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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 28, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation | The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("U.S. GAAP"). They include the accounts of Lattice and its subsidiaries after the elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions.
Use of Estimates | The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments affecting the amounts reported in our consolidated condensed financial statements and the accompanying notes. The actual results that we experience may differ materially from our estimates.
Fiscal Reporting Periods | Fiscal Reporting Periods We report based on a 52 or 53-week fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to December 31. Our fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017 were 52-week years that ended December 28, 2019, December 29, 2018, and December 30, 2017 respectively. Our fiscal 2020 will be a 53-week year and will end on January 2, 2021. All references to quarterly or annual financial results are references to the results for the relevant fiscal period.
Concentrations of Risk | Concentrations of Risk Potential exposure to concentrations of risk may impact revenue, accounts receivable, and supply of wafers for our new products. In the periods covered by this report, no end customer accounted for more than 10% of total revenue. Distributors have historically accounted for a significant portion of our total revenue. Our two largest distributor groups, the Weikeng Group ("Weikeng") and Arrow Electronics, Inc. ("Arrow"), each account for substantial portions of our total revenue and our net accounts receivable. Revenue attributable to distributors as a percentage of total revenue is presented in the following table:
| Year Ended
| December 28, 2019 |  | December 29, 2018 |  | December 30, 2017
Weikeng Group | 30 | % |  | 25 | % |  | 27 | %
Arrow Electronics Inc. | 25 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 24 |
All others | 27 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 26 |
Revenue attributable to distributors* | 82 | % |  | 83 | % |  | 77 | %
* | During the first quarter of 2018, we updated our channel categories to group all forms of distribution into a single channel. Prior periods have been reclassified to match the current period presentation.
At December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, Arrow accounted for 40% and 41%, respectively, and Weikeng accounted for 38% and 23%, respectively, of net accounts receivable. No other distributor group or end customer accounted for more than 10% of net accounts receivable at these dates. Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is mitigated by our credit and collection process including active management of collections, credit limits, routine credit evaluations for essentially all customers, and secure transactions with letters of credit or advance payments where appropriate. We regularly review our allowance for doubtful accounts and the aging of our accounts receivable. We rely on a limited number of foundries for our wafer purchases. We seek to mitigate the concentration of supply risk by establishing, maintaining and managing multiple foundry relationships; however, certain of our products are sourced from a single foundry and changing from one foundry to another can have a significant cost, or create delays in production or shipments, among other factors.
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all investments that are readily convertible into cash and that have original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments in time deposits or money market accounts and are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Deposits with financial institutions at times exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits.
Foreign Exchange and Translation of Foreign Currencies | Foreign Exchange and Translation of Foreign Currencies While our revenues and the majority of our expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars, we also have international subsidiaries and branch operations that conduct some transactions in foreign currencies. Gains or losses from foreign exchange rate fluctuations on balances denominated in foreign currencies are reflected in Other expense, net. We translate accounts denominated in foreign currencies in accordance with ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters,” using the current rate method under which asset and liability accounts are translated at the current rate, while stockholders' equity accounts are translated at the appropriate historical rates, and revenue and expense accounts are translated at average monthly exchange rates. Translation adjustments related to the consolidation of foreign subsidiary financial statements are reflected in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in Stockholders' equity (See our Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity).
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition We adopted ASC 606 effective on December 31, 2017, the first day of our 2018 fiscal year, using the modified retrospective method. Under this transition method, we applied the provisions of the new standard to all open customer contracts as of the date of adoption and recorded the cumulative effect of adoption to Accumulated deficit on December 31, 2017. We have not restated any prior financial statements presented. Under the guidance in effect prior to the adoption of ASC 606, we deferred the recognition of revenue and the cost of revenue from certain sales until the distributors of our products reported that they had sold the products to their customers, at which point the selling price of these products became fixed and determinable, and certain licensing revenues were not recognizable under previous GAAP due to the fixed and determinable revenue recognition criteria not being met. Under ASC 606, we recognize revenue when we satisfy performance obligations as evidenced by the transfer of control of our products or services to customers. We consider customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with a customer. For sales to distributors, we have concluded that our contracts are with the distributor, rather than with the distributor’s end customer, as we hold a contract bearing enforceable rights and obligations only with the distributor. The majority of our revenue is derived from product sales. For each contract, we consider our promise to transfer each distinct product to be the identified performance obligations. Revenue for product sales is recognized at the time of product shipment, as determined by the agreed upon contract shipping terms. Our Licensing and services revenue is comprised of revenue from our intellectual property ("IP") core licensing activity, patent monetization activities, design services, and royalty and adopter fee revenue from our standards activities. These activities are complementary to our product sales and help us to monetize our IP associated with our technology and standards. We consider licensing arrangements with our customers and agreements