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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT
(Mark One)

☑ | Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020
OR

☐ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 1-12162
BORGWARNER INC.
________________________________________________
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 13-3404508
State or other jurisdiction of |  | (I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or organization |  | Identification No.)
3850 Hamlin Road, | Auburn Hills, | Michigan |  | 48326
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (248) 754-9200
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share |  | BWA |  | New York Stock Exchange
1.80% Senior Notes due 2022 |  | BWA22 |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☑ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☑
As of October 23, 2020, the registrant had 244,518,666 shares of voting common stock outstanding.

BORGWARNER INC.
FORM 10-Q
THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
INDEX

| Page No.
PART I. Financial Information |
Item 1. Financial Statements |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (Unaudited) | 1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited) | 2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited) | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (Unaudited) | 4
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 5
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 31
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 40
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 41
PART II. Other Information |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 42
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 42
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 43
Item 6. Exhibits | 45
SIGNATURES | 46

CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS FOR FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) (including Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations) may constitute forward-looking statements as contemplated by the 1995 Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (the “Act”) that are based on management's current outlook, expectations, estimates and projections. Words such as "anticipates," "believes," "continues," "could," "designed," "effect," "estimates," "evaluates," "expects," "forecasts," "goal," "guidance," "initiative," "intends," "may," "outlook," "plans," "potential," "predicts," "project," "pursue," "seek," "should," "target," "when," "will," "would," and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Further, all statements, other than statements of historical fact contained or incorporated by reference in this Form 10-Q, that we expect or anticipate will or may occur in the future regarding our financial position, business strategy and measures to implement that strategy, including changes to operations, competitive strengths, goals, expansion and growth of our business and operations, plans, references to future success and other such matters, are forward-looking statements. Accounting estimates, such as those described under the heading "Critical Accounting Policies" in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (“Form 10-K”), are inherently forward-looking. All forward-looking statements are based on assumptions and analyses made by us in light of our experience and our perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors we believe are appropriate in the circumstances. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance and the Company's actual results may differ materially from those expressed, projected, or implied in or by the forward-looking statements.
You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and generally beyond our control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed, projected or implied in or by the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties, among others, include: uncertainties regarding the extent and duration of impacts of matters associated with COVID-19/coronavirus ("COVID-19"), including additional production disruptions; the failure to realize the expected benefits of the acquisition of Delphi Technologies PLC that the Company completed on October 1, 2020; the failure to promptly and effectively integrate acquired businesses; the potential for unknown or inestimable liabilities relating to the acquired businesses; our dependence on automotive and truck production, both of which are highly cyclical; our reliance on major original equipment manufacturer ("OEM") customers; commodities availability and pricing; supply disruptions; fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates; availability of credit; our dependence on key management; our dependence on information systems; the uncertainty of the global economic environment; the outcome of existing or any future legal proceedings, including litigation with respect to various claims; future changes in laws and regulations, including, by way of example, tariffs, in the countries in which we operate; and the other risks, including, by way of example, pandemics and quarantines, noted in reports that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in our most recently-filed Form 10-K as updated by Item 1A of this report. We do not undertake any obligation to update or announce publicly any updates to or revisions to any of the forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q to reflect any change in our expectations or any change in events, conditions, circumstances, or assumptions underlying the statements.
This section and the discussions contained in Item 1A, "Risk Factors," and in Item 7, subheading "Critical Accounting Policies" in our most recently-filed Form 10-K are intended to provide meaningful cautionary statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions of the Act. This should not be construed as a complete list of all of the economic, competitive, governmental, technological and other factors that could adversely affect our expected consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. Additional risks and uncertainties, including without limitation those not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial, also may impair our business, operations, liquidity, financial condition and prospects.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to results presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), this report includes non-GAAP financial measures. The Company believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide additional information that is useful to investors in understanding the underlying performance and trends of the Company. Readers should be aware that non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations and should be cautious with respect to the use of such measures. To compensate for these limitations, we use non-GAAP measures as comparative tools, together with GAAP measures, to assist in the evaluation of our operating performance or financial condition. We ensure that these measures are calculated using the appropriate GAAP components in their entirety and that they are computed in a manner intended to facilitate consistent period-to-period comparisons. The Company's method of calculating these non-GAAP measures may differ from methods used by other companies. These non-GAAP measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for those financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. Where non-GAAP financial measures are used, the most directly comparable GAAP or regulatory financial measure, as well as the reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, can be found in this report.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
BORGWARNER INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(in millions) | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,121 |  |  | $ | 832 |
Receivables, net | 1,977 |  |  | 1,921 |
Inventories, net | 815 |  |  | 807 |
Prepayments and other current assets | 252 |  |  | 276 |
Total current assets | 5,165 |  |  | 3,836 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 2,824 |  |  | 2,925 |
Investments and other long-term receivables | 305 |  |  | 318 |
Goodwill | 1,855 |  |  | 1,842 |
Other intangible assets, net | 371 |  |  | 402 |
Other non-current assets | 372 |  |  | 379 |
Total assets | $ | 10,892 |  |  | $ | 9,702 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |
Notes payable and other short-term debt | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 286 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 2,127 |  |  | 1,977 |
Income taxes payable | 23 |  |  | 66 |
Total current liabilities | 2,199 |  |  | 2,329 |
Long-term debt | 2,787 |  |  | 1,674 |
Other non-current liabilities: |  |  |
Retirement-related liabilities | 290 |  |  | 306 |
Other | 698 |  |  | 549 |
Total other non-current liabilities | 988 |  |  | 855 |
Common stock | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Capital in excess of par value | 1,128 |  |  | 1,145 |
Retained earnings | 5,979 |  |  | 5,942 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (730) |  |  | (727) |
Common stock held in treasury, at cost | (1,623) |  |  | (1,657) |
Total BorgWarner Inc. stockholders’ equity | 4,757 |  |  | 4,706 |
Noncontrolling interest | 161 |  |  | 138 |
Total equity | 4,918 |  |  | 4,844 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 10,892 |  |  | $ | 9,702 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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BORGWARNER INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share amounts) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net sales | $ | 2,534 |  |  | $ | 2,492 |  |  | $ | 6,239 |  |  | $ | 7,609 |
Cost of sales | 2,017 |  |  | 1,968 |  |  | 5,101 |  |  | 6,053 |
Gross profit | 517 |  |  | 524 |  |  | 1,138 |  |  | 1,556 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 204 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 601 |  |  | 668 |
Other expense, net | 29 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 63 |
Operating income | 284 |  |  | 276 |  |  | 395 |  |  | 825 |
Equity in affiliates’ earnings, net of tax | (3) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (10) |  |  | (25) |
Interest income | (3) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (9) |
Interest expense | 20 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 43 |
Other postretirement (income) expense | (2) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (5) |  |  | 26 |
Earnings before income taxes and noncontrolling interest | 272 |  |  | 273 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 790 |
Provision for income taxes | 143 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 230 |
Net earnings | 129 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 560 |
Net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interest, net of tax | 18 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 34 |
Net earnings attributable to BorgWarner Inc. | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 526 |
Earnings per share — basic | $ | 0.54 |  |  | $ | 0.94 |  |  | $ | 0.69 |  |  | $ | 2.56 |
Earnings per share — diluted | $ | 0.53 |  |  | $ | 0.94 |  |  | $ | 0.69 |  |  | $ | 2.54 |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 206.0 |  |  | 205.3 |  |  | 205.9 |  |  | 205.9 |
Diluted | 207.3 |  |  | 206.3 |  |  | 206.7 |  |  | 206.8 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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BORGWARNER INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net earnings attributable to BorgWarner Inc. | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 526 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments* | 49 |  |  | (114) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (136) |
Hedge instruments* | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Defined benefit postretirement plans* | 7 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 31 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to BorgWarner Inc. | 57 |  |  | (109) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (105) |
Comprehensive income attributable to BorgWarner Inc.* | 168 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 421 |
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest, net of tax | 18 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 34 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest* | 6 |  |  | (5) |  |  | 3 |  |  | (7) |
Comprehensive income | $ | 192 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 182 |  |  | $ | 448 |

