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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Loss Before Provision For (Benefit From) Income Taxes
Loss before provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 consist of the following (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
United States
$(745,445)$(508,595)$(380,473)
Foreign
932 (6,121)(3,935)
Loss before provision for (benefit from) income taxes$(744,513)$(514,716)$(384,408)
Provision For (Benefit From) Income Taxes
The provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 consist of the following components (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
Current:
Federal
$— $— $(26)
State
32 505 352 
Foreign2,519 — — 
Total current
2,551 505 326 
Deferred:
Federal
— (1,200)— 
Total deferred
— (1,200)— 
Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes$2,551 $(695)$326 
Reconciliation of U.S. Statutory Income Tax Rate to Effective Tax Rate
The reconciliation of the U.S. statutory income tax rate to our effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
Tax effected at statutory rate
21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State taxes, net of federal benefit
3.6 %7.9 %6.3 %
Non-deductible items
(0.8)%1.6 %— %
Change in valuation allowance
(47.4)%(33.0)%(28.5)%
Federal research and development credits
3.8 %2.5 %1.5 %
Foreign tax rate differential
0.0 %(0.2)%(0.2)%
Stock compensation windfall19.8 %— %— %
Other
(0.3)%0.2 %(0.2)%
Effective tax rate
(0.3)%0.0 %(0.1)%
Significant Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Tax Liabilities
The significant components of our deferred tax assets and tax liabilities as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
20202019
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carry-forwards
$587,211 $268,173 
Stock-based compensation
33,089 43,978 
Capitalized licenses, research and development and start-up costs13,985 19,891 
Tax credit carry-forwards
99,024 77,222 
Accrued expenses
26,962 7,377 
Deferred revenue
29,785 53,475 
Operating lease liabilities
22,313 26,571 
Lease financing obligation
23,718 10,570 
Capitalized inventory38,058 — 
Other
— 11 
Total gross deferred tax assets
874,145 507,268 
Less: valuation allowance
(823,468)(470,753)
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
50,677 36,515 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Financing right-of-use assets
(11,539)(2,612)
Operating right-of-use assets
(20,349)(24,944)
Fixed assets
(18,276)(8,959)
Other(513)— 
Total deferred tax liabilities
(50,677)(36,515)
Net deferred tax assets
$— $— 
Reconciliation of the Beginning and Ending Amounts of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
Balance as of December 31, 2018$141 
Decrease due to prior positions
— 
Increase due to current year tax position
— 
Balance as of December 31, 2019141 
Decrease due to prior positions
— 
Increase due to current year tax positions
— 
Balance as of December 31, 2020$141