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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q

| ☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021
or

| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 1-6686
THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 13-1024020
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

909 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10022
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(212)704-1200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.10 per share | IPG | The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated Filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated Filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller Reporting Company |  | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging Growth Company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ý
The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of July 15, 2021 was 393,620,225.

INDEX

| Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
| Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 3 0, 2021 and 2020 | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 3 0, 2021 and 2020 | 4
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 3 0, 2021 and December 31, 2020 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 3 0, 2021 and 2020 | 6
| Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 3 0, 2021 and 2020 | 7
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 25
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 44
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 44
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 45
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 45
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 45
Item 6. | Exhibits | 45
INDEX TO EXHIBITS | 46
SIGNATURES | 47

1

INFORMATION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING DISCLOSURE
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. Statements in this report that are not historical facts, including statements about management’s beliefs and expectations, constitute forward-looking statements. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “would,” “estimate,” “continue” or comparable terminology are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current plans, estimates and projections, and are subject to change based on a number of factors, including those outlined under Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update publicly any of them in light of new information or future events.
Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. A number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
•the effects of a challenging economy on the demand for our advertising and marketing services, on our clients’ financial condition and on our business or financial condition;
•the impacts of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the measures to contain its spread, including social distancing efforts and restrictions on businesses, social activities and travel, any failure to realize anticipated benefits from the rollout of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns and the resulting impact on the economy, our clients and demand for our services, which may precipitate or exacerbate other risks and uncertainties;
•our ability to attract new clients and retain existing clients;
•our ability to retain and attract key employees;
•risks associated with assumptions we make in connection with our critical accounting estimates, including changes in assumptions associated with any effects of a weakened economy;
•potential adverse effects if we are required to recognize impairment charges or other adverse accounting-related developments;
•risks associated with the effects of global, national and regional economic and political conditions, including counterparty risks and fluctuations in economic growth rates, interest rates and currency exchange rates;
•developments from changes in the regulatory and legal environment for advertising and marketing and communications services companies around the world, including laws and regulations related to data protection and consumer privacy; and
•failure to fully realize the anticipated benefits of our 2020 restructuring actions and other cost-savings initiatives.
Investors should carefully consider these factors and the additional risk factors outlined in more detail under Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.
2

Table of Contents
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited)

THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
REVENUE: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenue | $ | 2,269.6 |  |  | $ | 1,853.4 |  |  | $ | 4,297.3 |  |  | $ | 3,825.5 |
Billable expenses | 240.0 |  |  | 172.3 |  |  | 469.3 |  |  | 560.0 |
Total revenue | 2,509.6 |  |  | 2,025.7 |  |  | 4,766.6 |  |  | 4,385.5 |
OPERATING EXPENSES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and related expenses | 1,484.9 |  |  | 1,306.1 |  |  | 2,878.0 |  |  | 2,728.9 |
Office and other direct expenses | 301.0 |  |  | 317.0 |  |  | 593.9 |  |  | 695.2 |
Billable expenses | 240.0 |  |  | 172.3 |  |  | 469.3 |  |  | 560.0 |
Cost of services | 2,025.9 |  |  | 1,795.4 |  |  | 3,941.2 |  |  | 3,984.1 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 29.4 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 57.6 |  |  | 26.5 |
Depreciation and amortization | 70.1 |  |  | 73.1 |  |  | 139.3 |  |  | 145.9 |
Restructuring charges | (0.2) |  |  | 112.6 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 112.6 |
Total operating expenses | 2,125.2 |  |  | 1,985.2 |  |  | 4,139.2 |  |  | 4,269.1 |
OPERATING INCOME | 384.4 |  |  | 40.5 |  |  | 627.4 |  |  | 116.4 |
EXPENSES AND OTHER INCOME: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (42.6) |  |  | (49.8) |  |  | (92.2) |  |  | (94.6) |
Interest income | 7.6 |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | 14.5 |  |  | 16.6 |
Other income (expense), net | 4.7 |  |  | (21.5) |  |  | (79.2) |  |  | (43.3) |
Total (expenses) and other income | (30.3) |  |  | (65.4) |  |  | (156.9) |  |  | (121.3) |
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | 354.1 |  |  | (24.9) |  |  | 470.5 |  |  | (4.9) |
Provision for income taxes | 86.7 |  |  | 19.0 |  |  | 110.5 |  |  | 36.2 |
INCOME (LOSS) OF CONSOLIDATED COMPANIES | 267.4 |  |  | (43.9) |  |  | 360.0 |  |  | (41.1) |
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates | 0.4 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | (0.2) |
NET INCOME (LOSS) | 267.8 |  |  | (43.9) |  |  | 360.2 |  |  | (41.3) |
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (4.5) |  |  | (1.7) |  |  | (5.2) |  |  | 0.4 |
NET INCOME (LOSS) AVAILABLE TO IPG COMMON STOCKHOLDERS | $ | 263.3 |  |  | $ | (45.6) |  |  | $ | 355.0 |  |  | $ | (40.9) |
Earnings (Loss) per share available to IPG common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | (0.12) |  |  | $ | 0.90 |  |  | $ | (0.11) |
Diluted | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | (0.12) |  |  | $ | 0.89 |  |  | $ | (0.11) |
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 393.3 |  | 389.4 |  | 392.4 |  | 388.5
Diluted | 399.0 |  | 389.4 |  | 397.6 |  | 388.5

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Amounts in Millions)
(Unaudited)

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
NET INCOME (LOSS) | $ | 267.8 |  |  | $ | (43.9) |  |  | $ | 360.2 |  |  | $ | (41.3) |
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 16.6 |  |  | 42.8 |  |  | (24.4) |  |  | (104.8) |
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income | (2.2) |  |  | 3.3 |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | (0.3) |
| 14.4 |  |  | 46.1 |  |  | (25.9) |  |  | (105.1) |
Derivative instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in fair value of derivative instruments | (6.4) |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | 14.9 |  |  | (0.9) |
Recognition of previously unrealized net (gain) loss in net income | (0.3) |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 4.9 |  |  | 1.2 |
Income tax effect | 1.6 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | (2.6) |  |  | (0.1) |
| (5.1) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 17.2 |  |  | 0.2 |
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial (loss) gains for the period | (1.2) |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | (1.2) |  |  | 2.2 |
Amortization of unrecognized losses, transition obligation and prior service cost included in net income | 2.5 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | 3.7 |
Other | 0.1 |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | (1.4) |
Income tax effect | (0.6) |  |  | (0.9) |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | (1.2) |
| 0.8 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 3.3 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 10.1 |  |  | 49.2 |  |  | (6.1) |  |  | (101.6) |
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | 277.9 |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | 354.1 |  |  | (142.9) |
Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 4.6 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 5.2 |  |  | (2.9) |
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO IPG | $ | 273.3 |  |  | $ | 4.0 |  |  | $ | 348.9 |  |  | $ | (140.0) |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.
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THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in Millions)
(Unaudited)

| June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
ASSETS: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,340.6 |  |  | $ | 2,509.0 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $90.2 and $98.3, respectively | 3,893.6 |  |  | 4,646.4 |
Accounts receivable, billable to clients | 2,043.4 |  |  | 1,820.7 |
Assets held for sale | 4.6 |  |  | 0.8 |
Other current assets | 500.3 |  |  | 390.7 |
Total current assets | 8,782.5 |  |  | 9,367.6 |
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $1,197.5 and $1,133.9, respectively | 658.2 |  |  | 690.3 |
Deferred income taxes | 296.6 |  |  | 302.0 |
Goodwill | 4,944.3 |  |  | 4,945.5 |
Other intangible assets | 892.7 |  |  | 933.6 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 1,336.3 |  |  | 1,379.3 |
Other non-current assets | 411.1 |  |  | 424.4 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 17,321.7 |  |  | $ | 18,042.7 |
LIABILITIES: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 6,605.9 |  |  | $ | 7,269.7 |
Accrued liabilities | 679.8 |  |  | 832.4 |
Contract liabilities | 678.5 |  |  | 657.8 |
Short-term borrowings | 56.7 |  |  | 48.0 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 503.1 |  |  | 502.5 |
Current portion of operating leases | 267.9 |  |  | 268.5 |
Liabilities held for sale | 4.8 |  |  | 1.6 |
Total current liabilities | 8,796.7 |  |  | 9,580.5 |
Long-term debt | 2,907.9 |  |  | 2,915.8 |
Non-current operating leases | 1,379.5 |  |  | 1,441.0 |
Deferred compensation | 382.6 |  |  | 413.2 |
Other non-current liabilities | 671.5 |  |  | 655.2 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES | 14,138.2 |  |  | 15,005.7 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests (see Note 5) | 72.2 |  |  | 93.1 |
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: |  |  |
Common stock | 39.3 |  |  | 39.0 |
Additional paid-in capital | 1,132.4 |  |  | 1,099.3 |
Retained earnings | 2,777.5 |  |  | 2,636.9 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | (886.3) |  |  | (880.2) |
Total IPG stockholders’ equity | 3,062.9 |  |  | 2,895.0 |
Noncontrolling interests | 48.4 |  |  | 48.9 |
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | 3,111.3 |  |  | 2,943.9 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | $ | 17,321.7 |  |  | $ | 18,042.7 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.
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THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in Millions)
(Unaudited)

| Six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 360.2 |  |  | $ | (41.3) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 139.3 |  |  | 145.9 |
Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 74.0 |  |  | — |
Deferred income tax | 46.6 |  |  | (21.1) |
Amortization of restricted stock and other non-cash compensation | 42.2 |  |  | 35.8 |
Net losses on sales of businesses | 14.2 |  |  | 43.2 |
Net amortization of bond discounts and deferred financing costs | 3.8 |  |  | 5.3 |
Non-cash restructuring charges | (0.9) |  |  | 67.6 |
(Reversal of) Provision for uncollectible receivables | (3.2) |  |  | 39.4 |
Other | 6.8 |  |  | 11.6 |
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures, providing (using) cash: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 714.9 |  |  | 1,871.2 |
Accounts receivable, billable to clients | (235.2) |  |  | 418.9 |
Other current assets | (97.1) |  |  | (75.0) |
Accounts payable | (615.4) |  |  | (2,731.4) |
Accrued liabilities | (184.5) |  |  | (109.4) |
Contract liabilities | 22.0 |  |  | (10.8) |
Other non-current assets and liabilities | (69.3) |  |  | (14.1) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 218.4 |  |  | (364.2) |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (62.1) |  |  | (71.9) |
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | — |  |  | (2.5) |
Net proceeds from investments | 28.8 |  |  | 1.7 |
Other investing activities | (9.8) |  |  | (20.6) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (43.1) |  |  | (93.3) |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Early extinguishment of long-term debt | (1,066.8) |  |  | — |
Common stock dividends | (215.2) |  |  | (199.2) |
Tax payments for employee shares withheld | (24.0) |  |  | (21.8) |
Acquisition-related payments | (12.3) |  |  | (32.3) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | (6.9) |  |  | (9.4) |
Proceeds from long-term debt | 998.1 |  |  | 646.2 |
Net increase in short-term borrowings | 15.8 |  |  | 2.5 |
Exercise of stock options | 8.0 |  |  | 0.0 |
Other financing activities | (11.2) |  |  | (8.3) |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (314.5) |  |  | 377.7 |
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (27.9) |  |  | (28.9) |
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (167.1) |  |  | (108.7) |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 2,511.5 |  |  | 1,195.7 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 2,344.4 |  |  | $ | 1,087.0 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.
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THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Amounts in Millions)
(Unaudited)

| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax |  |  |  | Total IPG Stockholders’ Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |
Balance at March 31, 2021 | 393.2 |  |  | $ | 39.3 |  |  | $ | 1,107.9 |  |  | $ | 2,623.1 |  |  | $ | (896.3) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,874.0 |  |  | $ | 47.6 |  |  | $ | 2,921.6 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 263.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 263.3 |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 267.8 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10.0 |  |  |  |  | 10.0 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 10.1 |
Reclassifications related to redeemable noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | (0.4) |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3.5) |  |  | (3.5) |
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1.7) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1.7) |  |  |  |  | (1.7) |
Common stock dividends ($0.270 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (107.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (107.2) |  |  |  |  | (107.2) |
Stock-based compensation | 0.3 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 25.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25.7 |  |  |  |  | 25.7 |
Exercise of stock options | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  |  | 0.1 |
Shares withheld for taxes | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | (1.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1.3) |  |  |  |  | (1.3) |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Balance at June 30, 2021 | 393.5 |  |  | $ | 39.3 |  |  | $ | 1,132.4 |  |  | $ | 2,777.5 |  |  | $ | (886.3) |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,062.9 |  |  | $ | 48.4 |  |  | $ | 3,111.3 |

| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax |  |  |  | Total IPG Stockholders’ Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |
Balance at December 31, 2020 | 390.9 |  |  | $ | 39.0 |  |  | $ | 1,099.3 |  |  | $ | 2,636.9 |  |  | $ | (880.2) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,895.0 |  |  | $ | 48.9 |  |  | $ | 2,943.9 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 355.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 355.0 |  |  | 5.2 |  |  | 360.2 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6.1) |  |  |  |  | (6.1) |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | (6.1) |
Reclassifications related to redeemable noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.6 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6.8) |  |  | (6.8) |
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.7) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.7) |  |  |  |  | (0.7) |
Common stock dividends ($0.540 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (213.7) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (213.7) |  |  |  |  | (213.7) |
Stock-based compensation | 2.9 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 49.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 49.4 |  |  |  |  | 49.4 |
Exercise of stock options | 0.6 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 8.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8.4 |  |  |  |  | 8.4 |
Shares withheld for taxes | (0.9) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (24.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (24.4) |  |  |  |  | (24.4) |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.5 |
Balance at June 30, 2021 | 393.5 |  |  | $ | 39.3 |  |  | $ | 1,132.4 |  |  | $ | 2,777.5 |  |  | $ | (886.3) |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,062.9 |  |  | $ | 48.4 |  |  | $ | 3,111.3 |