____________________________________
* Net of income taxes.
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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BORGWARNER INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019
OPERATING |  |  |
Net earnings | $ | 182 |  |  | $ | 560 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash flows from operations: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 339 |  |  | 324 |
Restructuring expense, net of cash paid | 49 |  |  | 14 |
Asset impairments | 26 |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense | 29 |  |  | 30 |
Gain on insurance recovery received for property damage | (9) |  |  | — |
Deferred income tax provision | 56 |  |  | 28 |
Pension settlement loss | — |  |  | 26 |
Tax reform adjustments to provision for income taxes | — |  |  | 16 |
Equity in affiliates’ earnings, net of dividends received, and other | (1) |  |  | 9 |
Net earnings adjusted for non-cash charges to operations | 671 |  |  | 1,007 |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Receivables | (25) |  |  | (76) |
Inventories | 3 |  |  | (56) |
Prepayments and other current assets | (4) |  |  | (24) |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 153 |  |  | (18) |
Prepaid taxes and income taxes payable | (2) |  |  | 15 |
Other assets and liabilities | 12 |  |  | (24) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 808 |  |  | 824 |
INVESTING |  |  |
Capital expenditures, including tooling outlays | (262) |  |  | (346) |
Insurance proceeds received for damage to property, plant and equipment | 23 |  |  | — |
Capital expenditures for damage to property, plant and equipment | (18) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from settlement of net investment hedges | 12 |  |  | — |
Payments for business acquired, net of cash acquired | (2) |  |  | (10) |
Payments for investments in equity securities | (2) |  |  | (52) |
Proceeds from sale of business, net of cash divested | — |  |  | 24 |
Proceeds from asset disposals and other, net | — |  |  | 4 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (249) |  |  | (380) |
FINANCING |  |  |
Net increase in notes payable | 6 |  |  | — |
Additions to debt | 1,163 |  |  | 45 |
Payments for debt issuance costs | (11) |  |  | — |
Repayments of debt, including current portion | (308) |  |  | (54) |
Payments for purchase of treasury stock | — |  |  | (100) |
Payments for stock-based compensation items | (13) |  |  | (15) |
Contributions from noncontrolling interest stockholders | — |  |  | 4 |
Dividends paid to BorgWarner stockholders | (105) |  |  | (105) |
Dividends paid to noncontrolling stockholders | (21) |  |  | (23) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 711 |  |  | (248) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | 19 |  |  | (19) |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 1,289 |  |  | 177 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 832 |  |  | 739 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 2,121 |  |  | $ | 916 |
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |
Interest | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 58 |
Income taxes, net of refunds | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 148 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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BORGWARNER INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
(1) Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of BorgWarner Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries (the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes necessary for a comprehensive presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flow activity required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of results have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020. The balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date. For further information, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Footnotes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and accompanying notes, as well as the amounts of revenues and expenses reported during the periods covered by those financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
A novel strain of COVID-19/coronavirus ("COVID-19") was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and subsequently declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. To date, COVID-19 has surfaced in nearly all regions around the world and has resulted, at times, in travel restrictions, closing of borders and business slowdowns or shutdowns in affected areas. As a result, COVID-19 has impacted the Company's business globally. Many OEMs temporarily suspended certain manufacturing operations, particularly in North America and Europe, due to market conditions and matters associated with COVID-19. Additionally, as a global manufacturer, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company responded to shelter-in-place and similar government orders in various locations around the world, including throughout the United States and Europe, which resulted in the temporary closures of or reduced operations at the Company's manufacturing and assembly facilities.
Because of the impacts COVID-19 had on the Company's operations, primarily in the second quarter of 2020, the Company assessed certain accounting matters that require consideration of forecasted financial information, including, but not limited to, its allowance for credit losses, the carrying value of the Company's goodwill, intangible assets, and other long-lived assets and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets with the information reasonably available to the Company and the unknown future impacts of COVID-19. As a result of these assessments, there were no impairments or material increases in credit allowances or valuation allowances that impacted the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Although the Company's operations have resumed, there is no guarantee that COVID-19 will not require additional assessments in the future and these assessments would not result in material impacts to the Consolidated Financial Statements in future reporting periods.
(2) New Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2020-4, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)." It provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by
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reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. These optional expedients and exceptions allow a company to choose not to apply certain modification accounting requirements under GAAP to contracts affected by reference rate reform. A company that makes this election would present and account for a modified contract as a continuation of the existing contract. It also enables a company to continue to apply hedge accounting for hedging relationships in which the critical terms change due to rate reform. This guidance was effective March 12, 2020 and provides relief to contract modifications through December 31, 2022. The Company adopted this guidance on March 12, 2020, and there was no impact to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40)." It requires implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements to be deferred and recognized over the term of the arrangement, if those costs would be capitalized by the customer in a software licensing arrangement under the internal-use software guidance (Subtopic 350-40). This guidance was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2020, and the impact on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements was immaterial.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)." It removes disclosure requirements on fair value measurements including the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the policy for timing of transfers between levels, and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. It also amends and clarifies certain disclosures and adds new disclosure requirements including the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. This guidance was effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2020, and there was no impact to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326)." It replaces the current incurred loss impairment method with a new method that reflects expected credit losses. Under this new model an entity would recognize an impairment allowance equal to its current estimate of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost. This guidance was effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2020, and the impact on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements was immaterial.
Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-1, "Investments - Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)." It clarifies the interaction among the accounting for equity securities, equity method investments, and certain derivative instruments. Specifically, for the purposes of applying the ASC Topic 321 measurement alternative, a company should consider observable transactions immediately before applying or upon discontinuing the equity method. Additionally, when determining the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options entered into to purchase securities, a company should not consider if the underlying securities would be accounted for under the equity method (ASC Topic 323) or fair value option (ASC Topic 825). This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes." It removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 740 and improves consistent application of and simplifies GAAP for other areas of ASC Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This guidance is effective for
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interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, "Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20)." It (i) requires the removal of disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial; (ii) clarifies specific requirements of certain disclosures; and (iii) adds new disclosure requirements, including the weighted average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and other plans with promised interest crediting rates, and reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact, and it will include enhanced disclosures in the Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption.
(3) Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The Company manufactures and sells products, primarily to OEMs of light vehicles and, to a lesser extent, to other OEMs of commercial vehicles, off-highway vehicles, certain tier one vehicle systems suppliers and into the aftermarket. Although the Company may enter into long-term supply arrangements with its major customers, the prices and volumes are not fixed over the life of the arrangements, and a contract does not exist for purposes of applying ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," until volumes are contractually known. Revenue is recognized when performance obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which generally occurs with the transfer of control of the Company's products. For most of the Company's products, transfer of control occurs upon shipment or delivery; however, a limited number of the Company's customer arrangements for highly customized products with no alternative use provide the Company with the right to payment during the production process. As a result, for these limited arrangements, revenue is recognized as goods are produced and control transfers to the customer using the input cost-to-cost method. The Company recorded a contract asset of $8 million and $10 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, for these arrangements. These amounts are reflected in Prepayments and other current assets in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Revenue is measured at the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring the goods. The Company has a limited number of arrangements with customers where the price paid by the customer is dependent on the volume of product purchased over the term of the arrangement. In other limited arrangements, the Company will provide a rebate to customers based on the volume of products purchased during the course of the arrangement. The Company estimates the volumes to be sold over the term of the arrangement and recognizes revenue based on the estimated amount of consideration to be received from these arrangements.
The Company’s payment terms with customers are customary and vary by customer and geography but typically range from 30 to 90 days. The Company has evaluated the terms of its arrangements and determined that they do not contain significant financing components. The Company provides warranties on some of its products. Provisions for estimated expenses related to product warranty are made at the time products are sold. Refer to Note 9, "Product Warranty," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. Shipping and handling fees billed to customers are included in sales, while costs of shipping and handling are included in cost of sales. The Company has elected to apply the accounting policy election available under ASC Topic 606 and accounts for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment cost.
In limited instances, certain customers have provided payments in advance of receiving related products, typically at the onset of an arrangement prior to the beginning of production. These contract liabilities are reflected as Accounts payable and accrued expenses and Other non-current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and were $12 million and $4 million at September 30, 2020
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and $10 million and $12 million at December 31, 2019, respectively. These amounts are reflected as revenue over the term of the arrangement (typically 3 to 7 years) as the underlying products are shipped.
The Company continually seeks business development opportunities and at times provides customer incentives for new program awards. The Company evaluates the underlying economics of each amount of consideration payable to a customer to determine the proper accounting by understanding the reasons for the payment, the rights and obligations resulting from the payment, the nature of the promise in the contract, and other relevant facts and circumstances. When the Company determines that the payments are incremental and incurred only if the new business is obtained and expects to recover these amounts from the customer over the term of the new business arrangement, the Company capitalizes these amounts. The Company recognizes a reduction to revenue, when the products that any such payments are related to, are transferred to the customer based on the total amount of products expected to be sold over the term of the arrangement (generally 3 to 7 years). The Company evaluates the amounts capitalized each period end for recoverability, and any amounts that are no longer expected to be recovered over the term of the business arrangement are recognized as a reduction to revenue at that time. The Company had $41 million and $37 million recorded in Prepayments and other current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company had $164 million and $180 million recorded in Other non-current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
The Company's business is comprised of two reporting segments: Engine and Drivetrain. Refer to Note 20, "Reporting Segments," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers by segment and region:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
(In millions) |  | Engine |  | Drivetrain |  | Total |  | Engine |  | Drivetrain |  | Total
North America |  | $ | 384 |  |  | $ | 456 |  |  | $ | 840 |  |  | $ | 397 |  |  | $ | 456 |  |  | $ | 853 |
Europe |  | 658 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 844 |  |  | 716 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 919 |
Asia |  | 391 |  |  | 429 |  |  | 820 |  |  | 357 |  |  | 324 |  |  | 681 |
Other |  | 26 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 39 |
Total |  | $ | 1,459 |  |  | $ | 1,075 |  |  | $ | 2,534 |  |  | $ | 1,500 |  |  | $ | 992 |  |  | $ | 2,492 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
(In millions) |  | Engine |  | Drivetrain |  | Total |  | Engine |  | Drivetrain |  | Total
North America |  | $ | 938 |  |  | $ | 1,069 |  |  | $ | 2,007 |  |  | $ | 1,216 |  |  | $ | 1,362 |  |  | $ | 2,578 |
Europe |  | 1,707 |  |  | 467 |  |  | 2,174 |  |  | 2,277 |  |  | 641 |  |  | 2,918 |
Asia |  | 988 |  |  | 995 |  |  | 1,983 |  |  | 1,053 |  |  | 944 |  |  | 1,997 |
Other |  | 64 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 116 |
Total |  | $ | 3,697 |  |  | $ | 2,542 |  |  | $ | 6,239 |  |  | $ | 4,637 |  |  | $ | 2,972 |  |  | $ | 7,609 |

