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Stock-based Compensation Expense | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Stock-based Compensation Expense [Abstract] |
Stock-based Compensation Expense | 9. Stock-based Compensation Expense The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
|  | 2025 |  |  |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 2025 |  |  |  | 2024 |
Cost of sales | $ | 145 |  |  | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | 855 |  |  | $ | 609 |
Research, development and patent expense |  | 20,757 |  |  |  | 22,120 |  |  |  | 60,597 |  |  |  | 67,111 |
Selling, general and administrative expense |  | 10,244 |  |  |  | 9,705 |  |  |  | 29,102 |  |  |  | 26,332 |
Stock-based compensation expense, net of amounts capitalized |  | 31,146 |  |  |  | 31,984 |  |  |  | 90,554 |  |  |  | 94,052 |
Capitalized stock-based compensation expense |  | 435 |  |  |  | 506 |  |  |  | 1,435 |  |  |  | 506 |
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 31,581 |  |  | $ | 32,490 |  |  | $ | 91,989 |  |  | $ | 94,558 |
As of September 30, 2025, total unrecognized estimated stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock options, RSUs and PRSUs was $37.2 million, $88.1 million and $13.0 million, respectively. Our actual expenses will likely differ from these estimates because we will adjust our unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for future forfeitures, including any PRSUs that do not vest. We expect to recognize the cost of stock-based compensation expense related to our non-vested stock options, RSUs and PRSUs over a weighted average amortization period of 1.2 years, 1.5 years and 1.4 years, respectively. Refer to Part IV, Item 15, Note 1, Organization and Significant Accounting Policies, of our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for further details on how we determine the fair value of stock options granted, RSUs, PRSUs and stock purchase rights under the ESPP. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we used the following weighted-average assumptions in our Black-Scholes calculations: Employee Stock Options:
| Nine Months Ended
| September 30,
|  | 2025 |  |  |  | 2024 |
Risk-free interest rate |  | 4.4 | % |  |  | 4.1 | %
Dividend yield |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 0.0 | %
Volatility |  | 42.1 | % |  |  | 43.8 | %
Expected life |  | 6.3 years |  |  |  | 6.3 years |
Board of Director Stock Options:
| Nine Months Ended
| September 30,
|  | 2025 |  |  |  | 2024 |
Risk-free interest rate |  | 4.0 | % |  |  | 4.5 | %
Dividend yield |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 0.0 | %
Volatility |  | 43.0 | % |  |  | 49.8 | %
Expected life |  | 7.4 years |  |  |  | 7.5 years |
ESPP:
| Nine Months Ended
| September 30,
|  | 2025 |  |  |  | 2024 |
Risk-free interest rate |  | 4.2 | % |  |  | 5.2 | %
Dividend yield |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 0.0 | %
Volatility |  | 48.2 | % |  |  | 37.8 | %
Expected life |  | 6 months |  |  |  | 6 months |
Stock Options: The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted to employees for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $17.21 and $24.73 per share, respectively. The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted to non-employee directors for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $20.86 and $27.47 per share, respectively. RSUs: The weighted-average grant date fair value of RSUs granted to employees for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $33.78 and $52.08 per share, respectively. PRSUs: Under the terms of the PRSUs we granted in 2025 and 2024, the PRSUs may vest at the end of the three-year performance period based on our relative total shareholder return, or TSR, as compared to a peer group of companies and as measured at the end of the performance period. Under the terms of the grants, no number of PRSUs is guaranteed to vest and the actual number of PRSUs that will vest at the end of each performance period may be anywhere from zero to 200 percent of the target number depending on our relative TSR. The weighted-average grant date fair value of PRSUs we granted to our executive officers for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $48.81 and $78.41 per share, respectively.

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