<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001140361-23-045170.txt : 20230926
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20230926070521
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001140361-23-045170
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20230926
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20230926
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20230926

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			IONIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000874015
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		IRS NUMBER:				330336973
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			CA
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-19125
		FILM NUMBER:		231277154

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		2855 GAZELLE COURT
		CITY:			CARLSBAD
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92010
		BUSINESS PHONE:		7609319200

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		2855 GAZELLE COURT
		CITY:			CARLSBAD
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92010

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ISIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19930328
</SEC-HEADER>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">Washington, D.C.&#160; 20549</div>

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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">CURRENT REPORT</div>

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            <div>Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</div>
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            <div>Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</div>
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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

    <div style="text-align: left; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</div>

    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><br />
    </div>

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            <div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Title of each class</div>
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    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

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            <div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Trading symbol</div>
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    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

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    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

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    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

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    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br />
    </div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (Section 230.405 of this chapter) or
      Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Section 240.12b-2 of this chapter).</div>

    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;&#160;Emerging growth company&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; &#160; &#160; <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" id="Fact_afdd86a0a3be40b6a23ce168f34e2d38" contextRef="c20230926to20230926" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric></div>

    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised
      financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> &#160; &#160; &#160; &#160; &#160; &#160;&#160; &#9744;</span></div>

    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

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    <td style="width: 72pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Item 8.01</td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold;">Other Events.</div>
          </td>

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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">On September 26, 2023, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. issued a press release announcing positive topline results for the Phase 3 Balance study of olezarsen in people with
      familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS).</div>

    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">A copy of this press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report and incorporated herein by reference.</div>

    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

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    <td style="width: 72pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Item 9.01.</td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold;">Financial Statements and Exhibits.</div>
          </td>

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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">(d) Exhibits.</div>

    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

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    <td style="width: 15%; vertical-align: bottom; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exhibit No.</span></div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 85%; vertical-align: bottom; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Description</span></div>
          </td>

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    <td style="width: 15%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="ef20011263_ex99-1.htm">99.1</a></div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 85%; vertical-align: top;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Press Release dated September 26, 2023.</div>
          </td>

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  <tr>

    <td style="width: 15%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

    <td style="width: 85%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

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    <td style="width: 15%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: center;">104</div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 85%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: left;">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).</div>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: bold;">SIGNATURE</div>

    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf
      by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.</div>