(4) Research and Development Expenditures
The Company's net Research & Development ("R&D") expenditures are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Customer reimbursements are netted against gross R&D expenditures as they are considered a recovery of cost. Customer reimbursements for prototypes are recorded net of prototype costs based on customer contracts, typically either when the prototype is shipped or when it is accepted by the customer. Customer reimbursements for engineering services are recorded when performance obligations are
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satisfied in accordance with the contract. Financial risks and rewards transfer upon shipment, acceptance of a prototype component by the customer or upon completion of the performance obligation, as stated in the respective customer agreement. The Company has contracts with several customers at the Company's various R&D locations. None of the Company's R&D-related customer reimbursements under these contracts exceeded 5% of net R&D expenditures in any of the periods presented.
The following table presents the Company’s gross and net expenditures on R&D activities:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Gross R&D expenditures | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 336 |  |  | $ | 372 |
Customer reimbursements | (15) |  |  | (21) |  |  | (39) |  |  | (53) |
Net R&D expenditures | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | 297 |  |  | $ | 319 |

(5) Other Expense, Net
Items included in Other expense, net consist of:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Restructuring expense | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 41 |
Merger, acquisition and divestiture expense | 16 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 10 |
Asset impairments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |
Net gain on insurance recovery for property damage | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |
Unfavorable arbitration loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Other income, net | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | (2) |
Other expense, net | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 63 |

Restructuring expense: During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded restructuring expense of $20 million and $72 million, respectively, primarily related to actions to reduce structural costs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded restructuring expense of $14 million and $41 million, respectively. This restructuring expense primarily related to Drivetrain and Engine segment actions designed to improve future profitability and competitiveness. Refer to Note 18, "Restructuring," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
Merger, acquisition and divestiture expense: During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded merger, acquisition and divestiture expense of $16 million and $58 million, respectively, primarily related to professional fees associated with the Company's acquisition of Delphi Technologies PLC ("Delphi Technologies") completed on October 1, 2020. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded merger, acquisition and divestiture expense of $4 million and $10 million, respectively, primarily professional fees related to its review of strategic acquisition targets, including its 20% equity interest in Romeo Systems, Inc. ("Romeo") and divestiture activities for non-core pipe and thermostat product lines.
Asset impairments: During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded asset impairment charges of $26 million. In the first quarter of 2020, the Company recorded a $9 million charge to reduce its investment in Romeo to the estimated fair value of $41 million. Refer to Note 21, "Recent Transactions and Events," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more
9