with the standards consortia of which we are a member to be the contract. For each contract, we consider the promise to deliver a license that grants the customer the right to use the IP, as well as any professional services provided under the contract, as distinct performance obligations. We recognize license revenue at the point in time that control of the license transfers to the customer, which is generally upon delivery, or as usage occurs. We measure revenue based on the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for products or services. Variable consideration is estimated and reflected as an adjustment to the transaction price. We determine variable consideration, which consists primarily of various sales price concessions, by estimating the most likely amount of consideration we expect to receive from the customer based on an analysis of historical ship and debit claims, at the distributor and product level, over a period of time considered adequate to account for current pricing and business trends. Sales rebates earned by customers are offset against their receivable balances. Rebates earned by customers when they do not have outstanding receivable balances are recorded within other accrued liabilities. The impacts of distributor sales price reductions resulting from price protection agreements are also estimated based on historical analysis of such activity and are reflected as a reduction in net revenue. Our HDMI and MHL standards revenue, as well as certain IP licenses, include variable consideration in the form of usage-based royalties. We generally provide an assurance warranty that our products will substantially conform to the published specifications for twelve months from the date of shipment. In some cases, the warranty period may be longer than twelve months. We do not separately price or sell the assurance warranty. Our liability is limited to either a credit equal to the purchase price or replacement of the defective part. Under the practical expedient provided by ASC 340, we generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would be less than one year. We record these costs within Selling, general, and administrative expenses. Substantially all of our performance obligations are satisfied within twelve months. Accordingly, under the optional exemption provided by ASC 606, we do not disclose revenues allocated to future performance obligations of partially completed contracts.
Inventories and Cost of Revenue | Inventories and Cost of Revenue Inventories are recorded at the lower of average cost determined on a first-in-first-out basis or market. We establish provisions for inventory if it is obsolete or we hold quantities which are in excess of projected customer demand. The creation of such provisions results in a write-down of inventory to net realizable value and a charge to Cost of revenue. Shipping and handling costs are included in Cost of revenue in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, generally three to five years for equipment and software, one to three years for tooling, and thirty years for buildings and building space. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the non-cancelable lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets. We capitalize costs for the fabrication of masks used by our foundry partners to manufacture our products. The capitalized mask costs begin depreciating to Cost of revenue once the products go into production, and depreciation is straight-lined over a three-year period, which is the expected useful life of the mask. Upon disposal of property and equipment, the accounts are relieved of the costs and related accumulated depreciation and amortization, and resulting gains or losses are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for recognized gains and losses, or in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for deferred gains and losses. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, which consist primarily of property and equipment and amortizable intangible assets, are carried on our financial statements based on their cost less accumulated depreciation or amortization. We monitor the carrying value of our long-lived assets for potential impairment and test the recoverability of such assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. These events or changes in circumstances, including management decisions pertaining to such assets, are referred to as impairment indicators. If an impairment indicator occurs, we perform a test of recoverability by comparing the carrying value of the asset group to its undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the carrying values are in excess of undiscounted expected future cash flows, we measure any impairment by comparing the fair value of the asset group to its carrying value. Fair value is generally determined by considering (i) internally developed discounted projected cash flow analysis of the asset group; (ii) actual third-party valuations; and/or (iii) information available regarding the current market for similar asset groups. If the fair value of the asset group is determined to be less than the carrying amount of the asset group, an impairment in the amount of the difference is recorded in the period that the impairment indicator occurs and is included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Estimating future cash flows requires significant judgment and projections may vary from the cash flows eventually realized, which could impact our ability to accurately assess whether an asset has been impaired. There has been no occurrence of events to date that would trigger an impairment analysis of property and equipment.
Valuation of Goodwill | Valuation of Goodwill Goodwill is an asset representing the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized. Goodwill is not amortized, but is instead tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. When evaluating whether goodwill is impaired, we make a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the reporting unit's fair value is less than the carrying amount. If the qualitative assessment determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying amount, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared with its carrying value (including goodwill). If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then goodwill impairment exists for the reporting unit. The impairment loss, if any, is recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, no further impairment analysis is needed. For purposes of testing goodwill for impairment, we currently operate as a single reporting unit: the core Lattice ("Core") business, which includes intellectual property and semiconductor devices. We do not expect goodwill impairment to be tax deductible for income tax purposes. We determined that the strategic decision to discontinue our millimeter wave business in the second quarter of 2018 constituted a triggering event related to goodwill, and we evaluated our goodwill balance as of June 30, 2018. We concluded that goodwill was not impaired, and no impairment charges relating to goodwill were recorded for fiscal 2018.
