style="font-weight: bold;">Exhibit 99.1</font><br>
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      <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Ionis announces changes to its board of directors at annual meeting of stockholders</div>
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              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: italic;">Joseph Loscalzo, M.D., Ph.D., appointed chairman of the board</div>
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              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: italic;">Ionis founder and Executive Chairman Stanley T. Crooke, M.D., Ph.D., retires from the board</div>
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              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: italic;">Breaux B. Castleman retires from the board</div>
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              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: italic;">Allene M. Diaz appointed to the board</div>
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      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">CARLSBAD, Calif., June 2, 2021</font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">
          &#8211; Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: IONS) today announced changes to its board of directors. Joseph Loscalzo, M.D., Ph.D., has been appointed chairman of the board and Allene M. Diaz has been appointed to the board. As previously announced,
          Ionis founder and Executive Chairman Stanley T. Crooke, M.D., Ph.D., has retired from the board. Breaux B. Castleman has also retired from the board.</font></div>
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      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Dr. Loscalzo has been on the Ionis board since February 2014, serving on the Nominating<font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,</font>
        Governance and Review and Science/Medical committees. He is currently Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and chairman, Department of Medicine and physician-in-chief, Brigham and Women&#8217;s Hospital. He
        received his A.B. degree, <font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: italic;">summa cum laude</font>, his Ph.D. in biochemistry and his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. An outstanding cardiovascular scientist,
        clinician and teacher, he is the recipient of many awards, including the Clinician-Scientist Award, the Distinguished Scientist Award, the Research Achievement Award and the Paul Dudley White Award from the American Heart Association. Dr. Loscalzo
        is editor-in-chief of <font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: italic;">Circulation</font>, the journal of the American Heart Association, a senior editor of Harrison&#8217;s Principles of Internal Medicine, a member of the
        Advisory Council of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and a member of the Council of Councils of the National Institutes of Health. He has authored more than 1,100 peer-reviewed articles and holds 32 patents for his work in the field of
        nitric oxide and redox biology. Dr. Loscalzo also serves on the board of directors of Leap Therapeutics, Inc.</div>
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      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Dr. Loscalzo assumes leadership of the board from Dr. Crooke. In December 2020, the company announced that after pioneering RNA-targeted therapeutics and
        leading the company for more than 30 years, Dr. Crooke would step down as executive chairman to focus on his scientific interests and the nonprofit organization he founded, the n-Lorem Foundation. Dr. Crooke will continue to serve as a scientific
        advisor to Ionis<font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,</font> including providing advice regarding Ionis' research and development programs and guiding the core antisense research group he founded at Ionis.</div>
      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Dr. Loscalzo commented, &#8220;I am deeply honored that the Ionis board has entrusted me with the responsibility of serving as its chairman. Brett and his executive
        leadership team have set a bold and exciting agenda to expand the company&#8217;s pioneering technology and deliver many more novel RNA-targeted therapies for patients in need. I am thrilled to be a part of this important and noble endeavor.&#8221;</div>
      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Ms. Diaz founded AMD Consulting, a new product strategy and portfolio management consulting practice, in 2020 and currently serves as senior advisor to Xilio
        Therapeutics. Previously, Ms. Diaz served in senior executive roles at GlaxoSmithKline and TESARO. Prior to that she held a variety of commercial leadership positions in the EMD Serono and Merck Serono divisions of Merck KGaA. Earlier in her
        career, Ms. Diaz held management and operating roles in new product planning, portfolio management, marketing, sales and medical affairs at Pfizer, Biogen, Amylin, Parke-Davis and Cancervax. She has contributed to the development, launch and/or
        commercialization of multiple transformative products across several therapeutic areas. Ms. Diaz serves on the boards of directors of Mersana Therapeutics, Allena Pharmaceuticals, and BCLS Acquisition Corp.</div>
      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;I&#8217;m delighted to join the Ionis board of directors and look forward to lending my expertise in product strategy and global commercialization to the company as
        it prepares to deliver 12-plus novel therapies to market by 2026,&#8221; said Ms. Diaz.</div>
      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Mr. Castleman, president and chief executive officer of Syntiro Healthcare Services, Inc., served on the Ionis board since 2013 and was a member of the Audit
        committee. Since January 2008, Mr. Castleman has been a senior advisor of McNally Capital, LLC, a private equity and merchant banking firm focused on investments in private equity, both direct to companies and through private equity partnerships.</div>
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      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;These are exciting times for Ionis, and I can&#8217;t think of a person better qualified to assume the role of chairman of our board than Joe. His exceptional
        leadership and experience as one of the nation&#8217;s leading cardiologists have served the company well. As chairman, I believe Joe&#8217;s innovative and strategic thinking will be instrumental to our success as we execute an ambitious strategy to expand