information. The remaining asset impairment charges of $9 million in the Engine segment and $8 million in the Drivetrain segment, related to the write down of property, plant and equipment associated with the announced closures of two European facilities.
Net gain on insurance recovery: On April 13, 2020, a tornado struck the Company's facility in Seneca, South Carolina (the "Seneca Plant") causing damage to the Company's assets. The Seneca Plant, which is one of the Company's largest Drivetrain plants, was not in operation at the time. The Company expects its insurance policies to cover the full repair or replacement of the Company's assets that incurred loss or damage. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded a net gain of $3 million and $9 million, respectively, from insurance recovery proceeds, which primarily represents the amount received for replacement cost in excess of carrying value (net of deductible expense of $1 million). In addition, all clean-up and repair costs incurred through September 30, 2020 have been fully recovered through these insurance proceeds. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had received a total of $110 million in cash proceeds from insurance carriers related to this event, substantially all of which have been applied to losses and expenses associated with clean-up and repair costs and capital expenditures. The Company expects its insurance policies to provide coverage for interruption to its business and reimbursement for other expenses and costs that will be incurred relating to the damages and losses sustained.
Unfavorable arbitration loss: During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded $14 million of expense related to the receipt of a final unfavorable arbitration decision associated with the resolution of a matter related to a previous acquisition.
(6) Income Taxes
The Company's provision for income taxes is based upon an estimated annual tax rate for the year applied to federal, state and foreign income. On a quarterly basis, the annual effective tax rate is adjusted, as appropriate, based upon changed facts and circumstances, if any, as compared to those forecasted at the beginning of the fiscal year and each interim period thereafter.
The Company's effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was 50.5%. This rate was unfavorably impacted by $51 million of additional income tax expense in the quarter ended
September 30, 2020, primarily related to final U.S Treasury regulations that were issued in the third quarter. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 net increases to income tax expense were $44 million, as certain tax law changes in India in the Company's first quarter of 2020 and the release of certain unrecognized tax benefits due to closure of an audit partially offset by the additional income tax expense recognized in the third quarter. The Company’s effective tax rate was also unfavorably impacted by $156 million of restructuring expenses and merger, acquisition and divestiture expenses and asset impairment charges that were largely non-deductible for tax purposes. The Company recognized $23 million of tax benefit associated with these expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
The Company's effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was 29.2%. This rate includes reductions of income tax expense of $11 million related to restructuring expense, $6 million related to other postretirement expense, and $13 million for other reductions to income tax expense. This rate also includes an increase in income tax expense of $22 million due to the U.S. Department of the Treasury's issuance of the final regulations during the first three months of 2019 related to the calculation of the one-time transition tax associated with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.
The annual effective tax rates differ from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to foreign rates which differ from those in the U.S., U.S. taxes on foreign earnings, the realization of certain business tax credits, including foreign tax credits, and favorable permanent differences between book and tax treatment for certain items, including equity in affiliates' earnings.
Deferred tax liabilities, which are reflected in Other non-current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, increased from $125 million at December 31, 2019 to $174 million at
10

September 30, 2020, primarily due to the issuance of final U.S. Treasury regulations in the third quarter of 2020.
(7) Inventories, Net
Certain U.S. inventories are measured by the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method at the lower of cost or market, while other U.S. and foreign operations use the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) or average-cost methods at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Inventories, net consisted of the following:

| September 30, |  | December 31,
(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019
Raw material and supplies | $ | 529 |  |  | $ | 502 |
Work in progress | 115 |  |  | 113 |
Finished goods | 186 |  |  | 207 |
FIFO inventories | 830 |  |  | 822 |
LIFO reserve | (15) |  |  | (15) |
Inventories, net | $ | 815 |  |  | $ | 807 |

(8) Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

| September 30, |  | December 31,
(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019
Land, land use rights and buildings | $ | 905 |  |  | $ | 860 |
Machinery and equipment | 3,197 |  |  | 2,971 |
Construction in progress | 291 |  |  | 360 |
Finance lease assets | — |  |  | 1 |
Total property, plant and equipment, gross | 4,393 |  |  | 4,192 |
Less: accumulated depreciation | (1,800) |  |  | (1,513) |
Property, plant and equipment, net, excluding tooling | 2,593 |  |  | 2,679 |
Tooling, net of amortization | 231 |  |  | 246 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 2,824 |  |  | $ | 2,925 |

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, accounts payable of $39 million and $102 million, respectively, were related to property, plant and equipment purchases.
Interest costs capitalized for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were $6 million and $13 million, respectively.
(9) Product Warranty
The Company provides warranties on some, but not all, of its products. The warranty terms are typically from one to three years. Provisions for estimated expenses related to product warranty are made at the time products are sold. These estimates are established using historical information about the nature, frequency and average cost of warranty claim settlements as well as product manufacturing and industry developments and recoveries from third parties. Management actively studies trends of warranty claims and takes action to improve product quality and minimize warranty claims. Management believes that the warranty accrual is appropriate; however, actual claims incurred could differ from the original estimates, which could require adjustments to the accrual.
11

The following table summarizes the activity in the product warranty accrual accounts:

(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019
Beginning balance, January 1 | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 103 |
Provisions for current period sales | 36 |  |  | 36 |
Adjustments of prior estimates | 14 |  |  | 9 |
Payments | (41) |  |  | (43) |
Translation adjustment | 2 |  |  | (4) |
Ending balance, September 30 | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | 101 |

The product warranty liability is classified in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:

| September 30, |  | December 31,
(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 63 |
Other non-current liabilities | 54 |  |  | 53 |
Total product warranty liability | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | 116 |

(10) Notes Payable and Long-Term Debt
As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had short-term and long-term debt outstanding as follows:

| September 30, |  | December 31,
(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019
Short-term debt |  |  |
Short-term borrowings | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 34 |
Long-term debt |  |  |
4.625% Senior notes due 09/15/20 ($250 million par value) | — |  |  | 251 |
1.800% Senior notes due 11/07/22 (€500 million par value) | 584 |  |  | 558 |
3.375% Senior notes due 03/15/25 ($500 million par value) | 497 |  |  | 497 |
2.650% Senior notes due 07/01/27 ($1,100 million par value) | 1,088 |  |  | — |
7.125% Senior notes due 02/15/29 ($121 million par value) | 119 |  |  | 119 |
4.375% Senior notes due 03/15/45 ($500 million par value) | 494 |  |  | 494 |
Term loan facilities and other | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Total long-term debt | 2,789 |  |  | 1,926 |
Less: current portion | 2 |  |  | 252 |
Long-term debt, net of current portion | $ | 2,787 |  |  | $ | 1,674 |

The Company may utilize uncommitted lines of credit for short-term working capital requirements. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $47 million and $34 million, respectively, in borrowings under these facilities, which are classified in Notes payable and short-term debt on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The weighted average interest rate on short-term borrowings outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was 2.2% and 2.5%, respectively. The weighted average interest rate on all borrowings outstanding, including the effects of outstanding swaps, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was 2.3% and 2.8%.
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On June 19, 2020, in anticipation of the acquisition of Delphi Technologies and to refinance the Company's $250 million 4.625% senior notes due in September 2020, the Company issued $1.1 billion in 2.650% senior notes due July 2027. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year. These senior notes are not guaranteed by any of the Company’s subsidiaries.
On April 29, 2020, the Company entered into a $750 million delayed-draw term loan which was subsequently cancelled on June 19, 2020 in accordance with its terms, following the Company's issuance of the $1.1 billion in 2.650% senior notes.
On March 13, 2020, the Company amended its multi-currency revolving credit facility by increasing the size of the facility from $1.2 billion to $1.5 billion and by extending the maturity until March 13, 2025. The multi-currency revolving credit agreement automatically increased to $2.0 billion upon the closing of the acquisition of Delphi Technologies on October 1, 2020. Additionally, the agreement allows the Company the ability to increase the facility by $1.0 billion with bank group approval. The credit agreement contains customary events of default and one key financial covenant, which is a debt to Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization ("EBITDA") ratio. The Company was in compliance with the financial covenant at September 30, 2020. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company h ad no outstanding borrowings under this facility.
The Company's commercial paper program allows the Company to issue up to $1.5 billion of short-term, unsecured commercial paper notes under the limits of its multi-currency revolving credit facility. The commercial paper program automatically increased to $2.0 billion upon the closing of the acquisition of Delphi Technologies on October 1, 2020. Under this program, the Company may issue notes from time to time and use the proceeds for general corporate purposes. The Company had no outstanding borrowings under this program as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the estimated fair values of the Company’s senior unsecured notes totaled $3,027 million and $2,025 million, respectively. The estimated fair values were $245 million higher than their carrying value at September 30, 2020 and $106 million higher than their carrying value at December 31, 2019. Fair market values of the senior unsecured notes are developed using observable values for similar debt instruments, which are considered Level 2 inputs as defined by ASC Topic 820. The carrying values of the Company's multi-currency revolving credit facility and commercial paper program approximates fair value. The fair value estimates do not necessarily reflect the values the Company could realize in the current markets.
The Company had outstanding letters of credit of $32 million and $28 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The letters of credit typically act as guarantees of payment to certain third parties in accordance with specified terms and conditions.
(11) Fair Value Measurements
ASC Topic 820 emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, a fair value measurement should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair values as follows:
Level 1:Observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets;
Level 2:Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3:Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
13

