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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Loss Before Provision For (Benefit From) Income Taxes | Loss before provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 consist of the following (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
United States | $ | (745,445) |  |  | $ | (508,595) |  |  | $ | (380,473) |
Foreign | 932 |  |  | (6,121) |  |  | (3,935) |
Loss before provision for (benefit from) income taxes | $ | (744,513) |  |  | $ | (514,716) |  |  | $ | (384,408) |
Provision For (Benefit From) Income Taxes | The provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 consist of the following components (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (26) |
State | 32 |  |  | 505 |  |  | 352 |
Foreign | 2,519 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total current | 2,551 |  |  | 505 |  |  | 326 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | — |  |  | (1,200) |  |  | — |
Total deferred | — |  |  | (1,200) |  |  | — |
Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes | $ | 2,551 |  |  | $ | (695) |  |  | $ | 326 |
Reconciliation of U.S. Statutory Income Tax Rate to Effective Tax Rate | The reconciliation of the U.S. statutory income tax rate to our effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Tax effected at statutory rate | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
State taxes, net of federal benefit | 3.6 | % |  | 7.9 | % |  | 6.3 | %
Non-deductible items | (0.8) | % |  | 1.6 | % |  | — | %
Change in valuation allowance | (47.4) | % |  | (33.0) | % |  | (28.5) | %
Federal research and development credits | 3.8 | % |  | 2.5 | % |  | 1.5 | %
Foreign tax rate differential | 0.0 | % |  | (0.2) | % |  | (0.2) | %
Stock compensation windfall | 19.8 | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Other | (0.3) | % |  | 0.2 | % |  | (0.2) | %
Effective tax rate | (0.3) | % |  | 0.0 | % |  | (0.1) | %
Significant Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Tax Liabilities | The significant components of our deferred tax assets and tax liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
| December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Net operating loss carry-forwards | $ | 587,211 |  |  | $ | 268,173 |
Stock-based compensation | 33,089 |  |  | 43,978 |
Capitalized licenses, research and development and start-up costs | 13,985 |  |  | 19,891 |
Tax credit carry-forwards | 99,024 |  |  | 77,222 |
Accrued expenses | 26,962 |  |  | 7,377 |
Deferred revenue | 29,785 |  |  | 53,475 |
Operating lease liabilities | 22,313 |  |  | 26,571 |
Lease financing obligation | 23,718 |  |  | 10,570 |
Capitalized inventory | 38,058 |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | 11 |
Total gross deferred tax assets | 874,145 |  |  | 507,268 |
Less: valuation allowance | (823,468) |  |  | (470,753) |
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | 50,677 |  |  | 36,515 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Financing right-of-use assets | (11,539) |  |  | (2,612) |
Operating right-of-use assets | (20,349) |  |  | (24,944) |
Fixed assets | (18,276) |  |  | (8,959) |
Other | (513) |  |  | — |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (50,677) |  |  | (36,515) |
Net deferred tax assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Reconciliation of the Beginning and Ending Amounts of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
Balance as of December 31, 2018 | $ | 141 |
Decrease due to prior positions | — |
Increase due to current year tax position | — |
Balance as of December 31, 2019 | 141 |
Decrease due to prior positions | — |
Increase due to current year tax positions | — |
Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $ | 141 |

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