        Ionis&#8217; leadership in RNA-targeted therapeutics,&#8221; said Brett P. Monia, Ph.D., chief executive officer of Ionis. &#8220;I&#8217;m equally pleased that Allene has agreed to join our board. Her extensive background in the biopharmaceutical industry and
        accomplishments as a commercial leader and strategist will serve the company well as we execute on our plans for commercialization.&#160; I also want to thank Breaux for his years of board service, particularly his valuable contributions as a member of
        the Audit committee. And, of course, all of us at Ionis are grateful for Stan&#8217;s incredible vision and leadership during his more than 30-year tenure at Ionis.&#8221;</div>
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      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">About Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</div>
      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><a name="z_Hlk70514211"></a>For more than 30 years, Ionis has been the leader in RNA-targeted therapy, pioneering new markets and changing standards of care
        with its novel antisense technology. Ionis currently has three marketed medicines and a premier late-stage pipeline highlighted by industry-leading neurological and cardiometabolic franchises. Our scientific innovation began and continues with the
        knowledge that sick people depend on us, which fuels our vision of becoming one of the most successful biotechnology companies.</div>
      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">To learn more about Ionis visit www.ionispharma.com and follow us on twitter @ionispharma.</div>
      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
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      <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Ionis Pharmaceuticals Investor Contact:</div>
      <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">D. Wade Walke, Ph.D.</div>
      <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Vice President, Investor Relations</div>
      <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">760-603-2741</div>
      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
      </div>
      <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Ionis Pharmaceuticals Media Contact:</div>
      <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Roslyn Patterson</div>
      <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Vice President, Marketing and Communications</div>
      <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">760-603-4679</div>
      <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:title="PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:title="label: PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer to dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="AmendmentFlag" xlink:title="AmendmentFlag" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:title="label: AmendmentFlag to dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:title="DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:title="label: DocumentFiscalYearFocus to dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:title="DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:title="label: DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus to dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:title="DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:title="label: DocumentPeriodEndDate to dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="EntityRegistrantName" xlink:title="EntityRegistrantName" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityRegistrantName to dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:title="EntityCentralIndexKey" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityCentralIndexKey to dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="EntityFileNumber" xlink:title="EntityFileNumber" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl">Entity File Number</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityFileNumber to dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:title="EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityTaxIdentificationNumber to dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:title="EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode to dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:title="EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:title="label: EntityEmergingGrowthCompany to dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:title="EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:title="EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:title="EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
    <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:title="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US" id="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:title="EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:title="EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:title="EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="CityAreaCode" xlink:title="CityAreaCode" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:title="LocalPhoneNumber" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:title="NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="TradingSymbol" xlink:title="TradingSymbol" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021/dei-2021.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="SecurityExchangeName" xlink:title="SecurityExchangeName" />
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ions-20210602_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
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            <endDate>2021-06-02</endDate>
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.21.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140601668354856">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 02, 2021</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jun.  02,  2021<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">000-19125<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">33-0336973<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">2855 Gazelle Court<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Carlsbad<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">92010<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">760<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">931-9200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000874015<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $.001 Par Value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">IONS<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