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are based on one or more of the following three valuation techniques noted in ASC Topic 820:
A.Market approach: Prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets, liabilities or a group of assets or liabilities, such as a business.
B.Cost approach: Amount that would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost).
C.Income approach: Techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based upon market expectations (including present value techniques, option-pricing and excess earnings models).
The following tables classify assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

|  |  | Basis of fair value measurements |  |
(in millions) | Balance at September 30, 2020 |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical items (Level 1) |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |  | Valuation technique
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | A
Net investment hedge contracts | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | A
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | A
Net investment hedge contracts | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | A

|  |  | Basis of fair value measurements |  |
(in millions) | Balance at December 31, 2019 |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical items (Level 1) |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |  | Valuation technique
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net investment hedge contracts | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | A
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | A
Net investment hedge contracts | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | A

(12) Financial Instruments
The Company’s financial instruments typically include cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, their book value approximates their fair value. The Company’s financial instruments may also include long-term debt, interest rate and cross-currency swaps and options, commodity derivative contracts and foreign currency derivative contracts. All derivative contracts are placed with counterparties that have an S&P, or equivalent, investment grade credit rating at the time of the contracts’ placement. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had no derivative contracts that contained credit risk-related contingent features.
14

The Company uses certain commodity derivative contracts to protect against commodity price changes related to forecasted raw material and component purchases. The Company primarily utilizes forward and option contracts, which are designated as cash flow hedges. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the following commodity derivative contracts were outstanding:

|  | Commodity derivative contracts
Commodity |  | Volume hedged September 30, 2020 | Volume hedged December 31, 2019 |  | Units of measure |  | Duration
Copper |  | 47 |  | 203 |  |  | Metric Tons |  | Dec - 20

The Company manages its interest rate risk by balancing its exposure to fixed and variable rates while attempting to optimize its interest costs. The Company selectively uses interest rate swaps and options to reduce market value risk associated with changes in interest rates (fair value hedges and cash flow hedges). At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had no outstanding interest rate swaps.
The Company uses foreign currency forward and option contracts to protect against exchange rate movements for forecasted cash flows, including capital expenditures, purchases, operating expenses or sales transactions designated in currencies other than the functional currency of the operating unit. In addition, the Company uses foreign currency forward contracts and cross-currency swaps to hedge exposure associated with its net investment in certain foreign operations (net investment hedges). The Company has also designated its Euro-denominated debt as a net investment hedge of the Company's investment in European subsidiaries. Foreign currency derivative contracts require the Company, at a future date, to either buy or sell foreign currency in exchange for the operating units’ local currency. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the following foreign currency derivative contracts were outstanding:
15

Foreign currency derivatives (in millions)
Functional currency |  | Traded currency |  | Notional in traded currency September 30, 2020 |  | Notional in traded currency December 31, 2019 |  | Ending Duration
Brazilian real |  | Euro |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | Jan - 21
Brazilian real |  | US dollar |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | Jan - 21
British pound |  | Euro |  | 11 |  |  | 9 |  |  | Mar - 21
British pound |  | US dollar |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | Mar - 20
Chinese renminbi |  | US dollar |  | 51 |  |  | 2 |  |  | Jul - 21
Euro |  | British pound |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | Jan - 21
Euro |  | Chinese renminbi |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | Oct - 20
Euro |  | Hungarian forint |  | 744 |  |  | — |  |  | Jan - 21
Euro |  | Japanese yen |  | 85 |  |  | 383 |  |  | Dec - 20
Euro |  | Polish zloty |  | 125 |  |  | — |  |  | Dec - 20
Euro |  | US dollar |  | 3 |  |  | 18 |  |  | Dec - 20
Indian rupee |  | Japanese yen |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | Oct - 20
Indian rupee |  | US dollar |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | Oct - 20
Japanese yen |  | Korean won |  | 1,255 |  |  | — |  |  | Dec - 20
Japanese yen |  | US dollar |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | Dec - 20
Korean won |  | Euro |  | 3 |  |  | 13 |  |  | Dec - 20
Korean won |  | Japanese yen |  | 169 |  |  | 409 |  |  | Dec - 20
Korean won |  | US dollar |  | 15 |  |  | 4 |  |  | Dec - 20
Swedish krona |  | Euro |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | Jan - 20
Thai baht |  | US dollar |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | Dec - 20
US dollar |  | Euro |  | 79 |  |  | 14 |  |  | Dec - 20
US dollar |  | Japanese yen |  | 500 |  |  | — |  |  | Oct - 20
US dollar |  | Korean won |  | 15,000 |  |  | — |  |  | Apr - 21
US dollar |  | Mexican peso |  | 188 |  |  | — |  |  | Mar - 21

The Company selectively uses cross-currency swaps and certain foreign currency-denominated debt to hedge the foreign currency exposure associated with its net investment in certain foreign operations (net investment hedges). At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the following cross-currency swap contracts were outstanding:

| Cross-Currency Swaps
(in millions) | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | Duration
US dollar to Euro: |  |  |  |  |
Fixed receiving notional | $ | 1,100 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Jul - 27
Fixed paying notional | € | 976 |  |  | € | — |  |  | Jul - 27
US dollar to Euro: |  |  |  |  |
Fixed receiving notional | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | 500 |  |  | Mar - 25
Fixed paying notional | € | 450 |  |  | € | 450 |  |  | Mar - 25
US dollar to Japanese yen: |  |  |  |  |
Fixed receiving notional | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | Feb - 23
Fixed paying notional | ¥ | 10,978 |  |  | ¥ | 10,978 |  |  | Feb - 23

16

At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the following amounts were recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as being payable to or receivable from counterparties under ASC Topic 815:

(in millions) |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments Under 815: |  | Location |  | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | Location |  | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Foreign currency |  | Prepayments and other current assets |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Net investment hedges |  | Other non-current assets |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | Other non-current liabilities |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 8 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency |  | Prepayments and other current assets |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |

Effectiveness for cash flow hedges is assessed at the inception of the hedging relationship and quarterly, thereafter. Gains and losses arising from these contracts that are included in the assessment of effectiveness are deferred into Accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss ("AOCI") and reclassified into income as the underlying operating transactions are recognized. These realized gains or losses offset the hedged transaction and are recorded on the same line in the statement of operations. The initial value of any component excluded from the assessment of effectiveness will be recognized in income using a systematic and rational method over the life of the hedging instrument. Any difference between the change in fair value of the excluded component and amounts recognized in income under that systematic and rational method will be recognized in AOCI.
Effectiveness for net investment hedges is assessed at the inception of the hedging relationship and quarterly, thereafter. Gains and losses arising from these contracts that are included in the assessment of effectiveness are deferred into foreign currency translation adjustments and only released when the subsidiary being hedged is sold or substantially liquidated. The initial value of any component excluded from the assessment of effectiveness will be recognized in income using a systematic and rational method over the life of the hedging instrument. Any difference between the change in fair value of the excluded component and amounts recognized in income under that systematic and rational method will be recognized in AOCI.
The table below shows deferred gains (losses) reported in AOCI as well as the amount expected to be reclassified to income in one year or less. The amount expected to be reclassified to income in one year or less assumes no change in the current relationship of the hedged item at September 30, 2020 market rates.

(in millions) |  | Deferred gain (loss) in AOCI at |  | Gain (loss) expected to be reclassified to income in one year or less
Contract Type |  | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |
Foreign currency |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1) |
Net investment hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency |  | 6 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |
Cross-currency swaps |  | (55) |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |
Foreign currency-denominated debt |  | (43) |  |  | (17) |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | (93) |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (1) |

17

Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedge instruments as defined by ASC Topic 815 held during the period resulted in the following gains and losses recorded in income:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in millions) |  | Net sales |  | Cost of sales |  | Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | Other comprehensive income (loss)
Total amounts of earnings and other comprehensive income(loss) line items in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded |  | $ | 2,534 |  |  | $ | 2,017 |  |  | $ | 204 |  |  | $ | 57 |
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1 |
Gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI to income |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in millions) |  | Net sales |  | Cost of sales |  | Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | Other comprehensive income(loss)
Total amounts of earnings and other comprehensive income(loss) line items in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded |  | $ | 6,239 |  |  | $ | 5,101 |  |  | $ | 601 |  |  | $ | (3) |
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (1) |
Gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI to income |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  |

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
(in millions) |  | Net sales |  | Cost of sales |  | Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | Other comprehensive income (loss)
Total amounts of earnings and other comprehensive income(loss) line items in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded |  | $ | 2,492 |  |  | $ | 1,968 |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | (109) |
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
Gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI to income |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(in millions) |  | Net sales |  | Cost of sales |  | Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | Other comprehensive income(loss)
Total amounts of earnings and other comprehensive income(loss) line items in which the effects of cash flow hedges are recorded |  | $ | 7,609 |  |  | $ | 6,053 |  |  | $ | 668 |  |  | $ | (105) |
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (1) |
Gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI to income |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  |

The gains or losses recorded in income related to components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness for derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges were immaterial for the periods presented.
18

Gains and (losses) on derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges were recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) during the periods presented below.

(in millions) |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Net investment hedges |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Foreign currency |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Cross-currency swaps |  | $ | (89) |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | (71) |  |  | $ | 16 |
Foreign currency-denominated debt |  | $ | (24) |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | (26) |  |  | $ | 28 |

Derivatives designated as net investment hedge instruments as defined by ASC Topic 815 held during the period resulted in the following gains recorded in Interest expense and finance charges on components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness:

(in millions) |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Net investment hedges |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cross-currency swaps |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 8 |

There were no gains or losses recorded in income related to components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness for foreign currency-denominated debt designated as net investment hedges. There were no gains and losses reclassified from AOCI for net investment hedges during the periods presented.
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are used to hedge remeasurement exposures of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the operating units' functional currency. These derivatives resulted in the following gains and (losses) recorded in income:

(in millions) |  |  |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Contract Type |  | Location |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Foreign Currency |  | Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (3) |

(13) Retirement Benefit Plans
The Company has a number of defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans covering eligible salaried and hourly employees and their dependents. The estimated contributions to the Company's defined benefit pension plans for 2020 range from $15 million to $25 million, of which $15 million has been contributed through the first nine months of the year. The other postretirement benefit plans, which provide medical and life insurance benefits, are funded on a pay-as-you-go basis.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company settled approximately $50 million of its U.S. pension projected benefit obligation by liquidating approximately $50 million in plan assets through a lump-sum disbursement made to an insurance company. Pursuant to this agreement, the insurance company has unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed all future payments to certain participants that were receiving payments from the U.S. pension plan. The insurance company has assumed all investment risk associated with the assets that were delivered as part of this transaction. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company discharged certain U.S. pension plan obligations by making lump-sum payments of $13 million to former employees of the Company. As a result, the Company settled $63 million of U.S. pension projected benefit obligation by liquidating pension plan assets and recorded a non-cash settlement loss of $26 million related to the accelerated recognition of unamortized losses.
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The components of net periodic benefit cost recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows:

|  | Pension benefits |  | Other postretirement employee benefits
(in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |
Three Months Ended September 30, |  | US |  | Non-US |  | US |  | Non-US |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Service cost |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest cost |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (2) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (6) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of unrecognized prior service credit |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Amortization of unrecognized loss |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Net periodic benefit cost |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

|  | Pension benefits |  | Other postretirement employee benefits
(in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |
Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | US |  | Non-US |  | US |  | Non-US |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Service cost |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest cost |  | 4 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (7) |  |  | (18) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (17) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Settlement loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of unrecognized prior service credit |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | (3) |
Amortization of unrecognized loss |  | 2 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Net periodic benefit (income) cost |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

The components of net periodic benefit (income) cost other than the service cost component are included in Other postretirement (income) expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(14) Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has granted restricted common stock and restricted stock units (collectively, "restricted stock") and performance share units as long-term incentive awards to employees and non-employee directors under the BorgWarner Inc. 2014 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended ("2014 Plan") and the BorgWarner Inc. 2018 Stock Incentive Plan ("2018 Plan"). The Company's Board of Directors adopted the 2018 Plan as a replacement to the 2014 Plan in February 2018, and the Company's stockholders approved the 2018 Plan at the annual meeting of stockholders on April 25, 2018. After stockholders approved the 2018 Plan, the Company could no longer make grants under the 2014 Plan. The shares that were available for issuance under the 2014 Plan were cancelled upon approval of the 2018 Plan. The 2018 Plan authorizes the issuance of a total of 7 million shares, of which approximately 5 million shares were available for future issuance as of September 30, 2020.
Restricted stock: During the first nine months of 2020, the Company granted shares of restricted stock of 775,705 and 30,674 to employees and non-employee directors, respectively. Restricted stock granted to employees generally vests 50% after two years and the remainder after three years. Restricted stock granted to non-employee directors generally vests on the first anniversary of the grant date. The Company recognizes the value of the restricted stock, which is equal to the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, as compensation expense ratably over the restricted stock's vesting period. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had $38 million of unrecognized compensation expense that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.3 years. The
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Company recorded restricted stock compensation expense of $7 million and $8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $22 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
A summary of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is as follows:

| Shares subject to restriction (thousands) |  | Weighted average grant date fair value
Nonvested at December 31, 2019 | 1,664 |  |  | $ | 44.26 |
Granted | 766 |  |  | $ | 34.05 |
Vested | (466) |  |  | $ | 46.00 |
Forfeited | (9) |  |  | $ | 42.23 |
Nonvested at March 31, 2020 | 1,955 |  |  | $ | 39.87 |
Granted | 31 |  |  | $ | 29.67 |
Vested | (75) |  |  | $ | 41.19 |
Forfeited | (24) |  |  | $ | 40.49 |
Nonvested at June 30, 2020 | 1,887 |  |  | $ | 39.65 |
Granted | 9 |  |  | $ | 37.77 |
Vested | (9) |  |  | $ | 38.68 |
Forfeited | (33) |  |  | $ | 39.80 |
Nonvested at September 30, 2020 | 1,854 |  |  | $ | 39.64 |

