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Revenue Recognition
 12 Months Ended
Oct. 02, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Recognition REVENUE RECOGNITION:
The Company generates revenue through sales of food, facility and uniform services to customers based on written contracts at the locations it serves. Within the FSS United States and FSS International segments, the Company provides food and beverage services, including catering and retail services, or facilities services, including plant operations and maintenance, custodial, housekeeping, landscaping and other services. Within the Uniform segment, the Company provides a full service uniform solution, including delivery, cleaning and maintenance. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company accounts for a customer contract when both parties have approved the arrangement and are committed to perform their respective obligations, each party's rights can be identified, payment terms can be identified, the contract has commercial substance and it is probable the Company will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it is entitled. Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of the promised product or service to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods and services.
Performance Obligations
The Company recognizes revenue when its performance obligation is satisfied. Each contract generally has one performance obligation, which is satisfied over time. The Company primarily accounts for its performance obligations under the series guidance, using the as-invoiced practical expedient when applicable. The Company applies the right to invoice practical expedient to record revenue as the services are provided, given the nature of the services provided and the frequency of billing under the customer contracts. Under this practical expedient, the Company recognizes revenue in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the Company’s performance completed to date and for which the Company has the right to invoice the customer. Certain arrangements include performance obligations which include variable consideration (primarily per transaction fees). For these arrangements, the Company does not need to estimate the variable consideration for the contract and allocate to the entire performance obligation; therefore, the variable fees are recognized in the period they are earned.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table presents revenue disaggregated by revenue source (in millions):
Fiscal Year Ended
October 2, 2020(1)
September 27, 2019
FSS United States:
    Business & Industry$1,097.3 $1,587.0 
    Education2,416.4 3,228.8 
    Healthcare824.6 933.5 
    Sports, Leisure & Corrections1,535.8 2,557.5 
    Facilities & Other1,492.6 1,591.8 
         Total FSS United States7,366.7 9,898.6 
FSS International:
    Europe1,473.5 2,044.4 
    Rest of World1,472.3 1,698.5 
          Total FSS International2,945.8 3,742.9 
Uniform2,517.1 2,585.8 
Total Revenue$12,829.6 $16,227.3 
(1)Fiscal 2020 revenue negatively impacted by COVID-19.
Contract Balances
The Company defers sales commissions earned by its sales force that are considered to be incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract tied to its food, facilities and uniform services. The deferred costs are amortized using the portfolio approach on a straight line basis over the average period of benefit, approximately 8.2 years, and are assessed for impairment on a periodic basis. Determination of the amortization period and the subsequent assessment for impairment of the contract cost asset requires judgment. Employee sales commissions are recorded within "Other Assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (see Note 1).
Leasehold improvements and costs to fulfill contracts include payments made by the Company to enhance the service resources used by the Company to satisfy its performance obligation. These amounts are amortized over the contract period. If a contract is terminated prior to its maturity date, the Company is typically reimbursed for the unamortized amount. As of October 2, 2020 and September 27, 2019, the Company had $776.1 million and $785.4 million of leasehold improvements capitalized in "Property and equipment, net" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cost to fulfill - Client is recorded within "Other Assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (see Note 1).
Long-term prepaid rent is amortized over the contract period. If a contract is terminated prior to its maturity date, the Company is typically reimbursed for the unamortized amount. Due to the Company's adoption of ASC 842, in fiscal 2020, all long-term prepaid rent balances were reclassified to "Operating Lease Right-of use Assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (see Notes 1 and 8).
Other costs to fulfill contracts represent personalized work apparel, linens and other rental items in service in the Uniform segment. The amounts are recorded at cost and are amortized over their estimated useful lives, which primarily range from one to four years. The amortization rates used are based on the Company's specific experience. Cost to fulfill - Rental merchandise in-service are recorded within "Other Assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (see Note 1).
The following table summarizes the location of the expense recorded in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income related to the Company's contract balances (in millions):
Fiscal Year Ended
Income Statement LocationOctober 2, 2020September 27, 2019
Employee sales commissionsCost of services provided$21.8 $20.0 
Leasehold improvementsDepreciation and amortization160.8 149.0 
Cost to fulfill - ClientDepreciation and amortization20.8 20.5 
Long-term prepaid rentCost of services provided23.1 16.0 
Cost to fulfill - Rental merchandise in-serviceCost of services provided325.7 318.2 
Deferred income is recognized in "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets when the Company has received consideration, or has the right to receive consideration, in advance of the transfer of the performance obligation of the contract to the customer, primarily prepaid meal plans. The consideration received remains a liability until the goods or services have been provided to the customer. The Company classifies deferred income as current as the arrangement is short term in nature. If the Company cannot render its performance obligation according to contract terms after receiving the consideration in advance, amounts may be required contractually to be refunded to the customer.
During the fiscal year ended October 2, 2020, deferred income increased related to customer prepayments and decreased related to income recognized during the period as a result of satisfying the performance obligation or return of funds related to non-performance. For the fiscal year ended October 2, 2020, the Company recognized $280.1 million of revenue that was included in deferred income at the beginning of the period. Deferred income balances are summarized in the following table (in millions):
October 2, 2020September 27, 2019
Deferred income(1)
$263.8 $319.0 
(1)
Due to the impact of COVID-19, the Company refunded approximately $49.2 million of advanced payments for meal plans back to its clients during fiscal 2020.