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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
11. Income Taxes
The Company’s income tax expense, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and reserves for unrecognized tax benefits reflect management’s best assessment of estimated current and future taxes to be paid. The Company is subject to income taxes in both
the United States and foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment and estimates are required in determining the consolidated income tax expense.
During interim periods, the Company generally utilizes the estimated annual effective tax rate (“AETR”) method which involves the use of forecasted information. Under the AETR method, the provision is calculated by applying the estimated AETR for the full fiscal year to “ordinary” income or loss (pretax income or loss excluding unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items) for the reporting period. Jurisdictions with tax assets for which the Company believes a tax benefit cannot be realized are excluded from the computation of its AETR.
The Company’s provision for income taxes was $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, which was primarily due to tax expenses attributable to its worldwide profits offset by excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation attributable to its U.S. jurisdiction. The Company’s benefit from income taxes was $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, which was primarily due to tax benefits attributable to its worldwide losses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic impact combined with excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation attributable to its U.S. jurisdiction.
The Company’s effective tax rate changed to 12.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to 219.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The Company’s change in effective tax rate was primarily attributable to small tax expenses over relatively large worldwide profits for the three months ended March 31, 2021, when compared to large tax benefits over relatively small worldwide losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Significant domestic deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) were generated in recent years, primarily due to excess tax benefits from stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock. The Company evaluates all available positive and negative evidence, objective and subjective in nature, in each reporting period to determine if sufficient taxable income will be generated to realize the benefits of its DTAs and, if not, a valuation allowance to reduce the DTAs is recorded. As of March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company maintains a valuation allowance against its Federal Research and Development Tax Credit and California DTAs as the Company could not conclude at the required more-likely-than-not level of certainty, that the benefit of these tax attributes would be realized prior to expiration. As of March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company also maintains a valuation allowance against DTAs acquired from MVI which are subject to Separate Return Limitation Year (“SRLY”) rules that limit the utilization of the pre-acquisition tax attributes to offset future taxable income solely generated by MVI.
The Company maintains that all foreign earnings, with the exception of a portion of the earnings of its German subsidiary, are permanently reinvested outside the United States and therefore deferred taxes attributable to such are not provided for in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2021. The Company will repatriate foreign earnings only to the extent doing so will not result in any material U.S. tax consequences. Thus, deferred taxes on any potential future repatriation of a portion of the earnings of its German subsidiary were not reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2021.