10-Q 1 a10-qq3x18.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
______________________
FORM 10-Q
______________________

ý | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018.
OR

o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 0-27544
______________________________________
OPEN TEXT CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
______________________

CANADA |  | 98-0154400
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (IRS Employer Identification No.)

275 Frank Tompa Drive, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 0A1
(Address of principal executive offices)
(519) 888-7111
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
______________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ý Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company ¨ Emerging growth company ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý
At May 4, 2018, there were 267,469,077 outstanding Common Shares of the registrant.
1

OPEN TEXT CORPORATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page No
Part I Financial Information: |
Item 1. Financial Statements |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018 (unaudited) and June 30, 2017 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income - Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited) | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited) | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Nine Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (unaudited) | 6
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 7
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 34
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 65
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 66
Part II Other Information: |
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 67
Item 6. Exhibits | 68
Signatures | 69

2

OPEN TEXT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share data)

| March 31, 2018 |  | June 30, 2017
ASSETS | (unaudited) |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 605,497 |  |  | $ | 443,357 |
Accounts receivable trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $9,007 as of March 31, 2018 and $6,319 as of June 30, 2017 (note 3) | 515,012 |  |  | 445,812 |
Income taxes recoverable (note 14) | 42,880 |  |  | 32,683 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 105,657 |  |  | 81,625 |
Total current assets | 1,269,046 |  |  | 1,003,477 |
Property and equipment (note 4) | 264,859 |  |  | 227,418 |
Goodwill (note 5) | 3,592,598 |  |  | 3,416,749 |
Acquired intangible assets (note 6) | 1,391,413 |  |  | 1,472,542 |
Deferred tax assets (note 14) | 1,142,385 |  |  | 1,215,712 |
Other assets (note 7) | 99,732 |  |  | 93,763 |
Deferred charges (note 8) | 39,148 |  |  | 42,344 |
Long-term income taxes recoverable (note 14) | 21,696 |  |  | 8,557 |
Total assets | $ | 7,820,877 |  |  | $ | 7,480,562 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (note 9) | $ | 295,165 |  |  | $ | 342,120 |
Current portion of long-term debt (note 10) | 282,760 |  |  | 182,760 |
Deferred revenues | 689,189 |  |  | 570,328 |
Income taxes payable (note 14) | 33,685 |  |  | 31,835 |
Total current liabilities | 1,300,799 |  |  | 1,127,043 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |  |
Accrued liabilities (note 9) | 52,688 |  |  | 50,338 |
Deferred credits (note 8) | 3,366 |  |  | 5,283 |
Pension liability (note 11) | 62,996 |  |  | 58,627 |
Long-term debt (note 10) | 2,385,322 |  |  | 2,387,057 |
Deferred revenues | 72,176 |  |  | 61,678 |
Long-term income taxes payable (note 14) | 171,174 |  |  | 162,493 |
Deferred tax liabilities (note 14) | 75,376 |  |  | 94,724 |
Total long-term liabilities | 2,823,098 |  |  | 2,820,200 |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |
Share capital and additional paid-in capital (note 12) |  |  |
267,266,442 and 264,059,567 Common Shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively; authorized Common Shares: unlimited | 1,689,997 |  |  | 1,613,454 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 51,810 |  |  | 48,800 |
Retained earnings | 1,973,129 |  |  | 1,897,624 |
Treasury stock, at cost (694,169 shares at March 31, 2018 and 1,101,612 at June 30, 2017, respectively) | (18,823 | ) |  | (27,520 | )
Total OpenText shareholders' equity | 3,696,113 |  |  | 3,532,358 |
Non-controlling interests | 867 |  |  | 961 |
Total shareholders’ equity | 3,696,980 |  |  | 3,533,319 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 7,820,877 |  |  | $ | 7,480,562 |

Guarantees and contingencies (note 13)
Related party transactions (note 21)
Subsequent event (note 22)
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
3

OPEN TEXT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
License | $ | 84,113 |  |  | $ | 87,227 |  |  | $ | 297,588 |  |  | $ | 245,647 |
Cloud services and subscriptions | 209,102 |  |  | 177,109 |  |  | 611,076 |  |  | 521,857 |
Customer support | 312,279 |  |  | 263,436 |  |  | 915,753 |  |  | 693,298 |
Professional service and other | 80,385 |  |  | 65,358 |  |  | 236,554 |  |  | 166,701 |
Total revenues | 685,879 |  |  | 593,130 |  |  | 2,060,971 |  |  | 1,627,503 |
Cost of revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
License | 3,098 |  |  | 4,008 |  |  | 10,645 |  |  | 10,244 |
Cloud services and subscriptions | 94,264 |  |  | 77,225 |  |  | 269,012 |  |  | 220,667 |
Customer support | 33,820 |  |  | 34,442 |  |  | 99,805 |  |  | 87,529 |
Professional service and other | 64,246 |  |  | 55,529 |  |  | 188,690 |  |  | 137,167 |
Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets (note 6) | 47,303 |  |  | 39,285 |  |  | 138,391 |  |  | 87,268 |
Total cost of revenues | 242,731 |  |  | 210,489 |  |  | 706,543 |  |  | 542,875 |
Gross profit | 443,148 |  |  | 382,641 |  |  | 1,354,428 |  |  | 1,084,628 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 83,522 |  |  | 77,086 |  |  | 241,455 |  |  | 200,379 |
Sales and marketing | 129,987 |  |  | 117,498 |  |  | 381,951 |  |  | 315,297 |
General and administrative | 54,817 |  |  | 44,828 |  |  | 152,717 |  |  | 122,939 |
Depreciation | 23,093 |  |  | 16,557 |  |  | 64,042 |  |  | 47,128 |
Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets (note 6) | 46,762 |  |  | 40,825 |  |  | 136,819 |  |  | 108,248 |
Special charges (recoveries) (note 17) | 2,644 |  |  | 20,586 |  |  | 21,390 |  |  | 44,157 |
Total operating expenses | 340,825 |  |  | 317,380 |  |  | 998,374 |  |  | 838,148 |
Income from operations | 102,323 |  |  | 65,261 |  |  | 356,054 |  |  | 246,480 |
Other income (expense), net | 11,140 |  |  | 1,424 |  |  | 26,911 |  |  | 4,565 |
Interest and other related expense, net | (34,534 | ) |  | (31,734 | ) |  | (101,914 | ) |  | (86,752 | )
Income before income taxes | 78,929 |  |  | 34,951 |  |  | 281,051 |  |  | 164,293 |
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes (note 14) | 20,129 |  |  | 13,239 |  |  | 100,644 |  |  | (815,364 | )
Net income for the period | $ | 58,800 |  |  | $ | 21,712 |  |  | $ | 180,407 |  |  | $ | 979,657 |
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (6 | ) |  | (96 | ) |  | 94 |  |  | (135 | )
Net income attributable to OpenText | $ | 58,794 |  |  | $ | 21,616 |  |  | $ | 180,501 |  |  | $ | 979,522 |
Earnings per share—basic attributable to OpenText (note 20) | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | 3.91 |
Earnings per share—diluted attributable to OpenText (note 20) | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | 3.88 |
Weighted average number of Common Shares outstanding—basic (in '000's) | 266,572 |  |  | 263,329 |  |  | 265,619 |  |  | 250,538 |
Weighted average number of Common Shares outstanding—diluted (in '000's) | 267,764 |  |  | 265,440 |  |  | 266,954 |  |  | 252,469 |
Dividends declared per Common Share | $ | 0.1320 |  |  | $ | 0.1150 |  |  | $ | 0.3960 |  |  | $ | 0.3450 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
4

OPEN TEXT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands of U.S. dollars)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income for the period | $ | 58,800 |  |  | $ | 21,712 |  |  | $ | 180,407 |  |  | $ | 979,657 |
Other comprehensive income (loss)—net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net foreign currency translation adjustments | 3,823 |  |  | 2,725 |  |  | 3,283 |  |  | (7,582 | )
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain (loss) - net of tax expense (recovery) effect of ($338) and $125 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively; $65 and ($254) for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively | (935 | ) |  | 348 |  |  | 182 |  |  | (705 | )
(Gain) loss reclassified into net income - net of tax (expense) recovery effect of ($112) and $14 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively; ($540) and ($24) for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively | (311 | ) |  | 40 |  |  | (1,499 | ) |  | (68 | )
Actuarial gain (loss) relating to defined benefit pension plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial gain (loss) - net of tax expense (recovery) effect of $413 and ($64) for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively; $177 and $420 for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively | 1,648 |  |  | 686 |  |  | 1,485 |  |  | 5,047 |
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss into net income - net of tax (expense) recovery effect of $45 and $59 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively; $130 and $178 for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively | 64 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 420 |
Unrealized net gain (loss) on marketable securities - net of tax effect of nil for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively | — |  |  | (541 | ) |  | — |  |  | (141 | )
Release of unrealized gain on marketable securities - net of tax effect of nil for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively | — |  |  | — |  |  | (617 | ) |  | — |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) net, for the period | 4,289 |  |  | 3,397 |  |  | 3,010 |  |  | (3,029 | )
Total comprehensive income | 63,089 |  |  | 25,109 |  |  | 183,417 |  |  | 976,628 |
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (6 | ) |  | (96 | ) |  | 94 |  |  | (135 | )
Total comprehensive income attributable to OpenText | $ | 63,083 |  |  | $ | 25,013 |  |  | $ | 183,511 |  |  | $ | 976,493 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
5

OPEN TEXT CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands of U.S. dollars)
(unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income for the period | $ | 180,407 |  |  | $ | 979,657 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets | 339,252 |  |  | 242,644 |
Share-based compensation expense | 20,473 |  |  | 22,373 |
Excess tax (benefits) expense on share-based compensation expense | — |  |  | (1,586 | )
Pension expense | 2,834 |  |  | 2,953 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 3,835 |  |  | 3,781 |
Amortization of deferred charges and credits | 3,175 |  |  | 6,438 |
Loss on sale and write down of property and equipment | 489 |  |  | — |
Release of unrealized gain on marketable securities to income | (841 | ) |  | — |
Write off of unamortized debt issuance costs | — |  |  | 833 |
Deferred taxes | 62,640 |  |  | (890,244 | )
Share in net (income) loss of equity investees | 503 |  |  | (6,153 | )
Other non-cash charges | — |  |  | 1,033 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (55,698 | ) |  | (37,095 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (10,535 | ) |  | (6,234 | )
Income taxes and deferred charges and credits | (22,068 | ) |  | 1,570 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (92,278 | ) |  | 16,521 |
Deferred revenue | 74,704 |  |  | 6,917 |
Other assets | (2,466 | ) |  | (6,635 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 504,426 |  |  | 336,773 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Additions of property and equipment | (83,038 | ) |  | (50,071 | )
Proceeds from maturity of short-term investments | — |  |  | 9,212 |
Purchase of Hightail, Inc. | (20,466 | ) |  | — |
Purchase of Guidance Software, Inc., net of cash acquired | (229,275 | ) |  | — |
Purchase of Covisint Corporation, net of cash acquired | (71,279 | ) |  | — |
Purchase of ECD Business | — |  |  | (1,622,394 | )
Purchase of HP Inc. CCM Business | — |  |  | (315,000 | )
Purchase of Recommind, Inc. | — |  |  | (170,107 | )
Purchase consideration for acquisitions completed prior to Fiscal 2017 | — |  |  | (7,146 | )
Other investing activities | (11,179 | ) |  | (3,013 | )
Net cash used in investing activities | (415,237 | ) |  | (2,158,519 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Excess tax benefits (expense) on share-based compensation expense | — |  |  | 1,586 |
Proceeds from long-term debt and Revolver | 200,000 |  |  | 481,875 |
Proceeds from issuance of Common Shares from exercise of stock options and ESPP | 66,064 |  |  | 26,668 |
Proceeds from issuance of Common Shares under the public Equity Offering | — |  |  | 604,223 |
Repayment of long-term debt and Revolver | (105,820 | ) |  | (5,940 | )
Debt issuance costs | — |  |  | (6,200 | )
Equity issuance costs | — |  |  | (19,472 | )
Purchase of Treasury Stock | — |  |  | (4,245 | )
Payments of dividends to shareholders | (104,996 | ) |  | (85,953 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 55,248 |  |  | 992,542 |
Foreign exchange gain (loss) on cash held in foreign currencies | 17,703 |  |  | (5,553 | )
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents during the period | 162,140 |  |  | (834,757 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period | 443,357 |  |  | 1,283,757 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period | $ | 605,497 |  |  | $ | 449,000 |

Supplemental cash flow disclosures (note 19)
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
6

OPEN TEXT CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2018
(Tabular amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
(unaudited)
NOTE 1—BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Open Text Corporation and our subsidiaries, collectively referred to as "OpenText" or the "Company". We wholly own all of our subsidiaries with the exception of Open Text South Africa Proprietary Ltd. (OT South Africa), GXS, Inc. (GXS Korea) and EC1 Pte. Ltd. (GXS Singapore), which as of March 31, 2018, were 70%, 85% and 81% owned, respectively, by OpenText. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q: (i) the term “Fiscal 2018” means our fiscal year beginning on July 1, 2017 and ending June 30, 2018; (ii) the term “Fiscal 2017” means our fiscal year beginning on July 1, 2016 and ended June 30, 2017; (iii) the term “Fiscal 2016” means our fiscal year beginning on July 1, 2015 and ended June 30, 2016; (iv) the term "Fiscal 2015" means our fiscal year beginning on July 1, 2014 and ended June 30, 2015; (v) the term "Fiscal 2014" means our fiscal year beginning on July 1, 2013 and ended June 30, 2014; (vi) the term "Fiscal 2013" means our fiscal year beginning July 1, 2012 and ended June 30, 2013; and (vii) the term "Fiscal 2012" means our fiscal year beginning July 1, 2011 and ended June 30, 2012.
These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are expressed in U.S. dollars and are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). The information furnished reflects all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the periods presented and includes the financial results of Covisint Corporation (Covisint), with effect from July 26, 2017, Guidance Software, Inc. (Guidance), with effect from September 14, 2017, and Hightail, Inc. (Hightail), with effect from February 14, 2018 (see note 18 "Acquisitions").
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. These estimates, judgments and assumptions are evaluated on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable at that time, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from those estimates. In particular, significant estimates, judgments and assumptions include those related to: (i) revenue recognition, (ii) testing of goodwill for impairment, (iii) the valuation of acquired intangible assets, (iv) the valuation of long-lived assets, (v) the recognition of contingencies, (vi) restructuring accruals, (vii) acquisition accruals and pre-acquisition contingencies, (viii) the realization of investment tax credits, (ix) the valuation of stock options granted and obligations related to share-based payments, including the valuation of our long-term incentive plans, (x) the valuation of pension assets and obligations, and (xi) accounting for income taxes. Beginning in the second quarter of Fiscal 2018, our income tax estimates were impacted by an Act to provide for the reconciliation pursuant to titles II and IV of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018, informally titled the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which was enacted in the United States on December 22, 2017. The Company has recorded a provisional charge and continues to assess the effect of the new law on its consolidated financial statements in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 “Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (SAB 118). For more details related to this matter, please refer to note 14 "Income Taxes".
NOTE 2— RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Leases
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” (ASU 2016-02), which supersedes the guidance in former Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 840 “Leases”. The most significant change will result in the recognition of lease assets for the right to use the underlying asset and lease liabilities for the obligation to make lease payments by lessees, for those leases classified as operating leases under current guidance. The new guidance will also require significant additional disclosures about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows related to leases. This standard is effective for us for our fiscal year ending June 30, 2020, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-02, entities are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. We have formed a sub-committee consisting
7

of internal members from various departments to assess the effect that the pending adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Although the sub-committee has not completed their assessment, we expect the majority of the impact to come from our facility leases, and that most of our operating lease commitments will be recognized as right of use assets and operating lease liabilities, which will increase our total assets and total liabilities, as reported on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, relative to such amounts prior to adoption. The sub-committee continues to evaluate the impact of the new standard on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Revenue Recognition
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASC 606 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (Topic 606). Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, "Revenue Recognition" (Topic 605) and nearly all other existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principal of Topic 606 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services and permits the use of the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. Topic 606 identifies five steps to be followed to achieve its core principal, which include (i) identifying contract(s) with customers, (ii) identifying performance obligations in the contract(s), (iii) determining the transaction price, (iv) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract(s) and (v) recognizing revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.
We will be adopting Topic 606 using the cumulative effect approach when this guidance becomes effective for us, starting in the first quarter of our fiscal year ending June 30, 2019.
While we are continuing to assess all potential impacts of Topic 606, we currently believe the key differences relate to our accounting for implementation services on cloud arrangements, accounting for on premise subscription offerings and costs to obtain a contract.
Implementation Services on Cloud Arrangements
Under Topic 605, fees charged for professional services to implement hosted software within a cloud arrangement are deferred and recognized ratably over the longer of the non-cancellable contract term or the estimated customer life because the activities are not deemed to be a separate element for which stand-alone value exists. Under Topic 606, we expect such professional services revenues to be more variable from period to period, as we will be required to accelerate the recognition of revenues allocated to the implementation services, based on the stand alone selling price that meet the criteria of being distinct and recognize them as the services are provided to the customer. Any implementation services that do not meet the criteria of being distinct will be deferred and amortized over the contract term. Costs relating to distinct implementation services will be expensed as they are incurred.
On Premise Subscription Arrangements
Under Topic 605, revenue attributable to on premise subscription arrangements is recognized under “Cloud Services and Subscriptions revenue” and is recognized ratably over the term of the arrangement because Vendor Specific Objective Evidence (VSOE) does not exist for the undelivered maintenance and support element of the arrangement, as it is not sold separately. Under Topic 606, the requirement to have VSOE for undelivered elements to enable the separation of the delivered software licenses from the on-going customer support and maintenance services is eliminated. Accordingly, we expect the adoption of Topic 606 will result in a change in our recording of on premise subscription revenues from “Cloud Services and Subscriptions revenues” to “License” and “Customer Support” revenues in our Consolidated Statements of Income. Further, we expect to accelerate the recognition of a portion of the transaction price at the outset of the arrangement (upon delivery) as “License revenue”, using the residual approach for estimating stand-alone selling price. Over the course of the service period, “Customer Support revenues” will be recognized based on the stand-alone selling price for those services.
Costs to obtain a contract
The accounting for the recognition of costs related to obtaining customer contracts under Topic 606 is not significantly different from our current policy to defer commissions, although there will be certain modifications to reflect the changes in the pattern and timing of recognition of certain arrangements as discussed above.
We will be evaluating revenue contracts that were in effect on the adoption date as if they had been accounted for under Topic 606 from contract inception. As a result, certain revenue that would have been recognized in future periods under Topic 605 will now be accounted for and disclosed under Topic 606 as though the revenue had already been recognized in prior periods, resulting in us having to make a cumulative effect adjustment to our retained earnings in the first period of adoption.
We are still in the process of reviewing these adjustments, finalizing our assessment and quantifying the impacts of Topic 606 and the methodology of estimating standalone selling price for certain of the separately identified performance obligations
8

under the new revenue recognition standard. Certain contracts are complex, and actual determination of revenue recognition under both existing and new guidance is dependent on contract-specific terms, which may cause variability in the timing and quantum of revenue recognized.
We will continue to assess all of the impacts that the application of Topic 606 will have on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, including on our disclosure requirements, and, if material, will provide updated disclosures with regard to the expected impact.
ASUs adopted in Fiscal 2018
During Fiscal 2018 we adopted the following ASU, which did not have a material impact to our reported financial position, results of operations or cash flows:

• | ASU 2016-09 "Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718)"

NOTE 3—ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS

Balance as of June 30, 2017 | $ | 6,319 |
Bad debt expense | 6,561 |
Write-off /adjustments | (3,873 | )
Balance as of March 31, 2018 | $ | 9,007 |

Included in accounts receivable are unbilled receivables in the amount of $58.2 million as of March 31, 2018 (June 30, 2017—$46.2 million).
NOTE 4—PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

| As of March 31, 2018
| Cost |  | Accumulated Depreciation |  | Net
Furniture and fixtures | $ | 30,433 |  |  | $ | (16,501 | ) |  | $ | 13,932 |
Office equipment | 1,445 |  |  | (716 | ) |  | 729 |
Computer hardware | 198,432 |  |  | (126,397 | ) |  | 72,035 |
Computer software | 82,791 |  |  | (44,767 | ) |  | 38,024 |
Capitalized software development costs | 77,592 |  |  | (38,163 | ) |  | 39,429 |
Leasehold improvements | 113,171 |  |  | (49,824 | ) |  | 63,347 |
Land and buildings | 48,484 |  |  | (11,121 | ) |  | 37,363 |
Total | $ | 552,348 |  |  | $ | (287,489 | ) |  | $ | 264,859 |

| As of June 30, 2017
| Cost |  | Accumulated Depreciation |  | Net
Furniture and fixtures | $ | 23,026 |  |  | $ | (14,879 | ) |  | $ | 8,147 |
Office equipment | 1,245 |  |  | (597 | ) |  | 648 |
Computer hardware | 164,268 |  |  | (104,572 | ) |  | 59,696 |
Computer software | 72,835 |  |  | (33,862 | ) |  | 38,973 |
Capitalized software development costs | 67,092 |  |  | (28,430 | ) |  | 38,662 |
Leasehold improvements | 81,564 |  |  | (38,642 | ) |  | 42,922 |
Land and buildings | 48,431 |  |  | (10,061 | ) |  | 38,370 |
Total | $ | 458,461 |  |  | $ | (231,043 | ) |  | $ | 227,418 |

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NOTE 5—GOODWILL
Goodwill is recorded when the consideration paid for an acquisition of a business exceeds the fair value of identifiable net tangible and intangible assets. The following table summarizes the changes in goodwill since June 30, 2017:

Balance as of June 30, 2017 | $ | 3,416,749 |
Acquisition of Hightail (note 18) | 7,127 |
Acquisition of Guidance (note 18) | 130,334 |
Acquisition of Covisint (note 18) | 26,905 |
Adjustments relating to acquisitions prior to Fiscal 2018 that had open measurement periods (note 18) | (1,458 | )
Adjustments on account of foreign exchange | 12,941 |
Balance as of March 31, 2018 | $ | 3,592,598 |

NOTE 6—ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS

| As of March 31, 2018
| Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Technology assets | $ | 985,226 |  |  | $ | (392,297 | ) |  | $ | 592,929 |
Customer assets | 1,348,510 |  |  | (550,026 | ) |  | 798,484 |
Total | $ | 2,333,736 |  |  | $ | (942,323 | ) |  | $ | 1,391,413 |
| As of June 30, 2017
| Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Technology assets | $ | 930,841 |  |  | $ | (272,872 | ) |  | $ | 657,969 |
Customer assets | 1,230,806 |  |  | (416,233 | ) |  | 814,573 |
Total | $ | 2,161,647 |  |  | $ | (689,105 | ) |  | $ | 1,472,542 |

The above balances as of March 31, 2018 have been reduced to reflect the impact of intangible assets relating to acquisitions where the gross cost has become fully amortized during the nine months ended March 31, 2018. The impact of this resulted in a reduction of $19.0 million related to Technology assets and $3.0 million related to Customer assets.
The weighted average amortization periods for acquired technology and customer intangible assets are approximately six years and eight years, respectively.
The following table shows the estimated future amortization expense for the fiscal years indicated. This calculation assumes no future adjustments to acquired intangible assets:

| Fiscal years ending June 30,
2018 (three months ended June 30) | $ | 94,776 |
2019 | 352,401 |
2020 | 280,888 |
2021 | 190,763 |
2022 | 177,208 |
2023 and beyond | 295,377 |
Total | $ | 1,391,413 |

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NOTE 7—OTHER ASSETS

| As of March 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2017
Deposits and restricted cash | $ | 11,479 |  |  | $ | 15,821 |
Deferred implementation costs | 28,916 |  |  | 28,833 |
Investments | 36,776 |  |  | 27,886 |
Marketable securities | — |  |  | 3,023 |
Long-term prepaid expenses and other long-term assets | 22,561 |  |  | 18,200 |
Total | $ | 99,732 |  |  | $ | 93,763 |

Deposits and restricted cash primarily relate to security deposits provided to landlords in accordance with facility lease agreements and cash restricted per the terms of certain contractual-based agreements.
Deferred implementation costs relate to deferred direct and relevant costs on implementation of long-term contracts, to the extent such costs can be recovered through guaranteed contract revenues.
Investments relate to certain non-marketable equity securities in which we are a limited partner. Our interest, individually, in each of these investees range from 4% to below 20%. These investments are accounted for using the equity method. Our share of net income or losses based on our interest in these investments is recorded as a component of other income (expense), net in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, our share of income (loss) from these investments was $(0.3) million and $(0.5) million, respectively (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—$0.2 million and $6.2 million, respectively).
Marketable securities are classified as available for sale securities and are recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of Accumulated other comprehensive income. We did no t hold any marketable securities as of March 31, 2018.
Long-term prepaid expenses and other long-term assets includes advance payments on long-term licenses that are being amortized over the applicable terms of the licenses and other miscellaneous assets.
NOTE 8—DEFERRED CHARGES AND CREDITS
Deferred charges and credits relate to cash taxes payable and the elimination of deferred tax balances relating to legal entity consolidations completed as part of internal reorganizations of our international subsidiaries. Deferred charges and credits are amortized to income tax expense over periods of 6 to 15 years.
NOTE 9—ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities are comprised of the following:

| As of March 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2017
Accounts payable—trade | $ | 39,283 |  |  | $ | 43,699 |
Accrued salaries and commissions | 103,245 |  |  | 121,958 |
Accrued liabilities | 118,628 |  |  | 135,512 |
Accrued interest on Senior Notes | 26,021 |  |  | 24,787 |
Amounts payable in respect of restructuring and other Special charges | 5,000 |  |  | 13,728 |
Asset retirement obligations | 2,988 |  |  | 2,436 |
Total | $ | 295,165 |  |  | $ | 342,120 |