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| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax |  |  |  | Total IPG Stockholders’ Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |
Balance at March 31, 2020 | 389.5 |  |  | $ | 38.9 |  |  | $ | 981.2 |  |  | $ | 2,591.1 |  |  | $ | (1,078.7) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,532.5 |  |  | $ | 42.7 |  |  | $ | 2,575.2 |
Net (loss) income |  |  |  |  |  |  | (45.6) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (45.6) |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | (43.9) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 49.6 |  |  |  |  | 49.6 |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | 49.2 |
Reclassifications related to redeemable noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3.8) |  |  | (3.8) |
Common stock dividends ($0.255 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (101.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (101.2) |  |  |  |  | (101.2) |
Stock-based compensation | 0.2 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 15.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15.6 |  |  |  |  | 15.6 |
Exercise of stock options | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Shares withheld for taxes | (0.1) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (0.6) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.7) |  |  |  |  | (0.7) |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |
Balance at June 30, 2020 | 389.6 |  |  | $ | 38.9 |  |  | $ | 996.3 |  |  | $ | 2,444.3 |  |  | $ | (1,029.1) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,450.4 |  |  | $ | 40.7 |  |  | $ | 2,491.1 |

| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax |  |  |  | Total IPG Stockholders’ Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |
Balance at December 31, 2019 | 387.0 |  |  | $ | 38.7 |  |  | $ | 977.3 |  |  | $ | 2,689.9 |  |  | $ | (930.0) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,775.9 |  |  | $ | 49.7 |  |  | $ | 2,825.6 |
Cumulative effect of accounting change |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6.6) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6.6) |  |  |  |  | (6.6) |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  | (40.9) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (40.9) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | (41.3) |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (99.1) |  |  |  |  | (99.1) |  |  | (2.5) |  |  | (101.6) |
Reclassifications related to redeemable noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 3.0 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9.4) |  |  | (9.4) |
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.1 |  |  |  |  | 3.1 |
Common stock dividends ($0.510 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (201.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (201.2) |  |  |  |  | (201.2) |
Stock-based compensation | 3.6 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 40.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 41.0 |  |  |  |  | 41.0 |
Exercise of stock options | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  |  | 0.4 |
Shares withheld for taxes | (1.0) |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | (22.0) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (22.2) |  |  |  |  | (22.2) |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |
Balance at June 30, 2020 | 389.6 |  |  | $ | 38.9 |  |  | $ | 996.3 |  |  | $ | 2,444.3 |  |  | $ | (1,029.1) |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,450.4 |  |  | $ | 40.7 |  |  | $ | 2,491.1 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Note 1: Basis of Presentation
The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company,” “IPG,” “we,” “us” or “our”) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for reporting interim financial information on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include certain information and disclosures required for complete financial statements. The effects of the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic have impacted and will likely continue to impact our results of operations, cash flows and financial position. The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements presented herein reflect the latest estimates and assumptions made by management that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosures as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods presented. The Company believes it has used reasonable estimates and assumptions to assess the fair values of goodwill, long-lived assets and indefinite-lived intangible assets; assessment of the annual effective tax rate; valuation of deferred income taxes and allowance for expected credit losses on future uncollectible accounts receivable.
Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions. The consolidated results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year and should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the “2020 Annual Report”).
Cost of services is comprised of the expenses of our revenue-producing reportable segments, Integrated Agency Networks (“IAN”) and IPG DXTRA (“DXTRA”), including salaries and related expenses, office and other direct expenses and billable expenses, and includes an allocation of the centrally managed expenses from our "Corporate and Other" group. Office and other direct expenses include rent expense, professional fees, certain expenses incurred by our staff in servicing our clients and other costs directly attributable to client engagements.
Selling, general and administrative expenses are primarily the unallocated expenses from Corporate and Other, excluding depreciation and amortization.
Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets and intangible assets of the Company is disclosed as a separate operating expense.
Restructuring charges in 2021 consist of adjustments to the Company's restructuring actions taken during 2020 to lower our operating expenses structurally and permanently relative to revenue and to accelerate the transformation of our business, as discussed further in Note 7. Restructuring charges mainly include severance and termination costs and lease impairment costs.
In the opinion of management, these unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the information for each period contained therein. Certain reclassifications and immaterial changes have been made to prior-period financial statements to conform to the current-period presentation.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Note 2: Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue
We have two reportable segments as of June 30, 2021: IAN and DXTRA, as further discussed in Note 11. IAN principally generates revenue from providing advertising and media services as well as a comprehensive array of global communications, marketing services and data management. DXTRA generates revenue from a comprehensive array of global public relations and communication services as well as providing events, sports and entertainment marketing, corporate and brand identity, and strategic marketing consulting.
Our agencies are located in over 100 countries, including every significant world market. Our geographic revenue breakdown is listed below.

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
Total revenue: | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
United States | $ | 1,557.9 |  |  | $ | 1,309.6 |  |  | $ | 2,983.7 |  |  | $ | 2,879.2 |
International: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United Kingdom | 209.6 |  |  | 159.3 |  |  | 413.1 |  |  | 356.4 |
Continental Europe | 229.8 |  |  | 164.2 |  |  | 425.4 |  |  | 334.0 |
Asia Pacific | 233.2 |  |  | 200.4 |  |  | 444.1 |  |  | 411.8 |
Latin America | 104.4 |  |  | 65.7 |  |  | 188.0 |  |  | 152.5 |
Other | 174.7 |  |  | 126.5 |  |  | 312.3 |  |  | 251.6 |
Total International | 951.7 |  |  | 716.1 |  |  | 1,782.9 |  |  | 1,506.3 |
Total Consolidated | $ | 2,509.6 |  |  | $ | 2,025.7 |  |  | $ | 4,766.6 |  |  | $ | 4,385.5 |

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
Net revenue: | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
United States | $ | 1,435.5 |  |  | $ | 1,227.2 |  |  | $ | 2,745.3 |  |  | $ | 2,547.2 |
International: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United Kingdom | 194.6 |  |  | 147.2 |  |  | 378.6 |  |  | 312.9 |
Continental Europe | 205.5 |  |  | 149.7 |  |  | 381.3 |  |  | 295.7 |
Asia Pacific | 192.5 |  |  | 162.6 |  |  | 361.6 |  |  | 321.4 |
Latin America | 96.9 |  |  | 62.3 |  |  | 172.3 |  |  | 141.6 |
Other | 144.6 |  |  | 104.4 |  |  | 258.2 |  |  | 206.7 |
Total International | 834.1 |  |  | 626.2 |  |  | 1,552.0 |  |  | 1,278.3 |
Total Consolidated | $ | 2,269.6 |  |  | $ | 1,853.4 |  |  | $ | 4,297.3 |  |  | $ | 3,825.5 |

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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)

IAN | Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
Total revenue: | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
United States | $ | 1,267.3 |  |  | $ | 1,078.9 |  |  | $ | 2,425.2 |  |  | $ | 2,272.2 |
International | 810.5 |  |  | 593.6 |  |  | 1,504.0 |  |  | 1,219.1 |
Total IAN | $ | 2,077.8 |  |  | $ | 1,672.5 |  |  | $ | 3,929.2 |  |  | $ | 3,491.3 |
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 1,225.3 |  |  | $ | 1,048.4 |  |  | $ | 2,338.8 |  |  | $ | 2,160.3 |
International | 729.2 |  |  | 537.3 |  |  | 1,349.8 |  |  | 1,089.9 |
Total IAN | $ | 1,954.5 |  |  | $ | 1,585.7 |  |  | $ | 3,688.6 |  |  | $ | 3,250.2 |

DXTRA | Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
Total revenue: | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
United States | $ | 290.6 |  |  | $ | 230.7 |  |  | $ | 558.5 |  |  | $ | 607.0 |
International | 141.2 |  |  | 122.5 |  |  | 278.9 |  |  | 287.2 |
Total DXTRA | $ | 431.8 |  |  | $ | 353.2 |  |  | $ | 837.4 |  |  | $ | 894.2 |
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 210.2 |  |  | $ | 178.8 |  |  | $ | 406.5 |  |  | $ | 386.9 |
International | 104.9 |  |  | 88.9 |  |  | 202.2 |  |  | 188.4 |
Total DXTRA | $ | 315.1 |  |  | $ | 267.7 |  |  | $ | 608.7 |  |  | $ | 575.3 |

Contract Balances
The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.

| June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $90.2 and $98.3, respectively | $ | 3,893.6 |  |  | $ | 4,646.4 |
Accounts receivable, billable to clients | 2,043.4 |  |  | 1,820.7 |
Contract assets | 39.4 |  |  | 51.8 |
Contract liabilities (deferred revenue) | 678.5 |  |  | 657.8 |

Contract assets are primarily comprised of contract incentives that are generally satisfied annually under the terms of our contracts and are transferred to accounts receivable when the right to payment becomes unconditional. Contract liabilities relate to advance consideration received from customers under the terms of our contracts primarily related to reimbursements of third-party expenses, whether we act as principal or agent, and to a lesser extent, periodic retainer fees, both of which are generally recognized shortly after billing.
The majority of our contracts are for periods of one year or less with the exception of our data management contracts. For those contracts with a term of more than one year, we had approximately $640.6 of unsatisfied performance obligations as of June 30, 2021, which will be recognized as services are performed over the remaining contractual terms through 2027.
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Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Note 3: Debt and Credit Arrangements
Long-Term Debt
A summary of the carrying amounts of our long-term debt is listed below.

| Effective Interest Rate |  | June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
3.750% Senior Notes due 2021 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $0.0 and $0.3, respectively) | 3.980% |  | $ | 499.7 |  |  | $ | 499.1 |
4.000% Senior Notes due 2022 | 4.130% |  | — |  |  | 249.3 |
3.750% Senior Notes due 2023 | 4.320% |  | — |  |  | 498.8 |
4.200% Senior Notes due 2024 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $0.1 and $0.6, respectively) | 4.240% |  | 249.3 |  |  | 498.3 |
4.650% Senior Notes due 2028 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $1.3 and $3.2, respectively) | 4.780% |  | 495.5 |  |  | 495.2 |
4.750% Senior Notes due 2030 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $3.4 and $5.4, respectively) | 4.920% |  | 641.2 |  |  | 640.8 |
2.400% Senior Notes due 2031 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $0.8 and $4.5, respectively) | 2.512% |  | 494.7 |  |  | — |
3.375% Senior Notes due 2041 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $1.1 and $5.7, respectively) | 3.448% |  | 493.2 |  |  | — |
5.400% Senior Notes due 2048 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $2.7 and $5.1, respectively) | 5.480% |  | 492.2 |  |  | 492.1 |
Other notes payable and capitalized leases |  |  | 45.2 |  |  | 44.7 |
Total long-term debt |  |  | 3,411.0 |  |  | 3,418.3 |
Less: current portion |  |  | 503.1 |  |  | 502.5 |
Long-term debt, excluding current portion |  |  | $ | 2,907.9 |  |  | $ | 2,915.8 |

As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the estimated fair value of the Company's long-term debt was $3,862.1 and $3,995.0, respectively. Refer to Note 12 for details.
Debt Transactions
2.400% Senior Notes due 2031
On February 25, 2021, we issued a total of $500.0 in aggregate principal amount of 2.400% unsecured senior notes (the “2.400% Senior Notes”) due March 1, 2031. Upon issuance, the 2.400% Senior Notes were reflected in our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets at $494.5, net of discount of $0.8 and net of capitalized debt issuance costs, including commissions and offering expenses of $4.7, both of which will be amortized in interest expense through the maturity date using the effective interest method. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1st and September 1st of each year, commencing on September 1, 2021.
3.375% Senior Notes due 2041
On February 25, 2021, we issued a total of $500.0 in aggregate principal amount of 3.375% unsecured senior notes (the “3.375% Senior Notes”) due March 1, 2041. Upon issuance, the 3.375% Senior Notes were reflected in our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets at $493.1, net of discount of $1.1 and net of capitalized debt issuance costs, including commissions and offering expenses of $5.8, both of which will be amortized in interest expense through the maturity date using the effective interest method. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1st and September 1st of each year, commencing on September 1, 2021.
12

