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Share Capital, Option Plans and Share-Based Payments
12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
SHARE CAPITAL, OPTION PLANS AND SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS SHARE CAPITAL, OPTION PLANS AND SHARE-BASED PAYMENTS
Cash Dividends
For the year ended June 30, 2019, pursuant to the Company’s dividend policy, we declared total non-cumulative dividends of $0.6300 per Common Share in the aggregate amount of $168.9 million, which we paid during the same period.
For the year ended June 30, 2018, pursuant to the Company’s dividend policy, we paid total non-cumulative dividends of $0.5478 per Common Share in the aggregate amount of $145.6 million.
For the year ended June 30, 2017, pursuant to the Company’s dividend policy, we paid total non-cumulative dividends of $0.4770 per Common Share in the aggregate amount of $120.6 million.
Share Capital
Our authorized share capital includes an unlimited number of Common Shares and an unlimited number of Preference Shares. No Preference Shares have been issued.
Treasury Stock
Repurchase
From time to time we may provide funds to an independent agent to facilitate repurchases of our Common Shares in connection with the settlement of awards under the Long-Term Incentive Plans (LTIP) or other plans.
During the year ended June 30, 2019, we repurchased 726,059 of our Common Shares in the open market, at a cost of approximately $26.5 million for potential reissuance under our LTIP or other plans (year ended June 30, 2018 and 2017—nil and 244,240, respectively, at a cost of nil and $8.2 million, respectively). See below for more details on our various plans.
Reissuance
During the year ended June 30, 2019, we reissued and 613,524 Common Shares from treasury stock (year ended June 30, 2018 and 2017—411,276 and 409,922 Common Shares, respectively), in connection with the settlement of awards.
Option Plans
A summary of stock options outstanding under our 2004 stock option plan is set forth below. All numbers shown in the chart below have been adjusted, where applicable, to account for the two-for-one stock splits that occurred on October 22, 2003, February 18, 2014 and January 24, 2017.
 
2004 Stock Option Plan
Date of inception
Oct-04
Eligibility
Eligible employees, as determined by the Board of Directors
Options granted to date
32,398,418
Options exercised to date
(17,663,048)
Options cancelled to date
(7,632,617)
Options outstanding
7,102,753
Termination grace periods
Immediately “for cause”; 90 days for any other reason; 180 days due to death
Vesting schedule
25% per year, unless otherwise specified
Exercise price range
$13.19 - $40.20
Expiration dates
11/2/2019 to 5/7/2026

The following table summarizes information regarding stock options outstanding at June 30, 2019:
 
 
 
 
Options Outstanding 
 
Options Exercisable  
Range of Exercise
Prices
 
Number of options
Outstanding as of
June 30, 2019
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (years) 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price 
 
Number of options
Exercisable as of
June 30, 2019
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
$
13.19

-
$
24.78

 
516,429

2.72
$
21.81

 
354,551

$
21.33

24.79

-
26.53

 
562,200

1.76
25.18

 
562,200

25.18

26.54

-
27.46

 
1,230,000

1.39
27.09

 
330,000

27.09

27.47

-
30.06

 
768,566

3.52
28.96

 
466,254

28.61

30.07

-
32.75

 
680,000

3.73
32.36

 
27,500

30.37

32.76

-
34.48

 
760,620

5.11
33.79

 
224,875

33.66

34.49

-
35.61

 
849,118

5.51
34.61

 
204,372

34.61

35.62

-
38.26

 
380,000

6.54
37.19

 
6,250

36.50

38.27

-
39.51

 
730,820

6.10
39.27

 


39.52

-
40.20

 
625,000

6.85
40.10

 


$
13.19

-
$
40.20

 
7,102,753

4.10
$
31.82

 
2,176,002

$
27.44


Share-Based Payments
Total share-based compensation expense for the periods indicated below is detailed as follows: 
 
Year Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Stock options
$
10,232

 
$
9,828

 
$
12,196

Performance Share Units (issued under LTIP)
3,461

 
3,553

 
3,624

Restricted Share Units (issued under LTIP)
5,917

 
6,602

 
6,452

Restricted Share Units (other)
175

 
936

 
2,804

Deferred Share Units (directors)
3,133

 
2,921

 
2,849

Employee Share Purchase Plan
3,852

 
3,754

 
2,582

Total share-based compensation expense
$
26,770

 
$
27,594

 
$
30,507


Summary of Outstanding Stock Options
As of June 30, 2019, an aggregate of 7,102,753 options to purchase Common Shares were outstanding and an additional 9,397,479 options to purchase Common Shares were available for issuance under our stock option plans. Our stock options generally vest over four years and expire between seven and ten years from the date of the grant. Currently we also have options outstanding that vest over five years, as well as options outstanding that vest based on meeting certain market conditions. The exercise price of all our options is set at an amount that is not less than the closing price of our Common Shares on the NASDAQ on the trading day immediately preceding the applicable grant date.
A summary of activity under our stock option plans for the year ended June 30, 2019 is as follows:
 