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            <div style="text-align: justify; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: bold;">Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</div>
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            <div style="text-align: justify;">Dated:&#160; September 26, 2023</div>
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            <div style="text-align: justify;">By:</div>
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            <div style="text-align: justify;">&#160;&#160;/s/ Patrick R. O&#8217;Neil</div>
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    <td style="width: 47%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: bold;">Patrick R. O&#8217;Neil</div>
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    <td style="width: 47%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: justify;">Executive Vice President, Chief Legal</div>
            <div style="text-align: justify;">Officer and General Counsel</div>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
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<FILENAME>ef20011263_ex99-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
<TEXT>
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    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Exhibit 99.1</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
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    <div style="text-align: left; font-size: 10pt;"><img width="146" height="47" src="image0.jpg"></div>
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    <div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 18pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Ionis announces positive olezarsen topline results from Phase 3 study in people with familial chylomicronemia syndrome</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
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          <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#8226;</td>
          <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: italic;">Olezarsen met the primary endpoint with a statistically significant reduction in triglyceride levels versus placebo</div>
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          <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#8226;</td>
          <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: italic;">First study to show an absolute reduction in acute pancreatitis in FCS patients, with olezarsen 80 mg monthly dose reducing events by 100 percent</div>
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    <div style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>
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            <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#8226;</td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: italic;">Olezarsen demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile</div>
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            <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#8226;</td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: italic;">Ionis plans to file a New Drug Application with U.S. FDA, in preparation for first potential independent launch</div>
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            <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#8226;</td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: italic;">Phase 3 studies continue evaluating olezarsen in broader patient population with severe hypertriglyceridemia (SHTG)</div>
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            <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#8226;</td>
            <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size: 10pt;">
              <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: italic;">Ionis to host webcast today at 11 a.m. ET</div>
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      <div style="font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">CARLSBAD, Calif., Sept. 26, 2023</font><font style="font-size: 10pt;"> -- <u><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</font></u> (Nasdaq: IONS) today announced positive topline results for the Phase 3 Balance study of olezarsen in people with familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS). The trial
        met its primary efficacy endpoint with a statistically significant reduction in triglyceride levels with the olezarsen 80 mg monthly dose at six months compared to placebo (p=0.0009); triglyceride lowering continued to improve at 12 months. In
        addition, olezarsen 80 mg showed a 100 percent reduction in acute pancreatitis events compared to placebo (0 events for olezarsen versus 11 events for placebo), a key secondary endpoint.</font></div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Treatment with olezarsen 80 mg resulted in a &gt;75% reduction in apoC-III, a protein produced in the liver that regulates TG metabolism in the blood. In addition to the 80
      mg monthly dose, the study also evaluated a lower 50 mg monthly dose. Olezarsen demonstrated a dose-dependent effect, with both study doses showing a substantial reduction in pancreatitis. The lower 50 mg dose did not reach statistical significance
      at six months on the primary endpoint of triglyceride lowering (p=0.0775).</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Ionis plans to file a New Drug Application in early 2024 with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in addition to EU regulatory filings. If approved, olezarsen would
      be the first available treatment in the U.S. for FCS, a rare, debilitating genetic disease that can lead to acute, potentially fatal pancreatitis attacks. The FDA granted olezarsen Fast Track designation for the treatment of FCS in 2023, which is
      designed to expedite the FDA's review of innovative, new drugs that demonstrate the potential to address unmet medical need. Ionis will present the Phase 3 olezarsen FCS data at a future medical congress.</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
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      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">1</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;These positive olezarsen topline results represent an important advance for people with FCS who live in constant fear of unpredictable and potentially fatal attacks of
      acute pancreatitis. With no currently FDA-approved treatments, people with FCS live with debilitating abdominal pain and must maintain an extremely restrictive diet consisting of less than 20 grams of fat per day,&#8221; said Sam Tsimikas, M.D., senior
      vice president, global cardiovascular development at Ionis. &#8220;In this study, people with FCS treated with olezarsen along with background therapy and a low-fat diet had a substantially reduced risk of recurrent attacks of acute pancreatitis. These
      results strengthen our confidence in olezarsen&#8217;s potential to deliver benefits to FCS patients and in the larger population with SHTG following completion of ongoing Phase 3 studies.&#8221;</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Olezarsen demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile in the study. Th<font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(27, 27, 27);">ere were more
        adverse events in the placebo group compared to the olezarsen groups, primarily due to pancreatitis events. The majority of adverse events in the olezarsen groups were mild in severity. There was a low incidence of injection site reactions. No
        hepatic or renal toxicity events occurred and there were no clinically meaningful platelet </font>reductions.<font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(27, 27, 27);"> One death was reported in the study, which was deemed as not
        related to study drug.</font> </div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;Today is a proud moment in our company&#8217;s evolution, as olezarsen is poised to be a long-awaited advance for FCS patients and Ionis&#8217; first potential independent commercial
      launch,&#8221; said Brett P. Monia, Ph.D., chief executive officer of Ionis. &#8220;We believe olezarsen has the potential to become the new standard of care for patients with FCS and we are excited about its potential in the broader population of patients with
      SHTG where we have ongoing pivotal trials. We want to express our gratitude to the patients, caregivers, investigators and study teams who participated in the Balance study. We look forward to submitting these data to the FDA and anticipate that
      olezarsen will be the first of many medicines from our wholly owned pipeline that we bring to people with debilitating diseases.&#8221;</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Webcast</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Ionis will conduct a webcast today at 11:00 a.m. Eastern time to discuss this announcement. Interested parties may access the webcast <font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><u>here</u></font>. A webcast replay will be available for a limited time at the same address. Visit <u><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">www.ionispharma.com</font></u> for more information and to register.</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;"> <font style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
