<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001140361-23-045401.txt : 20230927
<SEC-HEADER>0001140361-23-045401.hdr.sgml : 20230927
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20230927070519
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001140361-23-045401
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		14
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20230927
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20230927
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20230927

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			IONIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000874015
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		IRS NUMBER:				330336973
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			CA
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-19125
		FILM NUMBER:		231281798

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		2855 GAZELLE COURT
		CITY:			CARLSBAD
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92010
		BUSINESS PHONE:		7609319200

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		2855 GAZELLE COURT
		CITY:			CARLSBAD
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			92010

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ISIS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19930328
</SEC-HEADER>
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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">Washington, D.C.&#160; 20549</div>

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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</div>

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            <div>Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</div>
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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

    <div style="text-align: left; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</div>

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            <div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Trading symbol</div>
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    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

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    <td style="width: 2%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</td>

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            <div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#8220;<ix:nonNumeric name="dei:TradingSymbol" id="Fact_0202b58578b8474d8def9a055b583288" contextRef="c20230927to20230927">IONS</ix:nonNumeric>&#8221;</div>
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    <div> <span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br />
      </span></div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (Section 230.405 of this chapter) or
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    <div style="text-align: right; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;&#160;Emerging growth company&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; &#160; &#160; <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" id="Fact_b4fa6054c4824931b9253cc1c1921623" contextRef="c20230927to20230927" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#x2610;</ix:nonNumeric></div>

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    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised
      financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> &#160; &#9744;</span></div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <br />
      </span></div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">
      <hr style="border: none; border-bottom: 4px solid black; border-top: 1px solid black; height: 10px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #ffffff; text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" />
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        <hr style="margin: 4px 0px; width: 100%; border-width: 0; height: 2px; color: #000000; background-color: #000000; clear: both;" /></div>

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    <td style="width: 63pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Item 1.01</td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold;">Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.</div>
          </td>

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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">On September 27, 2023, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. issued a press release announcing it has entered into an agreement with Roche for two early-stage programs for
      RNA-targeting investigational medicines for the treatment of Alzheimer&#8217;s disease and Huntington&#8217;s disease.</div>

    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">A copy of this press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report and incorporated herein by reference.</div>

    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

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    <td style="width: 63pt; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Item 9.01.</td>

    <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="font-weight: bold;">Financial Statements and Exhibits.</div>
          </td>

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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">(d) Exhibits.</div>

    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

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    <td style="width: 12%; vertical-align: bottom; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Exhibit No.</span></div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 88%; vertical-align: bottom; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Description</span></div>
          </td>

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    <td style="width: 12%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><a href="ef20011349_ex99-1.htm">99.1</a></div>
          </td>

    <td style="width: 88%; vertical-align: top; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Press Release dated September 27, 2023.</div>
          </td>

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    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: bold;">SIGNATURE</div>

    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#160;</div>

    <div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf
      by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.</div>