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Long-term accrued liabilities

| As of March 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2017
Amounts payable in respect of restructuring and other Special charges | $ | 2,124 |  |  | $ | 2,686 |
Other accrued liabilities* | 37,164 |  |  | 36,702 |
Asset retirement obligations | 13,400 |  |  | 10,950 |
Total | $ | 52,688 |  |  | $ | 50,338 |

* Other accrued liabilities consist primarily of tenant allowances, deferred rent and lease fair value adjustments relating to certain facilities acquired through business acquisitions.
Asset retirement obligations
We are required to return certain of our leased facilities to their original state at the conclusion of our lease. As of March 31, 2018, the present value of this obligation was $16.4 million (June 30, 2017—$13.4 million), with an undiscounted value of $18.5 million (June 30, 2017—$15.0 million).
NOTE 10—LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt
Long-term debt is comprised of the following:

| As of March 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2017
Total debt |  |  |
Senior Notes 2026 | $ | 850,000 |  |  | $ | 850,000 |
Senior Notes 2023 | 800,000 |  |  | 800,000 |
Term Loan B | 766,300 |  |  | 772,120 |
Revolver | 275,000 |  |  | 175,000 |
Total principal payments due | 2,691,300 |  |  | 2,597,120 |
Premium on Senior Notes 2026 | 6,164 |  |  | 6,597 |
Debt issuance costs | (29,382 | ) |  | (33,900 | )
Total amount outstanding | 2,668,082 |  |  | 2,569,817 |
Less: |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  |
Term Loan B | 7,760 |  |  | 7,760 |
Revolver | 275,000 |  |  | 175,000 |
Total current portion of long-term debt | 282,760 |  |  | 182,760 |
Non-current portion of long-term debt | $ | 2,385,322 |  |  | $ | 2,387,057 |

Senior Unsecured Fixed Rate Notes
Senior Notes 2026
On May 31, 2016, we issued $600 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.875% Senior Notes due 2026 (Senior Notes 2026) in an unregistered offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act), and to certain persons in offshore transactions pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. Senior Notes 2026 bear interest at a rate of 5.875% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1, commencing on December 1, 2016. Senior Notes 2026 will mature on June 1, 2026, unless earlier redeemed, in accordance with their terms, or repurchased.
On December 20, 2016, we issued an additional $250 million in aggregate principal amount by reopening our Senior Notes 2026 at an issue price of 102.75%. The additional notes have identical terms, are fungible with and are a part of a single
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series with the previously issued $600 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes 2026. The outstanding aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes 2026, after taking into consideration the additional issuance, is $850 million.
For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded interest expense of $12.5 million and $37.5 million, respectively, relating to Senior Notes 2026 (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—$12.5 million and $30.7 million, respectively).
Senior Notes 2023
On January 15, 2015, we issued $800 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.625% Senior Notes due 2023 (Senior Notes 2023 and together with Senior Notes 2026, Senior Notes) in an unregistered offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act, and to certain persons in offshore transactions pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. Senior Notes 2023 bear interest at a rate of 5.625% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15, commencing on July 15, 2015. Senior Notes 2023 will mature on January 15, 2023, unless earlier redeemed, in accordance with their terms, or repurchased.
For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded interest expense of $11.2 million and $33.7 million, respectively, relating to Senior Notes 2023 (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—$11.2 million and $33.7 million, respectively).
Term Loan B
We entered into a $800 million term loan facility (Term Loan B) and borrowed the full amount on January 16, 2014. Borrowings under Term Loan B are secured by a first charge over substantially all of our assets on a pari passu basis with the Revolver (defined below).
Term Loan B has a seven year term and repayments made under Term Loan B are equal to 0.25% of the principal amount in equal quarterly installments for the life of Term Loan B, with the remainder due at maturity. Borrowings under Term Loan B currently bear a floating rate of interest equal to 2.0% plus LIBOR. As of March 31, 2018, the outstanding balance on the Term Loan B bears an interest rate of approximately 3.65%.
For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded interest expense of $6.9 million and $19.7 million, respectively, relating to Term Loan B (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—$6.0 million and $19.0 million, respectively).
Revolver
We currently have a $450 million committed revolving credit facility (the Revolver) which matures on May 5, 2022. Borrowings under the Revolver are secured by a first charge over substantially all of our assets, on a pari passu basis with Term Loan B. The Revolver has no fixed repayment date prior to the end of the term. Borrowings under the Revolver bear interest per annum at a floating rate of LIBOR plus a fixed margin dependent on our consolidated net leverage ratio ranging from 1.25% to 1.75%. As of March 31, 2018, the outstanding balance on the Revolver bears a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.55%.
During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we drew down nil and $200 million, respectively, from the Revolver partially to finance acquisitions (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—$225 million, respectively).
During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we repaid $100 million, respectively (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—nil, respectively). As of March 31, 2018 we have an outstanding balance on the Revolver of $275 million.
For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded interest expense of $2.7 million and $7.3 million, respectively, relating to amounts drawn on the Revolver (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—$1.3 million, respectively).
Debt Issuance Costs and Premium on Senior Notes
Debt issuance costs relate primarily to costs incurred for the purpose of obtaining our credit facilities and issuing our Senior Notes and are being amortized over the respective terms of the Senior Notes and Term Loan B using the effective interest method and the Revolver using the straight-line method.
The premium on Senior Notes 2026 represents the excess of the proceeds received over the face value of Senior Notes 2026. This premium is amortized as a reduction to interest expense over the term of Senior Notes 2026 using the effective interest method.
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NOTE 11—PENSION PLANS AND OTHER POST RETIREMENT BENEFITS
The following table provides details of our defined benefit pension plans and long-term employee benefit obligations for Open Text Document Technologies GmbH (CDT), GXS GmbH (GXS GER), GXS Philippines, Inc. (GXS PHP) and other plans as of March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2017:

| As of March 31, 2018
| Total benefit obligation |  | Current portion of benefit obligation* |  | Non-current portion of benefit obligation
CDT defined benefit plan | $ | 31,700 |  |  | $ | 688 |  |  | $ | 31,012 |
GXS Germany defined benefit plan | 25,873 |  |  | 1,035 |  |  | 24,838 |
GXS Philippines defined benefit plan | 3,801 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 3,699 |
Other plans | 3,624 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 3,447 |
Total | $ | 64,998 |  |  | $ | 2,002 |  |  | $ | 62,996 |

| As of June 30, 2017
| Total benefit obligation |  | Current portion of benefit obligation* |  | Non-current portion of benefit obligation
CDT defined benefit plan | $ | 28,881 |  |  | $ | 583 |  |  | $ | 28,298 |
GXS Germany defined benefit plan | 23,730 |  |  | 926 |  |  | 22,804 |
GXS Philippines defined benefit plan | 4,495 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 4,414 |
Other plans | 3,256 |  |  | 145 |  |  | 3,111 |
Total | $ | 60,362 |  |  | $ | 1,735 |  |  | $ | 58,627 |

* The current portion of the benefit obligation has been included within "Accrued salaries and commissions", all within "Accounts payable and accrued liabilities" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (see note 9 "Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities").
Defined Benefit Plans
CDT Plan
CDT sponsors an unfunded defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all CDT employees (CDT pension plan) which provides for old age, disability and survivors’ benefits. Benefits under the CDT pension plan are generally based on age at retirement, years of service and the employee’s annual earnings. The net periodic cost of this pension plan is determined using the projected unit credit method and several actuarial assumptions, the most significant of which are the discount rate and estimated service costs. No contributions have been made since the inception of the plan. Actuarial gains or losses in excess of 10% of the projected benefit obligation are being amortized and recognized as a component of net periodic benefit costs over the average remaining service period of the plan's active employees. As of March 31, 2018, there is approximately $0.1 million in accumulated other comprehensive income related to the CDT pension plan that is expected to be recognized as a component of net periodic benefit costs over the remainder of Fiscal 2018.
GXS Germany Plan
As part of our acquisition of GXS Group, Inc. (GXS) in Fiscal 2014, we assumed an unfunded defined benefit pension plan covering certain German employees which provides for old age, disability and survivors' benefits. The GXS GER plan has been closed to new participants since 2006. Benefits under the GXS GER plan are generally based on a participant’s remuneration, date of hire, years of eligible service and age at retirement. The net periodic cost of this pension plan is determined using the projected unit credit method and several actuarial assumptions, the most significant of which are the discount rate and estimated service costs. No contributions have been made since the inception of the plan. Actuarial gains or losses in excess of 10% of the projected benefit obligation are being amortized and recognized as a component of net periodic benefit costs over the average remaining service period of the plan’s active employees. As of March 31, 2018, there is approximately $19 thousand in accumulated other comprehensive income related to the GXS GER plan that is expected to be recognized as a component of net periodic benefit costs over the remainder of Fiscal 2018.
GXS Philippines Plan
As part of our acquisition of GXS in Fiscal 2014, we assumed a primarily unfunded defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all of the GXS Philippines employees which provides for retirement, disability and survivors' benefits. Benefits
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under the GXS PHP plan are generally based on a participant’s remuneration, years of eligible service and age at retirement. The net periodic cost of this pension plan is determined using the projected unit credit method and several actuarial assumptions, the most significant of which are the discount rate and estimated service costs. Aside from an initial contribution which has a fair value of approximately $32 thousand as of March 31, 2018, no additional contributions have been made since the inception of the plan. Actuarial gains or losses in excess of 10% of the projected benefit obligation are being amortized and recognized as a component of net periodic benefit costs over the average remaining service period of the plan’s active employees. As of March 31, 2018, there is approximately $59 thousand in accumulated other comprehensive income related to the GXS PHP plan that is expected to be recognized as a component of net periodic benefit costs over the remainder of Fiscal 2018.
The following are the details of the change in the benefit obligation for each of the above mentioned pension plans for the periods indicated:

| As of March 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2017
| CDT |  | GXS GER |  | GXS PHP |  | Total |  | CDT |  | GXS GER |  | GXS PHP |  | Total
Benefit obligation—beginning of period | $ | 28,881 |  |  | $ | 23,730 |  |  | $ | 4,495 |  |  | $ | 57,106 |  |  | $ | 29,450 |  |  | $ | 24,729 |  |  | $ | 7,341 |  |  | $ | 61,520 |
Service cost | 379 |  |  | 357 |  |  | 657 |  |  | 1,393 |  |  | 467 |  |  | 395 |  |  | 1,051 |  |  | 1,913 |
Interest cost | 459 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 1,005 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 1,059 |
Benefits paid | (428 | ) |  | (736 | ) |  | (82 | ) |  | (1,246 | ) |  | (469 | ) |  | (807 | ) |  | (53 | ) |  | (1,329 | )
Actuarial (gain) loss | (327 | ) |  | (96 | ) |  | (1,269 | ) |  | (1,692 | ) |  | (1,708 | ) |  | (1,548 | ) |  | (3,728 | ) |  | (6,984 | )
Foreign exchange (gain) loss | 2,736 |  |  | 2,248 |  |  | (176 | ) |  | 4,808 |  |  | 685 |  |  | 584 |  |  | (342 | ) |  | 927 |
Benefit obligation—end of period | 31,700 |  |  | 25,873 |  |  | 3,801 |  |  | 61,374 |  |  | 28,881 |  |  | 23,730 |  |  | 4,495 |  |  | 57,106 |
Less: Current portion | (688 | ) |  | (1,035 | ) |  | (102 | ) |  | (1,825 | ) |  | (583 | ) |  | (926 | ) |  | (81 | ) |  | (1,590 | )
Non-current portion of benefit obligation | $ | 31,012 |  |  | $ | 24,838 |  |  | $ | 3,699 |  |  | $ | 59,549 |  |  | $ | 28,298 |  |  | $ | 22,804 |  |  | $ | 4,414 |  |  | $ | 55,516 |

The following are details of net pension expense relating to the following pension plans:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Pension expense: |  | CDT |  | GXS GER |  | GXS PHP |  | Total |  | CDT |  | GXS GER |  | GXS PHP |  | Total
Service cost |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 210 |  |  | $ | 463 |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 196 |  |  | $ | 408 |
Interest cost |  | 158 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 347 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 257 |
Amortization of actuarial (gains) and losses |  | 141 |  |  | 19 |  |  | (59 | ) |  | 101 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 42 |  |  | (12 | ) |  | 185 |
Net pension expense |  | $ | 429 |  |  | $ | 269 |  |  | $ | 213 |  |  | $ | 911 |  |  | $ | 383 |  |  | $ | 232 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 850 |

|  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Pension expense: |  | CDT |  | GXS GER |  | GXS PHP |  | Total |  | CDT |  | GXS GER |  | GXS PHP |  | Total
Service cost |  | $ | 379 |  |  | $ | 357 |  |  | $ | 657 |  |  | $ | 1,393 |  |  | $ | 347 |  |  | $ | 292 |  |  | $ | 838 |  |  | $ | 1,477 |
Interest cost |  | 459 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 1,005 |  |  | 339 |  |  | 279 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 790 |
Amortization of actuarial (gains) and losses |  | 409 |  |  | 55 |  |  | (182 | ) |  | 282 |  |  | 465 |  |  | 125 |  |  | (36 | ) |  | 554 |
Net pension expense |  | $ | 1,247 |  |  | $ | 782 |  |  | $ | 651 |  |  | $ | 2,680 |  |  | $ | 1,151 |  |  | $ | 696 |  |  | $ | 974 |  |  | $ | 2,821 |

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In determining the fair value of the pension plan benefit obligations as of March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively, we used the following weighted-average key assumptions:

| As of March 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2017
| CDT |  | GXS GER |  | GXS PHP |  | CDT |  | GXS GER |  | GXS PHP
Assumptions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salary increases | 2.00% |  | 2.00% |  | 6.20% |  | 2.00% |  | 2.00% |  | 6.20%
Pension increases | 1.75% |  | 2.00% |  | N/A |  | 1.75% |  | 2.00% |  | N/A
Discount rate | 2.05% |  | 2.05% |  | 7.00% |  | 2.00% |  | 2.00% |  | 5.00%
Normal retirement age | 65 |  | 65-67 |  | 60 |  | 65 |  | 65-67 |  | 60
Employee fluctuation rate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
to age 20 | —% |  | —% |  | 12.19% |  | —% |  | —% |  | 12.19%
to age 25 | —% |  | —% |  | 16.58% |  | —% |  | —% |  | 16.58%
to age 30 | 1.00% |  | —% |  | 13.97% |  | 1.00% |  | —% |  | 13.97%
to age 35 | 0.50% |  | —% |  | 10.77% |  | 0.50% |  | —% |  | 10.77%
to age 40 | —% |  | —% |  | 7.39% |  | —% |  | —% |  | 7.39%
to age 45 | 0.50% |  | —% |  | 3.28% |  | 0.50% |  | —% |  | 3.28%
to age 50 | 0.50% |  | —% |  | —% |  | 0.50% |  | —% |  | —%
from age 51 | 1.00% |  | —% |  | —% |  | 1.00% |  | —% |  | —%

Anticipated pension payments under the pension plans for the fiscal years indicated below are as follows:

| Fiscal years ending June 30,
| CDT |  | GXS GER |  | GXS PHP
2018 (three months ended June 30) | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | 253 |  |  | $ | 25 |
2019 | 706 |  |  | 1,042 |  |  | 115 |
2020 | 760 |  |  | 1,050 |  |  | 154 |
2021 | 858 |  |  | 1,095 |  |  | 194 |
2022 | 945 |  |  | 1,106 |  |  | 297 |
2023 to 2027 | 5,912 |  |  | 5,895 |  |  | 2,056 |
Total | $ | 9,340 |  |  | $ | 10,441 |  |  | $ | 2,841 |

Other Plans
Other plans include defined benefit pension plans that are offered by certain of our foreign subsidiaries. Many of these plans were assumed through our acquisitions or are required by local regulatory requirements. These other plans are primarily unfunded, with the aggregate projected benefit obligation included in our pension liability. The net periodic costs of these plans are determined using the projected unit credit method and several actuarial assumptions, the most significant of which are the discount rate and estimated service costs.
NOTE 12—SHARE CAPITAL, OPTION PLANS AND SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS
Cash Dividends
For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, pursuant to the Company’s dividend policy, we declared total non-cumulative dividends of $0.1320 and $0.3960, respectively, per Common Share in the aggregate amount of $35.2 million and $105.0 million, respectively, which we paid during the same period.
For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017, pursuant to the Company’s dividend policy, we paid total non-cumulative dividends of $0.1150 and $0.3450, respectively, per Common Share in the aggregate amount of $30.3 million and $86.0 million, respectively.
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Share Capital
Our authorized share capital includes an unlimited number of Common Shares and an unlimited number of Preference Shares. No Preference Shares have been issued.
Treasury Stock
Repurchase
During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we did no t repurchase any of our Common Shares for potential reissuance under our Long-Term Incentive Plans (LTIP) or other plans (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—123,785 Common Shares, respectively, in the amount of $4.2 million, respectively). See below for more details on our various plans.
From time to time we may provide funds to an independent agent to facilitate repurchases of our Common Shares in connection with the settlement of awards under the LTIP or other plans.
Reissuance
During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we reissued 20,000 and 407,443 Common Shares, respectively, from treasury stock (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—44,000 and 393,922 Common Shares, respectively), in connection with the settlement of awards.
Share-Based Payments
Total share-based compensation expense for the periods indicated below is detailed as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Stock options | $ | 983 |  |  | $ | 2,365 |  |  | $ | 7,014 |  |  | $ | 9,040 |
Performance Share Units (issued under LTIP) | 751 |  |  | 926 |  |  | 2,723 |  |  | 2,754 |
Restricted Share Units (issued under LTIP) | 1,588 |  |  | 1,573 |  |  | 4,987 |  |  | 4,940 |
Restricted Share Units (other) | 146 |  |  | 534 |  |  | 823 |  |  | 2,029 |
Deferred Share Units (directors) | 701 |  |  | 558 |  |  | 2,193 |  |  | 1,899 |
Employee Share Purchase Plan | 911 |  |  | 705 |  |  | 2,733 |  |  | 1,711 |
Total share-based compensation expense | $ | 5,080 |  |  | $ | 6,661 |  |  | $ | 20,473 |  |  | $ | 22,373 |

Summary of Outstanding Stock Options
As of March 31, 2018, an aggregate of 6,846,680 options to purchase Common Shares were outstanding and an additional 11,311,338 options to purchase Common Shares were available for issuance under our stock option plans. Our stock options generally vest over four years and expire between seven and ten years from the date of the grant. Currently we also have options outstanding that vest over five years, as well as options outstanding that vest based on meeting certain market conditions. The exercise price of all our options is set at an amount that is not less than the closing price of our Common Shares on the NASDAQ on the trading day immediately preceding the applicable grant date.
A summary of activity under our stock option plans for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 is as follows:

| Options |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($’000s)
Outstanding at June 30, 2017 | 8,977,830 |  |  | $ | 24.57 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 848,830 |  |  | 34.55 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (2,683,814 | ) |  | 18.68 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited or expired | (296,166 | ) |  | 30.48 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at March 31, 2018 | 6,846,680 |  |  | $ | 27.86 |  |  | 4.48 |  | $ | 47,591 |
Exercisable at March 31, 2018 | 2,303,668 |  |  | $ | 23.91 |  |  | 3.22 |  | $ | 25,095 |

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We estimate the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model or, where appropriate, the Monte Carlo Valuation Method, consistent with the provisions of ASC Topic 718, "Compensation—Stock Compensation" (Topic 718) and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107. The option-pricing models require input of subjective assumptions, including the estimated life of the option and the expected volatility of the underlying stock over the estimated life of the option. We use historical volatility as a basis for projecting the expected volatility of the underlying stock and estimate the expected life of our stock options based upon historical data.
We believe that the valuation techniques and the approach utilized to develop the underlying assumptions are appropriate in calculating the fair value of our stock option grants. Estimates of fair value are not intended, however, to predict actual future events or the value ultimately realized by employees who receive equity awards.
For the periods indicated, the weighted-average fair value of options and weighted-average assumptions were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Weighted–average fair value of options granted | $ | 8.14 |  |  | $ | 7.32 |  |  | $ | 7.48 |  |  | $ | 6.86 |
Weighted-average assumptions used: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expected volatility | 26.95 | % |  | 27.64 | % |  | 27.10 | % |  | 28.61 | %
Risk–free interest rate | 2.44 | % |  | 1.70 | % |  | 1.83 | % |  | 1.32 | %
Expected dividend yield | 1.45 | % |  | 1.37 | % |  | 1.45 | % |  | 1.42 | %
Expected life (in years) | 4.33 |  |  | 4.34 |  |  | 4.42 |  |  | 4.33 |
Forfeiture rate (based on historical rates) | 6 | % |  | 5 | % |  | 6 | % |  | 5 | %
Average exercise share price | $ | 36.50 |  |  | $ | 33.48 |  |  | $ | 34.55 |  |  | $ | 31.34 |

As of March 31, 2018, the total compensation cost related to the unvested stock option awards not yet recognized was approximately $18.5 million, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.4 years.
No cash was used by us to settle equity instruments granted under share-based compensation arrangements in any of the periods presented.
We have no t capitalized any share-based compensation costs as part of the cost of an asset in any of the periods presented.
For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, cash in the amount of $30.5 million and $50.1 million, respectively, was received as the result of the exercise of options granted under share-based payment arrangements. The tax benefit realized by us during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 from the exercise of options eligible for a tax deduction was $0.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively.
For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017, cash in the amount of $12.2 million and $16.7 million, respectively, was received as the result of the exercise of options granted under share-based payment arrangements. The tax benefit realized by us during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017 from the exercise of options eligible for a tax deduction was $1.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively.
Long-Term Incentive Plans
We incentivize our executive officers, in part, with long-term compensation pursuant to our LTIP. The LTIP is a rolling three year program that grants eligible employees a certain number of target Performance Share Units (PSUs) and/or Restricted Share Units (RSUs). Target PSUs become vested upon the achievement of certain financial and/or operational performance criteria (the Performance Conditions) that are determined at the time of the grant. Target RSUs become vested when an eligible employee remains employed throughout the vesting period. LTIP grants that have recently vested, or have yet to vest, are described below. LTIP grants are referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q based upon the year in which the grants are expected to vest.
Fiscal 2017 LTIP
Grants made in Fiscal 2015 under the LTIP (collectively referred to as Fiscal 2017 LTIP), consisting of PSUs and RSUs, took effect in Fiscal 2015 starting on September 4, 2014. We settled the Fiscal 2017 LTIP by issuing 312,651 Common Shares from treasury stock during the three months ended December 31, 2017, with a cost of $6.7 million.
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Fiscal 2018 LTIP
Grants made in Fiscal 2016 under the LTIP (collectively referred to as Fiscal 2018 LTIP), consisting of PSUs and RSUs, took effect in Fiscal 2016 starting on August 23, 2015. The Performance Conditions for vesting of the PSUs are based solely upon market conditions. The RSUs are employee service-based awards and vest over the life of the Fiscal 2018 LTIP. We expect to settle the Fiscal 2018 LTIP awards in stock.
Fiscal 2019 LTIP
Grants made in Fiscal 2017 under the LTIP (collectively referred to as Fiscal 2019 LTIP), consisting of PSUs and RSUs, took effect in Fiscal 2017 starting on August 14, 2016. The Performance Conditions for vesting of the PSUs are based solely upon market conditions. The RSUs are employee service-based awards and vest over the life of the Fiscal 2019 LTIP. We expect to settle the Fiscal 2019 LTIP awards in stock.
Fiscal 2020 LTIP
Grants made in Fiscal 2018 under the LTIP (collectively referred to as Fiscal 2020 LTIP), consisting of PSUs and RSUs, took effect in Fiscal 2018 starting on August 7, 2017. The Performance Conditions for vesting of the PSUs are based solely upon market conditions. The RSUs are employee service-based awards and vest over the life of the Fiscal 2020 LTIP. We expect to settle the Fiscal 2020 LTIP awards in stock.
PSUs and RSUs granted under the LTIPs have been measured at fair value as of the effective date, consistent with Topic 718, and will be charged to share-based compensation expense over the remaining life of the plan. Stock options granted under the LTIPs have been measured using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, consistent with Topic 718. We estimate the fair value of PSUs using the Monte Carlo pricing model and RSUs have been valued based upon their grant date fair value.
As of March 31, 2018, the total expected compensation cost related to the unvested LTIP awards not yet recognized was $15.2 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.9 years.
Restricted Share Units (RSUs)
During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we granted nil and 4,464 RSUs, respectively, to employees in accordance with employment and other agreements (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—nil and 7,800 RSUs, respectively). The RSUs vest over a specified contract date, typically three years from the respective date of grants. We expect to settle the awards in stock.
During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we issued 20,000 and 94,792 Common Shares, respectively, from treasury stock, with a cost of $0.4 million and $2.0 million, respectively, in connection with the settlement of these vested RSUs (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—44,000 and 54,000 Common Shares, respectively, with a cost of $1.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively).
Deferred Stock Units (DSUs)
During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we granted 3,037 and 83,846 DSUs, respectively, to certain non-employee directors (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—2,302 and 77,998 DSUs, respectively). The DSUs were issued under our Deferred Share Unit Plan. DSUs granted as compensation for director fees vest immediately, whereas all other DSUs granted vest at our next annual general meeting following the granting of the DSUs. No DSUs are payable by us until the director ceases to be a member of the Board.
Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP)
Our ESPP offers employees a purchase price discount of 15%.
During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, 201,726 and 540,343 Common Shares, respectively, were eligible for issuance to employees enrolled in the ESPP (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—129,579 and 349,435 Common Shares, respectively).
During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, cash in the amount of approximately $5.8 million and $15.9 million, respectively, was received from employees relating to the ESPP (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—$3.8 million and $10.0 million, respectively).
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NOTE 13—GUARANTEES AND CONTINGENCIES
We have entered into the following contractual obligations with minimum payments for the indicated fiscal periods as follows:

| Payments due between
| Total |  | April 1, 2018— June 30, 2018 |  | July 1, 2018— June 30, 2020 |  | July 1, 2020— June 30, 2022 |  | July 1, 2022 and beyond
Long-term debt obligations (1) | $ | 3,424,525 |  |  | $ | 186,654 |  |  | $ | 389,329 |  |  | $ | 953,792 |  |  | $ | 1,894,750 |
Operating lease obligations (2) | 397,539 |  |  | 20,530 |  |  | 140,044 |  |  | 105,496 |  |  | 131,469 |
Purchase obligations | 17,867 |  |  | 2,622 |  |  | 14,439 |  |  | 806 |  |  | — |
| $ | 3,839,931 |  |  | $ | 209,806 |  |  | $ | 543,812 |  |  | $ | 1,060,094 |  |  | $ | 2,026,219 |