Performance share units: The Company grants performance share units to members of senior management that vest at the end of three-year periods based the following metrics:
•Total Stockholder Return Units: based on the Company's total stockholder return relative to a peer group of companies.
•Relative Revenue Growth Units: based on the Company's revenue growth relative to the vehicle market.
•Adjusted Earnings Per Share Units: introduced in the first quarter of 2020, this performance metric is based on the Company’s earnings per share adjusted for certain one-time items and non-operating gains and losses against a 3-year defined target.
A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested performance share units for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 is as follows:

| Total Stockholder Return |  | Relative Revenue Growth |  | Adjusted Earnings Per Share
| Number of shares (thousands) |  | Weighted average grant date fair value |  | Number of shares (thousands) |  | Weighted average grant date fair value |  | Number of shares (thousands) |  | Weighted average grant date fair value
Nonvested at December 31, 2019 | 240 |  |  | $ | 64.61 |  |  | 240 |  |  | $ | 48.52 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Granted | 142 |  |  | $ | 28.55 |  |  | 142 |  |  | $ | 34.11 |  |  | 115 |  |  | $ | 34.11 |
Nonvested at March 31, 2020 | 382 |  |  | $ | 48.02 |  |  | 382 |  |  | $ | 41.54 |  |  | 115 |  |  | $ | 34.11 |
Forfeited | (8) |  |  | $ | 50.17 |  |  | (8) |  |  | $ | 42.35 |  |  | (3) |  |  | $ | 34.11 |
Nonvested at June 30, 2020 | 374 |  |  | $ | 47.97 |  |  | 374 |  |  | $ | 41.52 |  |  | 112 |  |  | $ | 34.11 |
Granted | 2 |  |  | $ | 28.55 |  |  | 2 |  |  | $ | 37.77 |  |  | 2 |  |  | $ | 37.77 |
Forfeited | (5) |  |  | $ | 73.11 |  |  | (5) |  |  | $ | 52.64 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Nonvested at September 30, 2020 | 371 |  |  | $ | 47.60 |  |  | 371 |  |  | $ | 41.35 |  |  | 114 |  |  | $ | 34.16 |

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The Company recorded compensation expense for performance share units in the periods presented below:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Total Stockholder Return |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Relative Revenue Growth |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Adjusted Earnings Per Share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Total compensation expense |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 8 |

In 2018, the Company modified the vesting provisions of restricted stock and performance share unit grants made to certain retiring executive officers to allow certain of the outstanding awards, that otherwise would have been forfeited, to vest upon retirement. This resulted in net restricted stock and performance share unit compensation expense of $2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
(15) Stockholders' Equity
The changes of the Stockholders' Equity items during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, are as follows:

| BorgWarner Inc. stockholders' equity |  |
(in millions) | Issued common stock |  | Capital in excess of par value |  | Treasury stock |  | Retained earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Noncontrolling interests
Balance, June 30, 2020 | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1,115 |  |  | $ | (1,623) |  |  | $ | 5,903 |  |  | $ | (787) |  |  | $ | 152 |
Dividends declared ($0.17 per share*) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (35) |  |  | — |  |  | (15) |
Net issuance for executive stock plan | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net issuance of restricted stock | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 111 |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | 6 |
Balance, September 30, 2020 | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1,128 |  |  | $ | (1,623) |  |  | $ | 5,979 |  |  | $ | (730) |  |  | $ | 161 |

| BorgWarner Inc. stockholders' equity |  |
(in millions) | Issued common stock |  | Capital in excess of par value |  | Treasury stock |  | Retained earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Noncontrolling interests
Balance, June 30, 2019 | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1,116 |  |  | $ | (1,653) |  |  | $ | 5,598 |  |  | $ | (670) |  |  | $ | 108 |
Dividends declared ($0.17 per share*) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (35) |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Contributions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Net issuance for executive stock plan | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net issuance of restricted stock | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 194 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (109) |  |  | (5) |
Balance, September 30, 2019 | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1,129 |  |  | $ | (1,653) |  |  | $ | 5,757 |  |  | $ | (779) |  |  | $ | 121 |

22

| BorgWarner Inc. stockholders' equity |  |
(in millions) | Issued common stock |  | Capital in excess of par value |  | Treasury stock |  | Retained earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Noncontrolling interests
Balance, December 31, 2019 | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1,145 |  |  | $ | (1,657) |  |  | $ | 5,942 |  |  | $ | (727) |  |  | $ | 138 |
Dividends declared ($0.51 per share*) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (105) |  |  | — |  |  | (20) |
Net issuance for executive stock plan | — |  |  | (11) |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net issuance of restricted stock | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 142 |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | 3 |
Balance, September 30, 2020 | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1,128 |  |  | $ | (1,623) |  |  | $ | 5,979 |  |  | $ | (730) |  |  | $ | 161 |

| BorgWarner Inc. stockholders' equity |  |
(in millions) | Issued common stock |  | Capital in excess of par value |  | Treasury stock |  | Retained earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Noncontrolling interests
Balance, December 31, 2018 | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1,146 |  |  | $ | (1,585) |  |  | $ | 5,336 |  |  | $ | (674) |  |  | $ | 119 |
Dividends declared ($0.51 per share*) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (105) |  |  | — |  |  | (29) |
Contributions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Net issuance for executive stock plan | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net issuance of restricted stock | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Purchase of treasury stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (100) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 526 |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (105) |  |  | (7) |
Balance, September 30, 2019 | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1,129 |  |  | $ | (1,653) |  |  | $ | 5,757 |  |  | $ | (779) |  |  | $ | 121 |

____________________________________
* The dividends declared relate to BorgWarner common stock.
(16) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The following tables summarize the activity within Accumulated other comprehensive loss during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

(in millions) |  | Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | Hedge instruments |  | Defined benefit retirement plans |  | Other |  | Total
Beginning balance, June 30, 2020 |  | $ | (557) |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (229) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (787) |
Comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  | 25 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |
Income taxes associated with comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |
Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |
Income taxes reclassified into net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Ending balance, September 30, 2020 |  | $ | (508) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (222) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (730) |

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(in millions) |  | Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | Hedge instruments |  | Defined benefit retirement plans |  | Other |  | Total
Beginning balance, June 30, 2019 |  | $ | (463) |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (208) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (670) |
Comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  | (107) |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | (104) |
Income taxes associated with comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  | (7) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |
Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Income taxes reclassified into net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Ending balance, September 30, 2019 |  | $ | (577) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (204) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (779) |

(in millions) |  | Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | Hedge instruments |  | Defined benefit retirement plans |  | Other |  | Total
Beginning balance, December 31, 2019 |  | $ | (497) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (230) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (727) |
Comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  | (31) |  |  | (1) |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | (19) |
Income taxes associated with comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |
Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (8) |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |
Income taxes reclassified into net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Ending balance, September 30, 2020 |  | $ | (508) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (222) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (730) |