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            <div style="text-align: justify; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: bold;">Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</div>
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            <div style="text-align: justify;">Dated:&#160; September 27, 2023</div>
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            <div style="text-align: justify;">By:</div>
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    <td style="width: 47%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="text-align: justify;">/s/ Patrick R. O&#8217;Neil</div>
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    <td style="width: 47%; vertical-align: top; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">
            <div style="text-align: justify; font-variant: small-caps; font-weight: bold;">Patrick R. O&#8217;Neil</div>
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            <div style="text-align: justify;">Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and General Counsel</div>
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    <div style="text-align: right; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Exhibit 99.1</div>
    <div style="text-align: right; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;"> <font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
      </font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><img width="147" height="48" src="image01.jpg"></font></div>
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      </font></div>
    <div style="text-align: center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Ionis enters agreement with Roche for two novel RNA-targeted programs for Alzheimer&#8217;s disease and Huntington&#8217;s disease</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</div>
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          <td style="width: 18pt; vertical-align: top; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#9679;</td>
          <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="font-style: italic;">Roche gains exclusive worldwide rights to develop, manufacture and commercialize the investigational medicines discovered by Ionis</div>
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    </table>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</div>
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          <td style="width: auto; vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
            <div style="font-style: italic;">Ionis to receive a $60 million upfront payment</div>
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    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CARLSBAD, Calif.,</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Sept. 27, 2023</font><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> &#8211; </font><u><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</font></u><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> (Nasdaq: IONS)
        today announced that it has entered an agreement with Roche for two undisclosed early-stage programs for RNA-targeting investigational medicines for the treatment of Alzheimer&#8217;s disease (AD) and Huntington&#8217;s disease (HD). Roche gains exclusive
        worldwide rights and will be responsible for clinical development, manufacturing, and commercialization of the medicines if they receive regulatory approval. The companies will leverage Ionis&#8217; expertise discovering medicines that target the root
        cause of central nervous system diseases and Roche&#8217;s global experience developing and commercializing therapies for nervous system disorders.</font></div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">&#8220;We are excited to expand our partnership with Roche, a global leader in developing and delivering innovative treatments to patients,&#8221; said Brett P.
      Monia, Ph.D., Ionis&#8217; chief executive officer. &#8220;With this new collaboration, we are joining forces to accelerate the discovery and development of novel therapies for people living with Alzheimer&#8217;s disease and Huntington&#8217;s disease globally.
      Collaborating on these two programs enables Ionis to advance our wholly owned programs, including those in neurology, aligned with our strategic priorities.&#8221;</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
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    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#8220;Our lasting partnership with Ionis, a leader in RNA-targeted therapeutics, is a great
        example of two collaborators mutually benefiting from their relationship by complementing and learning from each other,&#8221; said James Sabry, Ph.D., Global Head of Roche Pharma Partnering. &#8220;By expanding our alliance, we bring together the companies&#8217;
        combined knowledge of the science in Alzheimer&#8217;s disease and Huntington&#8217;s disease with Roche&#8217;s proven capabilities in the development and commercialization of innovative treatments in neuroscience.&#8221;</font></div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Under terms of the agreement, Ionis will have responsibility to advance the two programs through pre-clinical studies; Roche will have sole
      responsibility for clinical development and, if approved, commercialization worldwide. Ionis will receive a $60 million upfront payment from Roche and is eligible to receive development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments, and tiered
      royalties.</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" class="BRPFPageBreakArea">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">1</font></div>
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    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">Ionis and Roche have been strong partners for the past 10 years, starting with their collaboration in 2013 for tominersen, an Ionis-discovered
      investigational medicine for HD. Tominersen, designed to reduce the production of all forms of the huntingtin protein, is currently being evaluated by Roche in a Phase 2 proof of concept study (GENERATION HD2) assessing safety, biomarker and efficacy
      trends in people with prodromal or early manifest HD. In addition to tominersen, both companies are working together on a pre-clinical stage mutant HTT selective antisense oligonucleotide for HD. The companies entered another collaboration in 2018 to
      develop IONIS-FB-L<sub style="vertical-align: bottom; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">Rx</sub> targeting Factor B for the treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and geographic atrophy (GA). IONIS-FB-L<sub style="vertical-align: bottom; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">Rx</sub> is currently in a Phase 2 study for GA, led by Ionis, and a Phase 3 study for IgAN led by Roche.</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">About Alzheimer&#8217;s Disease</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AD is the most common cause of dementia and, according to the World Health Organization, more than 55 million people have dementia worldwide<sup style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">1</sup>. During the course of the disease, protein plaques appear in the brain, leading to the death of brain cells. No single factor has been identified as the cause of Alzheimer&#8217;s disease.</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">About Huntington&#8217;s Disease</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">HD is a rare, genetic, neurodegenerative disease characterized by a triad of cognitive, behavioral, and motor symptoms leading to functional decline,