(1) Includes interest up to maturity and principal payments. We currently have borrowings outstanding under the Revolver ($275 million as of March 31, 2018), which we expect to repay within the next 12 months. Please see note 10 "Long-Term Debt" for more details.
(2) Net of $8.6 million of sublease income to be received from properties which we have subleased to third parties.
Guarantees and Indemnifications
We have entered into customer agreements which may include provisions to indemnify our customers against third party claims that our software products or services infringe certain third party intellectual property rights and for liabilities related to a breach of our confidentiality obligations. We have not made any material payments in relation to such indemnification provisions and have not accrued any liabilities related to these indemnification provisions in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Occasionally, we enter into financial guarantees with third parties in the ordinary course of our business, including, among others, guarantees relating to taxes and letters of credit on behalf of parties with whom we conduct business. Such agreements have not had a material effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Litigation
We are currently involved in various claims and legal proceedings.
Quarterly, we review the status of each significant legal matter and evaluate such matters to determine how they should be treated for accounting and disclosure purposes in accordance with the requirements of ASC Topic 450-20 "Loss Contingencies" (Topic 450-20). Specifically, this evaluation process includes the centralized tracking and itemization of the status of all our disputes and litigation items, discussing the nature of any litigation and claim, including any dispute or claim that is reasonably likely to result in litigation, with relevant internal and external counsel, and assessing the progress of each matter in light of its merits and our experience with similar proceedings under similar circumstances.
If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we accrue a liability for the estimated loss in accordance with Topic 450-20. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the aggregate of such estimated losses was not material to our consolidated financial position or result of operations and we do not believe as of the date of this filing that it is reasonably possible that a loss exceeding the amounts already recognized will be incurred that would be material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Contingencies
IRS Matter
As we have previously disclosed, the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is examining certain of our tax returns for our fiscal year ended June 30, 2010 (Fiscal 2010) through our fiscal year ended June 30, 2012 (Fiscal 2012), and in connection with those examinations is reviewing our internal reorganization in Fiscal 2010 to consolidate certain intellectual property ownership in Luxembourg and Canada and our integration of certain acquisitions into the resulting structure. We also previously disclosed that the examinations may lead to proposed adjustments to our taxes that may be material, individually or in the aggregate, and that we have not recorded any material accruals for any such potential adjustments in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
As part of these examinations, which remain ongoing, on July 17, 2015 we received from the IRS an initial Notice of Proposed Adjustment (NOPA) in draft form proposing a one-time approximately $280 million increase to our U.S. federal taxes arising from the reorganization in Fiscal 2010 and proposing penalties equal to 20% of the additional taxes, plus interest at the applicable statutory rate (which will continue to accrue until the matter is resolved and may be substantial). A NOPA is an IRS
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position and does not impose an obligation to pay tax. The draft NOPA may be changed before the final NOPA is issued, including because the IRS reserved the right in the draft NOPA to increase the adjustment. Based on discussions with the IRS, we expect we will receive an additional NOPA proposing an approximately $80 million increase to our U.S. federal taxes for Fiscal 2012 arising from the integration of Global 360 Holding Corp. into the structure that resulted from the reorganization, accompanied by proposed penalties and interest (although there can be no assurance that this will be the amount reflected in the NOPA when received, including because the IRS may assign a higher value to our intellectual property). Depending upon the outcome of these matters, additional state income taxes plus penalties and interest may be due. We currently estimate that, as of March 31, 2018, adjustments under the draft NOPA in its present form and the anticipated additional NOPA could result in an aggregate liability of approximately $605 million, inclusive of U.S. federal and state taxes, penalties and interest. The increase from the initially disclosed estimated aggregate liability is solely due to an estimate of interest that has accrued.
We strongly disagree with the IRS’ position and intend to vigorously contest the proposed adjustments to our taxable income. We are examining various alternatives available to taxpayers to contest the proposed adjustments. Any such alternatives could involve a lengthy process and result in the incurrence of significant expenses. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we have not recorded any material accruals in respect of these examinations in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. An adverse outcome of these tax examinations could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
CRA Matter
As part of its ongoing audit of our Canadian tax returns, the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) has disputed our transfer pricing methodology used for certain intercompany transactions with our international subsidiaries. The CRA has issued a notice of reassessment for Fiscal 2012 that would, as drafted, increase our taxable income for that year by approximately $90 million (offset by the tax attributes referred to below) and apply a penalty of approximately 10%. We strongly disagree with the CRA position and believe the reassessment of Fiscal 2012 (including penalties) is without merit. We will continue to vigorously contest both the proposed adjustments to our taxable income and the penalty assessment. We have filed a notice of objection and will also seek competent authority consideration under applicable international treaties in respect of this reassessment. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we have not recorded any accruals in respect of this reassessment in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Even if we are unsuccessful in challenging the CRA’s reassessment to increase our taxable income for Fiscal 2012, we have elective deductions available in Fiscal 2012 that would offset such increased amount so that no additional cash tax would be payable for Fiscal 2012, exclusive of any proposed penalties. Audits by the CRA of our tax returns for fiscal years prior to Fiscal 2012 have been completed with no reassessment of our income tax liability in respect of our international transactions, including the transfer pricing methodology applied to them. The CRA is currently auditing Fiscal 2013, Fiscal 2014 and Fiscal 2015, and has proposed to reassess Fiscal 2013 in a manner consistent with the reassessment of Fiscal 2012. We are in ongoing discussions with the CRA and continue to vigorously contest the CRA's audit position.
GXS Brazil Matter
As part of our acquisition of GXS, we inherited a tax dispute in Brazil between the Company’s subsidiary, GXS Tecnologia da Informação (Brasil) Ltda. (GXS Brazil), and the municipality of São Paulo, in connection with GXS Brazil’s judicial appeal of a tax claim. During the first quarter of Fiscal 2018 the courts ruled in favour of the municipality of São Paulo. The Company decided not to pursue further appeal. On October 1, 2017, the Company reached a settlement with the municipality and paid $1.4 million.
Historically, prior to our acquisition of GXS, GXS would charge certain costs to its subsidiaries, including GXS Brazil, primarily based on historical transfer pricing studies that were intended to reflect the costs incurred by subsidiaries in relation to services provided by the parent company to the subject subsidiary. GXS recorded taxes on amounts billed, that were considered to be due based on the intercompany charges. GXS subsequently re-evaluated its intercompany charges to GXS Brazil and related taxes and, upon taking into consideration the current environment and judicial proceedings in Brazil, concluded that it was probable that certain indirect taxes would be assessable and payable based upon the accrual of such intercompany charges and has approximately $1.8 million accrued for the probable amount of a settlement related to the indirect taxes, interest and penalties.
GXS India Matter
Our Indian subsidiary, GXS India Technology Centre Private Limited (GXS India), is subject to potential assessments by Indian tax authorities in the city of Bangalore. GXS India has received assessment orders from the Indian tax authorities alleging that the transfer price applied to intercompany transactions was not appropriate. Based on advice from our tax advisors, we believe that the facts that the Indian tax authorities are using to support their assessment are incorrect. We have filed appeals
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and anticipate an eventual settlement with the Indian tax authorities. We have accrued $1.4 million to cover our anticipated financial exposure in this matter.
Please also see Part II, Item 1A "Risk Factors" elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
NOTE 14—INCOME TAXES
Our effective tax rate represents the net effect of the mix of income earned in various tax jurisdictions that are subject to a wide range of income tax rates.
We recognize interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.
For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we recognized the following amounts as income tax-related interest expense and penalties:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Interest expense | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 1,673 |  |  | $ | 3,915 |  |  | $ | 4,456 |
Penalties expense (recoveries) | 453 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (90 | ) |  | (318 | )
Total | $ | 471 |  |  | $ | 1,679 |  |  | $ | 3,825 |  |  | $ | 4,138 |

The following amounts have been accrued on account of income tax-related interest expense and penalties:

| As of March 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2017
Interest expense accrued * | $ | 52,094 |  |  | $ | 47,402 |
Penalties accrued * | $ | 2,325 |  |  | $ | 2,160 |

* These balances have been included within "Long-term income taxes payable" within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We believe that it is reasonably possible that the gross unrecognized tax benefits, as of March 31, 2018, could decrease tax expense in the next 12 months by $7.5 million, relating primarily to the expiration of competent authority relief and tax years becoming statute barred for purposes of future tax examinations by local taxing jurisdictions.
Our four most significant tax jurisdictions are Canada, the United States, Luxembourg and Germany. Our tax filings remain subject to audits by applicable tax authorities for a certain length of time following the tax year to which those filings relate. The earliest fiscal years open for examination are 2009 for Germany, 2010 for the United States, 2011 for Luxembourg, and 2012 for Canada.
We are subject to tax audits in all major taxing jurisdictions in which we operate and currently have tax audits open in Canada, the United States, France, Germany, India, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom. On a quarterly basis we assess the status of these examinations and the potential for adverse outcomes to determine the adequacy of the provision for income and other taxes. Statements regarding the United States and Canada audits are included in note 13 "Guarantees and Contingencies".
The timing of the resolution of income tax audits is highly uncertain, and the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of the issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ from the amounts accrued. It is reasonably possible that within the next 12 months we will receive additional assessments by various tax authorities or possibly reach resolution of income tax audits in one or more jurisdictions. These assessments or settlements may or may not result in changes to our contingencies related to positions on tax filings. The actual amount of any change could vary significantly depending on the ultimate timing and nature of any settlements. We cannot currently provide an estimate of the range of possible outcomes. For more information relating to certain tax audits, please refer to note 13 "Guarantees and Contingencies".
As at March 31, 2018, we have provided $28.3 million (June 30, 2017—$22.1 million) in respect of both additional foreign taxes or deferred income tax liabilities for temporary differences related to the undistributed earnings of certain non-United States subsidiaries, and planned periodic repatriations from certain United States and German subsidiaries, that will be subject to withholding taxes upon distribution. We have not provided for additional foreign withholding taxes or deferred income tax liabilities related to undistributed earnings of all other non-Canadian subsidiaries, since such earnings are considered permanently invested in those subsidiaries, or are not subject to withholding taxes. It is not practicable to reasonably estimate the amount of additional deferred income tax liabilities or foreign withholding taxes that may be payable should these earnings be distributed in the future.
The effective tax rate decreased to a provision of 25.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2018, from a provision of 37.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Tax expense increased by $6.9 million, primarily due to (i) the impact of
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changes in US tax legislation in Fiscal 2018 resulting in a provisional expense of $4.7 million (see below), (ii) an increase of $8.2 million on account of the Company having higher income before taxes, including the impact of foreign tax rates, and (iii) an increase of $1.4 million relating to differences in tax filings from provisions, offset by (i) a decrease of $5.7 million resulting from the net impact of reversals and accruals of reserves, and (ii) a decrease of $1.2 million relating to a decrease in amortization of deferred charges. The remainder of the difference was due to normal course movements and non-material items.
The effective tax rate increased to a provision of 35.8% for the nine months ended March 31, 2018, compared to a recovery of 496.3% for the nine months ended March 31, 2017. The increase in tax expense of $916.0 million was primarily due to (i) a significant tax benefit of $876.1 million resulting from the Fiscal 2017 internal reorganization as described below which did not reoccur in Fiscal 2018, (ii) the impact of changes in US tax legislation in Fiscal 2018 resulting in a provisional charge of $20.0 million (see below), and (iii) an increase of $25.3 million on account of the Company having higher income before taxes, including the impact of foreign tax rates, offset by (i) a decrease of $0.5 million resulting from the net impact of reversals and accruals of reserves, (ii) a decrease of $1.2 million relating to differences in tax filings from provisions, and (iii) a decrease of $3.3 million relating to a decrease in amortization of deferred charges. The remainder of the difference was due to normal course movements and non-material items.
In July 2016, we implemented a reorganization of our subsidiaries worldwide with the view to continuing to enhance operational and administrative efficiencies through further consolidated ownership, management, and development of our intellectual property (IP) in Canada, continuing to reduce the number of entities in our group and working towards our objective of having a single operating legal entity in each jurisdiction. A significant tax benefit of $876.1 million, associated primarily with the recognition of a net deferred tax asset arising from the entry of the IP into Canada, was recognized in the first quarter of Fiscal 2017. For more information relating to this, please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2017.
On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted tax reform legislation through the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which significantly changed the existing US tax laws, including a reduction in the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, and the transition of US international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial tax system. As a result of the enactment of the legislation, the Company incurred a provisional one-time tax expense of $4.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and $20.0 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018, respectively, primarily related to the transition tax on accumulated foreign earnings and the re-measurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities. The portion of this anticipated increase to tax expense attributable to the transition tax is payable over a period of up to eight years. The impact of the $20.0 million adjustment resulting from the US legislation on the effective tax rate is an increase of 6.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and an increase of 7.1% for the nine months ended March 31, 2018.
The $20.0 million is a provisional amount in respect of rate change, Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT), and foreign earnings in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 “Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (SAB 118). The finalization of the provisional one-time amount is pending finalization of the re-assessment of the timing of reversals of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities and additional considerations related to undistributed foreign earnings and evaluating whether any portion of our existing AMT credit carryforwards are not expected to be refundable as a result of the repeal of corporate AMT. Additional information such as final Fiscal 2018 income and detailed earnings and profits calculations for foreign subsidiaries may result in changes to the provisional amount during the SAB 118 measurement period.
The Company continues to assess the impact of the new law on its consolidated financial statements and anticipates finalizing the determination on or before December 22, 2018 in accordance with SAB 118.
NOTE 15—FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
ASC Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurement” (Topic 820) defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and addresses disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Fair value is the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid upon transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability. The fair value, in this context, should be calculated based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, not on assumptions specific to the entity. In addition, the fair value of liabilities should include consideration of non-performance risk, including our own credit risk.
In addition to defining fair value and addressing disclosure requirements, Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of the three levels which are determined by the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. These levels are:

• | Level 1—inputs are based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.

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• | Level 2—inputs are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

• | Level 3—inputs are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair values are therefore determined using model-based techniques that include option pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques.

Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis:
Our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following types of instruments as of March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2017:

| March 31, 2018 |  | June 30, 2017
|  |  | Fair Market Measurements using: |  |  |  | Fair Market Measurements using:
| March 31, 2018 |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets/ (liabilities) |  | Significant other observable inputs |  | Significant unobservable inputs |  | June 30, 2017 |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets/ (liabilities) |  | Significant other observable inputs |  | Significant unobservable inputs
(Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3) |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketable securities | N/A |  |  | N/A |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 3,023 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 3,023 |  |  | N/A
Derivative financial instrument asset (note 16) | — |  |  | N/A |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | 1,174 |  |  | N/A |  | 1,174 |  |  | N/A
| $ | — |  |  | N/A |  | $ | — |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 4,197 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 4,197 |  |  | N/A
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative financial instrument liability (note 16) | $ | (618 | ) |  | N/A |  | $ | (618 | ) |  | N/A |  | $ | — |  |  | N/A |  | $ | — |  |  | N/A
| $ | (618 | ) |  | N/A |  | $ | (618 | ) |  | N/A |  | $ | — |  |  | N/A |  | $ | — |  |  | N/A

Our valuation techniques used to measure the fair values of the derivative instruments, the counterparty to which has high credit ratings, were derived from pricing models including discounted cash flow techniques, with all significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data, as no quoted market prices exist for these instruments. Our discounted cash flow techniques use observable market inputs, such as, where applicable, foreign currency spot and forward rates.
Our cash and cash equivalents, along with our accounts receivable and accounts payable and accrued liabilities balances, are measured and recognized in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements at an amount that approximates their fair value (a Level 2 measurement) due to their short maturities.
If applicable, we will recognize transfers between levels within the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period in which the actual event or change in circumstance occurs. During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we did not have any transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
We measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets and liabilities are recognized at fair value when they are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, no indications of impairment were identified and therefore no fair value measurements were required.
Marketable Securities
Marketable securities are classified as available for sale securities and are recorded within "Other assets" on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with unrealized gains or losses reported as a separate component of Accumulated other comprehensive income. We did no t hold any marketable securities as of March 31, 2018.
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A summary of our marketable securities outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2017 is as follows:

| As of March 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2017
| Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized (Losses) |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized (Losses) |  | Estimated Fair Value
Marketable securities | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | $ | 2,406 |  |  | $ | 617 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,023 |

NOTE 16—DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
We are engaged in hedging programs with various banks to limit the potential foreign exchange fluctuations incurred on future cash flows relating to a portion of our Canadian dollar payroll expenses. We operate internationally and are therefore exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the normal course of our business, in particular to changes in the Canadian dollar on account of large costs that are incurred from our centralized Canadian operations, which are denominated in Canadian dollars. As part of our risk management strategy, we use foreign currency forward contracts to hedge portions of our payroll exposure with typical maturities of between one and twelve months. We do not use derivatives for speculative purposes.
We have designated these transactions as cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions under ASC Topic 815 “Derivatives and Hedging” (Topic 815). As the critical terms of the hedging instrument and of the entire hedged forecasted transaction are the same, in accordance with Topic 815, we have been able to conclude that changes in fair value or cash flows attributable to the risk being hedged are expected to completely offset at inception and on an ongoing basis. Accordingly, quarterly unrealized gains or losses on the effective portion of these forward contracts have been included within other comprehensive income. The fair value of the contracts, as of March 31, 2018, is recorded within "Accounts payable and accrued liabilities”.
As of March 31, 2018, the notional amount of forward contracts we held to sell U.S. dollars in exchange for Canadian dollars was $47.3 million (June 30, 2017—$39.0 million).
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments and Effect of Derivative Instruments on Financial Performance
The effect of these derivative instruments on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the periods indicated below were as follows (amounts presented do not include any income tax effects).
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (see note 15 "Fair Value Measurement")

|  | As of March 31, 2018 |  | As of June 30, 2017
Derivatives | Balance Sheet Location | Fair Value Asset (Liability) |  | Fair Value Asset (Liability)
Foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges | Prepaid expenses and other current assets (Accounts payable and accrued liabilities) | $ | (618 | ) |  | $ | 1,174 |

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Effects of Derivative Instruments on Income and Other Comprehensive Income (OCI)

Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2018
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationship | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion) |  | Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) |  | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, 2018 |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, 2018 |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, 2018
Foreign currency forward contracts | $ | (1,273 | ) |  | $ | 247 |  |  | Operating expenses |  | $ | 423 |  |  | $ | 2,039 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2017
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationship | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion) |  | Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) |  | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, 2017 |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, 2017 |  |  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, 2017
Foreign currency forward contracts | $ | 473 |  |  | $ | (960 | ) |  | Operating expenses |  | $ | (54 | ) |  | $ | 92 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

NOTE 17—SPECIAL CHARGES (RECOVERIES)
Special charges (recoveries) include costs and recoveries that relate to certain restructuring initiatives that we have undertaken from time to time under our various restructuring plans, as well as acquisition-related costs and other charges.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Fiscal 2018 Restructuring Plan | $ | 553 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,907 |  |  | $ | — |
Fiscal 2017 Restructuring Plan | 525 |  |  | 18,888 |  |  | 3,947 |  |  | 20,744 |
Restructuring Plans prior to Fiscal 2017 Restructuring Plan | 4 |  |  | (68 | ) |  | 260 |  |  | (1,872 | )
Acquisition-related costs | 1,172 |  |  | 4,639 |  |  | 4,625 |  |  | 15,305 |
Other charges (recoveries) | 390 |  |  | (2,873 | ) |  | 3,651 |  |  | 9,980 |
Total | $ | 2,644 |  |  | $ | 20,586 |  |  | $ | 21,390 |  |  | $ | 44,157 |

Fiscal 2018 Restructuring Plan
During Fiscal 2018 and in the context of our acquisitions of Covisint, Guidance and subsequently Hightail (each defined below), we began to implement restructuring activities to streamline our operations (collectively referred to as the Fiscal 2018 Restructuring Plan). The Fiscal 2018 Restructuring Plan charges relate to workforce reductions and facility consolidations. These charges require management to make certain judgments and estimates regarding the amount and timing of restructuring charges or recoveries. Our estimated liability could change subsequent to its recognition, requiring adjustments to the expense and the liability recorded. On a quarterly basis, we conduct an evaluation of the related liabilities and expenses and revise our assumptions and estimates as appropriate.
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As of March 31, 2018, we expect total costs to be incurred in conjunction with the Fiscal 2018 Restructuring Plan to be approximately $12.0 million, of which $8.9 million has already been recorded within "Special charges (recoveries)" to date.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 is shown below.

Fiscal 2018 Restructuring Plan | Workforce reduction |  | Facility costs |  | Total
Balance payable as at June 30, 2017 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Accruals and adjustments | 7,977 |  |  | 930 |  |  | 8,907 |
Cash payments | (8,637 | ) |  | (187 | ) |  | (8,824 | )
Foreign exchange and other non-cash adjustments | 912 |  |  | (85 | ) |  | 827 |
Balance payable as at March 31, 2018 | $ | 252 |  |  | $ | 658 |  |  | $ | 910 |

Fiscal 2017 Restructuring Plan
During Fiscal 2017 and in the context of our acquisitions of Recommind, CCM Business and ECD Business (each as defined below), we began to implement restructuring activities to streamline our operations (collectively referred to as the Fiscal 2017 Restructuring Plan). The Fiscal 2017 Restructuring Plan charges relate to workforce reductions and facility consolidations. These charges require management to make certain judgments and estimates regarding the amount and timing of restructuring charges or recoveries. Our estimated liability could change subsequent to its recognition, requiring adjustments to the expense and the liability recorded. On a quarterly basis, we conduct an evaluation of the related liabilities and expenses and revise our assumptions and estimates as appropriate.
As of March 31, 2018, we expect total costs to be incurred in conjunction with the Fiscal 2017 Restructuring Plan to be approximately $45.0 million, of which $37.5 million has already been recorded within "Special charges (recoveries)" to date.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 is shown below.