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Consistent with our other outstanding debt securities, the newly issued 2.400% and 3.375% Senior Notes include covenants that, among other things, limit our liens and the liens of certain of our consolidated subsidiaries, but do not require us to maintain any financial ratios or specified levels of net worth or liquidity. We may redeem the 2.400% and 3.375% Senior Notes at any time in whole, or from time to time in part, in accordance with the provisions of the indenture, including the applicable supplemental indentures, which contain make-whole provisions, under which the 2.400% and 3.375% Senior Notes were issued. Additionally, upon the occurrence of a change of control repurchase event with respect to the 2.400% and 3.375% Senior Notes, each holder of the 2.400% and 3.375% Senior Notes has the right to require the Company to purchase that holder’s 2.400% and 3.375% Senior Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, unless the Company has exercised its option to redeem all the 2.400% and 3.375% Senior Notes. The proceeds of the 2.400% and 3.375% Senior Notes were used in funding the early extinguishment of certain of our Senior Notes.
4.000% Senior Notes due 2022
In March 2021, we redeemed all $250.0 in aggregate principal amount of the 4.000% unsecured senior notes due 2022 (the "4.000% Senior Notes"). Total cash paid to redeem the 4.000% Senior Notes was $258.9. In connection with the redemption of the 4.000% Senior Notes, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $9.2, which included a redemption premium of $8.6 and the write-off of the remaining unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $0.6. The loss on early extinguishment of debt was recorded in O ther expense, net within our unaudited Consolidated Statement of Operations.
3.750% Senior Notes due 2023
In March 2021, we redeemed all $500.0 in aggregate principal amount of the 3.750% unsecured senior notes due 2023 (the "3.750% Senior Notes"). Total cash paid to redeem the 3.750% Senior Notes was $532.9. In connection with the redemption of the 3.750% Senior Notes, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $36.5, which included a redemption premium of $30.7, the write-off of the remaining unamortized discount and debt issuance costs of $1.1 and a related deferred loss in other comprehensive income of $4.7. The loss on early extinguishment of debt was recorded in O ther expense, net within our unaudited Consolidated Statement of Operations.
4.200% Senior Notes due 2024
In March 2021, we redeemed $250.0 of the $500.0 in aggregate principal amount of the 4.200% unsecured senior notes due 2024 (the "4.200% Senior Notes"). Total cash paid to redeem the 4.200% Senior Notes was $282.2. In connection with the redemption of the 4.200% Senior Notes, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $28.3, which included a redemption premium of $27.5, and the write-off of half of the remaining unamortized discount and unamortized debt issuance costs of $0.8. The loss on early extinguishment of debt was recorded in O ther expense, net within our unaudited Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Credit Arrangements
Credit Agreement
We maintain a committed corporate credit facility, originally dated as of July 18, 2008, which has been amended and restated from time to time (the "Credit Agreement"). We use our Credit Agreement to increase our financial flexibility, to provide letters of credit primarily to support obligations of our subsidiaries and to support our commercial paper program. The Credit Agreement is a revolving facility, expiring in November 2024, under which amounts borrowed by us or any of our subsidiaries designated under the Credit Agreement may be repaid and reborrowed, subject to an aggregate lending limit of $1,500.0, or the equivalent in other currencies. The Company has the ability to increase the commitments under the Credit Agreement from time to time by an additional amount of up to $250.0, provided the Company receives commitments for such increases and satisfies certain other conditions. The aggregate available amount of letters of credit outstanding may decrease or increase, subject to a sublimit of $50.0, or the equivalent in other currencies. Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are unsecured. The Credit Agreement includes covenants that, among other things, (i) limit our liens and the liens of our consolidated subsidiaries, and (ii) limit subsidiary debt. The Credit Agreement also contains a financial covenant that requires us to maintain a certain leverage ratio on a consolidated basis as of the end of each fiscal quarter. As of June 30, 2021, there were no borrowings under the Credit Agreement; however, we had $10.0 of letters of credit under the Credit Agreement, which reduced our total availability to $1,490.0. We were in compliance with all of our covenants in the Credit Agreement as of June 30, 2021.
364-Day Credit Facility
On March 27, 2020, we entered into an agreement for a 364-day revolving credit facility (the "364-Day Credit Facility") that matured on March 26, 2021. The 364-Day Credit Facility was a revolving facility, under which amounts borrowed by us were to be repaid and reborrowed, subject to an aggregate lending limit of $500.0. The cost structure of the 364-Day Credit Agreement was based on the Company’s credit ratings. The applicable margin for Base Rate Advances (as defined in the 364-
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Day Credit Facility) was 0.250%, the applicable margin for Eurodollar Rate Advances (as defined in the 364-Day Credit Facility) was 1.250%, and the facility fee payable on a lender’s revolving commitment was 0.250%. The leverage ratio and other covenants set forth in the 364-Day Credit Facility were equivalent to the covenants contained in the Company’s existing Credit Agreement, which remains in full effect.
Uncommitted Lines of Credit
We also have uncommitted lines of credit with various banks that permit borrowings at variable interest rates and that are primarily used to fund working capital needs. We have guaranteed the repayment of some of these borrowings made by certain subsidiaries. If we lose access to these credit lines, we would have to provide funding directly to some of our operations. As of June 30, 2021, the Company had uncommitted lines of credit in an aggregate amount of $965.9, under which we had outstanding borrowings of $56.7 classified as short-term borrowings on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The average amount outstanding during the second quarter of 2021 was $68.7 with a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 3.0%.
Commercial Paper
The Company is authorized to issue unsecured commercial paper up to a maximum aggregate amount outstanding at any time of $1,500.0. Borrowings under the program are supported by the Credit Agreement described above. Proceeds of the commercial paper are used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including the repayment of maturing indebtedness and other short-term liquidity needs. The maturities of the commercial paper vary but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue. During the second quarter of 2021, there was no commercial paper activity and, as of June 30, 2021, there was no commercial paper outstanding.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Note 4: Earnings (Loss) Per Share
The following sets forth basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share available to IPG common stockholders.

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net income (loss) available to IPG common stockholders | $ | 263.3 |  |  | $ | (45.6) |  |  | $ | 355.0 |  |  | $ | (40.9) |
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - basic | 393.3 |  |  | 389.4 |  |  | 392.4 |  | 388.5
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted shares | 5.7 |  |  | N/A |  | 5.2 |  |  | N/A
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - diluted | 399.0 |  |  | 389.4 |  |  | 397.6 |  | 388.5
Earnings (loss) per share available to IPG common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | (0.12) |  |  | $ | 0.90 |  |  | $ | (0.11) |
Diluted | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | (0.12) |  |  | $ | 0.89 |  |  | $ | (0.11) |

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and loss per share available to IPG common stockholders were equal on a basic and diluted basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, because our potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive as a result of the net loss available to IPG common stockholders. The potential dilutive effect of stock options and restricted shares on basic weighted-average number of common shares outstanding totaling 2.9 and 3.3 were excluded from the diluted loss per share calculation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.
Note 5: Supplementary Data
Accrued Liabilities
The following table presents the components of accrued liabilities.

| June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Salaries, benefits and related expenses | $ | 441.9 |  |  | $ | 504.6 |
Interest | 40.9 |  |  | 43.6 |
Acquisition obligations | 32.8 |  |  | 47.9 |
Income taxes payable | 26.2 |  |  | 50.6 |
Restructuring charges | 22.4 |  |  | 69.5 |
Office and related expenses | 18.2 |  |  | 25.5 |
Other | 97.4 |  |  | 90.7 |
Total accrued liabilities | $ | 679.8 |  |  | $ | 832.4 |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Other Income (Expense), Net
Results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 include certain items that are not directly associated with our revenue-producing operations.

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Loss on early extinguishment of debt | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (74.0) |  |  | $ | — |
Net losses on sales of businesses | (1.7) |  |  | (19.9) |  |  | (14.2) |  |  | (43.2) |
Other | 6.4 |  |  | (1.6) |  |  | 9.0 |  |  | (0.1) |
Total other income (expense), net | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | (21.5) |  |  | $ | (79.2) |  |  | $ | (43.3) |

Loss on early extinguishment of debt – During the first quarter of 2021, we recorded a loss of $74.0 related to the early extinguishment of all $250.0 in aggregate principal amount of our 4.000% unsecured senior notes due 2022, all $500.0 in aggregate principal amount of our 3.750% unsecured senior notes due 2023, and $250.0 of the $500.0 in aggregate principal amount of our 4.200% unsecured senior notes due 2024. See Note 3 for further information.
Net losses on sales of businesses – During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the amounts recognized were related to sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets and liabilities, consisting primarily of cash, as held for sale, within our IAN and DXTRA reportable segments. The businesses held for sale primarily represent unprofitable, non-strategic agencies which are expected to be sold within the next twelve months.
Share Repurchase Program
On July 2, 2018, in connection with the announcement of the Acxiom acquisition, we announced that share repurchases will be suspended for a period of time in order to reduce the increased debt levels incurred in conjunction with the acquisition. As of June 30, 2021, $338.4, excluding fees, remains available for repurchase under the share repurchase programs authorized in previous years, which have no expiration date.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Many of our acquisitions include provisions under which the noncontrolling equity owners may require us to purchase additional interests in a subsidiary at their discretion. Redeemable noncontrolling interests are adjusted quarterly, if necessary, to their estimated redemption value, but not less than their initial fair value. Any adjustments to the redemption value impact retained earnings or additional paid in capital, except for foreign currency translation adjustments.
The following table presents changes in our redeemable noncontrolling interests.

| Six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 93.1 |  |  | $ | 164.7 |
Change in related noncontrolling interests balance | 0.6 |  |  | (3.1) |
Changes in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests: |  |  |
Redemptions | (21.1) |  |  | (2.5) |
Redemption value adjustments | (0.4) |  |  | (3.9) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 72.2 |  |  | $ | 155.2 |

Note 6: Income Taxes
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, our income tax expense was positively impacted by excess tax benefits on employee share-based payments, the majority of which were recognized in the first quarter due to the timing of the vesting of awards, and the revaluation of deferred tax balances resulting from the enactment of tax law changes. This was partially offset by net losses on sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets as held for sale for which we received minimal tax benefit, as well as by losses in certain foreign jurisdictions where we receive no tax benefit due to 100% valuation allowances.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
We have various tax years under examination by tax authorities in various countries, and in various states, in which we have significant business operations. It is not yet known whether these examinations will, in the aggregate, result in our paying additional taxes. We believe our tax reserves are adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments in each of the jurisdictions in which we are subject to taxation. We regularly assess the likelihood of additional tax assessments in those jurisdictions and, if necessary, adjust our reserves as additional information or events require.
With respect to all tax years open to examination by U.S. federal, various state and local, and non-U.S. tax authorities, we currently anticipate that total unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by an amount between $20.0 and $30.0 in the next twelve months, a portion of which will affect our effective income tax rate, primarily as a result of the settlement of tax examinations and the lapsing of statutes of limitations.
We are effectively settled with respect to U.S. federal income tax audits through 2016. With limited exceptions, we are no longer subject to state and local income tax audits for years prior to 2013 or non-U.S. income tax audits for years prior to 2009.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Note 7: Restructuring Charges
Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, the Company took restructuring actions to lower its operating expenses structurally and permanently relative to revenue and to accelerate the transformation of our business (the “2020 Restructuring Plan”). These actions continued through the fourth quarter, and most were based on our recent experience and learning in the COVID-19 pandemic and a resulting review of our operations to address certain operating expenses such as occupancy expense and salaries and related expenses.
Lease impairment costs, which relate to the office spaces that were vacated as part of the 2020 Restructuring Plan, included impairments of operating lease right-of-use assets and associated leasehold improvements, furniture and asset retirement obligations in addition to losses and gains related to early lease terminations. Lease impairments were calculated based on estimated fair values using market participant assumptions including forecasted net discounted cash flows related to the operating lease right-of-use assets.
All restructuring actions were identified and initiated in 2020, with all actions completed by the end of the fourth quarter of 2020. The amounts for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 are adjustments to the actions taken in 2020.
The components of the restructuring charges related to the 2020 Restructuring Plan are listed below.

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Severance and termination costs | $ | 0.6 |  |  | $ | 44.6 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |  |  | $ | 44.6 |  |  |  |  |
Lease impairment costs | (0.9) |  |  | 65.7 |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | 65.7 |  |  |  |  |
Other restructuring costs | 0.1 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  |  |
Total restructuring charges | $ | (0.2) |  |  | $ | 112.6 |  |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | 112.6 |  |  |  |  |

Net restructuring charges were comprised of $0.0 at IAN, ($0.3) at DXTRA and $0.1 at Corporate and Other for the three month ended June 30, 2021, which include non-cash lease impairment costs of ($0.6) at IAN and ($0.3) at DXTRA. Net restructuring charges were comprised of $0.5 at IAN, $0.5 at DXTRA and $0.1 at Corporate and Other for the six months ended June 30, 2021, which include non-cash lease impairment costs of ($0.7) at IAN, ($0.3) at DXTRA and ($0.1) at Corporate and Other. Net restructuring charges were comprised of $68.8 at IAN and $36.7 at DXTRA for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, which include non-cash lease impairment costs of $35.8 at IAN and $26.8 at DXTRA.
A summary of the restructuring activities taken in the first half of 2021 related to the 2020 Restructuring Plan is as follows:

| 2020 Restructuring Plan
| Liability at December 31, 2020 |  | Restructuring Expense |  | Non-Cash Items |  | Cash Payments |  |  |  | Liability at June 30, 2021
Severance and termination costs | $ | 74.6 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 52.6 |  |  |  |  | $ | 23.8 |
Lease impairment costs | 0.0 |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | 0.0 |  |  |  |  | 0.0 |
Other restructuring costs | 0.0 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  | 0.0 |
Total | $ | 74.6 |  |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | (0.9) |  |  | $ | 52.8 |  |  |  |  | $ | 23.8 |

Note 8: Incentive Compensation Plans
We issue stock-based compensation and cash awards to our employees under various plans established by the Compensation and Leadership Talent Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Compensation Committee") and approved by our stockholders. We issued the following stock-based awards under the 2019 Performance Incentive Plan (the "2019 PIP") during the six months ended June 30, 2021.

| Awards |  | Weighted-average grant-date fair value (per award)
Restricted stock (units) | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 26.23 |
Performance-based stock (shares) | 0.5 |  |  | $ | 21.98 |
Stock options (shares) | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 3.94 |
Total stock-based compensation awards | 1.6 |  |  |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
During the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Compensation Committee granted performance cash awards under the 2019 PIP and restricted cash awards under the 2020 Restricted Cash Plan with a total annual target value of $39.4 and $80.2, respectively. Cash awards are expensed over the vesting period, which is typically three years for performance cash awards and two years or three years for restricted cash awards.
Note 9: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax
The following tables present the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by component.

| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  |  | Derivative Instruments |  | Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $ | (637.6) |  |  |  |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  | $ | (249.4) |  |  | $ | (880.2) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications | (24.4) |  |  |  |  | 13.6 |  |  | (1.2) |  |  | (12.0) |
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | (1.5) |  |  |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 5.9 |
Balance as of June 30, 2021 | $ | (663.5) |  |  |  |  | $ | 24.0 |  |  | $ | (246.8) |  |  | $ | (886.3) |

| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Derivative Instruments |  | Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2019 | $ | (697.7) |  |  | $ | (3.5) |  |  | $ | (228.8) |  |  | $ | (930.0) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications | (102.3) |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | (102.6) |
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | (0.3) |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 3.5 |
Balance as of June 30, 2020 | $ | (800.3) |  |  | $ | (3.3) |  |  | $ | (225.5) |  |  | $ | (1,029.1) |

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30, |  | Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | $ | (2.2) |  |  | $ | 3.3 |  |  | $ | (1.5) |  |  | $ | (0.3) |  |  | Other income (expense), net
Net (gain) loss on derivative instruments | (0.3) |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 4.9 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | Other income (expense), net, Interest expense
Amortization of defined benefit pension and postretirement plan items | 2.5 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | Other income (expense), net
Tax effect | (0.5) |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | (2.3) |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | Provision for income taxes
Total amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | $ | (0.5) |  |  | $ | 5.1 |  |  | $ | 5.9 |  |  | $ | 3.5 |  |  |