Leases | Leases We adopted ASC 842, "Leases," effective on December 30, 2018, the first day of our 2019 fiscal year, using the modified retrospective transition method. The new standard requires lessees to record assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. We elected the "package of practical expedients" that would allow us to carryforward our historical lease classifications, not reassess historical contracts to determine if they contain leases, and not reassess the initial direct costs for any existing leases. We also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components, which we have applied to all asset classes. Concurrent with our adoption of Topic 842, we have early adopted ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements, which grants disclosure relief for interim periods during the year in which a company adopted Topic 842. Right-of-use ("ROU") assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized on the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we determine the present value of lease payments using an incremental borrowing rate based on information from our commercial bank for an equivalent borrowing and term in the respective region as of the lease commencement date. At inception, we determine if an arrangement is a lease, if it includes options to extend or terminate the lease, and if it is reasonably certain that we will exercise the options. Lease cost, representing lease payments over the term of the lease and any capitalizable direct costs less any incentives received, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as lease expense. We have operating leases for corporate offices, sales offices, research and development facilities, storage facilities, and a data center. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. When deemed reasonably certain of exercise, the renewal options are included in the determination of the lease term and lease payment obligation, respectively. For our leases that contain variable lease payments, residual value guarantees, or restrictive covenants, we have concluded that these inputs are not significant to the determination of the ROU asset and lease liability.
Research and Development | Research and Development Research and development expenses include costs for compensation and benefits, engineering wafers, depreciation, licenses, and outside engineering services. These expenditures are for the design of new products, intellectual property cores, processes, packaging, and software solutions. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Restructuring Charges | Restructuring Charges Expenses associated with exit or disposal activities are recognized when incurred under ASC 420, “Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations,” for everything except severance expenses and vacated leased facilities. Because we have a history of paying severance benefits, the cost of severance benefits associated with a restructuring plan is recorded when such costs are probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated in accordance with ASC 712, “Compensation - Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits.” When leased facilities are vacated, the amount of any ROU asset impairment is calculated in accordance with ASC 360, "Property, Plant, and Equipment" and recorded as a part of restructuring charges. Expenses from other exit or disposal activities, including the cancellation of software contracts and engineering tools or the abandonment of long-lived assets, is recorded as a part of restructuring charges.
Accounting for Income Taxes | Accounting for Income Taxes Our provision for income tax is comprised of our current tax liability and changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements using enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the difference is expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that in management’s judgment is more-likely-than-not to be recoverable against future taxable income. The determination of a valuation allowance and when it should be released requires complex judgment. In assessing the ability to realize deferred tax assets, we evaluate both positive and negative evidence that may exist and consider whether it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Any adjustment to the net deferred tax asset valuation allowance is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the period that the adjustment is determined to be required. Our income tax calculations are based on application of the respective U.S. federal, state or foreign tax law. Our tax filings, however, are subject to audit by the relevant tax authorities. Accordingly, we recognize tax liabilities based upon our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due when such estimates are more-likely-than-not to be sustained. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. To the extent the final tax liabilities are different than the amounts originally accrued, the increases or decreases as well as any interest or penalties are recorded as income tax expense or benefit in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of substantially all share-based awards consistent with the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation.” We have also granted stock options and RSUs with a market condition to certain executives. We determined and fixed the fair value of the awards with a market condition using a lattice-based option-pricing model. The valuation of these awards incorporated a Monte-Carlo simulation, and considered the likelihood that we would achieve the market condition. The awards with a market condition generally have a two- or three-year vesting period and vest between 0% and 250% of the target amount, based on the Company's relative Total Shareholder Return ("TSR") when compared to the TSR of a component of companies of the PHLX Semiconductor Sector Index over the measurement period. TSR is a measure of stock price appreciation plus dividends paid, if any, in the performance period. We have also granted RSUs with a performance condition to our President and Chief Executive Officer, which will vest and become payable based upon the Company’s generating specified “adjusted” EBITDA levels on a trailing four-quarter basis in any two consecutive trailing four-quarter periods. We assess the probability of achieving the performance condition on a quarterly basis. We valued the RSUs with a performance condition using the market price on the day of grant.
Segment Information | Segment Information As of December 28, 2019, we had one operating segment: the core Lattice business, which includes semiconductor devices, evaluation boards, development hardware, and related intellectual property licensing, services, and sales. Our chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews operating results and financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance.
New Accounting Pronouncements | New Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This guidance requires entities to use a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology to measure impairments of certain financial assets and to recognize an allowance for its estimate of lifetime expected credit losses. The new standard will become effective for our fiscal year 2020, which begins on December 29, 2019. We are evaluating the implementation of ASC 326 and expect it will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which adds new guidance for accounting for tax law changes, year-to-date losses in interim periods, and determining how to apply the income tax guidance to franchise taxes that are partially based on income, as well as other changes to simplify accounting for income taxes. The ASU is effective for calendar year-end public business entities on January 1, 2021. Entities may early adopt the ASU in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued (or made available for issuance). We are currently assessing the impact of ASU 2019-12 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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