Fiscal 2017 Restructuring Plan | Workforce reduction |  | Facility costs |  | Total
Balance payable as at June 30, 2017 | $ | 10,045 |  |  | $ | 1,369 |  |  | $ | 11,414 |
Accruals and adjustments | 3,371 |  |  | 576 |  |  | 3,947 |
Cash payments | (12,068 | ) |  | (1,312 | ) |  | (13,380 | )
Foreign exchange and other non-cash adjustments | 590 |  |  | (19 | ) |  | 571 |
Balance payable as at March 31, 2018 | $ | 1,938 |  |  | $ | 614 |  |  | $ | 2,552 |

Acquisition-related costs
Included within "Special charges (recoveries)" for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 are costs incurred directly in relation to acquisitions in the amount of $1.2 million and $4.6 million, respectively (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—$4.6 million and $15.3 million, respectively).
Other charges (recoveries)
ERP Implementation Costs
During Fiscal 2018, we implemented a broad enterprise resource planning (ERP) system.
For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded charges of nil and $3.5 million, respectively, relating to the implementation of this project (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—$2.6 million and $7.3 million, respectively).
Other charges (recoveries)
For the three months ended March 31, 2018, "Other charges" include $1.7 million relating to system implementation costs and $0.9 million relating to other miscellaneous charges. These charges were partially offset by a recovery of $2.2 million relating to certain pre-acquisition sales and use tax liabilities becoming statute barred.
For the nine months ended March 31, 2018, "Other charges" include $1.7 million relating to system implementation costs and $3.0 million relating to miscellaneous other charges. These charges were partially offset by (i) $2.3 million relating to certain pre-acquisition sales and use tax liabilities that were recovered outside of the acquisition's one year measurement period and (ii) $2.2 million relating to certain pre-acquisition sales and use tax liabilities becoming statute barred.
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For the three months ended March 31, 2017, "Other recoveries" primarily include (i) a net recovery of $2.7 million relating to commitment fees, (ii) $1.6 million relating to a recovery on certain interest on pre-acquisition liabilities becoming statute barred, and (iii) $1.3 million relating to a recovery on certain pre-acquisition sales and use tax liabilities being released upon becoming statute barred.
For the nine months ended March 31, 2017, "Other charges" primarily include (i) a net charge of $6.5 million relating to commitment fees and (ii) $1.2 million relating to post-acquisition integration costs necessary to streamline an acquired company into our operations. These charges were partially offset by (i) a recovery of $3.8 million relating to certain pre-acquisition sales and use tax liabilities being released upon becoming statute barred and (ii) $1.4 million relating to a recovery on certain interest on pre-acquisition liabilities becoming statute barred. The remaining amounts relate to miscellaneous other charges.
NOTE 18—ACQUISITIONS
Fiscal 2018 Acquisitions
Acquisition of Hightail, Inc.
On February 14, 2018, we acquired all of the equity interest in Hightail, a leading cloud service provider for file sharing and creative collaboration, for approximately $20.5 million. In accordance with ASC Topic 805 "Business Combinations" (Topic 805), this acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. We believe this acquisition complements and extends our Enterprise Information Management (EIM) portfolio.
The results of operations of this acquisition have been consolidated with those of OpenText beginning February 14, 2018.
Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation
The recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based upon their preliminary fair values as of February 14, 2018, are set forth below:

Current assets | $ | 1,327 |
Non-current tangible assets | 1,265 |
Intangible customer assets | 12,900 |
Intangible technology assets | 4,200 |
Liabilities assumed | (6,353 | )
Total identifiable net assets | 13,339 |
Goodwill | 7,127 |
Net assets acquired | $ | 20,466 |

The goodwill of $7.1 million is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to arise after the acquisition. No portion of this goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
Included in total identifiable net assets is acquired deferred revenue with a fair value of $5.2 million, which represents our estimate of the fair value of the contractual obligations assumed based on a preliminary valuation. In arriving at this fair value, we reduced the acquired company’s original carrying value by $2.0 million.
The fair value of current assets acquired includes accounts receivable with a fair value of $0.7 million. The gross amount receivable was $0.8 million of which $0.1 million of this receivable is expected to be uncollectible.
Acquisition-related costs for Hightail included in "Special charges (recoveries)" in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 was $0.5 million, respectively.
The acquisition had no significant impact on revenues and net earnings for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 since the date of acquisition.
Pro forma results of operations for this acquisition have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations.
The finalization of the purchase price allocation is pending the finalization of the valuation of fair value for assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including tax balances. We expect to finalize this determination on or before December 31, 2018.
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Acquisition of Guidance Software, Inc.
On September 14, 2017, we acquired all of the equity interest in Guidance, a leading provider of forensic security solutions, for approximately $240.5 million. In accordance with Topic 805, this acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. We believe this acquisition complements and extends our EIM portfolio.
The results of operations of this acquisition have been consolidated with those of OpenText beginning September 14, 2017.
The following tables summarize the preliminary consideration paid for Guidance and the amount of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as the goodwill recorded as of the acquisition date:

Cash consideration* | $ | 237,291 |
Guidance shares already owned by OpenText through open market purchases (at fair value) | 3,247 |
Preliminary purchase consideration | $ | 240,538 |

* Inclusive of $2.3 million accrued for but unpaid as of March 31, 2018. See "Appraisal Proceedings" below for more information.
Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation
The recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based upon their preliminary fair values as of September 14, 2017, are set forth below:

Current assets (inclusive of cash acquired of $5.7 million) | $ | 25,253 |
Non-current tangible assets | 10,540 |
Intangible customer assets | 71,230 |
Intangible technology assets | 51,851 |
Liabilities assumed | (48,670 | )
Total identifiable net assets | 110,204 |
Goodwill | 130,334 |
Net assets acquired | $ | 240,538 |

The goodwill of $130.3 million is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to arise after the acquisition. Of this goodwill, approximately $1.9 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
Included in total identifiable net assets is acquired deferred revenue with a fair value of $26.6 million, which represents our estimate of the fair value of the contractual obligations assumed based on a preliminary valuation. In arriving at this fair value, we reduced the acquired company’s original carrying value by $7.6 million.
The fair value of current assets acquired includes accounts receivable with a fair value of $10.3 million. The gross amount receivable was $11.8 million of which $1.5 million of this receivable is expected to be uncollectible.
An amount of $0.8 million, representing the mark to market gain on the shares we held in Guidance prior to the acquisition, was recorded to "Other income" in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the nine months ended March 31, 2018.
Acquisition-related costs for Guidance included in "Special charges (recoveries)" in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 were $0.4 million and $2.7 million, respectively.
The acquisition had no significant impact on revenues and net earnings for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 since the date of acquisition.
Pro forma results of operations for this acquisition have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations.
The finalization of the purchase price allocation is pending the finalization of the valuation of fair value for assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including tax balances. We expect to finalize this determination on or before September 30, 2018.
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Appraisal Proceedings
Under Section 262 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, shareholders who did not tender their shares in connection with our tender offer were entitled to have their shares appraised by the Delaware Court of Chancery and receive payment of the “fair value” of such shares. On August 31, 2017 we received notice from the record holder of approximately 1,519,569 shares or 5% of the issued and outstanding Guidance shares as of the date of acquisition, demanding an appraisal of the fair value of Guidance shares as they believed the price we paid for Guidance shares was less than its fair value. We accrued $10.8 million in connection with these claims, which is equivalent to paying $7.10 per Guidance share, the amount these Guidance shareholders otherwise would have received had they tendered their shares in our offer. During the second quarter of Fiscal 2018, we paid $8.5 million to the trust account of dissenting shareholders’ attorney, leaving $2.3 million accrued and unpaid for this matter. The amount accrued has been included within "Accounts payable and accrued liabilities" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, with no impact to our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income provided the courts rule within the open measurement period of 12 months from acquisition date.
Acquisition of Covisint Corporation
On July 26, 2017, we acquired all of the equity interest in Covisint, a leading cloud platform for building Identity, Automotive, and Internet of Things applications, for approximately $102.8 million. In accordance with Topic 805, this acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. We believe this acquisition complements and extends our EIM portfolio.
The results of operations of this acquisition have been consolidated with those of OpenText beginning July 26, 2017.
Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation
The recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based upon their preliminary fair values as of July 26, 2017, are set forth below:

Current assets (inclusive of cash acquired of $31.5 million) | $ | 41,586 |
Non-current tangible assets | 3,426 |
Intangible customer assets | 36,600 |
Intangible technology assets | 17,300 |
Liabilities assumed | (23,033 | )
Total identifiable net assets | 75,879 |
Goodwill | 26,905 |
Net assets acquired | $ | 102,784 |

The goodwill of $26.9 million is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to arise after the acquisition. Of this goodwill, approximately $26.8 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
Included in total identifiable net assets is acquired deferred revenue with a fair value of $12.2 million, which represents our estimate of the fair value of the contractual obligations assumed based on a preliminary valuation. In arriving at this fair value, we reduced the acquired company’s original carrying value by $4.6 million.
The fair value of current assets acquired includes accounts receivable with a fair value of $7.8 million. The gross amount receivable was $7.9 million of which $0.1 million of this receivable is expected to be uncollectible.
Acquisition-related costs for Covisint included in "Special charges (recoveries)" in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 were nil and $0.9 million, respectively.
The acquisition had no significant impact on revenues and net earnings for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 since the date of acquisition.
Pro forma results of operations for this acquisition have not been presented because they are not material to the consolidated results of operations.
The finalization of the purchase price allocation is pending the finalization of the valuation of fair value for assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including tax balances. We expect to finalize this determination on or before June 30, 2018.
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Fiscal 2017 Acquisitions
Purchase of an Asset Group Constituting a Business - ECD Business
On January 23, 2017, we acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of the enterprise content division of EMC Corporation, a Massachusetts corporation, and certain of its subsidiaries, collectively referred to as Dell-EMC (ECD Business) for approximately $1.62 billion. In accordance with Topic 805, this acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. ECD Business offers OpenText a suite of leading Enterprise Content Management solutions with deep industry focus, including the Documentum TM, InfoArchive TM, and LEAP TM product families. We believe this acquisition complements and extends our EIM portfolio.
The results of operations of this acquisition were consolidated with those of OpenText beginning January 23, 2017.
Purchase Price Allocation
The recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based upon their fair values as of January 23, 2017, are set forth below:

Current assets | $ | 11,339 |
Non-current tangible assets | 103,672 |
Intangible customer assets | 407,000 |
Intangible technology assets | 459,000 |
Liabilities assumed | (182,301 | )
Total identifiable net assets | 798,710 |
Goodwill | 823,684 |
Net assets acquired | $ | 1,622,394 |

The goodwill of $823.7 million is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to arise after the acquisition. Of this goodwill, approximately $378.5 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
Included in total identifiable net assets is acquired deferred revenue with a fair value of $163.8 million, which represents our estimate of the fair value of the contractual obligations assumed. In arriving at this fair value, we reduced the acquired company’s original carrying value by $52.0 million.
Further, included within total identifiable net assets are also certain contract assets which represent revenue earned by the ECD Business on long-term projects for which billings had not yet occurred as of January 23, 2017. As these long-term projects have now been inherited by OpenText, we are responsible for billing and collecting cash on these projects at the appropriate time, yet we do not and will not recognize revenue for these billings. The fair value assigned to these contract assets as of January 23, 2017 was $8.4 million.
Purchase of an Asset Group Constituting a Business - CCM Business
On July 31, 2016, we acquired certain customer communications management software and services assets and liabilities from HP Inc. (CCM Business) for approximately $315.0 million. In accordance with Topic 805, this acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. We believe this acquisition complements our current software portfolio, and allows us to better serve our customers by offering a wider set of CCM capabilities.
The results of operations of this acquisition were consolidated with those of OpenText beginning July 31, 2016.
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Purchase Price Allocation
The recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based upon their fair values as of July 31, 2016, are set forth below:

Current assets | $ | 683 |
Non-current deferred tax asset | 11,861 |
Non-current tangible assets | 2,348 |
Intangible customer assets | 64,000 |
Intangible technology assets | 101,000 |
Liabilities assumed | (38,090 | )
Total identifiable net assets | 141,802 |
Goodwill | 173,198 |
Net assets acquired | $ | 315,000 |

The goodwill of $173.2 million is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to arise after the acquisition. Of this goodwill, approximately $105.1 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
Acquisition of Recommind, Inc.
O n July 20, 2016, we acquired all of the equity interest in Recommind, Inc. (Recommind), a leading provider of eDiscovery and information analytics, for approximately $170.1 million. In accordance with Topic 805, this acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. We believe this acquisition complements our EIM solutions, and through eDiscovery and analytics, provides increased visibility into structured and unstructured data.
The results of operations of Recommind, were consolidated with those of OpenText beginning July 20, 2016.
Purchase Price Allocation
The recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based upon their fair values as of July 20, 2016, are set forth below:

Current assets | $ | 30,034 |
Non-current tangible assets | 1,245 |
Intangible customer assets | 51,900 |
Intangible technology assets | 24,800 |
Long-term deferred tax liabilities | (1,780 | )
Other liabilities assumed | (27,497 | )
Total identifiable net assets | 78,702 |
Goodwill | 91,405 |
Net assets acquired | $ | 170,107 |

The goodwill of $91.4 million is primarily attributable to the synergies expected to arise after the acquisition. No portion of this goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
The fair value of current assets acquired includes accounts receivable with a fair value of $28.7 million. The gross amount receivable was $29.6 million of which $0.9 million of this receivable was expected to be uncollectible.
NOTE 19—SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURES

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Cash paid during the period for interest | $ | 32,489 |  |  | $ | 29,889 |  |  | $ | 97,353 |  |  | $ | 83,474 |
Cash received during the period for interest | $ | 332 |  |  | $ | 1,164 |  |  | $ | 873 |  |  | $ | 2,634 |
Cash paid during the period for income taxes | $ | 23,654 |  |  | $ | 21,146 |  |  | $ | 52,488 |  |  | $ | 60,828 |

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NOTE 20—EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income, attributable to OpenText, by the weighted average number of Common Shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing net income, attributable to OpenText, by the shares used in the calculation of basic earnings per share plus the dilutive effect of Common Share equivalents, such as stock options, using the treasury stock method. Common Share equivalents are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share if their effect is anti-dilutive.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, |
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Basic earnings per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to OpenText | $ | 58,794 |  |  | $ | 21,616 |  |  | $ | 180,501 |  |  | $ | 979,522 |  | (1)
Basic earnings per share attributable to OpenText | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | 3.91 |  |
Diluted earnings per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to OpenText | $ | 58,794 |  |  | $ | 21,616 |  |  | $ | 180,501 |  |  | $ | 979,522 |  | (1)
Diluted earnings per share attributable to OpenText | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | 3.88 |  |
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 266,572 |  |  | 263,329 |  |  | 265,619 |  |  | 250,538 |  |
Effect of dilutive securities | 1,192 |  |  | 2,111 |  |  | 1,335 |  |  | 1,931 |  |
Diluted | 267,764 |  |  | 265,440 |  |  | 266,954 |  |  | 252,469 |  |
Excluded as anti-dilutive(2) | 2,102 |  |  | 1,117 |  |  | 2,690 |  |  | 1,577 |  |

(1) Please also see note 14 "Income Taxes" for details relating to a one-time tax benefit of $876.1 million recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2016 in connection with an internal reorganization of our subsidiaries.
(2) Represents options to purchase Common Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of the stock options was greater than or equal to the average price of the Common Shares during the period.
NOTE 21—RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Our procedure regarding the approval of any related party transaction requires that the material facts of such transaction be reviewed by the independent members of the Audit Committee and the transaction be approved by a majority of the independent members of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee reviews all transactions in which we are, or will be, a participant and any related party has or will have a direct or indirect interest in the transaction. In determining whether to approve a related party transaction, the Audit Committee generally takes into account, among other facts it deems appropriate, whether the transaction is on terms no less favorable than terms generally available to an unaffiliated third party under the same or similar circumstances; the extent and nature of the related person’s interest in the transaction; the benefits to the Company of the proposed transaction; if applicable, the effects on a director’s independence; and if applicable, the availability of other sources of comparable services or products.
During the nine months ended March 31, 2018, Mr. Stephen Sadler, a director, earned $0.8 million (nine months ended March 31, 2017—$0.8 million) in consulting fees from OpenText for assistance with acquisition-related business activities. Mr. Sadler abstained from voting on all transactions from which he would potentially derive consulting fees.
NOTE 22—SUBSEQUENT EVENT
Cash Dividends
As part of our quarterly, non-cumulative cash dividend program, we declared, on May 8, 2018, a dividend of $0.1518 per Common Share. The record date for this dividend is June 8, 2018 and the payment date is June 29, 2018. Future declarations of dividends and the establishment of future record and payment dates are subject to the final determination and discretion of our Board.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A), contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), and Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securitie s Act), and is subject to the safe harbors created by those sections. All statements other than statements of historical facts are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements.
When used in this report, the words “anticipates”, “expects”, “intends”, “plans”, “believes”, “seeks”, “estimates”, “may”, “could”, “would”, "might", "will" and other similar language, as they relate to Open Text Corporation (“OpenText” or the “Company”), are intended to identify forward-looking statements under applicable securities laws. Specific forward-looking statements in this report include, but are not limited to: (i) statements about our focus in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2017 and ending June 30, 2018 (Fiscal 2018) on growth in earnings and cash flows; (ii) creating value through investments in broader Enterprise Information Management (EIM) capabilities; (iii) our future business plans and business planning process; (iv) statements relating to business trends; (v) statements relating to distribution; (vi) the Company’s presence in the cloud and in growth markets; (vii) product and solution developments, enhancements and releases and the timing thereof; (viii) the Company’s financial conditions, results of operations and earnings; (ix) the basis for any future growth and for our financial performance; (x) declaration of quarterly dividends; (xi) future tax rates; (xii) the changing regulatory environment including the new tax reform legislation enacted through the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in the United States and its impact on our business; (xiii) annual recurring revenues; (xiv) research and development and related expenditures; (xv) our building, development and consolidation of our network infrastructure; (xvi) competition and changes in the competitive landscape; (xvii) our management and protection of intellectual property and other proprietary rights; (xviii) foreign sales and exchange rate fluctuations; (xix) cyclical or seasonal aspects of our business; (xx) capital expenditures; (xxi) potential legal and/or regulatory proceedings; (xxii) statements about the impact of OpenText Magellan and OpenText Release 16; and (xxiii) other matters.
In addition, any statements or information that refer to expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, performance or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking, and based on our current expectations, forecasts and projections about the operating environment, economies and markets in which we operate. Forward-looking statements reflect our current estimates, beliefs and assumptions, which are based on management’s perception of historic trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors it believes are appropriate in the circumstances. The forward-looking statements contained in this report are based on certain assumptions including the following: (i) countries continuing to implement and enforce existing and additional customs and security regulations relating to the provision of electronic information for imports and exports; (ii) our continued operation of a secure and reliable business network; (iii) the stability of general economic and market conditions, currency exchange rates, and interest rates; (iv) equity and debt markets continuing to provide us with access to capital; (v) our continued ability to identify, source and finance attractive and executable business combination opportunities; and (vi) our continued compliance with third party intellectual property rights. Management’s estimates, beliefs and assumptions are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive and other uncertainties and contingencies regarding future events and, as such, are subject to change. We can give no assurance that such estimates, beliefs and assumptions will prove to be correct.
Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from the anticipated results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties that may affect forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) integration of acquisitions and related restructuring efforts, including the quantum of restructuring charges and the timing thereof; (ii) the potential for the incurrence of or assumption of debt in connection with acquisitions and the impact on the ratings or outlooks of rating agencies on our outstanding debt securities; (iii) the possibility that the Company may be unable to meet its future reporting requirements under the Exchange Act, and the rules promulgated thereunder, or applicable Canadian securities regulation; (iv) the risks associated with bringing new products and services to market; (v) fluctuations in currency exchange rates (including as a result of the impact of Brexit and any policy changes resulting from the new U.S. administration); (vi) delays in the purchasing decisions of the Company’s customers; (vii) the competition the Company faces in its industry and/or marketplace; (viii) the final determination of litigation, tax audits (including tax examinations in the United States, Canada or elsewhere) and other legal proceedings; (ix) potential exposure to greater than anticipated tax liabilities or expenses, including with respect to changes in Canadian, U.S. or international tax regimes; (x) the possibility of technical, logistical or planning issues in connection with the deployment of the Company’s products or services; (xi) the continuous commitment of the Company’s customers; (xii) demand for the Company’s products and services; (xiii) increase in exposure to international business risks (including as a result of the impact of Brexit and any policy changes resulting from the new U.S. administration) as we continue to increase our international operations; (xiv) inability to raise capital at all or on not unfavorable terms in the future; (xv) downward pressure on our share price and dilutive effect of future sales or issuances of equity securities (including in connection with future acquisitions); and (xvi) potential changes in ratings or outlooks of rating agencies on our outstanding debt securities. Other factors that may affect forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) the future performance, financial and otherwise, of the Company; (ii) the ability of the Company to bring new products and services to market and to
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increase sales; (iii) the strength of the Company’s product development pipeline; (iv) failure to secure and protect patents, trademarks and other proprietary rights; (v) infringement of third-party proprietary rights triggering indemnification obligations and resulting in significant expenses or restrictions on our ability to provide our products or services; (vi) failure to comply with privacy laws and regulations that are extensive, open to various interpretations and complex to implement including General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR); (vii) the Company’s growth and other profitability prospects; (viii) the estimated size and growth prospects of the EIM market; (ix) the Company’s competitive position in the EIM market and its ability to take advantage of future opportunities in this market; (x) the benefits of the Company’s products and services to be realized by customers; (xi) the demand for the Company’s products and services and the extent of deployment of the Company’s products and services in the EIM marketplace; (xii) the Company’s financial condition and capital requirements; (xiii) system or network failures or information security breaches in connection with the Company's offerings and information technology systems generally; and (xiv) failure to attract and retain key personnel to develop and effectively manage the Company's business.
For additional information with respect to risks and other factors which could occur, see Part II, Item 1A "Risk Factors" herein and the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, including Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" therein; Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, including Item 1A herein and other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and other securities regulators. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance upon any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. Unless otherwise required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
The following MD&A is intended to help readers understand our results of operations and financial condition, and is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
All dollar and percentage comparisons made herein generally refer to the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 compared with the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017, unless otherwise noted.
Where we say “we”, “us”, “our”, “OpenText” or “the Company”, we mean Open Text Corporation or Open Text Corporation and its subsidiaries, as applicable.
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
We operate in the EIM market. We develop enterprise software for digital transformation. OpenText’s comprehensive platform and suite of software products and services provide secure and scalable solutions for global companies. Our software assists organizations with finding, utilizing and sharing business information from any device in ways that are intuitive, efficient and productive. We also help ensure that information remains secure and private, as demanded in today’s highly regulated climate. In addition, we provide solutions that facilitate the exchange of information and transactions between supply chain participants, such as manufacturers, retailers, distributors and financial institutions. These are central to a company’s ability to collaborate effectively with its partners. Our focus is to help customers automate processes. The algorithms embedded in our software aim to enable customers to unlock massive amounts of data and gain better insight into their business, which ultimately can lead to better decision making.
We offer software through traditional on-premise solutions, cloud solutions or a combination of both on-premise and cloud solutions (hybrid). We are agnostic as to which delivery method a customer prefers. We believe giving customers choice and flexibility will help us to strive to obtain long-term customer value.
Our initial public offering was on the NASDAQ in 1996 and we were subsequently listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) in 1998. We are a multinational company and as of March 31, 2018, employed approximately 12,200 people worldwide.
Our ticker symbol on both the NASDAQ and the TSX is "OTEX".
Quarterly Summary:
During the quarter we saw the following activity:

• | Total revenue was $685.9 million, up 15.6% compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year; up 10.8% after factoring the impact of $28.7 million of foreign exchange rate changes.

• | Total annual recurring revenue, which we define as the sum of cloud services and subscriptions revenue and customer support revenue, was $521.4 million, up 18.3% compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year; up 13.9% after factoring the impact of $19.5 million of foreign exchange rate changes.

• | Cloud services and subscriptions revenue was $209.1 million, up 18.1% compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year; up 15.2% after factoring the impact of $5.1 million of foreign exchange rate changes.

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• | License revenue was $84.1 million, down 3.6% compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year; down 8.3% after factoring the impact of $4.2 million of foreign exchange rate changes.

• | GAAP-based EPS, diluted, was $0.22 compared to $0.08 in the same period in the prior fiscal year.

• | Non-GAAP-based EPS, diluted, was $0.54 compared to $0.45 in the same period in the prior fiscal year.

• | GAAP-based gross margin was 64.6% compared to 64.5% in the same period in the prior fiscal year.

• | Non-GAAP-based gross margin was 71.6% compared to 71.2% in the same period in the prior fiscal year.

• | GAAP-based operating margin was 14.9% compared to 11.0% in the same period in the prior fiscal year.

• | Non-GAAP-based operating margin was 29.8% compared to 29.1% in the same period in the prior fiscal year.

• | GAAP-based net income attributable to OpenText was $58.8 million compared to $21.6 million in the same period in the prior fiscal year.

• | Non-GAAP-based net income attributable to OpenText was $145.8 million compared to $119.8 million in the same period in the prior fiscal year.

• | Adjusted EBITDA was $227.2 million compared to $189.1 million in the same period in the prior fiscal year.

• | Operating cash flow was $504.4 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018, up 49.8% from the same period in the prior fiscal year.

• | Cash and cash equivalents was $605.5 million as of March 31, 2018, compared to $443.4 million as of June 30, 2017.