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Note 10: Employee Benefits
We have a defined benefit pension plan that covers certain U.S. employees (the “Domestic Pension Plan”). We also have numerous funded and unfunded plans outside the U.S. The Interpublic Limited Pension Plan in the U.K. is a defined benefit plan and is our most material foreign pension plan in terms of the benefit obligation and plan assets. Some of our domestic and foreign subsidiaries provide postretirement health benefits and life insurance to eligible employees and, in certain cases, their dependents. The domestic postretirement benefit plan is our most material postretirement benefit plan in terms of the benefit o bligation. Certain immaterial foreign pension and postretirement benefit plans have been excluded from the table below.
The components of net periodic cost for the Domestic Pension Plan, the significant foreign pension plans and the domestic postretirement benefit plan are listed below.

| Domestic Pension Plan |  | Foreign Pension Plans |  | Domestic Postretirement Benefit Plan
Three Months Ended June 30, | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Service cost | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |
Interest cost | 0.8 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |
Expected return on plan assets | (1.4) |  |  | (1.4) |  |  | (5.3) |  |  | (4.6) |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service cost | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |
Unrecognized actuarial losses | 0.3 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.0 |
Net periodic cost | $ | (0.3) |  |  | $ | (0.1) |  |  | $ | (0.4) |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |

| Domestic Pension Plan |  | Foreign Pension Plans |  | Domestic Postretirement Benefit Plan
Six Months Ended June 30, | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Service cost | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 2.2 |  |  | $ | 2.3 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |
Interest cost | 1.5 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.4 |
Expected return on plan assets | (2.8) |  |  | (2.8) |  |  | (10.5) |  |  | (9.3) |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service cost | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |
Unrecognized actuarial losses | 0.8 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.1 |
Net periodic cost | $ | (0.5) |  |  | $ | (0.1) |  |  | $ | (0.8) |  |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 0.5 |

The components of net periodic cost other than the service cost component are included in the line item “Other income (expense), net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we contributed $1.6 and $9.4 of cash to our domestic and foreign pension plans, respectively. For the remainder of 2021, we expect to contribute approximately $1.0 and $9.0 of cash to our domestic and foreign pension plans, respectively.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Note 11: Segment Information
As of June 30, 2021, we have two reportable segments: IAN and DXTRA. IAN is comprised of McCann Worldgroup, Foote, Cone & Belding ("FCB"), MullenLowe Group, Media, Data Services and Tech, which includes IPG Mediabrands, Acxiom and Kinesso, our digital specialist agencies and our domestic integrated agencies. DXTRA is comprised of a number of our specialist marketing services offerings including Weber Shandwick, DeVries, Golin, FutureBrand, Jack Morton and Octagon Worldwide. We also report results for the Corporate and Other group. We continue to evaluate our financial reporting structure, and the profitability measure, employed by our chief operating decision maker for allocating resources to operating divisions and assessing operating division performance, is segment EBITA. Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments is shown in the following table.

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Total revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IAN | $ | 2,077.8 |  |  | $ | 1,672.5 |  |  | $ | 3,929.2 |  |  | $ | 3,491.3 |
DXTRA | 431.8 |  |  | 353.2 |  |  | 837.4 |  |  | 894.2 |
Total | $ | 2,509.6 |  |  | $ | 2,025.7 |  |  | $ | 4,766.6 |  |  | $ | 4,385.5 |
Net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IAN | $ | 1,954.5 |  |  | $ | 1,585.7 |  |  | $ | 3,688.6 |  |  | $ | 3,250.2 |
DXTRA | 315.1 |  |  | 267.7 |  |  | 608.7 |  |  | 575.3 |
Total | $ | 2,269.6 |  |  | $ | 1,853.4 |  |  | $ | 4,297.3 |  |  | $ | 3,825.5 |
Segment EBITA 1: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IAN | $ | 382.9 |  |  | $ | 100.4 |  |  | $ | 637.2 |  |  | $ | 199.4 |
DXTRA | 54.7 |  |  | (26.3) |  |  | 95.1 |  |  | (4.0) |
Corporate and Other | (31.6) |  |  | (11.8) |  |  | (61.7) |  |  | (35.9) |
Total | $ | 406.0 |  |  | $ | 62.3 |  |  | $ | 670.6 |  |  | $ | 159.5 |
Amortization of acquired intangibles: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IAN | $ | 20.4 |  |  | $ | 20.8 |  |  | $ | 40.9 |  |  | $ | 41.0 |
DXTRA | 1.2 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 2.1 |
Corporate and Other | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.0 |
Total | $ | 21.6 |  |  | $ | 21.8 |  |  | $ | 43.2 |  |  | $ | 43.1 |
Depreciation and amortization 2: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IAN | $ | 42.1 |  |  | $ | 45.3 |  |  | $ | 83.5 |  |  | $ | 90.0 |
DXTRA | 4.3 |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | 8.6 |  |  | 10.5 |
Corporate and Other | 2.1 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 2.3 |
Total | $ | 48.5 |  |  | $ | 51.3 |  |  | $ | 96.1 |  |  | $ | 102.8 |
Capital expenditures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IAN | $ | 27.5 |  |  | $ | 19.8 |  |  | $ | 49.2 |  |  | $ | 53.5 |
DXTRA | 1.6 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 2.9 |
Corporate and Other | 4.7 |  |  | 6.2 |  |  | 10.6 |  |  | 15.5 |
Total | $ | 33.8 |  |  | $ | 27.3 |  |  | $ | 62.1 |  |  | $ | 71.9 |

1 Adjusted EBITA is calculated as net income (loss) available to IPG common stockholders before provision for incomes taxes, total (expenses) and other income, equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates, net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests and amortization of acquired intangibles.
2 Excludes amortization of acquired intangibles.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)

| June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Total assets: |  |  |
IAN | $ | 14,245.0 |  |  | $ | 14,784.5 |
DXTRA | 1,571.8 |  |  | 1,549.2 |
Corporate and Other | 1,504.9 |  |  | 1,709.0 |
Total | $ | 17,321.7 |  |  | $ | 18,042.7 |

The following table presents the reconciliation of segment EBITA to Income (Loss) before income taxes.

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
IAN EBITA | $ | 382.9 |  |  | $ | 100.4 |  |  | $ | 637.2 |  |  | $ | 199.4 |
DXTRA EBITA | 54.7 |  |  | (26.3) |  |  | 95.1 |  |  | (4.0) |
Corporate and Other EBITA | (31.6) |  |  | (11.8) |  |  | (61.7) |  |  | (35.9) |
Less: consolidated amortization of acquired intangibles | 21.6 |  |  | 21.8 |  |  | 43.2 |  |  | 43.1 |
Operating income | 384.4 |  |  | 40.5 |  |  | 627.4 |  |  | 116.4 |
Total (expenses) and other income | (30.3) |  |  | (65.4) |  |  | (156.9) |  |  | (121.3) |
Income (Loss) before income taxes | $ | 354.1 |  |  | $ | (24.9) |  |  | $ | 470.5 |  |  | $ | (4.9) |

Note 12: Fair Value Measurements
Authoritative guidance for fair value measurements establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 |  | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for the asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2 |  | Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 |  | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Financial Instruments that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
We primarily apply the market approach to determine the fair value of financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. There were no changes to our valuation techniques used to determine the fair value of financial instruments during the six months ended June 30, 2021. The following tables present information about our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)

| June 30, 2021 |  | Balance Sheet Classification
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | $ | 1,504.4 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 1,504.4 |  |  | Cash and cash equivalents
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent acquisition obligations 1 | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 71.3 |  |  | $ | 71.3 |  |  | Accrued liabilities and Other non-current liabilities
| December 31, 2020 |  | Balance Sheet Classification
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents | $ | 1,507.4 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 1,507.4 |  |  | Cash and cash equivalents
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent acquisition obligations 1 | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 95.5 |  |  | $ | 95.5 |  |  | Accrued liabilities and Other non-current liabilities

1 Contingent acquisition obligations includes deferred acquisition payments and unconditional obligations to purchase additional noncontrolling equity shares of consolidated subsidiaries. Fair value measurement of the obligations is based upon actual and projected operating performance targets as specified in the related agreements. The decrease in this balance of $24.2 from December 31, 2020 to June 30, 2021 is primarily due to payments related to our deferred acquisitions payments from prior-year acquisitions partially offset by the exercises of redeemable noncontrolling interest and valuation adjustments in our consolidated subsidiaries. The amounts payable within the next twelve months are classified in accrued liabilities; any amounts payable thereafter are classified in other non-current liabilities.
Financial Instruments that are not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents information about our financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value.

| June 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Total long-term debt | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 3,819.0 |  |  | $ | 43.1 |  |  | $ | 3,862.1 |  |  | $ | 0.0 |  |  | $ | 3,951.1 |  |  | $ | 43.9 |  |  | $ | 3,995.0 |

Our long-term debt is comprised of senior notes and other notes payable. The fair value of our senior notes, which are traded over-the-counter, is based on quoted prices in markets that are not active. Therefore, these senior notes are classified as Level 2. Our other notes payable are not actively traded, and their fair value is not solely derived from readily observable inputs. The fair value of our other notes payable is determined based on a discounted cash flow model and other proprietary valuation methods, and therefore is classified as Level 3. See Note 3 for further information on our long-term debt.
The discount rates used as significant unobservable inputs in the Level 3 fair value measurements of our contingent acquisition obligations and long-term debt as of June 30, 2021 ranged fr om 1.0% to 4.0% a n d 0.4% to 3.4%, respectively.
Non-financial Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Certain non-financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, primarily goodwill (Level 3), intangible assets, and property and equipment. Accordingly, these assets are not measured and adjusted to fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to periodic evaluations for potential impairment.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Note 13: Commitments and Contingencies
Guarantees
As discussed in our 2020 Annual Report, we have guaranteed certain obligations of our subsidiaries relating principally to operating leases, uncommitted lines of credit and cash pooling arrangements. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the amount of parent company guarantees on lease obligations was $600.6 and $630.8, respectively, the amount of parent company guarantees relating to uncommitted lines of credit was $434.6 and $399.6, respectively, and the amount of parent company guarantees related to daylight overdrafts, primarily utilized to manage intra-day overdrafts due to timing of transactions under cash pooling arrangements without resulting in incremental borrowings, was $107.3 and $109.2, respectively. In the event of non-payment by the applicable subsidiary of the obligations covered by a guarantee, we would be obligated to pay the amounts covered by that guarantee. As of June 30, 2021, there were no material assets pledged as security for such parent company guarantees.
Legal Matters
We are involved in various legal proceedings, and subject to investigations, inspections, audits, inquiries and similar actions by governmental authorities, arising in the normal course of business. The types of allegations that arise in connection with such legal proceedings vary in nature, but can include claims related to contract, employment, tax and intellectual property matters. We evaluate all cases each reporting period and record liabilities for losses from legal proceedings when we determine that it is probable that the outcome in a legal proceeding will be unfavorable and the amount, or potential range, of loss can be reasonably estimated. In certain cases, we cannot reasonably estimate the potential loss because, for example, the litigation is in its early stages. While any outcome related to litigation or such governmental proceedings in which we are involved cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that the outcome of these matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Note 14: Recent Accounting Standards
Accounting pronouncements not listed below were assessed and determined to be not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Income Taxes
In December 2019, the FASB issued amended guidance to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions and amending certain sections of existing guidance under ASC 740. This amended guidance was effective beginning January 1, 2021. The adoption of this amended guidance did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)

Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help you understand The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company,” “IPG,” “we,” “us” or “our”). MD&A should be read in conjunction with our unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes included in this report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the “2020 Annual Report”), as well as our other reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Our 2020 Annual Report includes additional information about our significant accounting policies and practices as well as details about the most significant risks and uncertainties associated with our financial and operating results. Our MD&A includes the following sections:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY provides a discussion about our strategic outlook, factors influencing our business and an overview of our results of operations.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS provides an analysis of the consolidated and segment results of operations for the periods presented.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES provides an overview of our cash flows, funding requirements, financing and sources of funds, and debt credit ratings.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES provides an update to the discussion in our 2020 Annual Report of our accounting policies that require critical judgment, assumptions and estimates.
RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS, by reference to Note 14 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, provides a discussion of certain accounting standards that have been recently adopted or that have not yet been required to be implemented and may be applicable to our future operations.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURE, provides a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measure with the most directly comparable generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) financial measures and sets forth the reasons we believe that presentation of the non-GAAP financial measure contained therein provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations and financial condition.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Our Business
We are one of the world’s premier global advertising and marketing services companies. With approximately 52,800 employees and operations in all major world markets, our companies specialize in consumer advertising, digital marketing, communications planning and media buying, public relations, specialized communications disciplines and data management. Our agencies create customized marketing solutions for clients that range in scale from large global marketers to regional and local clients. Comprehensive global services are critical to effectively serve our multinational and local clients in markets throughout the world as they seek to build brands, increase sales of their products and services, and gain market share.
We operate in a media landscape that continues to evolve at a rapid pace. Media channels continue to fragment, and clients face an increasingly complex consumer environment. To stay ahead of these challenges and to achieve our objectives, we have made and continue to make investments in creative, strategic and technology talent in areas including fast-growth digital marketing channels, high-growth geographic regions and strategic world markets. We consistently review opportunities within our Company to enhance our operations through acquisitions and strategic alliances and internal programs that encourage intra-company collaboration. As appropriate, we also develop relationships with technology and emerging media companies that are building leading-edge marketing tools that complement our agencies’ skill sets and capabilities.
Our financial goals include competitive organic net revenue growth and expansion of Adjusted EBITA margin, as defined and discussed within the Non-GAAP Financial Measure section of this MD&A, which we expect will further strengthen our balance sheet and total liquidity and increase value to our shareholders. Accordingly, we remain focused on meeting the evolving needs of our clients while concurrently managing our cost structure. We continually seek greater efficiency in the delivery of our services, focusing on more effective resource utilization, including the productivity of our employees, real estate, information technology and shared services, such as finance, human resources and legal. The improvements we have made and continue to make in our financial reporting and business information systems in recent years allow us more timely and actionable insights from our global operations. Our disciplined approach to our balance sheet and liquidity provides us with a solid financial foundation and financial flexibility to manage and grow our business. We believe that our strategy and execution position us to meet our financial goals and to deliver long-term shareholder value.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Impact of COVID-19
In March 2020, the World Health Organization categorized the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") as a pandemic, and it continues to spread extensively throughout the United States and the rest of the world. The outbreak of COVID-19 and public and private sector measures to reduce its transmission, such as forced business closures and limits on operations, the imposition of social distancing and orders to work-from-home, stay-at-home and shelter-in-place, adversely impacted our business and demand for our services. Some businesses adjusted, reduced or suspended operating activities, which negatively impacted the markets we serve and our results of operations, cash flows and financial position. More recently, we have positively benefited from the effects of robust economic recovery in many of our principal markets as vaccination efforts continue and the overall public health situation has improved. We continue to believe that our focus on our strategic strengths, which include talent, our differentiated go-to-market strategy, data management capabilities, and the relevance of our offerings, position us well to navigate a rapidly changing marketplace. The future course of the pandemic is unpredictable, and the extent of its impact on our results of operations, cash flows and financial position will vary depending on the duration and severity of the continuing economic and operational impacts of COVID-19. The pace of recent improvements in health and economic conditions has not been uniform across all geographies and could be threatened by such factors as the appearance and spread of variants to the COVID-19 virus and limitations on the effectiveness of mass vaccination and other public health efforts to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
At the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we responded swiftly in support of our people, our clients and our communities. To protect our employees, and to do our part in stopping the spread of COVID-19, within days, 95 percent of our global workforce moved to a remote work environment. While we currently anticipate a large portion of our workforce to return to the office at least part of the time in autumn 2021, the majority of our worldwide workforce continues to work from home. We recognized the importance of regular communication to reassure employees and to keep them updated on our plans as the pandemic unfolded, and IPG was recognized with top honors at the Corporate Content Awards North America for its outstanding communication during the pandemic. We adopted an approach of “organized flexibility” to facilitate the new working environments and take into account the need of many employees to work during non-traditional hours and juggle home lives and work responsibilities.
We believe we have had significant success in maintaining and continuing to advance the quality of our services notwithstanding extensive changes required by the pandemic. With respect to managing costs, we undertook multiple initiatives to align our expenses with changes in revenue. The steps we took across our agencies and corporate group included deferred merit increases, freezes on hiring and temporary labor, major cuts in non-essential spending, staff reductions, furloughs in markets where that option was available and salary reductions, including voluntary salary reductions for our senior corporate management team. These actions have been discontinued in 2021 as revenue growth returns.
Starting in the second quarter of 2020 and continuing through the year 2020, the Company also took restructuring actions to lower our operating expenses structurally and permanently relative to revenue and to accelerate the transformation of our business. Most of these actions were based on our recent experience and learning in the COVID-19 pandemic and a resulting review of our operations. Notably, we foresee a greater role for work-from-home in a hybrid office-home model to deliver and support our services in a post-COVID world.
Our Financial Information
When we analyze period-to-period changes in our operating performance, we determine the portion of the change that is attributable to changes in foreign currency rates and the net effect of acquisitions and divestitures, and the remainder we call organic change, which indicates how our underlying business performed. We exclude the impact of billable expenses in analyzing our operating performance as the fluctuations from period to period are not indicative of the performance of our underlying businesses and have no impact on our operating income or net income.
The change in our operating performance attributable to changes in foreign currency rates is determined by converting the prior-period reported results using the current-period exchange rates and comparing these prior-period adjusted amounts to the prior-period reported results. Although the U.S. Dollar is our reporting currency, a substantial portion of our revenues and expenses are generated in foreign currencies. Therefore, our reported results are affected by fluctuations in the currencies in which we conduct our international businesses. Our exposure is mitigated as the majority of our revenues and expenses in any given market are generally denominated in the same currency. Both positive and negative currency fluctuations against the U.S. Dollar affect our consolidated results of operations, and the magnitude of the foreign currency impact to our operations related to each geographic region depends on the significance and operating performance of the region. Our results during the first half of 2021 were most favorably impacted by the British Pound Sterling, Euro, Australian Dollar and Canadian Dollar.
For purposes of analyzing changes in our operating performance attributable to the net effect of acquisitions and divestitures, transactions are treated as if they occurred on the first day of the quarter during which the transaction occurred.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
During the past few years, we have acquired companies that we believe will enhance our offerings and disposed of businesses that are not consistent with our strategic plan.
The metrics that we use to evaluate our financial performance include organic change in net revenue as well as the change in certain operating expenses, and the components thereof, expressed as a percentage of consolidated net revenue, as well as Adjusted EBITA. These metrics are also used by management to assess the financial performance of our reportable segments, Integrated Agency Networks (“IAN”) and IPG DXTRA (“DXTRA”). In certain of our discussions, we analyze net revenue by geographic region and by business sector, in which we focus on our top 500 clients, which typically constitute approximately 80% to 85% of our annual consolidated net revenues.
Results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, are not indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021. The Consolidated Financial Statements and MD&A presented herein reflect the latest estimates and assumptions made by us that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosures as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods presented. We believe we have used reasonable estimates and assumptions to assess the fair values of goodwill, long-lived assets and indefinite-lived intangible assets; assessment of the annual effective tax rate; valuation of deferred income taxes and allowance for expected credit losses on future uncollectible accounts receivable. If actual market conditions vary significantly from those currently projected, these estimates and assumptions could materially change resulting in adjustments to the carrying values of our assets and liabilities.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
The following table presents a summary of our financial performance for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
Statement of Operations Data | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | % Increase/ (Decrease) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | % Increase/ (Decrease)
REVENUE: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenue | $ | 2,269.6 |  |  | $ | 1,853.4 |  |  | 22.5 | % |  | $ | 4,297.3 |  |  | $ | 3,825.5 |  |  | 12.3 | %
Billable expenses | 240.0 |  |  | 172.3 |  |  | 39.3 | % |  | 469.3 |  |  | 560.0 |  |  | (16.2) | %
Total revenue | $ | 2,509.6 |  |  | $ | 2,025.7 |  |  | 23.9 | % |  | $ | 4,766.6 |  |  | $ | 4,385.5 |  |  | 8.7 | %
OPERATING INCOME | $ | 384.4 |  |  | $ | 40.5 |  |  | >100% |  | $ | 627.4 |  |  | $ | 116.4 |  |  | >100%
Adjusted EBITA 1 | $ | 406.0 |  |  | $ | 62.3 |  |  | >100% |  | $ | 670.6 |  |  | $ | 159.5 |  |  | >100%
NET INCOME (LOSS) AVAILABLE TO IPG COMMON STOCKHOLDERS | $ | 263.3 |  |  | $ | (45.6) |  |  |  |  | $ | 355.0 |  |  | $ | (40.9) |  |  |
Earnings (loss) per share available to IPG common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | (0.12) |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.90 |  |  | $ | (0.11) |  |  |
Diluted | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | (0.12) |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.89 |  |  | $ | (0.11) |  |  |
Operating Ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Organic change in net revenue | 19.8 | % |  | (9.9) | % |  |  |  | 10.6 | % |  | (5.0) | % |  |
Operating margin on net revenue | 16.9 | % |  | 2.2 | % |  |  |  | 14.6 | % |  | 3.0 | % |  |
Operating margin on total revenue | 15.3 | % |  | 2.0 | % |  |  |  | 13.2 | % |  | 2.7 | % |  |
Adjusted EBITA margin on net revenue 1 | 17.9 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  |  |  | 15.6 | % |  | 4.2 | % |  |
Expenses as a % of net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and related expenses | 65.4 | % |  | 70.5 | % |  |  |  | 67.0 | % |  | 71.3 | % |  |
Office and other direct expenses | 13.3 | % |  | 17.1 | % |  |  |  | 13.8 | % |  | 18.2 | % |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1.3 | % |  | 0.2 | % |  |  |  | 1.3 | % |  | 0.7 | % |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 3.1 | % |  | 3.9 | % |  |  |  | 3.2 | % |  | 3.8 | % |  |
Restructuring charges 2 | 0.0 | % |  | 6.1 | % |  |  |  | 0.0 | % |  | 2.9 | % |  |

1 Adjusted EBITA is a financial measure that is not defined by U.S. GAAP. Adjusted EBITA is calculated as net income (loss) available to IPG common stockholders before provision for incomes taxes, total (expenses) and other income, equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates, net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests and amortization of acquired intangibles. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Financial Measure” section of this MD&A for additional information and for a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP measures.
2 For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, results include net restructuring charges of $(0.2) and $1.1, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, results include restructuring charges of $112.6. See “Restructuring Charges” in this MD&A and Note 7 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Our organic net revenue increase of 19.8% for the second quarter of 2021 was driven by net higher spending from existing clients across all sectors, most notably in the healthcare, auto and transportation, retail, and technology and telecom sectors, which also increased from net client wins. During the second quarter of 2021, our Adjusted EBITA margin increased to 17.9% from 3.4% in the prior-year period as the increase in net revenue, discussed below in the “Results of Operations” section, outpaced the overall increase in our operating expenses, excluding billable expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Our organic net revenue increase of 10.6% for the first half of 2021 was driven by higher spending from existing clients across all sectors, most notably in the healthcare, retail, and auto and transportation sectors. During the first half of 2021, our Adjusted EBITA margin increased to 15.6% from 4.2% in the prior-year period as net revenue increased, discussed below in the “Results of Operations” section, and our operating expenses, excluding billable expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles, decreased.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Consolidated Results of Operations – Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Compared to Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Net Revenue
Our net revenue is directly impacted by the retention and spending levels of existing clients and by our ability to win new clients. Most of our expenses are recognized ratably throughout the year and are therefore less seasonal than revenue. Our net revenue is typically lowest in the first quarter and highest in the fourth quarter, reflecting the seasonal spending of our clients.

|  |  | Components of Change |  |  |  | Change
| Three months ended June 30, 2020 | Foreign Currency |  | Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures) |  | Organic |  | Three months ended June 30, 2021 | Organic |  | Total
Consolidated | $ | 1,853.4 |  |  | $ | 58.1 |  |  | $ | (8.0) |  |  | $ | 366.1 |  |  | $ | 2,269.6 |  |  | 19.8 | % |  | 22.5 | %
Domestic | 1,227.2 |  |  | — |  |  | (4.8) |  |  | 213.1 |  |  | 1,435.5 |  |  | 17.4 | % |  | 17.0 | %
International | 626.2 |  |  | 58.1 |  |  | (3.2) |  |  | 153.0 |  |  | 834.1 |  |  | 24.4 | % |  | 33.2 | %
United Kingdom | 147.2 |  |  | 19.9 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 27.5 |  |  | 194.6 |  |  | 18.7 | % |  | 32.2 | %
Continental Europe | 149.7 |  |  | 14.5 |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | 41.7 |  |  | 205.5 |  |  | 27.9 | % |  | 37.3 | %
Asia Pacific | 162.6 |  |  | 11.7 |  |  | (4.6) |  |  | 22.8 |  |  | 192.5 |  |  | 14.0 | % |  | 18.4 | %
Latin America | 62.3 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 30.5 |  |  | 96.9 |  |  | 49.0 | % |  | 55.5 | %
Other | 104.4 |  |  | 9.7 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 30.5 |  |  | 144.6 |  |  | 29.2 | % |  | 38.5 | %

The 17.4% organic increase during the second quarter of 2021 in our domestic market was driven by growth across nearly all disciplines, most notably in our advertising and media businesses. In our international markets, the 24.4% organic increase was driven by double-digit organic growth from all geographic regions, bolstered by strong performance at our media and advertising businesses in addition to our digital project-based offerings across all geographic regions.

|  |  | Components of Change |  |  |  | Change
| Six months ended June 30, 2020 | Foreign Currency |  | Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures) |  | Organic |  | Six months ended June 30, 2021 | Organic |  | Total
Consolidated | $ | 3,825.5 |  |  | $ | 87.4 |  |  | $ | (19.7) |  |  | $ | 404.1 |  |  | $ | 4,297.3 |  |  | 10.6 | % |  | 12.3 | %
Domestic | 2,547.2 |  |  | — |  |  | (12.2) |  |  | 210.3 |  |  | 2,745.3 |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | 7.8 | %
International | 1,278.3 |  |  | 87.4 |  |  | (7.5) |  |  | 193.8 |  |  | 1,552.0 |  |  | 15.2 | % |  | 21.4 | %
United Kingdom | 312.9 |  |  | 31.5 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 33.3 |  |  | 378.6 |  |  | 10.6 | % |  | 21.0 | %
Continental Europe | 295.7 |  |  | 27.7 |  |  | (1.9) |  |  | 59.8 |  |  | 381.3 |  |  | 20.2 | % |  | 28.9 | %
Asia Pacific | 321.4 |  |  | 20.6 |  |  | (8.6) |  |  | 28.2 |  |  | 361.6 |  |  | 8.8 | % |  | 12.5 | %
Latin America | 141.6 |  |  | (5.9) |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 34.5 |  |  | 172.3 |  |  | 24.4 | % |  | 21.7 | %
Other | 206.7 |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 38.0 |  |  | 258.2 |  |  | 18.4 | % |  | 24.9 | %

The 8.3% organic increase during the first half of 2021 in our domestic market was driven by growth across nearly all disciplines, most notably in our advertising and media businesses. In our international markets, the 15.2% organic increase was driven by strong performance at our media and advertising businesses in addition to our digital project-based offerings across all geographic regions.
Refer to the segment discussion later in this MD&A for information on changes in net revenue by segment.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Salaries and Related Expenses

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | % Increase/ (Decrease) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | % Increase/ (Decrease)
Salaries and related expenses | $ | 1,484.9 |  | $ | 1,306.1 |  | 13.7 | % |  | $ | 2,878.0 |  | $ | 2,728.9 |  | 5.5 | %
As a % of net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and related expenses | 65.4 | % |  | 70.5 | % |  |  |  | 67.0 | % |  | 71.3 | % |  |
Base salaries, benefits and tax | 53.0 | % |  | 59.2 | % |  |  |  | 55.4 | % |  | 60.4 | % |  |
Incentive expense | 6.4 | % |  | 4.1 | % |  |  |  | 5.4 | % |  | 3.9 | % |  |
Severance expense | 0.4 | % |  | 3.0 | % |  |  |  | 0.4 | % |  | 2.1 | % |  |
Temporary help | 4.5 | % |  | 3.1 | % |  |  |  | 4.5 | % |  | 3.8 | % |  |
All other salaries and related expenses | 1.1 | % |  | 1.1 | % |  |  |  | 1.3 | % |  | 1.1 | % |  |