      </font></div>
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      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">2</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">About the Balance Study</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">The global, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 Balance study (<u><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">NCT04568434</font></u>)
      enrolled 66 patients aged 18 and older with confirmed FCS. Patients in the study received background therapies including statins, fibrates and omega-3 fatty acids.&#160; Patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive olezarsen 80 mg or 50 mg or
      placebo via subcutaneous injection once every four weeks for 53 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percent change from baseline in fasting triglyceride levels at six months compared to placebo. Secondary endpoints included triglyceride levels at 12
      months and adjudicated acute pancreatitis event rate.</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">About FCS</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">FCS is a rare, genetic disease characterized by extremely elevated triglyceride levels. It is caused by impaired function of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Because of
      limited LPL production or function, people with FCS cannot break down chylomicrons, lipoprotein particles that are 90% triglycerides. FCS is estimated to impact 1-2 people per million worldwide. People living with FCS are at high risk for acute
      pancreatitis in addition to other chronic health issues such as fatigue and severe, recurrent abdominal pain. They are sometimes unable to work, adding to their disease burden.</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Currently, there are no FDA-approved therapies for the treatment of FCS. People living with this condition
        currently rely solely on nutrition management through extremely restrictive diets to navigate the health risks associated with FCS</font><font style="font-size: 10pt;">.</font></div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">About Olezarsen</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Olezarsen is an investigational <font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">LI</font>gand <font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">C</font>onjugated <font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold;">A</font>ntisense (LICA) medicine being evaluated for people at risk of disease due to elevated triglyceride (TG) levels including those with familial
      chylomicronemia syndrome, or FCS. Olezarsen is designed to inhibit the body&#8217;s production of apoC-III, a protein produced in the liver that regulates TG metabolism in the blood. The FDA granted olezarsen Fast Track designation for the treatment of FCS
      in Q1 2023. In addition to FCS, Ionis is evaluating olezarsen for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia (SHTG) in Phase 3 clinical trials.</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">About Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">For more than 30 years, Ionis has been a leader in RNA-targeted therapy, pioneering new markets and changing standards of care. Ionis currently has four marketed medicines
      and a promising late-stage pipeline highlighted by cardiovascular and neurological franchises. Our scientific innovation began and continues with the knowledge that sick people depend on us, which fuels our vision to become the leader in genetic
      medicine, utilizing a multi-platform approach to discover, develop and deliver life-transforming therapies.</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">To learn more about Ionis visit www.ionispharma.com and follow us on Twitter @ionispharma.</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" class="BRPFPageBreakArea">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: right;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">3</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Ionis' Forward-looking Statements</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">This press release includes forward-looking statements regarding Ionis' business and the therapeutic and commercial potential of olezarsen, Ionis' technologies and other
      products in development. Any statement describing Ionis' goals, expectations, financial or other projections, intentions or beliefs is a forward-looking statement and should be considered an at-risk statement. Such statements are subject to certain
      risks and uncertainties including those related to our commercial products and the medicines in our pipeline, and particularly those inherent in the process of discovering, developing and commercializing medicines that are safe and effective for use
      as human therapeutics, and in the endeavor of building a business around such medicines. Ionis' forward-looking statements also involve assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove correct, could cause its results to differ materially from
      those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Although Ionis' forward-looking statements reflect the good faith judgment of its management, these statements are based only on facts and factors currently known by Ionis. As a result,
      you are cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. These and other risks concerning Ionis' programs are described in additional detail in Ionis' annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2022, and the most recent Form
      10-Q quarterly filing, which are on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Copies of these and other documents are available from the Company.</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">In this press release, unless the context requires otherwise, "Ionis," "Company," "we," "our," and "us" all refer to Ionis Pharmaceuticals and its subsidiaries.</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Ionis Pharmaceuticals&#174; is a registered trademark of Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Ionis Investor Contact:</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">D. Wade Walke, Ph.D.</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">info@ionisph.com</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">760-603-2331</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Ionis Media Contact:</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Hayley Soffer</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">ionis_ca@ionisph.com</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">760-603-4679</div>
    <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 22.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">###</div>
    <div style="text-align: center; margin-left: 22.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <font style="font-size: 10pt;"><br>
      </font></div>
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      <font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">4</font></div>
    <div>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
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<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA
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<!--Generated by Broadridge PROfile 23.9.1.5178 Broadridge-->
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<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>ions-20230926_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:title="PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ions-20230926_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
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<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.23.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140347995453408">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 26, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Sep. 26,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">000-19125<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">IONIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000874015<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">33-0336973<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">2855 Gazelle Court<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Carlsbad<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">92010<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">760<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">931-9200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $.001 Par Value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">IONS<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
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<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
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<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<tr>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