See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below for definitions and reconciliations of GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures.
See "Acquisitions" below for the impact of acquisitions on the period-to-period comparability of results.
Acquisitions
Our competitive position in the marketplace requires us to maintain a complex and evolving array of technologies, products, services and capabilities. In light of the continually evolving marketplace in which we operate, on an ongoing basis we regularly evaluate acquisition opportunities within the EIM market and at any time may be in various stages of discussions with respect to such opportunities.
Acquisition of Hightail, Inc.
On February 14, 2018, we acquired all of the equity interest in Hightail, Inc. (Hightail), a leading cloud service provider for file sharing and creative collaboration, for approximately $20.5 million. This acquisition complements and extends our EIM portfolio. The results of operations of this acquisition have been consolidated with those of OpenText beginning February 14, 2018.
Acquisition of Guidance Software, Inc.
On September 14, 2017, we acquired all of the equity interest in Guidance Software Inc. (Guidance), a leading provider of forensic security solutions, for approximately $240.5 million. This acquisition complements and extends our EIM portfolio. The results of operations of this acquisition have been consolidated with those of OpenText beginning September 14, 2017.
Acquisition of Covisint Corporation
On July 26, 2017, we acquired all of the equity interest in Covisint Corporation (Covisint), a leading cloud platform for building Identity, Automotive, and Internet of Things applications, for approximately $102.8 million. This acquisition complements and extends our EIM portfolio. The results of operations of this acquisition have been consolidated with those of OpenText beginning July 26, 2017.
We believe our acquisitions support our long-term strategic direction, strengthen our competitive position, expand our customer base, provide greater scale to accelerate innovation, grow our earnings and provide superior shareholder value. We expect to continue to strategically acquire companies, products, services and technologies to augment our existing business. Our acquisitions, particularly significant ones, can affect the period-to-period comparability of our results. See note 18 "Acquisitions" to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more details.
Outlook for remainder of Fiscal 2018
We expect to continue to pursue strategic acquisitions in the future to strengthen our service offerings in the EIM market, and at any time may be in various stages of discussions with respect to such opportunities. We believe we are a value oriented and disciplined acquirer, having efficiently deployed approximately $5.8 billion on acquisitions over the last 10 years. We see
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our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies and assets into our business as a strength and pursuing strategic acquisitions is an important aspect to our growth strategy. During Fiscal 2018, we further demonstrated the implementation of this strategy by acquiring Covisint, Guidance and Hightail, deploying an aggregate of $363.8 million.
While continuing to acquire companies is our leading growth driver, our growth strategy also includes organic growth through internal innovation. This quarter we invested approximately $84 million in research and development (R&D) or approximately 12% of revenue, in line with our target to spend approximately 11% to 13% of revenues for R&D this fiscal year. We believe our ability to leverage our global presence is helpful to our organic growth initiatives.
We have developed an Artificial Intelligence (AI) platform called “OpenText Magellan” (Magellan). Our approach to AI is via an open source code and we believe in making long-term, strategic investments to developing AI. As our enterprise software has historically been focused on managing data and content archives, we believe we are well positioned to turn these archives of data into active “data lakes” and we believe we can develop AI to transform this digital information into useful knowledge and insight for our customers.
We see an opportunity to help our customers become “digital businesses” and, with Magellan and OpenText Release 16 as well as our recent acquisitions, we believe we have a strong platform to integrate personalized analytics and insights onto our OpenText EIM suites of products, which will further our vision to enable “the digital world” and strengthen our position among leaders in EIM.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. These estimates, judgments and assumptions are evaluated on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable at that time, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates. The accounting policies that reflect our more significant estimates, judgments and assumptions and which we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results include the following:

(i) | Revenue recognition,

(ii) | Capitalized software,

(iii) | Business combinations,

(iv) | Goodwill,

(v) | Acquired intangibles,

(vi) | Restructuring charges,

(vii) | Foreign currency, and

(viii) | Income taxes.

During the third quarter of Fiscal 2018, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates. However, income tax estimates were impacted by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act which was enacted in the United States on December 22, 2017. The Company has recorded a provisional charge and continues to assess the effect of the new law on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 “Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (SAB 118). For more details related to this matter, please refer to note 14 "Income Taxes" to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Furthermore, for a detailed discussion of our critical accounting and estimates, please refer to Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended June 30, 2017.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following tables provide a detailed analysis of our results of operations and financial condition. For each of the periods indicated below, we present our revenues by product, revenues by major geography, cost of revenues by product, total gross margin, total operating margin, gross margin by product, and their corresponding percentage of total revenue. In addition, we provide Non-GAAP measures for the periods discussed in order to provide additional information to investors that we believe will be useful as this presentation is in line with how our management assesses our Company's performance. See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below for a reconciliation of GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures.
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Summary of Results of Operations

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017
Total Revenues by Product Type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
License |  | $ | 84,113 |  |  | $ | (3,114 | ) |  | $ | 87,227 |  |  | $ | 297,588 |  |  | $ | 51,941 |  |  | $ | 245,647 |
Cloud services and subscriptions |  | 209,102 |  |  | 31,993 |  |  | 177,109 |  |  | 611,076 |  |  | 89,219 |  |  | 521,857 |
Customer support |  | 312,279 |  |  | 48,843 |  |  | 263,436 |  |  | 915,753 |  |  | 222,455 |  |  | 693,298 |
Professional service and other |  | 80,385 |  |  | 15,027 |  |  | 65,358 |  |  | 236,554 |  |  | 69,853 |  |  | 166,701 |
Total revenues |  | 685,879 |  |  | 92,749 |  |  | 593,130 |  |  | 2,060,971 |  |  | 433,468 |  |  | 1,627,503 |
Total Cost of Revenues |  | 242,731 |  |  | 32,242 |  |  | 210,489 |  |  | 706,543 |  |  | 163,668 |  |  | 542,875 |
Total GAAP-based Gross Profit |  | 443,148 |  |  | 60,507 |  |  | 382,641 |  |  | 1,354,428 |  |  | 269,800 |  |  | 1,084,628 |
Total GAAP-based Gross Margin % |  | 64.6 | % |  |  |  | 64.5 | % |  | 65.7 | % |  |  |  | 66.6 | %
Total GAAP-based Operating Expenses |  | 340,825 |  |  | 23,445 |  |  | 317,380 |  |  | 998,374 |  |  | 160,226 |  |  | 838,148 |
Total GAAP-based Income from Operations |  | $ | 102,323 |  |  | $ | 37,062 |  |  | $ | 65,261 |  |  | $ | 356,054 |  |  | $ | 109,574 |  |  | $ | 246,480 |
% Revenues by Product Type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
License |  | 12.3 | % |  |  |  | 14.7 | % |  | 14.5 | % |  |  |  | 15.1 | %
Cloud services and subscriptions |  | 30.5 | % |  |  |  | 29.9 | % |  | 29.6 | % |  |  |  | 32.1 | %
Customer support |  | 45.5 | % |  |  |  | 44.4 | % |  | 44.4 | % |  |  |  | 42.6 | %
Professional service and other |  | 11.7 | % |  |  |  | 11.0 | % |  | 11.5 | % |  |  |  | 10.2 | %
Total Cost of Revenues by Product Type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
License |  | $ | 3,098 |  |  | $ | (910 | ) |  | $ | 4,008 |  |  | $ | 10,645 |  |  | $ | 401 |  |  | $ | 10,244 |
Cloud services and subscriptions |  | 94,264 |  |  | 17,039 |  |  | 77,225 |  |  | 269,012 |  |  | 48,345 |  |  | 220,667 |
Customer support |  | 33,820 |  |  | (622 | ) |  | 34,442 |  |  | 99,805 |  |  | 12,276 |  |  | 87,529 |
Professional service and other |  | 64,246 |  |  | 8,717 |  |  | 55,529 |  |  | 188,690 |  |  | 51,523 |  |  | 137,167 |
Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets |  | 47,303 |  |  | 8,018 |  |  | 39,285 |  |  | 138,391 |  |  | 51,123 |  |  | 87,268 |
Total cost of revenues |  | $ | 242,731 |  |  | $ | 32,242 |  |  | $ | 210,489 |  |  | $ | 706,543 |  |  | $ | 163,668 |  |  | $ | 542,875 |
% GAAP-based Gross Margin by Product Type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
License |  | 96.3 | % |  |  |  | 95.4 | % |  | 96.4 | % |  |  |  | 95.8 | %
Cloud services and subscriptions |  | 54.9 | % |  |  |  | 56.4 | % |  | 56.0 | % |  |  |  | 57.7 | %
Customer support |  | 89.2 | % |  |  |  | 86.9 | % |  | 89.1 | % |  |  |  | 87.4 | %
Professional service and other |  | 20.1 | % |  |  |  | 15.0 | % |  | 20.2 | % |  |  |  | 17.7 | %
Total Revenues by Geography:(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas (2) |  | $ | 395,453 |  |  | $ | 51,545 |  |  | $ | 343,908 |  |  | $ | 1,191,579 |  |  | $ | 234,471 |  |  | $ | 957,108 |
EMEA (3) |  | 222,565 |  |  | 26,984 |  |  | 195,581 |  |  | 662,403 |  |  | 142,917 |  |  | 519,486 |
Asia Pacific (4) |  | 67,861 |  |  | 14,220 |  |  | 53,641 |  |  | 206,989 |  |  | 56,080 |  |  | 150,909 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 685,879 |  |  | $ | 92,749 |  |  | $ | 593,130 |  |  | $ | 2,060,971 |  |  | $ | 433,468 |  |  | $ | 1,627,503 |
% Revenues by Geography: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas (2) |  | 57.7 | % |  |  |  | 58.0 | % |  | 57.8 | % |  |  |  | 58.8 | %
EMEA (3) |  | 32.4 | % |  |  |  | 33.0 | % |  | 32.1 | % |  |  |  | 31.9 | %
Asia Pacific (4) |  | 9.9 | % |  |  |  | 9.0 | % |  | 10.1 | % |  |  |  | 9.3 | %

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|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2018 |  |  |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  |  |  | 2017 |
GAAP-based gross margin |  | 64.6 | % |  |  |  | 64.5 | % |  | 65.7 | % |  |  |  | 66.6 | % |
GAAP-based operating margin |  | 14.9 | % |  |  |  | 11.0 | % |  | 17.3 | % |  |  |  | 15.1 | % |
GAAP-based EPS, diluted |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3.88 |  | (6)
Net income, attributable to OpenText |  | $ | 58,794 |  |  |  |  | $ | 21,616 |  |  | $ | 180,501 |  |  |  |  | $ | 979,522 |  | (6)
Non-GAAP-based gross margin (5) |  | 71.6 | % |  |  |  | 71.2 | % |  | 72.6 | % |  |  |  | 72.2 | % |
Non-GAAP-based operating margin (5) |  | 29.8 | % |  |  |  | 29.1 | % |  | 32.7 | % |  |  |  | 31.2 | % |
Non-GAAP-based EPS, diluted (5) |  | $ | 0.54 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 1.84 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.42 |  |
Adjusted EBITDA (5) |  | $ | 227,199 |  |  |  |  | $ | 189,079 |  |  | $ | 737,263 |  |  |  |  | $ | 555,519 |  |

(1) | Total revenues by geography are determined based on the location of our end customer.
(2) | Americas consists of countries in North, Central and South America.
(3) | EMEA primarily consists of countries in Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
(4) | Asia Pacific primarily consists of the countries Japan, Australia, China, Korea, Philippines, Singapore and New Zealand.
(5) | See "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" (discussed later in the MD&A) for definitions and reconciliations of GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures.
(6) | We recorded a significant tax benefit in the first quarter of Fiscal 2017 of $876.1 million. This significant tax benefit is specifically tied to the Company's internal reorganization and applied to the first quarter of Fiscal 2017 only and as a result, has not and will not continue in future periods.

Revenues, Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin by Product Type
1) License:
License revenues consist of fees earned from the licensing of software products to customers. Our license revenues are impacted by the strength of general economic and industry conditions, the competitive strength of our software products, and our acquisitions. Cost of license revenues consists primarily of royalties payable to third parties.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017
License Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 37,984 |  |  | $ | (1,263 | ) |  | $ | 39,247 |  |  | $ | 139,539 |  |  | $ | 21,717 |  |  | $ | 117,822 |
EMEA |  | 29,971 |  |  | (8,344 | ) |  | 38,315 |  |  | 110,150 |  |  | 9,517 |  |  | 100,633 |
Asia Pacific |  | 16,158 |  |  | 6,493 |  |  | 9,665 |  |  | 47,899 |  |  | 20,707 |  |  | 27,192 |
Total License Revenues |  | 84,113 |  |  | (3,114 | ) |  | 87,227 |  |  | 297,588 |  |  | 51,941 |  |  | 245,647 |
Cost of License Revenues |  | 3,098 |  |  | (910 | ) |  | 4,008 |  |  | 10,645 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 10,244 |
GAAP-based License Gross Profit |  | $ | 81,015 |  |  | $ | (2,204 | ) |  | $ | 83,219 |  |  | $ | 286,943 |  |  | $ | 51,540 |  |  | $ | 235,403 |
GAAP-based License Gross Margin % |  | 96.3 | % |  |  |  | 95.4 | % |  | 96.4 | % |  |  |  | 95.8 | %
% License Revenues by Geography: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | 45.2 | % |  |  |  | 45.0 | % |  | 46.9 | % |  |  |  | 48.0 | %
EMEA |  | 35.6 | % |  |  |  | 43.9 | % |  | 37.0 | % |  |  |  | 41.0 | %
Asia Pacific |  | 19.2 | % |  |  |  | 11.1 | % |  | 16.1 | % |  |  |  | 11.0 | %

License revenues decreased by $3.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, inclusive of the positive impact of foreign exchange of approximately $4.2 million. Geographically, the overall decrease was attributable to a decrease in EMEA of $8.3 million and a decrease in Americas of $1.3 million, partially offset by an increase in Asia Pacific of $6.5 million. The number of license deals greater than $0.5 million that closed during the third quarter of Fiscal 2018 was 25 deals, of which 12 deals were greater than $1.0 million, compared to 18 deals in the third quarter of Fiscal 2017, of which 7 deals were greater than $1.0 million. Although we closed more deals during the current period, the average size of such deals was lower than those closed during the same period in the prior fiscal year.
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License revenues increased by $51.9 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, inclusive of the positive impact of foreign exchange of approximately $9.8 million. Geographically, the overall increase was attributable to an increase in Americas of $21.7 million, an increase in Asia Pacific of $20.7 million and an increase in EMEA of $9.5 million. During the current fiscal year, we have closed 88 license deals greater than $0.5 million, of which 35 deals were greater than $1.0 million. This is compared to 82 deals in the same period in Fiscal 2017, of which 31 deals were greater than $1.0 million. The increase in license deals have contributed to higher license revenues in the current fiscal year.
Cost of license revenues decreased by $0.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year due to a decrease in royalties payable to third parties. Overall, the gross margin percentage on license revenues remained stable at approximately 96%.
Cost of license revenues increased by $0.4 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year due to an increase in royalties payable to third parties. Overall, the gross margin percentage on license revenues remained stable at approximately 96%.
2) Cloud Services and Subscriptions:
Cloud services and subscription revenues consist of (i) software as a service offerings, (ii) managed service arrangements and (iii) subscription revenues relating to on premise offerings. These offerings allow our customers to make use of OpenText software, services and content over Internet enabled networks supported by OpenText data centers. These web applications allow customers to transmit a variety of content between various mediums and to securely manage enterprise information without the commitment of investing in related hardware infrastructure. Revenues are generated on several transactional usage-based models, are typically billed monthly in arrears, and can therefore fluctuate from period to period. Certain service fees are occasionally charged to customize hosted software for some customers and are either amortized over the estimated customer life, in the case of setup fees, or recognized in the period they are provided.
In addition, we offer business-to-business (B2B) integration solutions, such as messaging services, and managed services. Messaging services allow for the automated and reliable exchange of electronic transaction information, such as purchase orders, invoices, shipment notices and other business documents, among businesses worldwide. Managed services provide an end-to-end fully outsourced B2B integration solution to our customers, including program implementation, operational management, and customer support. These services enable customers to effectively manage the flow of electronic transaction information with their trading partners and reduce the complexity of disparate standards and communication protocols. Revenues are primarily generated through transaction processing. Transaction processing fees are recurring in nature and are recognized on a per transaction basis in the period in which the related transactions are processed. Revenues from contracts with monthly, quarterly or annual minimum transaction levels are recognized based on the greater of the actual transactions or the specified contract minimum amounts during the relevant period. Customers who are not committed to multi-year contracts generally are under contracts for transaction processing solutions that automatically renew every month or year, depending on the terms of the specific contracts.
Cost of Cloud services and subscriptions revenues is comprised primarily of third party network usage fees, maintenance of in-house data hardware centers, technical support personnel-related costs, amortization of customer set up and implementation costs, and some third party royalty costs.
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|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017
Cloud Services and Subscriptions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 142,246 |  |  | $ | 21,986 |  |  | $ | 120,260 |  |  | $ | 410,960 |  |  | $ | 56,352 |  |  | $ | 354,608 |
EMEA |  | 47,652 |  |  | 8,271 |  |  | 39,381 |  |  | 139,907 |  |  | 23,664 |  |  | 116,243 |
Asia Pacific |  | 19,204 |  |  | 1,736 |  |  | 17,468 |  |  | 60,209 |  |  | 9,203 |  |  | 51,006 |
Total Cloud Services and Subscriptions Revenues |  | 209,102 |  |  | 31,993 |  |  | 177,109 |  |  | 611,076 |  |  | 89,219 |  |  | 521,857 |
Cost of Cloud Services and Subscriptions Revenues |  | 94,264 |  |  | 17,039 |  |  | 77,225 |  |  | 269,012 |  |  | 48,345 |  |  | 220,667 |
GAAP-based Cloud Services and Subscriptions Gross Profit |  | $ | 114,838 |  |  | $ | 14,954 |  |  | $ | 99,884 |  |  | $ | 342,064 |  |  | $ | 40,874 |  |  | $ | 301,190 |
GAAP-based Cloud Services and Subscriptions Gross Margin % |  | 54.9 | % |  |  |  | 56.4 | % |  | 56.0 | % |  |  |  | 57.7 | %
% Cloud Services and Subscriptions Revenues by Geography: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | 68.0 | % |  |  |  | 67.9 | % |  | 67.3 | % |  |  |  | 68.0 | %
EMEA |  | 22.8 | % |  |  |  | 22.2 | % |  | 22.9 | % |  |  |  | 22.3 | %
Asia Pacific |  | 9.2 | % |  |  |  | 9.9 | % |  | 9.8 | % |  |  |  | 9.7 | %

Cloud services and subscriptions revenues increased by $32.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, inclusive of the positive impact of foreign exchange of approximately $5.1 million. Geographically, the overall change was attributable to an increase in Americas of $22.0 million, an increase in EMEA of $8.3 million and an increase in Asia Pacific of $1.7 million. The number of Cloud services deals greater than $1.0 million that closed during the third quarter of Fiscal 2018 was 10 deals, compared to 12 deals in the third quarter of Fiscal 2017.
Cloud services and subscriptions revenues increased by $89.2 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, inclusive of the positive impact of foreign exchange of approximately $5.0 million. Geographically, the overall change was attributable to an increase in Americas of $56.4 million, an increase in EMEA of $23.7 million and an increase in Asia Pacific of $9.2 million. The number of Cloud services deals greater than $1.0 million that closed during the first nine months of Fiscal 2018 was 31 deals, compared to 33 in the same period in Fiscal 2017.
Cost of Cloud services and subscriptions revenues increased by $17.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to (i) an increase in labour-related costs of approximately $15.0 million, driven partly on account of recent acquisitions, (ii) an increase in third party network usage fees of $1.6 million and (iii) an increase in other miscellaneous costs of $0.4 million. Overall, the gross margin percentage on Cloud services and subscriptions revenues decreased slightly to approximately 55% from approximately 56%.
Cost of Cloud services and subscriptions revenues increased by $48.3 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily due to (i) an increase in labour-related costs of approximately $46.5 million, predominantly on account of recent acquisitions, (ii) an increase in third party network usage fees of $1.6 million and (iii) an increase in other miscellaneous costs of $0.2 million. Overall, the gross margin percentage on Cloud services and subscriptions revenues decreased to approximately 56% from approximately 58%.
3) Customer Support:
Customer support revenues consist of revenues from our customer support and maintenance agreements. These agreements allow our customers to receive technical support, enhancements and upgrades to new versions of our software products when and if available. Customer support revenues are generated from support and maintenance relating to current year sales of software products and from the renewal of existing maintenance agreements for software licenses sold in prior periods. Therefore, changes in Customer support revenues do not always correlate directly to the changes in license revenues from period to period. The terms of support and maintenance agreements are typically twelve months, with customer renewal options. Our management reviews our Customer support renewal rates on a quarterly basis and we use these rates as a method of monitoring our customer service performance. For the quarter ended March 31, 2018, our Customer support renewal rate was approximately 91%, stable compared with the Customer support renewal rate during the quarter ended March 31, 2017.
Cost of Customer support revenues is comprised primarily of technical support personnel and related costs, as well as third party royalty costs.
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|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017
Customer Support Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 178,355 |  |  | $ | 24,853 |  |  | $ | 153,502 |  |  | $ | 527,961 |  |  | $ | 120,479 |  |  | $ | 407,482 |
EMEA |  | 109,584 |  |  | 20,579 |  |  | 89,005 |  |  | 312,949 |  |  | 83,660 |  |  | 229,289 |
Asia Pacific |  | 24,340 |  |  | 3,411 |  |  | 20,929 |  |  | 74,843 |  |  | 18,316 |  |  | 56,527 |
Total Customer Support Revenues |  | 312,279 |  |  | 48,843 |  |  | 263,436 |  |  | 915,753 |  |  | 222,455 |  |  | 693,298 |
Cost of Customer Support Revenues |  | 33,820 |  |  | (622 | ) |  | 34,442 |  |  | 99,805 |  |  | 12,276 |  |  | 87,529 |
GAAP-based Customer Support Gross Profit |  | $ | 278,459 |  |  | $ | 49,465 |  |  | $ | 228,994 |  |  | $ | 815,948 |  |  | $ | 210,179 |  |  | $ | 605,769 |
GAAP-based Customer Support Gross Margin % |  | 89.2 | % |  |  |  | 86.9 | % |  | 89.1 | % |  |  |  | 87.4 | %
% Customer Support Revenues by Geography: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | 57.1 | % |  |  |  | 58.3 | % |  | 57.7 | % |  |  |  | 58.8 | %
EMEA |  | 35.1 | % |  |  |  | 33.8 | % |  | 34.2 | % |  |  |  | 33.1 | %
Asia Pacific |  | 7.8 | % |  |  |  | 7.9 | % |  | 8.1 | % |  |  |  | 8.1 | %

Customer support revenues increased by $48.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, inclusive of the positive impact of foreign exchange of approximately $14.4 million. Geographically, the overall increase was attributable to an increase in Americas of $24.9 million, an increase in EMEA of $20.6 million and an increase in Asia Pacific of $3.4 million.
Customer support revenues increased by $222.5 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, inclusive of the positive impact of foreign exchange of approximately $24.4 million. Geographically, the overall increase was attributable to an increase in Americas of $120.5 million, an increase in EMEA of $83.7 million and an increase in Asia Pacific of $18.3 million.
Cost of Customer support revenues decreased by $0.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, due to a decrease in labour-related costs of approximately $0.5 million and a decrease in the installed base of third party products of approximately $0.2 million. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in other miscellaneous costs of $0.1 million. Overall, the gross margin percentage on Customer support revenues increased to approximately 89% from approximately 87%.
Cost of Customer support revenues increased by $12.3 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, due to (i) an increase in labour-related costs of approximately $10.7 million, which was predominantly due to recent acquisitions, (ii) an increase in the installed base of third party products of approximately $1.4 million, and (iii) an increase in other miscellaneous costs of $0.2 million. Overall, the gross margin percentage on Customer support revenues increased to approximately 89% from approximately 87%.
4) Professional Service and Other:
Professional service and other revenues consist of revenues from consulting contracts and contracts to provide implementation, training and integration services (professional services). Other revenues consist of hardware revenues. These revenues are grouped within the “Professional service and other” category because they are relatively immaterial to our service revenues. Professional services are typically performed after the purchase of new software licenses. Cost of professional service and other revenues consists primarily of the costs of providing integration, configuration and training with respect to our various software products. The most significant components of these costs are personnel-related expenses, travel costs and third party subcontracting.
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|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017
Professional Service and Other Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | $ | 36,868 |  |  | $ | 5,969 |  |  | $ | 30,899 |  |  | $ | 113,119 |  |  | $ | 35,923 |  |  | $ | 77,196 |
EMEA |  | 35,358 |  |  | 6,478 |  |  | 28,880 |  |  | 99,397 |  |  | 26,076 |  |  | 73,321 |
Asia Pacific |  | 8,159 |  |  | 2,580 |  |  | 5,579 |  |  | 24,038 |  |  | 7,854 |  |  | 16,184 |
Total Professional Service and Other Revenues |  | 80,385 |  |  | 15,027 |  |  | 65,358 |  |  | 236,554 |  |  | 69,853 |  |  | 166,701 |
Cost of Professional Service and Other Revenues |  | 64,246 |  |  | 8,717 |  |  | 55,529 |  |  | 188,690 |  |  | 51,523 |  |  | 137,167 |
GAAP-based Professional Service and Other Gross Profit |  | $ | 16,139 |  |  | $ | 6,310 |  |  | $ | 9,829 |  |  | $ | 47,864 |  |  | $ | 18,330 |  |  | $ | 29,534 |
GAAP-based Professional Service and Other Gross Margin % |  | 20.1 | % |  |  |  | 15.0 | % |  | 20.2 | % |  |  |  | 17.7 | %
% Professional Service and Other Revenues by Geography: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas |  | 45.9 | % |  |  |  | 47.3 | % |  | 47.8 | % |  |  |  | 46.3 | %
EMEA |  | 44.0 | % |  |  |  | 44.2 | % |  | 42.0 | % |  |  |  | 44.0 | %
Asia Pacific |  | 10.1 | % |  |  |  | 8.5 | % |  | 10.2 | % |  |  |  | 9.7 | %