Net revenue growth of 22.5% outpaced the increase in salaries and related expenses of 13.7% during the second quarter of 2021 as compared to the prior-year period, primarily driven by leverage in base salaries, benefits and tax, partially offset by increased incentive expense, primarily related to better-than-projected performance, and increased temporary help expense. Severance expense decreased primarily as a result of the initiatives taken in the comparable prior-year quarter.
Net revenue growth of 12.3% outpaced the increase in salaries and related expenses of 5.5% during the first half of 2021 as compared to the prior-year period, primarily driven by factors similar to those noted above for the second quarter of 2021.
Office and Other Direct Expenses

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | % Increase/ (Decrease) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | % Increase/ (Decrease)
Office and other direct expenses | $ | 301.0 |  | $ | 317.0 |  | (5.0) | % |  | $ | 593.9 |  | $ | 695.2 |  | (14.6) | %
As a % of net revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Office and other direct expenses | 13.3 | % |  | 17.1 | % |  |  |  | 13.8 | % |  | 18.2 | % |  |
Occupancy expense | 5.0 | % |  | 6.6 | % |  |  |  | 5.3 | % |  | 6.6 | % |  |
All other office and other direct expenses 1 | 8.3 | % |  | 10.5 | % |  |  |  | 8.5 | % |  | 11.6 | % |  |

1 Includes client service costs, non-pass through production expenses, travel and entertainment, professional fees, spending to support new business activity, telecommunications, office supplies, bad debt expense, adjustments to contingent acquisition obligations, foreign currency losses (gains) and other expenses.
Office and other direct expenses decreased by 5.0% compared to the net revenue increase of 22.5% during the second quarter of 2021 as compared to the prior-year period. The decrease was mainly due to lower bad debt expense and a year-over-year change in contingent acquisition obligations, as well as savings on occupancy expense as a result of real estate restructuring actions taken in 2020.
Office and other direct expenses decreased by 14.6% compared to the net revenue increase of 12.3% during the first half of 2021 as compared to the prior-year period. The decrease in office and other direct expenses was mainly due to factors similar to those noted above for the second quarter of 2021 in addition to a decrease in travel and entertainment expenses.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) are primarily the unallocated expenses of our "Corporate and Other" group, as detailed further in the segment discussion later in this MD&A, excluding depreciation and amortization. For the three months ended June 30, 2021, SG&A as a percentage of net revenue increased as compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to increases in incentive expense and employee insurance expense. For the first half of 2021, SG&A as a
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
percentage of net revenue increased as compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to factors similar to those noted for the second quarter of 2021 in addition to an increase in professional consulting fees partially offset by a decrease in travel and entertainment expenses.
Depreciation and Amortization
During the second quarter and first half of 2021, depreciation and amortization expenses decreased compared to the prior-year periods.
Restructuring Charges
Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, the Company took restructuring actions to lower its operating expenses structurally and permanently relative to revenue and to accelerate the transformation of our business (the “2020 Restructuring Plan”). These actions continued through the fourth quarter and most were based on our recent experience and learning in the COVID-19 pandemic and a resulting review of our operations to address certain operating expenses such as occupancy expense and salaries and related expenses.
Lease impairment costs, which relate to the office spaces that were vacated as part of the 2020 Restructuring Plan, included impairments of operating lease right-of-use assets and associated leasehold improvements, furniture and asset retirement obligations in addition to losses and gains related to early lease terminations. Lease impairments were calculated based on estimated fair values using market participant assumptions including forecasted net discounted cash flows related to the operating lease right-of-use assets.
All restructuring actions were identified and initiated in 2020, with all actions completed by the end of the fourth quarter of 2020. The amounts for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 are adjustments to the actions taken in 2020.
The components of the restructuring charges related to the 2020 Restructuring Plan are listed below.

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Severance and termination costs | $ | 0.6 |  |  | $ | 44.6 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |  |  | $ | 44.6 |
Lease impairment costs | (0.9) |  |  | 65.7 |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | 65.7 |
Other restructuring costs | 0.1 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 2.3 |
Total restructuring charges | $ | (0.2) |  |  | $ | 112.6 |  |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | 112.6 |

Net restructuring charges were comprised of $0.0 at IAN, $(0.3) at DXTRA and $0.1 at Corporate and Other for the three month ended June 30, 2021, which include non-cash lease impairment costs of $(0.6) at IAN and $(0.3) at DXTRA. Net restructuring charges were comprised of $0.5 at IAN, $0.5 at DXTRA and $0.1 at Corporate and Other for the six months ended June 30, 2021, which include non-cash lease impairment costs of $(0.7) at IAN, $(0.3) at DXTRA and $(0.1) at Corporate and Other. Net restructuring charges were comprised of $68.8 at IAN and $36.7 at DXTRA for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, which include non-cash lease impairment costs of $35.8 at IAN and $26.8 at DXTRA.
A summary of the restructuring activities taken in the first half of 2021 related to the 2020 Restructuring Plan is as follows:

| 2020 Restructuring Plan
| Liability at December 31, 2020 |  | Restructuring Expense |  | Non-Cash Items |  | Cash Payments |  |  |  | Liability at June 30, 2021
Severance and termination costs | $ | 74.6 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 52.6 |  |  |  |  | $ | 23.8 |
Lease impairment costs | 0.0 |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | 0.0 |  |  |  |  | 0.0 |
Other restructuring costs | 0.0 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  | 0.0 |
Total | $ | 74.6 |  |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | (0.9) |  |  | $ | 52.8 |  |  |  |  | $ | 23.8 |

EXPENSES AND OTHER INCOME
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Cash interest on debt obligations | $ | (41.7) |  |  | $ | (48.5) |  |  | $ | (88.8) |  |  | $ | (91.9) |
Non-cash interest | (0.9) |  |  | (1.3) |  |  | (3.4) |  |  | (2.7) |
Interest expense | (42.6) |  |  | (49.8) |  |  | (92.2) |  |  | (94.6) |
Interest income | 7.6 |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | 14.5 |  |  | 16.6 |
Net interest expense | (35.0) |  |  | (43.9) |  |  | (77.7) |  |  | (78.0) |
Other income (expense), net | 4.7 |  |  | (21.5) |  |  | (79.2) |  |  | (43.3) |
Total (expenses) and other income | $ | (30.3) |  |  | $ | (65.4) |  |  | $ | (156.9) |  |  | $ | (121.3) |

Net interest expense decreased by $8.9 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to a year ago, primarily attributable to decreased cash interest expense as a result of our $500.0 in aggregate principal amount 3.500% unsecured senior notes that matured in the fourth quarter of 2020, as well as an increase in interest income.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 include certain items that are not directly associated with our revenue-producing operations.

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Loss on early extinguishment of debt | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (74.0) |  |  | $ | — |
Net losses on sales of businesses | (1.7) |  |  | (19.9) |  |  | (14.2) |  |  | (43.2) |
Other | 6.4 |  |  | (1.6) |  |  | 9.0 |  |  | (0.1) |
Total other income (expense), net | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | (21.5) |  |  | $ | (79.2) |  |  | $ | (43.3) |

Loss on early extinguishment of debt – During the first quarter of 2021, we recorded a loss of $74.0 related to the early extinguishment of our $250.0 in aggregate principal amount 4.000% unsecured senior notes due 2022, $500.0 in aggregate principal amount 3.750% unsecured senior notes due 2023, and $250.0 of the $500.0 in aggregate principal amount 4.200% unsecured senior notes due 2024. See Note 3 in Item 1, unaudited Consolidated Financial Statement s, for further information.
Net losses on sales of businesses – During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the amounts recognized were related to sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets and liabilities, consisting primarily of cash, as held for sale, within our IAN and DXTRA reportable segments. The businesses held for sale primarily represent unprofitable, non-strategic agencies which are expected to be sold within the next twelve months.
INCOME TAXES

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | $ | 354.1 |  |  | $ | (24.9) |  |  | $ | 470.5 |  |  | $ | (4.9) |
Provision for income taxes | $ | 86.7 |  |  | $ | 19.0 |  |  | $ | 110.5 |  |  | $ | 36.2 |

Our tax rates are affected by many factors, including our worldwide earnings from various countries, changes in legislation and tax characteristics of our income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, our income tax expense was positively impacted by excess tax benefits on employee share-based payments, the majority of which were recognized in the first quarter due to the timing of the vesting of awards, and the revaluation of deferred tax balances resulting from the enactment of tax law changes. This was partially offset by net losses on sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets as held for sale for which we received minimal tax benefit, as well as by losses in certain foreign jurisdictions where we receive no tax benefit due to 100% valuation allowances.
For the three months ended June 30, 2020, our income tax provision was negatively impacted by losses in certain foreign jurisdictions where we received no tax benefit due to 100% valuation allowances, by net losses on sales of businesses and the
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
classification of certain assets as held for sale for which we received no tax benefit and by tax expense associated with the change to our assertion regarding the permanent reinvestment of undistributed earnings attributable to certain foreign subsidiaries.
For the six months ended June 30, 2020, our income tax provision was negatively impacted by the same factors noted for the three months ended June 30, 2020 in addition to net losses on sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets as held for sale, for which we received minimal tax benefit.
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share available to IPG common stockholders for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 was $0.67 and $0.90, respectively, compared to loss per share of $0.12 and $0.11 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Diluted earnings per share available to IPG common stockholders for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 was $0.66 and $0.89, respectively, compared to diluted loss per share of $0.12 and $0.11 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively.
Basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended June 30, 2021 include d a negative i mpact of $0.04 from the amortization of acquired intangibles.
Basic and diluted earnings per share for the six months ended June 30, 2021 included a negative impact of $0.09 from the amortization of acquired intangibles, a negative impact of $0.03 from net losses on sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets as held for sale and a negative impact of $0.14 from the loss on early extinguishment of debt.
Basic and diluted loss per share for the three months ended June 30, 2020 included a negative impact of $0.05 from the amortization of acquired intangibles, a negative impact of $0.22 from restructuring charges, a negative impact of $0.05 from net losses on sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets as held for sale, and a negative impact of $0.03 from a discrete tax item.
Basic and diluted loss per share for the six months ended June 30, 2020 included a negative impact of $0.09 from the amortization of acquired intangibles, a negative impact of $0.22 from restructuring charges, a negative impact of $0.11 from net losses on sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets as held for sale, and a negative impact of $0.03 from a discrete tax item.
Segment Results of Operations – Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 Compared to Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
As discussed in Note 11 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, we have two reportable segments as of June 30, 2021: IAN and DXTRA. We also report results for the “Corporate and Other” group.
IAN
Net Revenue

|  |  | Components of Change |  |  |  | Change
| Three months ended June 30, 2020 | Foreign Currency |  | Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures) |  | Organic |  | Three months ended June 30, 2021 | Organic |  | Total
Consolidated | $ | 1,585.7 |  |  | $ | 48.6 |  |  | $ | (5.4) |  |  | $ | 325.6 |  |  | $ | 1,954.5 |  |  | 20.5 | % |  | 23.3 | %
Domestic | 1,048.4 |  |  | — |  |  | (3.8) |  |  | 180.7 |  |  | 1,225.3 |  |  | 17.2 | % |  | 16.9 | %
International | 537.3 |  |  | 48.6 |  |  | (1.6) |  |  | 144.9 |  |  | 729.2 |  |  | 27.0 | % |  | 35.7 | %

The organic increase during the second quarter of 2021 was driven by net higher spending from existing clients across all sectors, most notably in the healthcare, technology and telecom, retail, and auto and transportation sectors, which also increased due to net client wins. The 17.2% organic increase during the second quarter of 2021 in our domestic market was driven by growth across all disciplines, most notably in our advertising and media businesses. In our international markets, the 27.0% organic increase was driven by strong performance at our media and advertising businesses as well as our digital project-based offerings throughout all geographic regions.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)

|  |  | Components of Change |  |  |  | Change
| Six months ended June 30, 2020 | Foreign Currency |  | Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures) |  | Organic |  | Six months ended June 30, 2021 | Organic |  | Total
Consolidated | $ | 3,250.2 |  |  | $ | 71.4 |  |  | $ | (11.4) |  |  | $ | 378.4 |  |  | $ | 3,688.6 |  |  | 11.6 | % |  | 13.5 | %
Domestic | 2,160.3 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | (8.1) |  |  | 186.6 |  |  | 2,338.8 |  |  | 8.6 | % |  | 8.3 | %
International | 1,089.9 |  |  | 71.4 |  |  | (3.3) |  |  | 191.8 |  |  | 1,349.8 |  |  | 17.6 | % |  | 23.8 | %

The organic increase during the first half of 2021 was mainly attributable to a combination of higher spending from existing clients and net client wins in the healthcare, retail, auto and transportation, and technology and telecom sectors. The organic increases during the first half of 2021 in our domestic market of 8.6% and our international market of 17.6% were primarily driven by factors similar to those noted above for the second quarter of 2021.
Segment EBITA

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Change |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Change
Segment EBITA 1 | $ | 382.9 |  | $ | 100.4 |  | >100% |  | $ | 637.2 |  | $ | 199.4 |  | >100%
Segment EBITA margin on net revenue 1 | 19.6 | % |  | 6.3 | % |  |  |  | 17.3 | % |  | 6.1 | % |  |

