| Net Loss per Share |
Net Loss per Share Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 are calculated as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Years Ended
December 31, | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | Numerator: | | | | | | Net loss | $ | (514,021 | ) | | $ | (384,734 | ) | | $ | (255,916 | ) | Premium paid on repurchase of redeemable convertible preferred stock | — |
| | (4,127 | ) | | — |
| Cumulative dividends on redeemable convertible preferred stock | — |
| | (12,996 | ) | | (13,925 | ) | Net loss attributable to common stockholders | $ | (514,021 | ) | | $ | (401,857 | ) | | $ | (269,841 | ) | Denominator: | | | | | | Weighted average common shares used in net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted | 330,802,136 |
| | 81,114,183 |
| | 64,497,544 |
| Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted | $ | (1.55 | ) | | $ | (4.95 | ) | | $ | (4.18 | ) |
The following common stock equivalents, presented based on amounts outstanding as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods indicated because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive: | | | | | | | | | | | December 31, | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | Redeemable convertible preferred stock | — |
| | — |
| | 205,151,299 |
| Stock options | 45,536,915 |
| | 50,821,132 |
| | 33,684,134 |
| Restricted common stock | — |
| | 198,597 |
| | 1,081,205 |
| Restricted common stock units | 1,177,249 |
| | 458,715 |
| | 458,715 |
| | 46,714,164 |
| | 51,478,444 |
| | 240,375,353 |
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