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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Loss Before Provision For (Benefit From) Income Taxes

Loss before provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 consist of the following (in thousands):

			Years Ended December 31,
			2020						2019						2018
United States			$	(745,445)					$	(508,595)					$	(380,473)
Foreign			932						(6,121)						(3,935)
Loss before provision for (benefit from) income taxes			$	(744,513)					$	(514,716)					$	(384,408)

Provision For (Benefit From) Income Taxes

The provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 consist of the following components (in thousands):

			Years Ended December 31,
			2020						2019						2018
Current:
Federal			$	—					$	—					$	(26)
State			32						505						352
Foreign			2,519						—						—
Total current			2,551						505						326
Deferred:
Federal			—						(1,200)						—
Total deferred			—						(1,200)						—
Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes			$	2,551					$	(695)					$	326

Reconciliation of U.S. Statutory Income Tax Rate to Effective Tax Rate

The reconciliation of the U.S. statutory income tax rate to our effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

			Years Ended December 31,
			2020						2019						2018
Tax effected at statutory rate			21.0		%				21.0		%				21.0		%
State taxes, net of federal benefit			3.6		%				7.9		%				6.3		%
Non-deductible items			(0.8)		%				1.6		%				—		%
Change in valuation allowance			(47.4)		%				(33.0)		%				(28.5)		%
Federal research and development credits			3.8		%				2.5		%				1.5		%
Foreign tax rate differential			0.0		%				(0.2)		%				(0.2)		%
Stock compensation windfall			19.8		%				—		%				—		%
Other			(0.3)		%				0.2		%				(0.2)		%
Effective tax rate			(0.3)		%				0.0		%				(0.1)		%

Significant Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Tax Liabilities

The significant components of our deferred tax assets and tax liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

			December 31,
			2020						2019
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carry-forwards			$	587,211					$	268,173
Stock-based compensation			33,089						43,978
Capitalized licenses, research and development and start-up costs			13,985						19,891
Tax credit carry-forwards			99,024						77,222
Accrued expenses			26,962						7,377
Deferred revenue			29,785						53,475
Operating lease liabilities			22,313						26,571
Lease financing obligation			23,718						10,570
Capitalized inventory			38,058						—
Other			—						11
Total gross deferred tax assets			874,145						507,268
Less: valuation allowance			(823,468)						(470,753)
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance			50,677						36,515
Deferred tax liabilities:
Financing right-of-use assets			(11,539)						(2,612)
Operating right-of-use assets			(20,349)						(24,944)
Fixed assets			(18,276)						(8,959)
Other			(513)						—
Total deferred tax liabilities			(50,677)						(36,515)
Net deferred tax assets			$	—					$	—

Reconciliation of the Beginning and Ending Amounts of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

Balance as of December 31, 2018			$	141
Decrease due to prior positions			—
Increase due to current year tax position			—
Balance as of December 31, 2019			141
Decrease due to prior positions			—
Increase due to current year tax positions			—
Balance as of December 31, 2020			$	141

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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