Options
 
Weighted-
Average Exercise
Price
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(years)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic  Value
($’000s)
Outstanding at June 30, 2018
7,078,435

 
$
28.41

 
 
 
 
Granted
1,870,340

 
38.81

 
 
 
 
Exercised
(1,472,031
)
 
24.20

 
 
 
 
Forfeited or expired
(373,991
)
 
32.33

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at June 30, 2019
7,102,753

 
$
31.82

 
4.10
 
$
66,656

Exercisable at June 30, 2019
2,176,002

 
$
27.44

 
3.03
 
$
29,950

 
Options
 
Weighted-
Average Exercise
Price
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(years)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic  Value
($’000s)
Outstanding at June 30, 2017
8,977,830

 
$
24.57

 
 
 
 
Granted
1,322,340

 
34.60

 
 
 
 
Exercised
(2,869,569
)
 
18.94

 
 
 
 
Forfeited or expired
(352,166
)
 
30.81

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at June 30, 2018
7,078,435

 
$
28.41

 
4.43
 
$
48,405

Exercisable at June 30, 2018
2,482,288

 
$
24.50

 
3.13
 
$
26,539

We estimate the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model or, where appropriate, the Monte Carlo Valuation Method, consistent with the provisions of ASC Topic 718, "Compensation—Stock Compensation" (Topic 718) and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107. The option-pricing models require input of subjective assumptions, including the estimated life of the option and the expected volatility of the underlying stock over the estimated life of the option. We use historical volatility as a basis for projecting the expected volatility of the underlying stock and estimate the expected life of our stock options based upon historical data.
We believe that the valuation techniques and the approach utilized to develop the underlying assumptions are appropriate in calculating the fair value of our stock option grants. Estimates of fair value are not intended, however, to predict actual future events or the value ultimately realized by employees who receive equity awards.
For the periods indicated, the weighted-average fair value of options and weighted-average assumptions were as follows:
 
Year Ended June 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Weighted–average fair value of options granted
$
8.39

 
$
7.58

 
$
7.06

Weighted-average assumptions used:
 
 
 
 
 
