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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
13. Income Taxes

The following table summarizes our income tax expense for the periods presented (in millions, except for percentages):

Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2024202320242023
Loss before income taxes$(1,279)$(1,749)$(2,444)$(2,054)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes$— $(369)$10 $(753)
Effective tax rate— %21.1 %(0.4)%36.7 %

The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was higher than the statutory rate, due to certain of our foreign subsidiaries that have taxable income, while we incurred a net loss before income taxes on a consolidated basis. We cannot recognize tax benefits from the loss due to our global valuation allowance, which we continue to maintain against the majority of our global deferred tax assets. The changes in our effective tax rate, compared to the same periods in 2023, primarily result from the continued application of our valuation allowance and adjustments of our valuation allowance, which was initially established in the third quarter of 2023. For additional details regarding our deferred tax assets and the policies governing our valuation allowance, please refer to Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements in our 2023 Form 10-K.
We periodically reassess the need for valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets, considering both positive and negative evidence to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that all or a portion of such assets will not be realized. Significant management judgment is required in assessing the realizability of our deferred tax assets. In the event that actual results differ from our estimates, we adjust our estimates in future periods and we may need to modify our valuation allowance, which could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.

We file U.S. federal income tax returns and income tax returns in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. We are not currently subject to any tax assessment from an income tax examination in the U.S. or any other major taxing jurisdiction.