      progressive loss of independence, and impacting families across generations. It is caused by the expansion of the cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide sequence in the HTT gene. The resulting mutant HTT protein is toxic and gradually destroys
      neurons. Symptoms usually appear between the ages of 30 and 50 and worsen over a 10 to 25-year period. There is no effective treatment or cure for the disease and currently available medicines only mask the patient&#8217;s symptoms but do not slow down the
      underlying loss of neurons.</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">About Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">For more than 30 years, Ionis has been a leader in RNA-targeted therapy, pioneering new markets and changing standards of care. Ionis currently has
      four marketed medicines and a promising late-stage pipeline highlighted by cardiovascular and neurological franchises. Our scientific innovation began and continues with the knowledge that sick people depend on us, which fuels our vision to become
      the leader in genetic medicine, utilizing a multi-platform approach to discover, develop and deliver life-transforming therapies.</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">To learn more about Ionis visit </font><u><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">www.ionispharma.com</font></u><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> and follow us on Twitter @ionispharma.</font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <br>
      </font></div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;"><font style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </font>
      <hr noshade="noshade" align="left" style="background-color: #000000; border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0px auto 0px 0px; height: 2px; width: 20%; color: #000000; text-align: left;"></div>
    <div style="margin: 5pt 0px 0px; color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"><sup style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">1</sup> World Health Organization. Dementia.
      https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&#160;</div>
    <div style="clear: both; margin-top: 10pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;" class="BRPFPageBreakArea">
      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">2</font></div>
      <div style="page-break-after: always;" class="BRPFPageBreak">
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    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Ionis&#8217; Forward-looking Statements</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">This press release includes forward-looking statements regarding Ionis&#8217; business and the therapeutic and commercial potential of tominersen, Ionis&#8217;
      newly initiated programs for Alzheimer&#8217;s disease and Huntington&#8217;s disease, IONIS-FB-L<sub style="vertical-align: bottom; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">Rx</sub>, Ionis&#8217; technologies and other products in development. Any statement describing Ionis&#8217; goals, expectations, financial or other projections, intentions
      or beliefs is a forward-looking statement and should be considered an at-risk statement. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties including those related to our commercial products and the medicines in our pipeline, and
      particularly those inherent in the process of discovering, developing and commercializing medicines that are safe and effective for use as human therapeutics, and in the endeavor of building a business around such medicines. Ionis&#8217; forward-looking
      statements also involve assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove correct, could cause its results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Although Ionis&#8217; forward-looking statements reflect
      the good faith judgment of its management, these statements are based only on facts and factors currently known by Ionis. As a result, you are cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. These and other risks concerning Ionis&#8217; programs
      are described in additional detail in Ionis&#8217; annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2022, and the most recent Form 10-Q quarterly filing, which are on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Copies of these and other
      documents are available from the Company.</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">In this press release, unless the context requires otherwise, &#8220;Ionis,&#8221; &#8220;Company,&#8221; &#8220;we,&#8221; &#8220;our,&#8221; and &#8220;us&#8221; refers to Ionis Pharmaceuticals and its
      subsidiaries.</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Ionis Pharmaceuticals<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;">&#174;</sup> is a trademark of Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Ionis Investor Contact:</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">D. Wade Walke, Ph.D.</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">info@ionisph.com</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">760-603-2331</div>
    <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">Ionis Media Contact:</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">David Polk, J.D.</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">ionis_ca@ionisph.com</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;">760-603-4679</div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br>
    </div>
    <div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 10pt;"> <br>
    </div>
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      <div class="BRPFPageNumberArea" style="text-align: center;"><font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 8pt; color: #000000; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">3</font></div>
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        <link:definition>000100 - Document - Document and Entity Information</link:definition>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>ions-20230927_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
<!--Generated by Broadridge PROfile 23.9.1.5178 Broadridge-->
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="SolicitingMaterial" xlink:title="SolicitingMaterial" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:title="PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:title="PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
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    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:title="EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ions-20230927_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140427735185568">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Sep. 27, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Sep. 27,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">000-19125<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">IONIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000874015<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">33-0336973<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">2855 Gazelle Court<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Carlsbad<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">92010<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">760<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">931-9200<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, $.001 Par Value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">IONS<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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A.3(W7W!R92YX;6Q02P4&      4 !0!' 0  ;S4

end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