Professional service and other revenues increased by $15.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, inclusive of the positive impact of foreign exchange of approximately $5.0 million. Geographically, the overall increase was attributable to an increase in EMEA of $6.5 million, an increase in Americas of $6.0 million and an increase in Asia Pacific of $2.6 million.
Professional service and other revenues increased by $69.9 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, inclusive of the positive impact of foreign exchange of approximately $8.9 million. Geographically, the overall increase was attributable to an increase in Americas of $35.9 million, an increase in EMEA of $26.1 million and an increase in Asia Pacific of $7.9 million.
Cost of Professional service and other revenues increased by $8.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily as a result of an increase in labour-related costs of approximately $8.1 million, which was partly due to recent acquisitions, and an increase in other miscellaneous costs of $0.6 million. Overall, the gross margin percentage on Professional service and other revenues increased to approximately 20% from approximately 15%. We are seeing improved margins in Professional service and other revenues as a result of our recent acquisitions, as they on-board to our operating model.
Cost of Professional service and other revenues increased by $51.5 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, primarily as a result of an increase in labour-related costs of approximately $48.3 million, which was predominantly due to recent acquisitions, and an increase in other miscellaneous costs of $3.2 million. Overall, the gross margin percentage on Professional service and other revenues increased to approximately 20% from approximately 18%.
Amortization of Acquired Technology-based Intangible Assets

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017
Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets |  | $ | 47,303 |  |  | $ | 8,018 |  |  | $ | 39,285 |  |  | $ | 138,391 |  |  | $ | 51,123 |  |  | $ | 87,268 |

Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets increased during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 by $8.0 million and $51.1 million, respectively, as compared to the same periods in the prior fiscal year. This was due to an increase in amortization of $9.9 million and $56.5 million, respectively, relating to newly acquired technology-based intangible assets from our acquisitions of Hightail, Guidance, Covisint, certain assets and liabilities of the enterprise content division of EMC Corporation (ECD Business), certain customer communication management software assets and liabilities from HP Inc. (CCM Business), and Recommind Inc. The increase in amortization was partially offset by a reduction of $1.9 million and $5.4 million, respectively, relating to intangible assets pertaining to certain previous acquisitions becoming fully amortized.
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Operating Expenses

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017
Research and development |  | $ | 83,522 |  |  | $ | 6,436 |  |  | $ | 77,086 |  |  | $ | 241,455 |  |  | $ | 41,076 |  |  | $ | 200,379 |
Sales and marketing |  | 129,987 |  |  | 12,489 |  |  | 117,498 |  |  | 381,951 |  |  | 66,654 |  |  | 315,297 |
General and administrative |  | 54,817 |  |  | 9,989 |  |  | 44,828 |  |  | 152,717 |  |  | 29,778 |  |  | 122,939 |
Depreciation |  | 23,093 |  |  | 6,536 |  |  | 16,557 |  |  | 64,042 |  |  | 16,914 |  |  | 47,128 |
Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets |  | 46,762 |  |  | 5,937 |  |  | 40,825 |  |  | 136,819 |  |  | 28,571 |  |  | 108,248 |
Special charges (recoveries) |  | 2,644 |  |  | (17,942 | ) |  | 20,586 |  |  | 21,390 |  |  | (22,767 | ) |  | 44,157 |
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 340,825 |  |  | $ | 23,445 |  |  | $ | 317,380 |  |  | $ | 998,374 |  |  | $ | 160,226 |  |  | $ | 838,148 |
% of Total Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  | 12.2 | % |  |  |  | 13.0 | % |  | 11.7 | % |  |  |  | 12.3 | %
Sales and marketing |  | 19.0 | % |  |  |  | 19.8 | % |  | 18.5 | % |  |  |  | 19.4 | %
General and administrative |  | 8.0 | % |  |  |  | 7.6 | % |  | 7.4 | % |  |  |  | 7.6 | %
Depreciation |  | 3.4 | % |  |  |  | 2.8 | % |  | 3.1 | % |  |  |  | 2.9 | %
Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets |  | 6.8 | % |  |  |  | 6.9 | % |  | 6.6 | % |  |  |  | 6.7 | %
Special charges (recoveries) |  | 0.4 | % |  |  |  | 3.5 | % |  | 1.0 | % |  |  |  | 2.7 | %

Research and development expenses consist primarily of payroll and payroll-related benefits expenses, contracted research and development expenses, and facility costs. Research and development assists with organic growth and improves product stability and functionality, and accordingly, we dedicate extensive efforts to update and upgrade our product offerings. The primary driver is typically budgeted software upgrades and software development.

|  | Quarter-over-Quarter Change between Fiscal |  | YTD-over-YTD Change between Fiscal
(In thousands) |  | 2018 and 2017 |  | 2018 and 2017
Payroll and payroll-related benefits |  | $ | 8,413 |  |  | $ | 33,249 |
Contract labour and consulting |  | (2,070 | ) |  | 363 |
Share-based compensation |  | (641 | ) |  | (1,166 | )
Travel and communication |  | (407 | ) |  | (267 | )
Facilities |  | 688 |  |  | 8,278 |
Other miscellaneous |  | 453 |  |  | 619 |
Total year-over-year change in research and development expenses |  | $ | 6,436 |  |  | $ | 41,076 |

Research and development expenses increased by $6.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This was primarily due to an increase in payroll and payroll-related benefits of $8.4 million, an increase in the use of facility and related resources of $0.7 million, which were partly the result of recent acquisitions. These were partially offset by a decrease in contract labour and consulting of $2.1 million and a decrease in share-based compensation expense of $0.6 million. Overall, our research and development expenses, as a percentage of total revenues, decreased to approximately 12% from approximately 13%.
Research and development expenses increased by $41.1 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This was primarily due to an increase in payroll and payroll-related benefits of $33.2 million, an increase in the use of facility and related resources of $8.3 million, which were predominantly the result of recent acquisitions, and an increase in contract labour and consulting of $0.4 million. These were partially offset by a decrease in share-based compensation expense of $1.2 million. Overall, our research and development expenses, as a percentage of total revenues, remained stable at approximately 12%.
Our research and development labour resources increased by 475 employees, from 2,790 employees at March 31, 2017 to 3,265 employees at March 31, 2018, primarily as a result of our recent acquisitions.
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Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses and costs associated with advertising, marketing and trade shows.

|  | Quarter-over-Quarter Change between Fiscal |  | YTD-over-YTD Change between Fiscal
(In thousands) |  | 2018 and 2017 |  | 2018 and 2017
Payroll and payroll-related benefits |  | $ | 11,688 |  |  | $ | 41,122 |
Commissions |  | (140 | ) |  | 12,691 |
Contract labour and consulting |  | (94 | ) |  | 645 |
Share-based compensation |  | (590 | ) |  | (556 | )
Travel and communication |  | (1,434 | ) |  | 1,513 |
Marketing expenses |  | (2,277 | ) |  | 104 |
Facilities |  | 2,087 |  |  | 6,741 |
Other miscellaneous |  | 3,249 |  |  | 4,394 |
Total year-over-year change in sales and marketing expenses |  | $ | 12,489 |  |  | $ | 66,654 |

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $12.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This was primarily due to an increase in payroll and payroll-related benefits of $11.7 million and an increase in facility and related resources of $2.1 million, both of which were partly the result of recent acquisitions. Overall, our sales and marketing expenses, as a percentage of total revenues, decreased to approximately 19% from approximately 20%.
Sales and marketing expenses increased by $66.7 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This was primarily due to an increase in payroll and payroll-related benefits of $41.1 million and an increase in facility and related resources of $6.7 million, both of which were predominantly the result of recent acquisitions. Additionally, commissions expense increased by $12.7 million in conjunction with higher revenues. The remainder of the change was primarily attributable to normal growth in our business operations. Overall, our sales and marketing expenses, as a percentage of total revenues, remained stable at approximately 19%.
Our sales and marketing labour resources increased by 84 employees, from 1,885 employees at March 31, 2017 to 1,969 employees at March 31, 2018, primarily as a result of our recent acquisitions.
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll and payroll related benefits expenses, related overhead, audit fees, other professional fees, consulting expenses and public company costs.

|  | Quarter-over-Quarter Change between Fiscal |  | YTD-over-YTD Change between Fiscal
(In thousands) |  | 2018 and 2017 |  | 2018 and 2017
Payroll and payroll-related benefits |  | $ | 6,035 |  |  | $ | 18,095 |
Contract labour and consulting |  | (556 | ) |  | (2,289 | )
Share-based compensation |  | (266 | ) |  | (944 | )
Travel and communication |  | (101 | ) |  | 969 |
Facilities |  | 85 |  |  | 1,934 |
Other miscellaneous |  | 4,792 |  |  | 12,013 |
Total year-over-year change in general and administrative expenses |  | $ | 9,989 |  |  | $ | 29,778 |

General and administrative expenses increased by $10.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This was primarily due to an increase in payroll and payroll-related benefits of $6.0 million, which was partly the result of recent acquisitions, and an increase in other miscellaneous expenses of $4.8 million, which includes professional fees such as legal, audit and tax related expenses. These increases were partially offset by a $0.6 million reduction in contract labour and consulting. The remainder of the change was attributable to normal growth in our business operations. Overall, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of total revenue remained stable at approximately 8%.
General and administrative expenses increased by $29.8 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. This was primarily due to an increase in payroll and payroll-related benefits of $18.1 million and an increase in facilities expense of $1.9 million, which was predominantly the result of recent acquisitions, and an increase in other miscellaneous expenses of $12.0 million, which includes professional fees such as legal, audit and tax related expenses. These were partially offset by a $2.3 million reduction in contract labour and consulting and a
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$0.9 million reduction in share-based compensation expense. The remainder of the change was attributable to normal growth in our business operations. Overall, general and administrative expenses, as a percentage of total revenue decreased slightly to 7% from approximately 8%.
Our general and administrative labour resources increased by 128 employees, from 1,384 employees at March 31, 2017 to 1,512 employees at March 31, 2018, primarily as a result of our recent acquisitions.
Depreciation expenses:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017
Depreciation |  | $ | 23,093 |  |  | $ | 6,536 |  |  | $ | 16,557 |  |  | 64,042 |  |  | 16,914 |  |  | 47,128 |

Depreciation expenses increased by $6.5 million and $16.9 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same periods in the prior fiscal year, in accordance with increased capital asset expenditures. Depreciation expense remained relatively stable as a percentage of total revenue, at approximately 3%.
Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017
Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets |  | $ | 46,762 |  |  | $ | 5,937 |  |  | $ | 40,825 |  |  | $ | 136,819 |  |  | $ | 28,571 |  |  | $ | 108,248 |

Acquired customer-based intangible assets amortization expense increased by $5.9 million and $28.6 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same periods in the prior fiscal year. This was primarily due to an increase in amortization of $6.8 million and $34.5 million, respectively, relating to newly acquired customer-based intangible assets from our acquisitions of Hightail, Guidance, Covisint, ECD Business, CCM Business, and Recommind. This increase in amortization was partially offset by a reduction of $0.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively, relating to certain customer-based intangible assets pertaining to previous acquisitions becoming fully amortized.
Special charges (recoveries):
Special charges typically relate to amounts that we expect to pay in connection with restructuring plans relating to employee workforce reduction and abandonment of excess facilities, acquisition-related costs and other similar one-time charges and recoveries. Generally, we implement such plans in the context of integrating existing OpenText operations with that of acquired entities. Actions related to such restructuring plans are typically completed within a period of one year. In certain limited situations, if the planned activity does not need to be implemented, or an expense lower than anticipated is paid out, we record a recovery of the originally recorded expense to Special charges.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017
Special charges (recoveries) |  | $ | 2,644 |  |  | $ | (17,942 | ) |  | $ | 20,586 |  |  | $ | 21,390 |  |  | $ | (22,767 | ) |  | $ | 44,157 |

Special charges decreased by $17.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The decrease was primarily due to (i) a $17.7 million reduction in restructuring activities, (ii) a reduction in acquisition related costs of $3.5 million, and (iii) a reduction in expense of $2.6 million relating to an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation project that was implemented in early July 2017. These decreases were partially offset by (i) an increase of $2.7 million relating to a recovery of commitment fees in Fiscal 2017 that did not reoccur in Fiscal 2018, (ii) an increase of $1.7 million relating to system implementation costs, (iii) an increase of $0.6 million relating to a lower net impact of reversals from certain pre-acquisition sales and use tax liabilities and interest being settled, or in certain instances, becoming statute barred, as compared to the prior fiscal year, and (iv) an increase of $0.5 million relating to post-acquisition integration costs necessary to streamline acquired companies into our operations. The remainder of the change is due to miscellaneous items.
Special charges decreased by $22.8 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The decrease was primarily due to (i) a reduction in acquisition related costs of $10.7 million, (ii) a
46

reduction in expense of $6.5 million relating to commitments fees incurred during Fiscal 2017 that did not reoccur in Fiscal 2018, (iii) a $5.8 million reduction in restructuring activities, (iv) a reduction in expense of $3.8 million relating to an ERP implementation project that was implemented in early July 2017, and (v) a reduction in expenses of $0.6 million relating to post-acquisition integration costs necessary to streamline acquired companies into our operations.These decreases were partially offset by (i) an increase of $1.7 million relating to system implementation costs, (ii) $0.7 million relating to a lower net impact of reversals from certain pre-acquisition sales and use tax liabilities and interest being settled, or in certain instances, becoming statute barred, as compared to the prior fiscal year. The remainder of the change is due to miscellaneous items.
For more details on Special charges (recoveries), see note 17 "Special Charges (Recoveries)" to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net relates to certain non-operational charges consisting primarily of transactional foreign exchange gains (losses). This income (expense) is dependent upon the change in foreign currency exchange rates vis-à-vis the functional currency of the legal entity. Other income (expense), net also includes our share of income or losses in non-marketable equity securities accounted for under the equity method.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017
Foreign exchange gains (losses) |  | $ | 9,980 |  |  | $ | 8,874 |  |  | $ | 1,106 |  |  | $ | 19,090 |  |  | $ | 20,856 |  |  | $ | (1,766 | )
OpenText share in net income (loss) of equity investees |  | (304 | ) |  | (467 | ) |  | 163 |  |  | (502 | ) |  | (6,663 | ) |  | 6,161 |
Income from long-term other receivable |  | 1,327 |  |  | 1,327 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,327 |  |  | 1,327 |  |  | — |
Gain on shares held in Guidance (1) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 841 |  |  | 841 |  |  | — |
Gain from contractual settlement (2) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | — |
Other miscellaneous income (expense) |  | 137 |  |  | (18 | ) |  | 155 |  |  | 1,155 |  |  | 985 |  |  | 170 |
Total other income (expense), net |  | $ | 11,140 |  |  | $ | 9,716 |  |  | $ | 1,424 |  |  | $ | 26,911 |  |  | $ | 22,346 |  |  | $ | 4,565 |

(1) Represents the release to income from other comprehensive income relating to the mark to market on shares we held in Guidance prior to our acquisition in the first quarter of Fiscal 2018.
(2) Represents a gain recognized in connection with the settlement of a certain breach of contractual arrangement in the second quarter of Fiscal 2018.
Interest and Other Related Expense, Net
Interest and other related expense, net is primarily comprised of interest paid and accrued on our debt facilities, offset by interest income earned on our cash and cash equivalents.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017
Interest and other related expense, net |  | $ | 34,534 |  |  | $ | 2,800 |  |  | $ | 31,734 |  |  | $ | 101,914 |  |  | $ | 15,162 |  |  | $ | 86,752 |

Interest and other related expense, net increased by $2.8 million and $15.2 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same periods in the prior fiscal year. This was primarily due to additional interest incurred relating to outstanding balances on the Revolver (as defined herein) of $1.4 million and $6.0 million, respectively. Also, for the nine months ended March 31, 2018, we incurred additional interest expense of $6.8 million relating to the reopening of Senior Notes 2026 (as defined herein), issued in December 2016.
For more details see note 10 "Long-Term Debt" to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Provision for (Recovery of) Income Taxes
We operate in several tax jurisdictions and are exposed to various foreign tax rates. We also note that we are subject to tax rate discrepancies between our domestic tax rate and foreign tax rates that are significant and these discrepancies are primarily related to earnings in the United States.
Please also see Part II, Item 1A "Risk Factors" elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
47

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | 2017
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes |  | $ | 20,129 |  |  | $ | 6,890 |  |  | $ | 13,239 |  |  | $ | 100,644 |  |  | $ | 916,008 |  |  | $ | (815,364 | )

In July 2016, we implemented a reorganization of our subsidiaries worldwide with the view to continuing to enhance operational and administrative efficiencies through further consolidated ownership, management, and development of our IP in Canada, continuing to reduce the number of entities in our group and working towards our objective of having a single operating legal entity in each jurisdiction. We believe our reorganization also reduces our exposure to global political and tax uncertainties, particularly in Europe. We believe that further consolidating our IP in Canada will continue to ensure appropriate legal protections for our consolidated IP, simplify legal, accounting and tax compliance, and improve our global cash management. A significant tax benefit of $876.1 million, associated primarily with the recognition of a net deferred tax asset arising from the entry of the IP into Canada, was recognized in the first quarter of Fiscal 2017. We believe it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be realized and therefore no valuation allowance was required. We continue to evaluate our taxable position quarterly and consider factors by taxing jurisdiction, including but not limited to factors such as estimated taxable income, any historical experience of losses for tax purposes and the future growth of OpenText. This significant tax benefit is specifically tied to the reorganization and applied to the first quarter of Fiscal 2017 only and as a result, has not and will not continue in future periods.
The effective tax rate decreased to a provision of 25.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2018, from a provision of 37.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Tax expense increased by $6.9 million, primarily due to (i) the impact of changes in US tax legislation in Fiscal 2018 resulting in a provisional expense of $4.7 million (see below), (ii) an increase of $8.2 million on account of the Company having higher income before taxes, including the impact of foreign tax rates, and (iii) an increase of $1.4 million relating to differences in tax filings from provisions, offset by (i) a decrease of $5.7 million resulting from the net impact of reversals and accruals of reserves, and (ii) a decrease of $1.2 million relating to a decrease in amortization of deferred charges. The remainder of the difference was due to normal course movements and non-material items.
The effective tax rate increased to a provision of 35.8% for the nine months ended March 31, 2018, compared to a recovery of 496.3% for the nine months ended March 31, 2017. The increase in tax expense of $916.0 million was primarily due to (i) a significant tax benefit of $876.1 million resulting from the Fiscal 2017 internal reorganization as described above which did not reoccur in Fiscal 2018, (ii) the impact of changes in US tax legislation in Fiscal 2018 resulting in a provisional charge of $20.0 million (see below), and (iii) an increase of $25.3 million on account of the Company having higher income before taxes, including the impact of foreign tax rates, offset by (i) a decrease of $0.5 million resulting from the net impact of reversals and accruals of reserves, (ii) a decrease of $1.2 million relating to differences in tax filings from provisions, and (iii) a decrease of $3.3 million relating to a decrease in amortization of deferred charges. The remainder of the difference was due to normal course movements and non-material items.
For information with regards to certain potential tax contingencies, see note 13 "Guarantees and Contingencies" to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted tax reform legislation through the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which significantly changed the existing US tax laws, including a reduction in the federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, and the transition of US international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial tax system. As a result of the enactment of the legislation, the Company incurred a provisional one-time tax expense of $4.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and $20.0 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2018, respectively, primarily related to the transition tax on accumulated foreign earnings and the re-measurement of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities. The portion of this anticipated increase to tax expense attributable to the transition tax is payable over a period of up to eight years. The impact of the $20.0 million adjustment resulting from the US legislation on the effective tax rate is an increase of 6.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and an increase of 7.1% for the nine months ended March 31, 2018.
The $20.0 million is a provisional amount in respect of rate change, Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT), and foreign earnings in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 “Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (SAB 118). The finalization of the provisional one-time amount is pending finalization of the re-assessment of the timing of reversals of certain deferred tax assets and liabilities and additional considerations related to undistributed foreign earnings and evaluating whether any portion of our existing AMT credit carryforwards are not expected to be refundable as a result of the repeal of corporate AMT. Additional information such as final Fiscal 2018 income and detailed earnings and profits calculations for foreign subsidiaries may result in changes to the provisional amount during the SAB 118 measurement period.
The Company continues to assess the impact of the new law on its consolidated financial statements and anticipates finalizing the determination on or before December 22, 2018 in accordance with SAB 118.
48

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to reporting financial results in accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company provides certain financial measures that are not in accordance with U.S. GAAP (Non-GAAP). These Non-GAAP financial measures have certain limitations in that they do not have a standardized meaning and thus the Company's definition may be different from similar Non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies and/or analysts and may differ from period to period. Thus it may be more difficult to compare the Company's financial performance to that of other companies. However, the Company's management compensates for these limitations by providing the relevant disclosure of the items excluded in the calculation of these Non-GAAP financial measures both in its reconciliation to the U.S. GAAP financial measures and its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, all of which should be considered when evaluating the Company's results.
The Company uses these Non-GAAP financial measures to supplement the information provided in its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which are presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The presentation of Non-GAAP financial measures are not meant to be a substitute for financial measures presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, but rather should be evaluated in conjunction with and as a supplement to such U.S. GAAP measures. OpenText strongly encourages investors to review its financial information in its entirety and not to rely on a single financial measure. The Company therefore believes that despite these limitations, it is appropriate to supplement the disclosure of the U.S. GAAP measures with certain Non-GAAP measures defined below.
Non-GAAP-based net income and Non-GAAP-based EPS, attributable to OpenText, are calculated as GAAP-based net income or earnings per share, attributable to OpenText, on a diluted basis, after giving effect to the amortization of acquired intangible assets, other income (expense), share-based compensation, and Special charges (recoveries), all net of tax and any tax benefits/expense items unrelated to current period income, as further described in the tables below. Non-GAAP-based gross profit is the arithmetical sum of GAAP-based gross profit and the amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets and share-based compensation within cost of sales. Non-GAAP-based gross margin is calculated as Non-GAAP-based gross profit expressed as a percentage of total revenue. Non-GAAP-based income from operations is calculated as GAAP-based income from operations, excluding the amortization of acquired intangible assets, Special charges (recoveries), and share-based compensation expense. Non-GAAP-based operating margin is calculated as Non-GAAP-based income from operations expressed as a percentage of total revenue.
Adjusted earnings (loss) before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (Adjusted EBITDA) is calculated as GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText excluding interest income (expense), provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization of acquired intangible assets, other income (expense), share-based compensation and Special charges (recoveries).
The Company's management believes that the presentation of the above defined Non-GAAP financial measures provides useful information to investors because they portray the financial results of the Company before the impact of certain non-operational charges. The use of the term “non-operational charge” is defined for this purpose as an expense that does not impact the ongoing operating decisions taken by the Company's management and is based upon the way the Company's management evaluates the performance of the Company's business for use in the Company's internal reports. In the course of such evaluation and for the purpose of making operating decisions, the Company's management excludes certain items from its analysis, including amortization of acquired intangible assets, Special charges (recoveries), share-based compensation, other income (expense), and the taxation impact of these items. These items are excluded based upon the manner in which management evaluates the business of the Company and are not excluded in the sense that they may be used under U.S. GAAP.
The Company believes the provision of supplemental Non-GAAP measures allow investors to evaluate the operational and financial performance of the Company's core business using the same evaluation measures that management uses, and is therefore a useful indication of OpenText's performance or expected performance of future operations and facilitates period-to-period comparison of operating performance (although prior performance is not necessarily indicative of future performance). As a result, the Company considers it appropriate and reasonable to provide, in addition to U.S. GAAP measures, supplementary Non-GAAP financial measures that exclude certain items from the presentation of its financial results.
The following charts provide unaudited reconciliations of U.S. GAAP-based financial measures to Non-GAAP-based financial measures for the following periods presented:
49

Reconciliation of selected GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures for the three months ended March 31, 2018
(in thousands except for per share data)