Expected volatility
25.72
%
 
26.95
%
 
28.32
%
Risk–free interest rate
2.57
%
 
2.18
%
 
1.46
%
Expected dividend yield
1.54
%
 
1.50
%
 
1.43
%
Expected life (in years)
4.44

 
4.38

 
4.51

Forfeiture rate (based on historical rates)
6
%
 
6
%
 
5
%
Average exercise share price
$
38.81

 
$
34.60

 
$
31.75

Derived service period (in years)*
N/A

 
N/A

 
1.79


*Options valued using Monte Carlo Valuation Method

As of June 30, 2019, the total compensation cost related to the unvested stock option awards not yet recognized was approximately $24.1 million, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 3.0 years.
No cash was used by us to settle equity instruments granted under share-based compensation arrangements in any of the periods presented.
We have not capitalized any share-based compensation costs as part of the cost of an asset in any of the periods presented.
For the year ended June 30, 2019, cash in the amount of $35.6 million was received as the result of the exercise of options granted under share-based payment arrangements. The tax benefit realized by us during the year ended June 30, 2019 from the exercise of options eligible for a tax deduction was $2.9 million.
For the year ended June 30, 2018, cash in the amount of $54.4 million was received as the result of the exercise of options granted under share-based payment arrangements. The tax benefit realized by us during the year ended June 30, 2018 from the exercise of options eligible for a tax deduction was $1.5 million.
For the year ended June 30, 2017, cash in the amount of $20.8 million was received as the result of the exercise of options granted under share-based payment arrangements. The tax benefit realized by us during the year ended June 30, 2017 from the exercise of options eligible for a tax deduction was $2.2 million.
Long-Term Incentive Plans
We incentivize our executive officers, in part, with long-term compensation pursuant to our LTIP. The LTIP is a rolling three year program that grants eligible employees a certain number of target Performance Share Units (PSUs) and/or Restricted Share Units (RSUs). Target PSUs become vested upon the achievement of certain financial and/or operational performance criteria (the Performance Conditions) that are determined at the time of the grant. Target RSUs become vested when an eligible employee remains employed throughout the vesting period.
PSUs and RSUs granted under the LTIPs have been measured at fair value as of the effective date, consistent with Topic 718, and will be charged to share-based compensation expense over the remaining life of the plan. Stock options granted under the LTIPs have been measured using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, consistent with Topic 718. We estimate the fair value of PSUs using the Monte Carlo pricing model and RSUs have been valued based upon their grant date fair value.
As of June 30, 2019, the total expected compensation cost related to the unvested LTIP awards not yet recognized was $13.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.
LTIP grants that have recently vested, or have yet to vest, are described below. LTIP grants are referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K based upon the year in which the grants are expected to vest.
Fiscal 2018 LTIP
Grants made in Fiscal 2016 under the LTIP (collectively referred to as Fiscal 2018 LTIP), consisting of PSUs and RSUs, took effect in Fiscal 2016 starting on August 23, 2015. We settled the Fiscal 2018 LTIP by issuing 539,103 Common Shares from treasury stock during the three months ended December 31, 2018, with a cost of $13.8 million.
Fiscal 2019 LTIP
Grants made in Fiscal 2017 under the LTIP (collectively referred to as Fiscal 2019 LTIP), consisting of PSUs and RSUs, took effect in Fiscal 2017 starting on August 14, 2016. The Performance Conditions for vesting of the PSUs are based solely upon market conditions. The RSUs are employee service-based awards and vest over the life of the Fiscal 2019 LTIP. We expect to settle the Fiscal 2019 LTIP awards in stock.
Fiscal 2020 LTIP
Grants made in Fiscal 2018 under the LTIP (collectively referred to as Fiscal 2020 LTIP), consisting of PSUs and RSUs, took effect in Fiscal 2018 starting on August 7, 2017. The Performance Conditions for vesting of the PSUs are based solely upon market conditions. The RSUs are employee service-based awards and vest over the life of the Fiscal 2020 LTIP. We expect to settle the Fiscal 2020 LTIP awards in stock.
Fiscal 2021 LTIP
Grants made in Fiscal 2019 under the LTIP (collectively referred to as Fiscal 2021 LTIP), consisting of PSUs and RSUs, took effect in Fiscal 2019 starting on August 6, 2018. The Performance Conditions for vesting of the PSUs are based solely upon market conditions. The RSUs are employee service-based awards and vest over the life of the Fiscal 2021 LTIP. We expect to settle the Fiscal 2021 LTIP awards in stock.
Restricted Share Units (RSUs)
During the year ended June 30, 2019, we did not grant any RSUs to employees in accordance with employment and other agreements (year ended June 30, 2018 and 2017—4,464 and 19,300 RSUs, respectively). The RSUs vest over a specified contract date, typically three years from the respective date of grants. We expect to settle the awards in stock.
During the year ended June 30, 2019, we issued 22,627 Common Shares from treasury stock, with a cost of $0.7 million in connection with the settlement of these vested RSUs (year ended June 30, 2018 and 2017—98,625 and 70,000 Common Shares, respectively, with a cost of $2.1 million and $1.5 million, respectively).
Deferred Stock Units (DSUs)
During the year ended June 30, 2019, we granted 100,271 DSUs to certain non-employee directors (year ended June 30, 2018 and 2017—87,501 and 91,680 DSUs, respectively). The DSUs were issued under our Deferred Share Unit Plan. DSUs granted as compensation for director fees vest immediately, whereas all other DSUs granted vest at our next annual general meeting following the granting of the DSUs. No DSUs are payable by us until the director ceases to be a member of the Board.
During the year ended June 30, 2019, we issued 51,794 Common Shares from treasury stock, with a cost of $2.0 million in connection with the settlement of vested DSUs (year ended June 30, 2018 and 2017—nil DSUs, respectively).
Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP)
Our ESPP offers employees a purchase price discount of 15%.
During the year ended June 30, 2019, 696,091 Common Shares were eligible for issuance to employees enrolled in the ESPP (year ended June 30, 2018 and 2017—729,521 and 530,170 Common Shares, respectively).
During the year ended June 30, 2019, cash in the amount of approximately $22.2 million was received from employees relating to the ESPP (year ended June 30, 2018 and 2017—$21.5 million and $14.8 million, respectively).