1 Segment EBITA and Segment EBITA margin on net revenue include restructuring charges of $0.5 in the six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $68.8 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. See “Restructuring Charges” in this MD&A and Note 7 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Segment EBITA margin expanded during the second quarter of 2021 compared to the prior-year period, as the increase in net revenue, as discussed above, outpaced the overall increase in our operating expense, excluding billable expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles. Net revenue growth of 23.3% outpaced the increase in salaries and related expenses as compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to leverage in base salaries, benefits and tax, partially offset by increased incentive expense, primarily related to better-than-projected performance, and increased temporary help expense. Severance expense decreased primarily as a result of the initiatives taken in the comparable prior-year quarter. Office and other direct expense decreased mainly due to lower bad debt expense and a change in year-over-year contingent acquisition obligations, as well as savings on occupancy expense as a result of our real estate restructuring actions taken in 2020. During the second quarter of 2020, segment EBITA included restructuring charges of $68.8.
Segment EBITA margin increased during the first half of 2021 when compared to the prior-year period, as net revenue increased 13.5% while operating expenses, excluding billable expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles, remained flat. Net revenue growth outpaced the increase in salaries and related expenses as compared to the prior year period, mainly due to factors similar to those noted above for the second quarter of 2021. Office and other direct expenses decreased mainly due to factors similar to those noted above for the second quarter of 2021 in addition to a decrease in travel and entertainment expenses. During the first half of 2021, segment EBITA included restructuring charges of $0.5, compared to restructuring charges of $68.8 during the first half of 2020.
Depreciation and amortization, excluding amortization of acquired intangibles, as a percentage of net revenue was 2.2% and 2.3% during the second quarter and first half of 2021, respectively, which decreased compared to the prior-year periods.
DXTRA
Net Revenue

|  |  | Components of Change |  |  |  | Change
| Three months ended June 30, 2020 | Foreign Currency |  | Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures) |  | Organic |  | Three months ended June 30, 2021 | Organic |  | Total
Consolidated | $ | 267.7 |  |  | $ | 9.5 |  |  | $ | (2.6) |  |  | $ | 40.5 |  |  | $ | 315.1 |  |  | 15.1 | % |  | 17.7 | %
Domestic | 178.8 |  |  | — |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | 32.4 |  |  | 210.2 |  |  | 18.1 | % |  | 17.6 | %
International | 88.9 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | (1.6) |  |  | 8.1 |  |  | 104.9 |  |  | 9.1 | % |  | 18.0 | %

The organic increase during the second quarter of 2021 was mainly attributable to net higher spending from existing clients in the auto and transportation, food and beverage and consumer goods sectors. The organic increase during the second quarter
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(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
of 2021 in our domestic market was driven by revenue increases at our public relations agencies and sports and experiential marketing businesses. In our international market, the organic increase was primarily driven by growth across all disciplines, most notably in the United Kingdom and Continental Europe regions.

|  |  | Components of Change |  |  |  | Change
| Six months ended June 30, 2020 | Foreign Currency |  | Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures) |  | Organic |  | Six months ended June 30, 2021 | Organic |  | Total
Consolidated | $ | 575.3 |  |  | $ | 16.0 |  |  | $ | (8.3) |  |  | $ | 25.7 |  |  | $ | 608.7 |  |  | 4.5 | % |  | 5.8 | %
Domestic | 386.9 |  |  | — |  |  | (4.1) |  |  | 23.7 |  |  | 406.5 |  |  | 6.1 | % |  | 5.1 | %
International | 188.4 |  |  | 16.0 |  |  | (4.2) |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 202.2 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  | 7.3 | %

The organic increase during the first half of 2021 was mainly attributable to higher spending from existing clients in the food and beverage, consumer goods, and auto and transportation sectors. The organic increase during the first half of 2021 in our domestic market was driven by the factors similar to those noted above for the second quarter of 2021. The organic increase during the first half of 2021 in our international market was primarily driven by increases at our public relations agencies and brand consultancy businesses, primarily in the United Kingdom, partially offset by revenue decreases at our sports and experiential marketing businesses, primarily in Asia Pacific region.
Segment EBITA

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Change |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Change
Segment EBITA 1 | $ | 54.7 |  | $ | (26.3) |  | >100% |  | $ | 95.1 |  | $ | (4.0) |  | >100%
Segment EBITA margin on net revenue 1 | 17.4 | % |  | (9.8) | % |  |  |  | 15.6 | % |  | (0.7) | % |  |

1 Segment EBITA and Segment EBITA margin on net revenue include restructuring charges of $(0.3) and $0.5 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $36.7 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. See “Restructuring Charges” in this MD&A and Note 7 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Segment EBITA margin increased during the second quarter of 2021 compared to the prior-year period, as net revenue increased, as discussed above, and our operating expenses, excluding billable expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles, decreased. Net revenue growth of 17.7% outpaced the increase in salaries and related expenses, as compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to leverage in base salaries, benefits and tax and severance expense as a result of the initiatives taken in the comparable prior-year quarter, partially offset by increased incentive expense, primarily related to better-than-projected performance, and increased temporary help expense. Office and other direct expense decreased mainly due to a change in year-over-year contingent acquisition obligations and a decrease in new business and promotion expenses, as well as savings on occupancy expense as a result of our real estate restructuring actions taken in 2020. During the second quarter of 2021, segment EBITA included restructuring charges of $(0.3) compared to restructuring charges of $36.7 during the second quarter of 2020.
Segment EBITA margin increased during the first half of 2021 when compared to the prior-year period, as net revenue increased 5.8% while operating expenses, excluding billable expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles, decreased. Net revenue growth outpaced the increase in salaries and related expenses as compared to the prior year period, mainly due to factors similar to those noted above for the second quarter of 2021. Office and other direct expenses decreased mainly due to factors similar to those noted above for the second quarter of 2021, in addition to a decrease in travel and entertainment expense. During the first half of 2021, segment EBITA included restructuring charges of $0.5 compared to the restructuring charges of $36.7 during the first half of 2020.
Depreciation and amortization, excluding amortization of acquired intangibles, as a percentage of net revenue was 1.4% during the second quarter and first half of 2021, which decreased as compared to the prior-year periods.
CORPORATE AND OTHER
Corporate and Other is primarily comprised of selling, general and administrative expenses including corporate office expenses as well as shared service center and certain other centrally managed expenses that are not fully allocated to operating divisions; salaries, long-term incentives, annual bonuses and other miscellaneous benefits for corporate office employees; professional fees related to internal control compliance, financial statement audits and legal, information technology and other
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(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
consulting services that are engaged and managed through the corporate office; and rental expense for properties occupied by corporate office employees. A portion of centrally managed expenses is allocated to operating divisions based on a formula that uses the planned revenues of each of the operating units. Amounts allocated also include specific charges for information technology-related projects, which are allocated based on utilization.
During the second quarter of 2021, Corporate and Other expenses increased by $19.8 to $31.6 compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to increases in incentive expense and employee insurance expense. During the first half of 2021, Corporate and Other expenses increased by $25.8 to $61.7 compared to the prior-year period, primarily attributable to factors similar to those noted for the second quarter of 2021 in addition to increases in professional consulting fees.
During the second quarter and first half of 2021, Corporate and Other expense included $0.1 of restructuring charges, compared to $7.1 of restructuring charges during the second quarter and first half of 2020.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
CASH FLOW OVERVIEW
The following tables summarize key financial data relating to our liquidity, capital resources and uses of capital.

| Six months ended June 30,
Cash Flow Data | 2021 |  | 2020
Net income, adjusted to reconcile to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 1 | $ | 683.0 |  |  | $ | 286.4 |
Net cash used in working capital 2 | (395.3) |  |  | (636.5) |
Changes in other assets and liabilities using cash | (69.3) |  |  | (14.1) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | 218.4 |  |  | $ | (364.2) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (43.1) |  |  | (93.3) |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (314.5) |  |  | 377.7 |

1 Reflects net income (loss) adjusted primarily for depreciation and amortization of fixed assets and intangible assets, loss on early extinguishment of debt, deferred income taxes, amortization of restricted stock and other non-cash compensation, net losses on sales of businesses and non-cash restructuring charges.
2 Reflects changes in accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and contract liabilities.
Operating Activities
Due to the seasonality of our business, we typically use cash from working capital in the first nine months of a year, with the largest impact in the first quarter, and generate cash from working capital in the fourth quarter, driven by the seasonally strong media spending by our clients. Qua rterly and annual working capital results are impacted by the fluctuating annual media spending budgets of our clients as well as their changing media spending patterns throughout each year across various countries.
The timing of media buying on behalf of our clients across various countries affects our working capital and operating cash flow and can be volatile. In most of our businesses, our agencies enter into commitments to pay production and media costs on behalf of clients. To the extent possible, we pay production and media charges after we have received funds from our clients. The amounts involved, which substantially exceed our revenues, primarily affect the level of accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and contract liabilities. Our assets include both cash received and accounts receivable from clients for these pass-through arrangements, while our liabilities include amounts owed on behalf of clients to media and production suppliers. Our accrued liabilities are also affected by the timing of certain other payments. For example, while annual cash incentive awards are accrued throughout the year, they are generally paid during the first quarter of the subsequent year.
Net cash provided by operating activities during the first half of 2021 was $218.4, which was an increase of $582.6 as compared to the first half of 2020, primarily due to our increase in net income and a decrease in working capital usage of $241.2. Working capital was impacted by the spending levels of our clients and was primarily attributable to our media business.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities during the first half of 2021 was $43.1, which was a decrease of $50.2 as compared to the first half of 2020, primarily due to an increase from net proceeds from investments during the first half of 2021 as well as a
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(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
decrease in capital expenditures, which consisted primarily of decreases in computer software. The payments for capital expenditures were $62.1 and $71.9 in the first half of 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities during the first half of 2021 was $314.5, primarily driven by payment for the early extinguishment of long-term debt of $1,066.8 in the first quarter of 2021 and the payment of common stock dividends of $215.2, partially offset by the net proceeds of $998.1 from the issuance of our $500.0 aggregate principal amount of 2.400% unsecured senior notes due 2031 (the "2.400% Senior Notes") and $500.0 aggregate principal amount of 3.375% unsecured senior notes due 2041 (the "3.375% Senior Notes") in the first quarter of 2021. See Note 3 in Item 1, Financial Statements, for further information.
Net cash provided by financing activities during the first half of 2020 was primarily driven by the net proceeds of $646.2 from the issuance of our 4.750% unsecured senior notes due 2030, partially offset by the payment of common stock dividends of $199.2.
Foreign Exchange Rate Changes
The effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows resulted in a net decrease of $27.9 during the first half of 2021. The decrease was primarily a result of the U.S. Dollar being stronger than several foreign currencies, including the Euro, British Pound Sterling and Australian Dollar as of June 30, 2021 as compared to December 31, 2020.
LIQUIDITY OUTLOOK
We expect our cash flow from operations and existing cash and cash equivalents to be sufficient to meet our anticipated operating requirements at a minimum for the next twelve months. We also have a commercial paper program, a committed corporate credit facility, and uncommitted lines of credit to support our operating needs. Borrowings under our commercial paper program are supported by our committed corporate credit agreement. We continue to maintain a disciplined approach to managing liquidity, with flexibility over significant uses of cash, including our capital expenditures, cash used for new acquisitions, our common stock repurchase program and our common stock dividends.
From time to time, we evaluate market conditions and financing alternatives for opportunities to raise additional funds or otherwise improve our liquidity profile, enhance our financial flexibility and manage market risk. Our ability to access the capital markets depends on a number of factors, which include those specific to us, such as our credit ratings, and those related to the financial markets, such as the amount or terms of available credit. There can be no guarantee that we would be able to access new sources of liquidity, or continue to access existing sources of liquidity, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.
Funding Requirements
Our most significant funding requirements include our operations, non-cancelable operating lease obligations, capital expenditures, acquisitions, common stock dividends, taxes, and debt service. Additionally, we may be required to make payments to minority shareholders in certain subsidiaries if they exercise their options to sell us their equity interests.
Notable funding requirements include:
•Debt service – Our 3.750% unsecured senior notes in aggregate principal amount of $500.0 mature on October 1, 2021. We expect to use available cash on hand as well as additional short-term borrowings as needed to fund the principal repayment. As of June 30, 2021, we had outstanding short-term borrowings of $56.7 from our uncommitted lines of credit used primarily to fund short-term working capital needs. The remainder of our debt is primarily long-term, with maturities scheduled from 2024 through 2048.
•Acquisitions – We paid deferred payments of $49.2 for prior-year acquisitions as well as ownership increases in our consolidated subsidiaries in the first half of 2021. In addition to potential cash expenditures for new acquisitions, we expect to pay approximately $33.0 over the next twelve months related to all completed acquisitions as of June 30, 2021. We may also be required to pay approximately $20.0 related to redeemable noncontrolling interest held by minority shareholders, if exercised, over the next twelve months. We will continue to evaluate strategic opportunities to grow and continue to strengthen our market position, particularly in our digital and marketing services offerings, and to expand our presence in high-growth and key strategic world markets.
•Dividends – In the first half of 2021, we paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.270 per share on our common stock, which corresponded to an aggregate dividend payment of $215.2. Assuming we pay a quarterly dividend of $0.270 per
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(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
share, and there is no significant change in the number of outstanding shares as of June 30, 2021, we would expect to pay approximately $425.0 over the next twelve months. Whether to declare and the amount of any such future dividend is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon factors such as our earnings, financial position and cash requirements.
•Restructuring – All restructuring charges were identified and initiated in 2020, with all actions completed by the end of the fourth quarter of 2020. Restructuring charges of $1.1 during the first half of 2021 are adjustments to the actions taken in 2020. As of June 30, 2021, our remaining liability related to restructuring actions was $23.8.
Share Repurchase Program
On July 2, 2018, in connection with the announcement of the Acxiom acquisition, we announced that share repurchases will be suspended for a period of time in order to reduce the increased debt levels incurred in conjunction with the acquisition. As of June 30, 2021, $338.4, excluding fees, remains available for repurchase under the share repurchase programs authorized in previous years, which have no expiration date.
FINANCING AND SOURCES OF FUNDS
Substantially all of our operating cash flow is generated by our agencies. Our cash balances are held in numerous jurisdictions throughout the world, including at the holding company level. Below is a summary of our sources of liquidity.
Credit Arrangements
We maintain a committed corporate credit facility, originally dated as of July 18, 2008, which has been amended and restated from time to time (the “Credit Agreement”). We use our Credit Agreement to increase our financial flexibility, to provide letters of credit primarily to support obligations of our subsidiaries and to support our commercial paper program. The Credit Agreement is a revolving facility, expiring in November 2024, under which amounts borrowed by us or any of our subsidiaries designated under the Credit Agreement may be repaid and reborrowed, subject to an aggregate lending limit of $1,500.0, or the equivalent in other currencies. The Company has the ability to increase the commitments under the Credit Agreement from time to time by an additional amount of up to $250.0, provided the Company receives commitments for such increases and satisfies certain other conditions. The aggregate available amount of letters of credit outstanding may decrease or increase, subject to a sublimit of $50.0, or the equivalent in other currencies. Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are unsecured. As of June 30, 2021, there were no borrowings under the Credit Agreement; however, we had $10.0 of letters of credit under the Credit Agreement, which reduced our total availability to $1,490.0.
On March 27, 2020, we entered into an agreement for a 364-day revolving credit facility (the “364-Day Credit Facility”) that matured on March 26, 2021. The 364-Day Credit Facility was a revolving facility, under which amounts borrowed by us were to be repaid and reborrowed, subject to an aggregate lending limit of $500.0. The cost structure of the 364-Day Credit Agreement was based on our credit ratings. The applicable margin for Base Rate Advances (as defined in the 364-Day Credit Facility) was 0.250%, the applicable margin for Eurodollar Rate Advances (as defined in the 364-Day Credit Facility) was 1.250%, and the facility fee payable on a lender’s revolving commitment was 0.250%. The leverage ratio and other covenants set forth in the 364-Day Credit Facility were equivalent to the covenants contained in the Company’s existing Credit Agreement, which remains in full effect.
We were in compliance with all of our covenants in the Credit Agreement as of June 30, 2021. The Credit Agreement includes covenants that, among other things, (i) limit our liens and the liens of our consolidated subsidiaries, and (ii) limit subsidiary debt. The financial covenant in the Credit Agreement requires that we maintain, as of the end of each fiscal quarter, a certain leverage ratio for the four quarters then ended. The table below sets forth the financial covenant in effect as of June 30, 2021.
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(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)