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
| GAAP-based Measures | GAAP-based Measures % of Total Revenue | Adjustments | Note | Non-GAAP-based Measures | Non-GAAP-based Measures % of Total Revenue
Cost of revenues |  |  |  |  |  |
Cloud services and subscriptions | $ | 94,264 |  |  | $ | (135 | ) | (1) | $ | 94,129 |  |
Customer support | 33,820 |  |  | (277 | ) | (1) | 33,543 |  |
Professional service and other | 64,246 |  |  | (122 | ) | (1) | 64,124 |  |
Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets | 47,303 |  |  | (47,303 | ) | (2) | — |  |
GAAP-based gross profit and gross margin (%) / Non-GAAP-based gross profit and gross margin (%) | 443,148 |  | 64.6% | 47,837 |  | (3) | 490,985 |  | 71.6%
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 83,522 |  |  | (993 | ) | (1) | 82,529 |  |
Sales and marketing | 129,987 |  |  | (1,496 | ) | (1) | 128,491 |  |
General and administrative | 54,817 |  |  | (2,057 | ) | (1) | 52,760 |  |
Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets | 46,762 |  |  | (46,762 | ) | (2) | — |  |
Special charges (recoveries) | 2,644 |  |  | (2,644 | ) | (4) | — |  |
GAAP-based income from operations and operating margin (%) / Non-GAAP-based income from operations and operating margin (%) | 102,323 |  | 14.9% | 101,789 |  | (5) | 204,112 |  | 29.8%
Other income (expense), net | 11,140 |  |  | (11,140 | ) | (6) | — |  |
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes | 20,129 |  |  | 3,612 |  | (7) | 23,741 |  |
GAAP-based net income / Non-GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | 58,794 |  |  | 87,037 |  | (8) | 145,831 |  |
GAAP-based earnings per share / Non-GAAP-based earnings per share-diluted, attributable to OpenText | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.32 |  | (8) | $ | 0.54 |  |

(1) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of share-based compensation expense from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as this expense is excluded from our internal analysis of operating results.
(2) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of amortization expense from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as the timing and frequency of amortization expense is dependent on our acquisitions and is hence excluded from our internal analysis of operating results.
(3) | GAAP-based and Non-GAAP-based gross profit stated in dollars and gross margin stated as a percentage of total revenue.
(4) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of Special charges (recoveries) from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as Special charges (recoveries) are generally incurred in the periods relevant to an acquisition and include one-time, non-recurring charges or recoveries that are not indicative or related to continuing operations, and are therefore excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. See note 17 "Special Charges (Recoveries)" to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more details.
(5) | GAAP-based and Non-GAAP-based income from operations stated in dollars and operating margin stated as a percentage of total revenue.
(6) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of Other income (expense) from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as Other income (expense) relates primarily to the transactional impact of foreign exchange and is generally not indicative or related to continuing operations and is therefore excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. Other income (expense) also includes our share of income (losses) from our holdings in non-marketable securities investments as a limited partner. We do not actively trade equity securities in these privately held companies nor do we plan our ongoing operations based around any anticipated fundings or distributions from these investments. We exclude gains and losses on these investments as we do not believe they are reflective of our ongoing business and operating results.
(7) | Adjustment relates to differences between the GAAP-based tax provision rate of approximately 26% and a Non-GAAP-based tax rate of approximately 14%; these rate differences are due to the income tax effects of expenses that are excluded for the purpose of calculating Non-GAAP-based adjusted net income. Such excluded expenses include amortization, share-based compensation, Special charges (recoveries) and other income (expense), net. Also excluded are tax benefits/expense items unrelated to current period income such as changes in reserves for tax uncertainties and valuation allowance reserves, and “book to return” adjustments for tax return filings and tax assessments. Included is the amount of net tax benefits arising from the internal reorganization (see note 14 "Income Taxes") assumed to be allocable to the current period based on the forecasted utilization period. In arriving at our Non-GAAP-based tax rate of approximately 14%, we analyzed the individual adjusted expenses and took into consideration the impact of statutory tax rates from local jurisdictions incurring the expense. We also took into consideration changes in US tax reform legislation that was enacted on December 22, 2017 through the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

50

(8) | Reconciliation of GAAP-based net income to Non-GAAP-based net income:

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
|  | Per share diluted
GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | $ | 58,794 |  | $ | 0.22 |
Add: |  |
Amortization | 94,065 |  | 0.35 |
Share-based compensation | 5,080 |  | 0.02 |
Special charges (recoveries) | 2,644 |  | 0.01 |
Other (income) expense, net | (11,140 | ) | (0.04 | )
GAAP-based provision for (recovery of) income taxes | 20,129 |  | 0.07 |
Non-GAAP-based provision for income taxes | (23,741 | ) | (0.09 | )
Non-GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | $ | 145,831 |  | $ | 0.54 |

Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | $ | 58,794 |
Add: |
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes | 20,129 |
Interest and other related expense, net | 34,534 |
Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets | 47,303 |
Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets | 46,762 |
Depreciation | 23,093 |
Share-based compensation | 5,080 |
Special charges (recoveries) | 2,644 |
Other (income) expense, net | (11,140 | )
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 227,199 |

51

Reconciliation of selected GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures for the three months ended March 31, 2017
(in thousands except for per share data)

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
| GAAP-based Measures | GAAP-based Measures % of Total Revenue | Adjustments | Note | Non-GAAP-based Measures | Non-GAAP-based Measures % of Total Revenue
Cost of revenues |  |  |  |  |  |
Cloud services and subscriptions | $ | 77,225 |  |  | $ | (268 | ) | (1) | $ | 76,957 |  |
Customer support | 34,442 |  |  | (261 | ) | (1) | 34,181 |  |
Professional service and other | 55,529 |  |  | (89 | ) | (1) | 55,440 |  |
Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets | 39,285 |  |  | (39,285 | ) | (2) | — |  |
GAAP-based gross profit and gross margin (%) / Non-GAAP-based gross profit and gross margin (%) | 382,641 |  | 64.5% | 39,903 |  | (3) | 422,544 |  | 71.2%
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 77,086 |  |  | (1,634 | ) | (1) | 75,452 |  |
Sales and marketing | 117,498 |  |  | (2,081 | ) | (1) | 115,417 |  |
General and administrative | 44,828 |  |  | (2,328 | ) | (1) | 42,500 |  |
Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets | 40,825 |  |  | (40,825 | ) | (2) | — |  |
Special charges (recoveries) | 20,586 |  |  | (20,586 | ) | (4) | — |  |
GAAP-based income from operations and operating margin (%) / Non-GAAP-based income from operations and operating margin (%) | 65,261 |  | 11.0% | 107,357 |  | (5) | 172,618 |  | 29.1%
Other income (expense), net | 1,424 |  |  | (1,424 | ) | (6) | — |  |
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes | 13,239 |  |  | 7,798 |  | (7) | 21,037 |  |
GAAP-based net income / Non-GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | 21,616 |  |  | 98,135 |  | (8) | 119,751 |  |
GAAP-based earnings per share / Non-GAAP-based earnings per share-diluted, attributable to OpenText | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  | (8) | $ | 0.45 |  |

(1) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of share-based compensation expense from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as this expense is excluded from our internal analysis of operating results.
(2) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of amortization expense from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as the timing and frequency of amortization expense is dependent on our acquisitions and is hence excluded from our internal analysis of operating results.
(3) | GAAP-based and Non-GAAP-based gross profit stated in dollars and gross margin stated as a percentage of total revenue.
(4) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of Special charges (recoveries) from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as Special charges (recoveries) are generally incurred in the periods relevant to an acquisition and include one-time, non-recurring charges or recoveries that are not indicative or related to continuing operations, and are therefore excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. See note 17 "Special Charges (Recoveries)" to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more details.
(5) | GAAP-based and Non-GAAP-based income from operations stated in dollars and operating margin stated as a percentage of total revenue.
(6) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of Other income (expense) from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as Other income (expense) relates primarily to the transactional impact of foreign exchange and is generally not indicative or related to continuing operations and is therefore excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. Other income (expense) also includes our share of income (losses) from our holdings in non-marketable securities investments as a limited partner. We do not actively trade equity securities in these privately held companies nor do we plan our ongoing operations based around any anticipated fundings or distributions from these investments. We exclude gains and losses on these investments as we do not believe they are reflective of our ongoing business and operating results.
(7) | Adjustment relates to differences between the GAAP-based tax provision rate of approximately 38% and a Non-GAAP-based tax rate of approximately 15%; these rate differences are due to the income tax effects of expenses that are excluded for the purpose of calculating Non-GAAP-based adjusted net income. Such excluded expenses include amortization, share-based compensation, Special charges (recoveries) and other income (expense), net. Also excluded are tax benefits/expense items unrelated to current period income such as changes in reserves for tax uncertainties and valuation allowance reserves, and “book to return” adjustments for tax return filings and tax assessments. Included is the amount of net tax benefits arising from the internal reorganization (see note 14 "Income Taxes") assumed to be allocable to the current period based on the forecasted utilization period. In arriving at our Non-GAAP-based tax rate of approximately 15%, we analyzed the individual adjusted expenses and took into consideration the impact of statutory tax rates from local jurisdictions incurring the expense.

52

(8) | Reconciliation of GAAP-based net income to Non-GAAP-based net income:

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
|  | Per share diluted
GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | $ | 21,616 |  | $ | 0.08 |
Add: |  |
Amortization | 80,110 |  | 0.30 |
Share-based compensation | 6,661 |  | 0.03 |
Special charges (recoveries) | 20,586 |  | 0.08 |
Other (income) expense, net | (1,424 | ) | (0.01 | )
GAAP-based provision for (recovery of) income taxes | 13,239 |  | 0.05 |
Non-GAAP-based provision for income taxes | (21,037 | ) | (0.08 | )
Non-GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | $ | 119,751 |  | $ | 0.45 |

Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | $ | 21,616 |
Add: |
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes | 13,239 |
Interest and other related expense, net | 31,734 |
Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets | 39,285 |
Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets | 40,825 |
Depreciation | 16,557 |
Share-based compensation | 6,661 |
Special charges (recoveries) | 20,586 |
Other (income) expense, net | (1,424 | )
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 189,079 |

53

Reconciliation of selected GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures for the nine months ended March 31, 2018
(in thousands except for per share data)

| Nine Months Ended March 31, 2018
| GAAP-based Measures | GAAP-based Measures % of Total Revenue | Adjustments | Note | Non-GAAP-based Measures | Non-GAAP-based Measures % of Total Revenue
Cost of revenues |  |  |  |  |  |
Cloud services and subscriptions | $ | 269,012 |  |  | $ | (1,119 | ) | (1) | $ | 267,893 |  |
Customer support | 99,805 |  |  | (933 | ) | (1) | 98,872 |  |
Professional service and other | 188,690 |  |  | (1,322 | ) | (1) | 187,368 |  |
Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets | 138,391 |  |  | (138,391 | ) | (2) | — |  |
GAAP-based gross profit and gross margin (%) / Non-GAAP-based gross profit and gross margin (%) | 1,354,428 |  | 65.7% | 141,765 |  | (3) | 1,496,193 |  | 72.6%
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 241,455 |  |  | (4,206 | ) | (1) | 237,249 |  |
Sales and marketing | 381,951 |  |  | (6,679 | ) | (1) | 375,272 |  |
General and administrative | 152,717 |  |  | (6,214 | ) | (1) | 146,503 |  |
Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets | 136,819 |  |  | (136,819 | ) | (2) | — |  |
Special charges (recoveries) | 21,390 |  |  | (21,390 | ) | (4) | — |  |
GAAP-based income from operations and operating margin (%) / Non-GAAP-based income from operations and operating margin (%) | 356,054 |  | 17.3% | 317,073 |  | (5) | 673,127 |  | 32.7%
Other income (expense), net | 26,911 |  |  | (26,911 | ) | (6) | — |  |
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes | 100,644 |  |  | (20,674 | ) | (7) | 79,970 |  |
GAAP-based net income / Non-GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | 180,501 |  |  | 310,836 |  | (8) | 491,337 |  |
GAAP-based earnings per share / Non-GAAP-based earnings per share-diluted, attributable to OpenText | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | 1.16 |  | (8) | $ | 1.84 |  |

(1) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of share-based compensation expense from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as this expense is excluded from our internal analysis of operating results.
(2) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of amortization expense from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as the timing and frequency of amortization expense is dependent on our acquisitions and is hence excluded from our internal analysis of operating results.
(3) | GAAP-based and Non-GAAP-based gross profit stated in dollars and gross margin stated as a percentage of total revenue.
(4) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of Special charges (recoveries) from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as Special charges (recoveries) are generally incurred in the periods relevant to an acquisition and include one-time, non-recurring charges or recoveries that are not indicative or related to continuing operations, and are therefore excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. See note 17 "Special Charges (Recoveries)" to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more details.
(5) | GAAP-based and Non-GAAP-based income from operations stated in dollars and operating margin stated as a percentage of total revenue.
(6) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of Other income (expense) from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as Other income (expense) relates primarily to the transactional impact of foreign exchange and is generally not indicative or related to continuing operations and is therefore excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. Other income (expense) also includes our share of income (losses) from our holdings in non-marketable securities investments as a limited partner. We do not actively trade equity securities in these privately held companies nor do we plan our ongoing operations based around any anticipated fundings or distributions from these investments. We exclude gains and losses on these investments as we do not believe they are reflective of our ongoing business and operating results.
(7) | Adjustment relates to differences between the GAAP-based tax provision rate of approximately 36% and a Non-GAAP-based tax rate of approximately 14%; these rate differences are due to the income tax effects of expenses that are excluded for the purpose of calculating Non-GAAP-based adjusted net income. Such excluded expenses include amortization, share-based compensation, Special charges (recoveries) and other income (expense), net. Also excluded are tax benefits/expense items unrelated to current period income such as changes in reserves for tax uncertainties and valuation allowance reserves, and “book to return” adjustments for tax return filings and tax assessments. Included is the amount of net tax benefits arising from the internal reorganization (see note 14 "Income Taxes") assumed to be allocable to the current period based on the forecasted utilization period. In arriving at our Non-GAAP-based tax rate of approximately 14%, we analyzed the individual adjusted expenses and took into consideration the impact of statutory tax rates from local jurisdictions incurring the expense. We also took into consideration changes in US tax reform legislation that was enacted on December 22, 2017 through the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

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(8) | Reconciliation of GAAP-based net income to Non-GAAP-based net income:

| Nine Months Ended March 31, 2018
|  | Per share diluted
GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | $ | 180,501 |  | $ | 0.68 |
Add: |  |
Amortization | 275,210 |  | 1.03 |
Share-based compensation | 20,473 |  | 0.08 |
Special charges (recoveries) | 21,390 |  | 0.08 |
Other (income) expense, net | (26,911 | ) | (0.10 | )
GAAP-based provision for (recovery of) income taxes | 100,644 |  | 0.37 |
Non-GAAP-based provision for income taxes | (79,970 | ) | (0.30 | )
Non-GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | $ | 491,337 |  | $ | 1.84 |

Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA

| Nine Months Ended March 31, 2018
GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | $ | 180,501 |
Add: |
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes | 100,644 |
Interest and other related expense, net | 101,914 |
Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets | 138,391 |
Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets | 136,819 |
Depreciation | 64,042 |
Share-based compensation | 20,473 |
Special charges (recoveries) | 21,390 |
Other (income) expense, net | (26,911 | )
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 737,263 |

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Reconciliation of selected GAAP-based measures to Non-GAAP-based measures for the nine months ended March 31, 2017
(in thousands except for per share data)

| Nine Months Ended March 31, 2017
| GAAP-based Measures | GAAP-based Measures % of Total Revenue | Adjustments | Note | Non-GAAP-based Measures | Non-GAAP-based Measures % of Total Revenue
Cost of revenues |  |  |  |  |  |
Cloud services and subscriptions | $ | 220,667 |  |  | $ | (839 | ) | (1) | $ | 219,828 |  |
Customer support | 87,529 |  |  | (766 | ) | (1) | 86,763 |  |
Professional service and other | 137,167 |  |  | (1,002 | ) | (1) | 136,165 |  |
Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets | 87,268 |  |  | (87,268 | ) | (2) | — |  |
GAAP-based gross profit and gross margin (%) / Non-GAAP-based gross profit and gross margin (%) | 1,084,628 |  | 66.6% | 89,875 |  | (3) | 1,174,503 |  | 72.2%
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 200,379 |  |  | (5,372 | ) | (1) | 195,007 |  |
Sales and marketing | 315,297 |  |  | (7,230 | ) | (1) | 308,067 |  |
General and administrative | 122,939 |  |  | (7,164 | ) | (1) | 115,775 |  |
Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets | 108,248 |  |  | (108,248 | ) | (2) | — |  |
Special charges (recoveries) | 44,157 |  |  | (44,157 | ) | (4) | — |  |
GAAP-based income from operations and operating margin (%) / Non-GAAP-based income from operations and operating margin (%) | 246,480 |  | 15.1% | 262,046 |  | (5) | 508,526 |  | 31.2%
Other income (expense), net | 4,565 |  |  | (4,565 | ) | (6) | — |  |
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes | (815,364 | ) |  | 878,495 |  | (7) | 63,131 |  |
GAAP-based net income / Non-GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | 979,522 |  |  | (621,014 | ) | (8) | 358,508 |  |
GAAP-based earnings per share / Non-GAAP-based earnings per share-diluted, attributable to OpenText | $ | 3.88 |  |  | $ | (2.46 | ) | (8) | $ | 1.42 |  |

(1) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of share-based compensation expense from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as this expense is excluded from our internal analysis of operating results.
(2) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of amortization expense from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as the timing and frequency of amortization expense is dependent on our acquisitions and is hence excluded from our internal analysis of operating results.
(3) | GAAP-based and Non-GAAP-based gross profit stated in dollars and gross margin stated as a percentage of total revenue.
(4) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of Special charges (recoveries) from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as Special charges (recoveries) are generally incurred in the periods relevant to an acquisition and include one-time, non-recurring charges or recoveries that are not indicative or related to continuing operations, and are therefore excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. See note 17 "Special Charges (Recoveries)" to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more details.
(5) | GAAP-based and Non-GAAP-based income from operations stated in dollars and operating margin stated as a percentage of total revenue.
(6) | Adjustment relates to the exclusion of Other income (expense) from our Non-GAAP-based operating expenses as Other income (expense) relates primarily to the transactional impact of foreign exchange and is generally not indicative or related to continuing operations and is therefore excluded from our internal analysis of operating results. Other income (expense) also includes our share of income (losses) from our holdings in non-marketable securities investments as a limited partner. We do not actively trade equity securities in these privately held companies nor do we plan our ongoing operations based around any anticipated fundings or distributions from these investments. We exclude gains and losses on these investments as we do not believe they are reflective of our ongoing business and operating results.
(7) | Adjustment relates to differences between the GAAP-based tax recovery rate of approximately 496% and a Non-GAAP-based tax rate of approximately 15%; these rate differences are due to the income tax effects of expenses that are excluded for the purpose of calculating Non-GAAP-based adjusted net income. Such excluded expenses include amortization, share-based compensation, Special charges (recoveries) and other income (expense), net. Also excluded are tax benefits/expense items unrelated to current period income such as changes in reserves for tax uncertainties and valuation allowance reserves and “book to return” adjustments for tax return filings and tax assessments. Included is the amount of net tax benefits arising from the internal reorganization (see note 14 "Income Taxes") assumed to be allocable to the current period based on the forecasted utilization period. In arriving at our Non-GAAP-based tax rate of approximately 15%, we analyzed the individual adjusted expenses and took into consideration the impact of statutory tax rates from local jurisdictions incurring the expense.

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(8) | Reconciliation of GAAP-based net income to Non-GAAP-based net income:

| Nine Months Ended March 31, 2017
|  | Per share diluted
GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | $ | 979,522 |  | $ | 3.88 |
Add: |  |
Amortization | 195,516 |  | 0.77 |
Share-based compensation | 22,373 |  | 0.09 |
Special charges (recoveries) | 44,157 |  | 0.17 |
Other (income) expense, net | (4,565 | ) | (0.02 | )
GAAP-based provision for (recovery of) income taxes | (815,364 | ) | (3.23 | )
Non-GAAP-based provision for income taxes | (63,131 | ) | (0.24 | )
Non-GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | $ | 358,508 |  | $ | 1.42 |

Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA

| Nine Months Ended March 31, 2017
GAAP-based net income, attributable to OpenText | $ | 979,522 |
Add: |
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes | (815,364 | )
Interest and other related expense, net | 86,752 |
Amortization of acquired technology-based intangible assets | 87,268 |
Amortization of acquired customer-based intangible assets | 108,248 |
Depreciation | 47,128 |
Share-based compensation | 22,373 |
Special charges (recoveries) | 44,157 |
Other (income) expense, net | (4,565 | )
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 555,519 |

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The following tables set forth changes in cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the periods indicated:

(In thousands) |  | As of March 31, 2018 |  | Change increase (decrease) |  | As of June 30, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 605,497 |  |  | $ | 162,140 |  |  | $ | 443,357 |

|  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2018 |  | Change |  | 2017
Cash provided by operating activities |  | $ | 504,426 |  |  | $ | 167,653 |  |  | $ | 336,773 |
Cash used in investing activities |  | $ | (415,237 | ) |  | $ | 1,743,282 |  |  | $ | (2,158,519 | )
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | $ | 55,248 |  |  | $ | (937,294 | ) |  | $ | 992,542 |

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of balances with banks as well as deposits with original maturities of 90 days or less.
We continue to anticipate that our cash and cash equivalents, as well as available credit facilities, will be sufficient to fund our anticipated cash requirements for working capital, contractual commitments, capital expenditures, dividends and operating needs for the next twelve months. Any further material or acquisition-related activities may require additional sources of financing and would be subject to the financial covenants established under our credit facilities. For more details, see "Long-term Debt and Credit Facilities" below.
As of March 31, 2018, we have provided $28.3 million (June 30, 2017—$22.1 million) in respect of both additional foreign taxes or deferred income tax liabilities for temporary differences related to the undistributed earnings of certain non-United States subsidiaries, and planned periodic repatriations from certain United States and German subsidiaries, that will be subject to withholding taxes upon distribution.
Cash flows provided by operating activities
Cash flows from operating activities increased by $167.7 million due to an increase in net income before the impact of non-cash items of $251.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in changes from working capital of $83.4 million. The decrease in operating cash flow from changes in working capital was primarily due to the net impact of the following decreases: (i) $108.8 million relating to a lower accounts payable and accrued liabilities balance, (ii) $18.6 million relating to a higher accounts receivable balance, which is primarily due to increased billings associated with more revenue recognized during the nine months of Fiscal 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, (iii) $23.7 million relating to income taxes payable and deferred charges and credits, and (iv) $4.3 million relating to prepaid and other current assets. These decreases were partially offset by increases of (i) $67.8 million relating to deferred revenues and (ii) $4.2 million relating to other assets.
During the third quarter of Fiscal 2018 our days sales outstanding (DSO) was 67 days, compared to a DSO of 54 days during the third quarter of Fiscal 2017. We continue to work towards bringing all acquisitions on-board and aligning their historical payment terms with those of our OpenText policies and procedures.
The per day impact of our DSO in the third quarters of Fiscal 2018 and Fiscal 2017 on our cash flows was $7.6 million and $6.7 million, respectively.
Cash flows used in investing activities
Our cash flows used in investing activities is primarily on account of acquisitions and additions of property and equipment.
Cash flows used in investing activities decreased by $1.7 billion, primarily due to a decrease of $1.8 billion in consideration paid for acquisitions during the nine months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year.
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Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities
Our cash flows from financing activities generally consist of long-term debt financing and amounts received from stock options exercised by our employees. These inflows are typically offset by scheduled and non-scheduled repayments of our long-term debt financing and, when applicable, the payment of dividends and/or the repurchases of our Common Shares.
Cash flows provided by financing activities decreased by $937.3 million. This was primarily due to (i) net proceeds from our public offering of Common Shares during the second quarter of Fiscal 2017 which resulted in a cash inflow of approximately $584.8 million and did not reoccur during Fiscal 2018, (ii) the issuance of an additional $250 million in aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes 2026 at an issue price of 102.75% during the second quarter of Fiscal 2017, which resulted in cash inflow of approximately $256.9 million and did not reoccur during Fiscal 2018, (iii) repayments on the revolver of $100.0 million, (iv) a lower net impact of proceeds from drawings on the Revolver of $25.0 million, and (v) an increase in dividend payments made to our shareholders of $19.0 million. These decreases were partially offset by (i) an increase of $39.4 million relating to cash collected from the issuance of Common Shares for the exercise of options and the OpenText Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP), and (ii) $6.2 million in debt issuance costs paid during Fiscal 2017, relating to our Senior Notes 2026, which did not reoccur during Fiscal 2018. The remainder of the change was due to miscellaneous items.
Cash Dividends
During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we declared and paid cash dividends of $0.1320 and $0.3960 per Common Share, respectively, that totaled $35.2 million and $105.0 million, respectively. Future declarations of dividends and the establishment of future record and payment dates are subject to the final determination and discretion of the Board. See Item 5 "Dividend Policy" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for Fiscal 2017 for more information.
Long-term Debt and Credit Facilities
Senior Unsecured Fixed Rate Notes
Senior Notes 2026
On May 31, 2016 we issued $600 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.875% Senior Notes due 2026 (Senior Notes 2026) in an unregistered offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act, and to certain persons in offshore transactions pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. Senior Notes 2026 bear interest at a rate of 5.875% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1, commencing on December 1, 2016. Senior Notes 2026 will mature on June 1, 2026, unless earlier redeemed, in accordance with their terms, or repurchased.
On December 20, 2016, we issued an additional $250 million in aggregate principal amount by reopening our Senior Notes 2026 at an issue price of 102.75%. The additional notes have identical terms, are fungible with and are a part of a single series with the previously issued $600 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes 2026. The outstanding aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes 2026, after taking into consideration the additional issuance, is $850 million.
We may redeem all or a portion of the Senior Notes 2026 at any time prior to June 1, 2021 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of Senior Notes 2026 plus an applicable premium, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. In addition, we may also redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes 2026, on one or more occasions, prior to June 1, 2019, using the net proceeds from certain qualified equity offerings at a redemption price of 105.875% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, subject to compliance with certain conditions. We may, on one or more occasions, redeem Senior Notes 2026, in whole or in part, at any time on and after June 1, 2021 at the applicable redemption prices set forth in the indenture governing the Senior Notes 2026, dated as of May 31, 2016, among the Company, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, The Bank of New York Mellon, as U.S. trustee, and BNY Trust Company of Canada, as Canadian trustee (the 2026 Indenture), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date.
If we experience one of the kinds of changes of control triggering events specified in the 2026 Indenture, we will be required to make an offer to repurchase Senior Notes 2026 at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of Senior Notes 2026, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase.
The 2026 Indenture contains covenants that limit our and certain of our subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things: (i) create certain liens and enter into sale and lease-back transactions; (ii) create, assume, incur or guarantee additional indebtedness of the Company or the guarantors without such subsidiary becoming a subsidiary guarantor of the notes; and (iii) consolidate, amalgamate or merge with, or convey, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of its property and assets substantially as an entirety to, another person. These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions as set forth in the 2026 Indenture. The 2026 Indenture also provides for events of default, which, if any of them occurs, may permit or, in
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certain circumstances, require the principal, premium, if any, interest and any other monetary obligations on all the then-outstanding notes to be due and payable immediately.
Senior Notes 2026 are initially guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by our existing and future wholly-owned subsidiaries that borrow or guarantee the obligations under our existing senior credit facilities. Senior Notes 2026 and the guarantees rank equally in right of payment with all of our and our guarantors’ existing and future senior unsubordinated debt and will rank senior in right of payment to all of the our and our guarantors’ future subordinated debt. Senior Notes 2026 and the guarantees will be effectively subordinated to all of our and our guarantors’ existing and future secured debt, including the obligations under the senior credit facilities, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such secured debt.
The foregoing description of the 2026 Indenture does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the 2026 Indenture, which is filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 31, 2016.
Senior Notes 2023
On January 15, 2015, we issued $800 million in aggregate principal amount of our 5.625% Senior Notes due 2023 (Senior Notes 2023) in an unregistered offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and to certain persons in offshore transactions pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act. Senior Notes 2023 bear interest at a rate of 5.625% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15, commencing on July 15, 2015. Senior Notes 2023 will mature on January 15, 2023, unless earlier redeemed in accordance with their terms, or repurchased.
We may, on one or more occasion, redeem Senior Notes 2023, in whole or in part, at any time on and after January 15, 2018 at the applicable redemption prices set forth in the indenture governing the Senior Notes 2023, dated as of January 15, 2015, among the Company, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, The Bank of New York Mellon (as successor to Citibank N.A.), as U.S. trustee, and BNY Trust Company of Canada (as successor to Citi Trust Company Canada), as Canadian trustee (the 2023 Indenture), plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date.
If we experience one of the kinds of changes of control triggering events specified in the 2023 Indenture, we will be required to make an offer to repurchase Senior Notes 2023 at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of Senior Notes 2023, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase.
The 2023 Indenture contains covenants that limit our and certain of our subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things: (i) create certain liens and enter into sale and lease-back transactions; (ii) create, assume, incur or guarantee additional indebtedness of the Company or the subsidiary guarantors without such subsidiary becoming a subsidiary guarantor of Senior Notes 2023; and (iii) consolidate, amalgamate or merge with, or convey, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of its property and assets substantially as an entirety to, another person. These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions as set forth in the 2023 Indenture. The 2023 Indenture also provides for events of default, which, if any of them occurs, may permit or, in certain circumstances, require the principal, premium, if any, interest and any other monetary obligations on all the then-outstanding notes to be due and payable immediately.
Senior Notes 2023 are initially guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by our existing and future wholly-owned subsidiaries that borrow or guarantee the obligations under our existing senior credit facilities. Senior Notes 2023 and the guarantees rank equally in right of payment with all of our and our subsidiary guarantors’ existing and future senior unsubordinated debt and will rank senior in right of payment to all of our and our subsidiary guarantors’ future subordinated debt. Senior Notes 2023 and the guarantees will be effectively subordinated to all of ours and our guarantors’ existing and future secured debt, including the obligations under the Revolver and Term Loan B (as defined herein), to the extent of the value of the assets securing such secured debt.
The foregoing description of the 2023 Indenture does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the 2023 Indenture, which is filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 15, 2015.
Term Loan B
On January 16, 2014, we entered into a credit facility, which provides for a $800 million term loan facility with certain lenders named therein, Barclays Bank PLC (Barclays), as sole administrative agent and collateral agent, and with Barclays and RBC Capital Markets as lead arrangers and joint bookrunners (Term Loan B) and borrowed the full amount on January 16, 2014. Repayments made under Term Loan B are equal to 0.25% of the principal amount in equal quarterly installments for the life of Term Loan B, with the remainder due at maturity.
Borrowings under Term Loan B are secured by a first charge over substantially all of our assets on a pari passu basis with the Revolver. Term Loan B has a seven year term.
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Borrowings under Term Loan B bear interest at a rate per annum equal to an applicable margin plus, at the borrower’s option, either (1) the eurodollar rate for the interest period relevant to such borrowing or (2) an ABR rate. The applicable margin for borrowings under Term Loan B is 2.00%, with respect to LIBOR advances and 1.00%, with respect to ABR advances. The interest on the current outstanding balance for Term Loan B is equal to 2.0% plus LIBOR. As of March 31, 2018, the outstanding balance on the Term Loan B bears an interest rate of approximately 3.65%.
Term Loan B has incremental facility capacity of (i) $250 million plus (ii) additional amounts, subject to meeting a “consolidated senior secured net leverage” ratio not exceeding 2.75:1.00, in each case subject to certain conditions. Consolidated senior secured net leverage ratio is defined for this purpose as the proportion of our total debt reduced by unrestricted cash, including guarantees and letters of credit, that is secured by our or any of our subsidiaries’ assets, over our trailing twelve months net income before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, restructuring, share-based compensation and other miscellaneous charges.
Under Term Loan B, we must maintain a “consolidated net leverage” ratio of no more than 4:1 at the end of each financial quarter. Consolidated net leverage ratio is defined for this purpose as the proportion of our total debt reduced by unrestricted cash, including guarantees and letters of credit, over our trailing twelve months net income before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, restructuring, share-based compensation and other miscellaneous charges. As of March 31, 2018, our consolidated net leverage ratio was 2.0:1.
Revolver
We currently have a $450 million committed revolving credit facility (the Revolver) which matures on May 5, 2022. Borrowings under the Revolver are secured by a first charge over substantially all of our assets, and on a pari passu basis with Term Loan B. The Revolver has no fixed repayment date prior to the end of the term. Borrowings under the Revolver bear interest per annum at a floating rate of LIBOR plus a fixed margin dependent on our consolidated net leverage ratio ranging from 1.25% to 1.75%. As of March 31, 2018, the outstanding balance on the Revolver bears a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.55%.
During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we drew down nil and $200 million, respectively, from the Revolver to finance acquisitions (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—$225 million, respectively).
During the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we repaid $100 million, respectively. (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—nil, respectively).
As of March 31, 2018 we have an outstanding balance on the Revolver of $275 million (June 30, 2017—$175 million). We expect to repay the remaining balance within the next 12 months.
For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded interest expense of $2.7 million and $7.3 million, respectively, relating to amounts drawn on the Revolver (three and nine months ended March 31, 2017—$1.3 million, respectively).
From time to time we consider opportunities to re-balance and optimize our borrowings and capacity under our Term Loan B and Revolver, as market conditions permit.
For further details relating to our debt, please see note 10 "Long-Term Debt" to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Shelf Registration Statement
On August 30, 2017, we filed a universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, which became effective automatically (the Shelf Registration Statement). The Shelf Registration Statement allows for primary and secondary offerings from time to time of equity, debt and other securities, including Common Shares, Preference Shares, debt securities, depositary shares, warrants, purchase contracts, units and subscription receipts. A base shelf short-form prospectus qualifying the distribution of such securities was concurrently filed with Canadian securities regulators on August 30, 2017. The type of securities and the specific terms thereof will be determined at the time of any offering and will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement to be filed separately with the SEC and Canadian securities regulators.
Pensions
As of March 31, 2018, our total unfunded pension plan obligations were $65.0 million, of which $2.0 million is payable within the next twelve months. We expect to be able to make the long-term and short-term payments related to these obligations in the normal course of operations.
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Our anticipated payments under our most significant plans for the fiscal years indicated below are as follows:

| Fiscal years ending June 30,
| CDT |  | GXS GER |  | GXS PHP
2018 (three months ended June 30) | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | 253 |  |  | $ | 25 |
2019 | 706 |  |  | 1,042 |  |  | 115 |
2020 | 760 |  |  | 1,050 |  |  | 154 |
2021 | 858 |  |  | 1,095 |  |  | 194 |
2022 | 945 |  |  | 1,106 |  |  | 297 |
2023 to 2027 | 5,912 |  |  | 5,895 |  |  | 2,056 |
Total | $ | 9,340 |  |  | $ | 10,441 |  |  | $ | 2,841 |

For a detailed discussion on pensions, see note 11 "Pension Plans and Other Post Retirement Benefits" to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Commitments and Contractual Obligations
As of March 31, 2018, we have entered into the following contractual obligations with minimum payments for the indicated fiscal periods as follows:

| Payments due between
| Total |  | April 1, 2018— June 30, 2018 |  | July 1, 2018— June 30, 2020 |  | July 1, 2020— June 30, 2022 |  | July 1, 2022 and beyond
Long-term debt obligations (1) | $ | 3,424,525 |  |  | $ | 186,654 |  |  | $ | 389,329 |  |  | $ | 953,792 |  |  | $ | 1,894,750 |
Operating lease obligations (2) | 397,539 |  |  | 20,530 |  |  | 140,044 |  |  | 105,496 |  |  | 131,469 |
Purchase obligations | 17,867 |  |  | 2,622 |  |  | 14,439 |  |  | 806 |  |  | — |
| $ | 3,839,931 |  |  | $ | 209,806 |  |  | $ | 543,812 |  |  | $ | 1,060,094 |  |  | $ | 2,026,219 |

(1) Includes interest up to maturity and principal payments. We currently have borrowings outstanding under the Revolver ($275 million as of March 31, 2018), which we expect to repay within the next 12 months. Please see note 10 "Long-Term Debt" to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more details.
(2) Net of $8.6 million of sublease income to be received from properties which we have subleased to third parties.
Guarantees and Indemnifications
We have entered into customer agreements which may include provisions to indemnify our customers against third party claims that our software products or services infringe certain third party intellectual property rights and for liabilities related to a breach of our confidentiality obligations. We have not made any material payments in relation to such indemnification provisions and have not accrued any liabilities related to these indemnification provisions in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Occasionally, we enter into financial guarantees with third parties in the ordinary course of our business, including, among others, guarantees relating to taxes and letters of credit on behalf of parties with whom we conduct business. Such agreements have not had a material effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Litigation
We are currently involved in various claims and legal proceedings.
Quarterly, we review the status of each significant legal matter and evaluate such matters to determine how they should be treated for accounting and disclosure purposes in accordance with the requirements of ASC Topic 450-20 "Loss Contingencies" (Topic 450-20). Specifically, this evaluation process includes the centralized tracking and itemization of the status of all our disputes and litigation items, discussing the nature of any litigation and claim, including any dispute or claim that is reasonably likely to result in litigation, with relevant internal and external counsel, and assessing the progress of each matter in light of its merits and our experience with similar proceedings under similar circumstances.
If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we accrue a liability for the estimated loss in accordance with Topic 450-20. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the aggregate of such estimated losses was not material to our consolidated financial position or result of
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operations and we do not believe as of the date of this filing that it is reasonably possible that a loss exceeding the amounts already recognized will be incurred that would be material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
Contingencies
IRS Matter
As we have previously disclosed, the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is examining certain of our tax returns for our fiscal year ended June 30, 2010 (Fiscal 2010) through our fiscal year ended June 30, 2012 (Fiscal 2012), and in connection with those examinations is reviewing our internal reorganization in Fiscal 2010 to consolidate certain intellectual property ownership in Luxembourg and Canada and our integration of certain acquisitions into the resulting structure. We also previously disclosed that the examinations may lead to proposed adjustments to our taxes that may be material, individually or in the aggregate, and that we have not recorded any material accruals for any such potential adjustments in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
As part of these examinations, which remain ongoing, on July 17, 2015 we received from the IRS an initial Notice of Proposed Adjustment (NOPA) in draft form proposing a one-time approximately $280 million increase to our U.S. federal taxes arising from the reorganization in Fiscal 2010 and proposing penalties equal to 20% of the additional taxes, plus interest at the applicable statutory rate (which will continue to accrue until the matter is resolved and may be substantial). A NOPA is an IRS position and does not impose an obligation to pay tax. The draft NOPA may be changed before the final NOPA is issued, including because the IRS reserved the right in the draft NOPA to increase the adjustment. Based on discussions with the IRS, we expect we will receive an additional NOPA proposing an approximately $80 million increase to our U.S. federal taxes for Fiscal 2012 arising from the integration of Global 360 Holding Corp. into the structure that resulted from the reorganization, accompanied by proposed penalties and interest (although there can be no assurance that this will be the amount reflected in the NOPA when received, including because the IRS may assign a higher value to our intellectual property). Depending upon the outcome of these matters, additional state income taxes plus penalties and interest may be due. We currently estimate that, as of March 31, 2018, adjustments under the draft NOPA in its present form and the anticipated additional NOPA could result in an aggregate liability of approximately $605 million, inclusive of U.S. federal and state taxes, penalties and interest. The increase from the initially disclosed estimated aggregate liability is solely due to an estimate of interest that has accrued.
We strongly disagree with the IRS’ position and intend to vigorously contest the proposed adjustments to our taxable income. We are examining various alternatives available to taxpayers to contest the proposed adjustments. Any such alternatives could involve a lengthy process and result in the incurrence of significant expenses. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we have not recorded any material accruals in respect of these examinations in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. An adverse outcome of these tax examinations could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
CRA Matter
As part of its ongoing audit of our Canadian tax returns, the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) has disputed our transfer pricing methodology used for certain intercompany transactions with our international subsidiaries. The CRA has issued a notice of reassessment for Fiscal 2012 that would, as drafted, increase our taxable income for that year by approximately $90 million (offset by the tax attributes referred to below) and apply a penalty of approximately 10%. We strongly disagree with the CRA position and believe the reassessment of Fiscal 2012 (including penalties) is without merit. We will continue to vigorously contest both the proposed adjustments to our taxable income and the penalty assessment. We have filed a notice of objection and will also seek competent authority consideration under applicable international treaties in respect of this reassessment. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we have not recorded any accruals in respect of this reassessment in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Even if we are unsuccessful in challenging the CRA’s reassessment to increase our taxable income for Fiscal 2012, we have elective deductions available in Fiscal 2012 that would offset such increased amount so that no additional cash tax would be payable for Fiscal 2012, exclusive of any proposed penalties. Audits by the CRA of our tax returns for fiscal years prior to Fiscal 2012 have been completed with no reassessment of our income tax liability in respect of our international transactions, including the transfer pricing methodology applied to them. The CRA is currently auditing Fiscal 2013, Fiscal 2014 and Fiscal 2015, and has proposed to reassess Fiscal 2013 in a manner consistent with the reassessment of Fiscal 2012. We are in ongoing discussions with the CRA and continue to vigorously contest the CRA's audit position.
GXS Brazil Matter
As part of our acquisition of GXS, we inherited a tax dispute in Brazil between the Company’s subsidiary, GXS Tecnologia da Informação (Brasil) Ltda. (GXS Brazil), and the municipality of São Paulo, in connection with GXS Brazil’s
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judicial appeal of a tax claim. During the first quarter of Fiscal 2018 the courts ruled in favour of the municipality of São Paulo. The Company decided not to pursue further appeal. On October 1, 2017, the Company reached a settlement with the municipality and paid $1.4 million.
Historically, prior to our acquisition of GXS, GXS would charge certain costs to its subsidiaries, including GXS Brazil, primarily based on historical transfer pricing studies that were intended to reflect the costs incurred by subsidiaries in relation to services provided by the parent company to the subject subsidiary. GXS recorded taxes on amounts billed, that were considered to be due based on the intercompany charges. GXS subsequently re-evaluated its intercompany charges to GXS Brazil and related taxes and, upon taking into consideration the current environment and judicial proceedings in Brazil, concluded that it was probable that certain indirect taxes would be assessable and payable based upon the accrual of such intercompany charges and has approximately $1.8 million accrued for the probable amount of a settlement related to the indirect taxes, interest and penalties.
GXS India Matter
Our Indian subsidiary, GXS India Technology Centre Private Limited (GXS India), is subject to potential assessments by Indian tax authorities in the city of Bangalore. GXS India has received assessment orders from the Indian tax authorities alleging that the transfer price applied to intercompany transactions was not appropriate. Based on advice from our tax advisors, we believe that the facts that the Indian tax authorities are using to support their assessment are incorrect. We have filed appeals and anticipate an eventual settlement with the Indian tax authorities. We have accrued $1.4 million to cover our anticipated financial exposure in this matter.
Please also see Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for Fiscal 2017.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not enter into off-balance sheet financing as a matter of practice, except for guarantees relating to taxes and letters of credit on behalf of parties with whom we conduct business, and the use of operating leases for office space, computer equipment, and vehicles. None of the operating leases described in the previous sentence has, and we currently do not believe that they potentially may have, a material effect on our financial condition, revenues, expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, neither the lease liability nor the underlying asset is carried on the balance sheet, as the terms of the leases do not meet the criteria for capitalization.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are primarily exposed to market risks associated with fluctuations in interest rates on our term loans, revolving loans and foreign currency exchange rates.
Interest rate risk
Our exposure to interest rate fluctuations relate primarily to our Term Loan B and the Revolver.
As of March 31, 2018, we had an outstanding balance of $766.3 million on Term Loan B. Term Loan B bears a floating interest rate of 2.0% plus LIBOR. As of March 31, 2018, an adverse change of one percent on the interest rate would have the effect of increasing our annual interest payment on Term Loan B by approximately $7.7 million, assuming that the loan balance as of March 31, 2018 is outstanding for the entire period (June 30, 2017—$7.7 million).
As of March 31, 2018, we had an outstanding balance of $275 million on the Revolver. Borrowings under the Revolver bear interest per annum at a floating rate of LIBOR plus a fixed rate that is dependent on our consolidated net leverage ratio ranging from 1.25% to 1.75%. As of March 31, 2018, an adverse change of one percent on the interest rate would have the effect of increasing our annual interest payment on the Revolver by approximately $2.8 million, assuming that the loan balance is outstanding for the entire year (June 30, 2017—$1.8 million).
Foreign currency risk
Foreign currency transaction risk
We transact business in various foreign currencies. Our foreign currency exposures typically arise from intercompany fees, intercompany loans and other intercompany transactions that are expected to be cash settled in the near term. We expect that we will continue to realize gains or losses with respect to our foreign currency exposures. Our ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to foreign currency exposures will generally depend on the size and type of cross-currency transactions that we enter into, the currency exchange rates associated with these exposures and changes in those rates. Additionally, we have hedged certain of our Canadian dollar foreign currency exposures relating to our payroll expenses in Canada.
Based on the foreign exchange forward contracts outstanding as of March 31, 2018, a one cent change in the Canadian dollar to U.S. dollar exchange rate would have caused a change of approximately $0.5 million in the mark to market on our existing foreign exchange forward contracts (June 30, 2017—$0.4 million).
Foreign currency translation risk
Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Fluctuations in foreign currencies impact the amount of total assets and liabilities that we report for our foreign subsidiaries upon the translation of these amounts into U.S. dollars. In particular, the amount of cash and cash equivalents that we report in U.S. dollars for a significant portion of the cash held by these subsidiaries is subject to translation variance caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates as of the end of each respective reporting period (the offset to which is recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets).
The following table shows our cash and cash equivalents denominated in certain major foreign currencies as of March 31, 2018 (equivalent in U.S. dollar):

(In thousands) |  | U.S. Dollar Equivalent at March 31, 2018 |  | U.S. Dollar Equivalent at June 30, 2017
Euro |  | $ | 132,898 |  |  | $ | 121,621 |
British Pound |  | 41,055 |  |  | 30,425 |
Canadian Dollar |  | 15,671 |  |  | 29,131 |
Swiss Franc |  | 23,540 |  |  | 41,925 |
Other foreign currencies |  | 110,394 |  |  | 87,144 |
Total cash and cash equivalents denominated in foreign currencies |  | 323,558 |  |  | 310,246 |
U.S. dollar |  | 281,939 |  |  | 133,111 |
Total cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 605,497 |  |  | $ | 443,357 |

If overall foreign currency exchange rates in comparison to the U.S. dollar uniformly weakened by 10%, the amount of cash and cash equivalents we would report in equivalent U.S. dollars would decrease by approximately $32.4 million (June 30,
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2017—$31.0 million), assuming we have not entered into any derivatives discussed above under "Foreign Currency Transaction Risk".
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
(A) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of March 31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act were recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file under the Exchange Act (according to Rule 13(a)-15(e)) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(B) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting (ICFR)
Based on the evaluation completed by our management, in which our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer participated, our management has concluded that there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - Other Information
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The following risk factors update, and are in addition to, the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended June 30, 2017, and should be read in conjunction therewith. These are not the only risks and uncertainties facing us. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also impair our operating results, financial condition and liquidity. Our business is also subject to general risks and uncertainties that affect many other companies.
Our provision for income taxes and effective income tax rate may vary significantly and may adversely affect our results of operations and cash resources
Significant judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes. Various internal and external factors may have favorable or unfavorable effects on our future provision for income taxes, income taxes receivable, and our effective income tax rate. These factors include, but are not limited to, changes in tax laws, regulations and/or rates, including the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act which was enacted in the United States on December 22, 2017, results of audits by tax authorities, changing interpretations of existing tax laws or regulations, changes in estimates of prior years' items, the impact of transactions we complete, future levels of research and development spending, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, transfer pricing adjustments, changes in the overall mix of income among the different jurisdictions in which we operate, and changes in overall levels of income before taxes. Changes in the tax laws of various jurisdictions in which we do business could result from the base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) project being undertaken by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The OECD, a coalition of member countries, has been developing recommendations for international tax rules to address different types of BEPS, including situations in which profits are shifted (or payments are made) from higher tax jurisdictions to lower tax jurisdictions. Adoption of these recommendations (or other changes in law or policy) by the countries in which we do business could adversely affect our provision for income taxes and our effective tax rate. Furthermore, new accounting pronouncements or new interpretations of existing accounting pronouncements (such as those that may be described in note 2 “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in our notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q), and/or any internal restructuring initiatives we may implement from time to time to streamline our operations, can have a material impact on our effective income tax rate. In July 2016, we implemented a reorganization of our subsidiaries worldwide with the view to continuing to enhance operational and administrative efficiencies through further consolidated ownership, management, and development of our intellectual property (IP) in Canada, continuing to reduce the number of entities in our group and working towards our objective of having a single operational legal entity in each jurisdiction.
Tax examinations are often complex as tax authorities may disagree with the treatment of items reported by us and our
transfer pricing methodology based upon our limited risk distributor model, the result of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, the ultimate outcome with respect to the taxes we owe may differ from the amounts recorded in our financial statements, and this difference may materially affect our financial position and financial results in the period or periods for which such determination is made.
For more details of tax audits to which we are subject and the impact of the recently enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in the United States, see notes 13 "Guarantees and Contingencies" and 14 "Income Taxes", respectively, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Certain of our products may be perceived as, or determined by the courts to be, a violation of privacy rights and related laws. Any such perception or determination could adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.
Because of the nature of certain of our products, including those relating to digital investigations, potential customers and purchasers of our products or the public in general may perceive that use of these products may result in violations of their individual privacy rights. In addition, certain courts or regulatory authorities could determine that the use of our software solutions or other products is a violation of privacy laws, particularly in jurisdictions outside of the United States. Any such determination or perception by potential customers, the general public, government entities or the judicial system could harm our reputation and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Item 6. Exhibits and Financial Statements Schedules
The following documents are filed as a part of this report:

Exhibit Number |  | Description of Exhibit
31.1 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS |  | XBRL instance document.
101.SCH |  | XBRL taxonomy extension schema.
101.CAL |  | XBRL taxonomy extension calculation linkbase.
101.DEF |  | XBRL taxonomy extension definition linkbase.
101.LAB |  | XBRL taxonomy extension label linkbase.
101.PRE |  | XBRL taxonomy extension presentation.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
OPEN TEXT CORPORATION
Date: May 9, 2018

By: | /s/ MARK J. BARRENECHEA
| Mark J. Barrenechea Vice Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Technology Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
| /s/ MADHU RANGANATHAN
| Madhu Ranganathan Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
| /s/ ADITYA MAHESHWARI
| Aditya Maheshwari Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

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