|  | Four Quarters Ended |  |  |  | Four Quarters Ended
Financial Covenant |  | June 30, 2021 |  | Credit Agreement EBITDA Reconciliation |  | June 30, 2021
Leverage ratio (not greater than) 1, 2 |  | 4.25x |  | Net income available to IPG common stockholders |  | $ | 747.0 |
Actual leverage ratio |  | 2.10x |  | Non-operating adjustments 3 |  | 352.4 |
|  |  |  | Operating income |  | 1,099.4 |
|  |  |  | Add: |  |
|  |  |  | Depreciation and amortization |  | 399.5 |
|  |  |  | Other non-cash charges reducing operating income |  | 154.9 |
|  |  |  | Credit Agreement EBITDA 1 |  | $ | 1,653.8 |

1 The leverage ratio is defined as debt as of the last day of such fiscal quarter to EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the four quarters then ended.
2 On July 28, 2020, we entered into Amendment No.1 to the Credit Agreement, which increased the maximum leverage ratio covenant to (i) 4.25x through the quarter ended June 30, 2021, and (ii) 3.50x thereafter.
3 Includes adjustments of the following items from our Consolidated Statements of Operations: (benefit of) provision for income taxes, total (expenses) and other income, equity in net (loss) income of unconsolidated affiliates, and net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests.
Uncommitted Lines of Credit
We also have uncommitted lines of credit with various banks that permit borrowings at variable interest rates and that are primarily used to fund working capital needs. We have guaranteed the repayment of some of these borrowings made by certain subsidiaries. If we lose access to these credit lines, we would have to provide funding directly to some of our operations. As of June 30, 2021, the Company had uncommitted lines of credit in an aggregate amount of $965.9, under which we had outstanding borrowings of $56.7 classified as short-term borrowings on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The average amount outstanding during the second quarter of 2021 was $68.7 with weighted-average interest rate of approximately 3.0%.
Commercial Paper
The Company is authorized to issue unsecured commercial paper up to a maximum aggregate amount outstanding at any time of $1,500.0. Borrowings under the program are supported by the Credit Agreement described above. Proceeds of the commercial paper are used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including the repayment of maturing indebtedness and other short-term liquidity needs. The maturities of the commercial paper vary but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue. During the second quarter of 2021, there was no commercial paper activity, and as of June 30, 2021, there was no commercial paper outstanding.
Cash Pooling
We aggregate our domestic cash position on a daily basis. Outside the United States, we use cash pooling arrangements with banks to help manage our liquidity requirements. In these pooling arrangements, several IPG agencies agree with a single bank that the cash balances of any of the agencies with the bank will be subject to a full right of set-off against amounts other agencies owe the bank, and the bank provides for overdrafts as long as the net balance for all agencies does not exceed an agreed-upon level. Typically, each agency pays interest on outstanding overdrafts and receives interest on cash balances. Our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets reflect cash, net of bank overdrafts, under all of our pooling arrangements, and as of June 30, 2021, the amount netted was $2,758.7.
DEBT CREDIT RATINGS
Our debt credit ratings as of July 15, 2021, are listed below.

| Moody’s Investors Service |  | S&P Global Ratings |  | Fitch Ratings
Short-term rating | P-2 |  | A-2 |  | F2
Long-term rating | Baa2 |  | BBB |  | BBB+
Outlook | Stable |  | Stable |  | Stable

The most recent update to our outlook occurred in April 2021 when Moody's Investor Service changed from Negative to Stable. A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning credit rating agency. The rating of each credit rating agency should be evaluated independently of any other rating. Credit ratings could have an impact on liquidity, either adverse or favorable, because, among other things, they
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(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
could affect funding costs in the capital markets or otherwise. For example, our Credit Agreement fees and borrowing rates are based on a credit ratings grid, and our access to the commercial paper market is contingent on our maintenance of sufficient short-term debt ratings.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, included in our 2020 Annual Report. As summarized in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in our 2020 Annual Report, we believe that certain of these policies are critical because they are important to the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations, and they require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to estimate the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. These critical estimates relate to revenue recognition, income taxes, goodwill and other intangible assets, and pension and postretirement benefits. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be relevant under the circumstances. Estimation methodologies are applied consistently from year to year, and there have been no significant changes in the application of critical accounting estimates since December 31, 2020, other than as noted below. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
See Note 14 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on certain accounting standards that have been recently adopted or that have not yet been required to be implemented and may be applicable to our future operations.
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(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURE
This MD&A includes both financial measures in accordance with U.S. GAAP, as well as a non-GAAP financial measure. The non-GAAP financial measure represents Net Income (Loss) Available to IPG Common Stockholders before Provision for Income Taxes, Total (Expenses) and Other Income, Equity in Net Income (Loss) of Unconsolidated Affiliates, Net (Income) Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests and Amortization of Acquired Intangibles, which we refer to as “Adjusted EBITA”.
Adjusted EBITA should be viewed as supplemental to, and not as an alternative for Net Income (Loss) Available to IPG Common Stockholders calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP (“net income”) or operating income calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP (“operating income”). This section also includes reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures, as presented below.
Adjusted EBITA is used by our management as an additional measure of our Company’s performance for purposes of business decision-making, including developing budgets, managing expenditures and evaluating potential acquisitions or divestitures. Period-to-period comparisons of Adjusted EBITA help our management identify additional trends in our Company’s financial results that may not be shown solely by period-to-period comparisons of net income or operating income. In addition, we use Adjusted EBITA in the incentive compensation programs applicable to some of our employees in order to evaluate our Company’s performance. Our management recognizes that Adjusted EBITA has inherent limitations because of the excluded items, particularly those items that are recurring in nature. Management also reviews operating income and net income as well as the specific items that are excluded from Adjusted EBITA, but included in net income or operating income, as well as trends in those items. The amounts of those items are set forth, for the applicable periods, in the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITA to net income that accompany our disclosure documents containing non-GAAP financial measures, including the reconciliations contained in this MD&A.
We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITA is useful to investors in their analysis of our results for reasons similar to the reasons why our management finds it useful and because it helps facilitate investor understanding of decisions made by management in light of the performance metrics used in making those decisions. In addition, as more fully described below, we believe that providing Adjusted EBITA, together with a reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to net income, helps investors make comparisons between our Company and other companies that may have different capital structures, different effective income tax rates and tax attributes, different capitalized asset values and/or different forms of employee compensation. However, Adjusted EBITA is intended to provide a supplemental way of comparing our Company with other public companies and is not intended as a substitute for comparisons based on net income or operating income. In making any comparisons to other companies, investors need to be aware that companies may use different non-GAAP measures to evaluate their financial performance. Investors should pay close attention to the specific definition being used and to the reconciliation between such measures and the corresponding U.S. GAAP measures provided by each company under the applicable rules of the SEC.
The following is an explanation of the items excluded by us from Adjusted EBITA but included in net income (loss):
•Total (Expense) and Other Income, Provision for Income Taxes, Equity in Net Income (Loss) of Unconsolidated Affiliates and Net (Income) Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests. We exclude these items (i) because these items are not directly attributable to the performance of our business operations and, accordingly, their exclusion assists management and investors in making period-to-period comparisons of operating performance and (ii) to assist management and investors in making comparisons to companies with different capital structures. Investors should note that these items will recur in future periods.
•Amortization of Acquired Intangibles. Amortization of acquired intangibles is a non-cash expense relating to intangible assets arising from acquisitions that are expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the related assets. We exclude amortization of acquired intangibles because we believe that (i) the amount of such expenses in any specific period may not directly correlate to the underlying performance of our business operations and (ii) such expenses can vary significantly between periods as a result of new acquisitions and full amortization of previously acquired intangible assets. Accordingly, we believe that this exclusion assists management and investors in making period-to-period comparisons of operating performance. Investors should note that the use of intangible assets contributed to revenue in the periods presented and will contribute to future revenue generation and should also note that such expense may recur in future periods.
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(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
The following table presents the reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) Available to IPG Common Stockholders to Adjusted EBITA for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Net Revenue | $ | 2,269.6 |  |  | $ | 1,853.4 |  |  | $ | 4,297.3 |  |  | $ | 3,825.5 |
Adjusted EBITA Reconciliation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income (Loss) Available to IPG Common Stockholders 1 | $ | 263.3 |  |  | $ | (45.6) |  |  | $ | 355.0 |  |  | $ | (40.9) |
Add Back: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | 86.7 |  |  | 19.0 |  |  | 110.5 |  |  | 36.2 |
Subtract: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total (expenses) and other income | (30.3) |  |  | (65.4) |  |  | (156.9) |  |  | (121.3) |
Equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates | 0.4 |  |  | 0.0 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | (0.2) |
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (4.5) |  |  | (1.7) |  |  | (5.2) |  |  | 0.4 |
Operating Income 1 | 384.4 |  |  | 40.5 |  |  | 627.4 |  |  | 116.4 |
Add Back: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of acquired intangibles | 21.6 |  |  | 21.8 |  |  | 43.2 |  |  | 43.1 |
Adjusted EBITA 1 | $ | 406.0 |  |  | $ | 62.3 |  |  | $ | 670.6 |  |  | $ | 159.5 |
Adjusted EBITA Margin on Net Revenue | 17.9 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  | 15.6 | % |  | 4.2 | %

1 Calculations include restructuring charges of $(0.2) and $1.1 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and $112.6 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. See “Restructuring Charges” in this MD&A and Note 7 in Item 1, Financial Statements, for further information
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Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risks related to interest rates, foreign currency rates and certain balance sheet items. From time to time, we use derivative instruments, pursuant to established guidelines and policies, to manage some portion of these risks. Derivative instruments utilized in our hedging activities are viewed as risk management tools and are not used for trading or speculative purposes. There has been no significant change in our exposure to market risk during the second quarter of 2021. Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates primarily relates to the fair market value and cash flows of our debt obligations. As of both June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, approximately 97% of our debt obligations bore fixed interest rates. For further discussion of our exposure to market risk, refer to Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, in our 2020 Annual Report.

Item 4. | Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of June 30, 2021, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in internal control over financial reporting in the quarter ended June 30, 2021, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | Legal Proceedings

Information about our legal proceedings is set forth in Note 13 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. | Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our 2020 Annual Report, on Form 10-K (the “2020 Annual Report”), which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. In the second quarter of 2021, there have been no material changes in the risk factors we have previously disclosed in Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our 2020 Annual Report. The risks described in our 2020 Annual Report, which include the impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations, are not the only risks we face, and additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(c)The following table provides information regarding our purchases of our equity securities during the period from April 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021:

| Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased 1 |  | Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) 2 |  | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs 3 |  | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs 3
April 1 - 30 | 26,292 |  |  | $ | 31.74 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 338,421,933 |
May 1 - 31 | 12,999 |  |  | $ | 33.35 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 338,421,933 |
June 1 - 30 | 539 |  |  | $ | 32.18 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 338,421,933 |
Total | 39,830 |  |  | $ | 32.27 |  |  | — |  |  |

1 The total number of shares of our common stock, par value $0.10 per share, purchased were withheld under the terms of grants under employee stock-based compensation plans to offset tax withholding obligations that arose upon vesting and release of restricted shares (the “Withheld Shares”).
2 The average price per share for each of the months in the fiscal quarter and for the three-month period was calculated by dividing (a) the sum for the applicable period of the aggregate value of the tax withholding obligations by (b) the sum of the number of Withheld Shares.
3 In February 2017, the Company's Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized a share repurchase program to repurchase from time to time up to $300.0 million, excluding fees, of our common stock (the “2017 Share Repurchase Program”). In February 2018, the Board authorized a share repurchase program to repurchase from time to time up to $300.0 million, excluding fees, of our common stock, which was in addition to any amounts remaining under the 2017 Share Repurchase Program. On July 2, 2018, in connection with the announcement of the Acxiom acquisition, we announced that share repurchases will be suspended for a period of time in order to reduce the increased debt levels incurred in conjunction with the acquisition, and no shares were repurchased pursuant to the share repurchase programs in the periods reflected. There are no expiration dates associated with the share repurchase programs.

Item 6. | Exhibits

All exhibits required pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K to be filed as part of this report or incorporated herein by reference to other documents are listed in the Index to Exhibits below. The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and you should not rely on them for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by us in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.
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INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. |  | Description
31.1 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
10.1 |  | Employment Agreement between the Corporation and Philippe Krakowsky, effective as of January 1, 2021, entered into on July 22, 2021.
101 |  | Interactive Data File, for the period ended June 30, 2021. The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File. The cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document and are included in Exhibit 101.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC.
| By | /s/ Philippe Krakowsky
|  | Philippe Krakowsky Chief Executive Officer

Date: July 26, 2021

| By | /s/ Christopher F. Carroll
|  | Christopher F. Carroll Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: July 26, 2021
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