(in millions) |  | Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | Hedge instruments |  | Defined benefit retirement plans |  | Other |  | Total
Beginning balance, December 31, 2018 |  | $ | (441) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (235) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (674) |
Comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  | (127) |  |  | (1) |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | (121) |
Income taxes associated with comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications |  | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (11) |
Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  | 35 |
Income taxes reclassified into net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |
Ending balance, September 30, 2019 |  | $ | (577) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (204) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (779) |

(17) Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company is party to various commercial and legal claims, actions and complaints, including matters involving warranty claims, intellectual property claims, general liability and various other risks. It is not possible to predict with certainty whether or not the Company will ultimately be successful in any of these commercial and legal matters or, if not, what the impact might be. The Company's environmental contingencies are discussed below. The Company's management does not expect that an adverse outcome in any of these other commercial and legal claims, actions and complaints will have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, financial position or cash flows, although such adverse outcome could be material to the results of operations in a particular quarter.
Environmental
The Company and certain of its current and former direct and indirect corporate predecessors, subsidiaries and divisions have been identified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency
24

and certain state environmental agencies and private parties as potentially responsible parties (“PRPs”) at various hazardous waste disposal sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“Superfund”) and equivalent state laws and, as such, may presently be liable for the cost of clean-up and other remedial activities at 14 such sites as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Responsibility for clean-up and other remedial activities at a Superfund site is typically shared among PRPs based on an allocation formula.
The Company believes that none of these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Generally, this is because either the estimates of the maximum potential liability at a site are not material or the liability will be shared with other PRPs, although no assurance can be given with respect to the ultimate outcome of any such matter.
The Company had an accrual for environmental liabilities of $3 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 included in Accounts payable and accrued expenses and Other non-current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. This accrual is based on information available to the Company (which, in most cases, includes an estimate of allocation of liability among PRPs; the probability that other PRPs, many of whom are large, solvent public companies, will fully pay the cost apportioned to them; currently available information from PRPs and/or federal or state environmental agencies concerning the scope of contamination and estimated remediation and consulting costs; and remediation alternatives).
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") I nvestigation
On July 31, 2018, the Division of Enforcement of the SEC informed the Company that it was conducting an investigation related to the Company's historical accounting for asbestos-related claims not yet asserted. The Company fully cooperated with the SEC in connection with its investigation. On August 26, 2020, the SEC announced a settlement with the Company that fully resolved its investigation. Without admitting or denying the SEC’s charges, the Company agreed to the entry of a cease and desist pursuant to the reporting, books and records, and internal controls provisions of the federal securities laws in connection with the Company’s historical accounting for unasserted asbestos-related claims from 2012 to 2016. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company paid a civil penalty of approximately $1 million.
(18) Restructuring
In the first quarter of 2020, the Company initiated a comprehensive plan to reduce existing structural costs. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recognized restructuring expenses of $20 million and $72 million, respectively, associated with this plan.
Engine segment: During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded $15 million and $40 million, respectively, primarily related to severance costs, professional fees and a voluntary termination program. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company also recorded employee termination benefits of $3 million in the Engine segment, reflecting the statutory minimum benefits, related to the announced closure of a facility in Europe, affecting approximately 200 employees.
In 2019, the Company approved actions within the Engine segment to improve future profitability and competitiveness and address non-core product lines. The Company recorded restructuring expense of $3 million and $14 million, respectively, primarily related to professional fees and employee termination benefits, related to these actions. The Company also executed a voluntary termination program in 2019 in its Engine segment which resulted in expense of $10 million and $18 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.
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Drivetrain segment: During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded $3 million and $8 million, respectively, primarily related to severance costs and professional fees. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company also recorded employee termination benefits of $19 million in the Drivetrain segment, reflecting the statutory minimum benefits, related to the announced closure of a facility in Europe, affecting approximately 350 employees.
The employee termination benefits related to the announced plant closures are subject to negotiation with labor unions, which could result in additional employee termination benefits. Future cash payments for these restructuring activities are expected to continue through 2022.
The Company also recorded restructuring expense of $3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, related to Corporate restructuring activities.
Estimates of restructuring expense are based on information available at the time such charges are recorded. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in estimating restructuring expenses, actual amounts paid for such activities may differ from amounts initially recorded. Accordingly, the Company may record revisions of previous estimates by adjusting previously established accruals.
The Company continues to evaluate different options across its operations and to reduce existing structural costs over the next few years. The Company will recognize restructuring expense associated with any future actions at the time they are approved and become probable or are incurred. Any future actions could result in significant restructuring expense.
26

The following tables display a rollforward of the severance accruals recorded within the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the related cash flow activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

|  | Severance Accruals
(in millions) |  | Drivetrain |  | Engine |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 34 |
Provision |  | 1 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 12 |
Cash payments |  | — |  |  | (13) |  |  | (13) |
Balance at March 31, 2020 |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 33 |
Provision |  | 17 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 28 |
Cash payments |  | (1) |  |  | (14) |  |  | (15) |
Balance at June 30, 2020 |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 46 |
Provision |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 10 |
Cash payments |  | (1) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (12) |
Balance at September 30, 2020 |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 44 |

|  | Severance Accruals
(in millions) |  | Drivetrain |  | Engine |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 25 |
Provision |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Cash payments |  | — |  |  | (20) |  |  | (20) |
Balance at March 31, 2019 |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 12 |
Provision |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |
Cash payments |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |
Balance at June 30, 2019 |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 18 |
Provision |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |
Cash payments |  | (1) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (8) |
Balance at September 30, 2019 |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 18 |

(19) Earnings Per Share
The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock (“EPS”). Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net earnings attributable to the Company by the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net earnings attributable to the Company by the weighted average shares of common stock and common stock equivalents outstanding during the reporting period.
The dilutive impact of stock-based compensation is calculated using the treasury stock method. The treasury stock method assumes that the Company uses the assumed proceeds from the exercise of awards to repurchase common stock at the average market price during the period. The assumed proceeds under the treasury stock method include the purchase price that the grantee will pay in the future and compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized. The dilutive effects of performance-based stock awards described in the Note 14, "Stock-Based Compensation," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are included in the computation of diluted earnings per share at the level the related performance criteria are met through the respective balance sheet date. There were 113,532 of adjusted earnings per share performance share units excluded from the computation of the diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 because the related performance criteria had not been met as of the balance sheet date.
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The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share amounts) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Basic earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings attributable to BorgWarner Inc. | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 526 |
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding | 206.0 |  |  | 205.3 |  |  | 205.9 |  |  | 205.9 |
Basic earnings per share of common stock | $ | 0.54 |  |  | $ | 0.94 |  |  | $ | 0.69 |  |  | $ | 2.56 |
Diluted earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings attributable to BorgWarner Inc. | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 526 |
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding | 206.0 |  |  | 205.3 |  |  | 205.9 |  |  | 205.9 |
Effect of stock-based compensation | 1.3 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 0.9 |
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding including dilutive shares | 207.3 |  |  | 206.3 |  |  | 206.7 |  |  | 206.8 |
Diluted earnings per share of common stock | $ | 0.53 |  |  | $ | 0.94 |  |  | $ | 0.69 |  |  | $ | 2.54 |
Anti-dilutive stock-based awards excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share: | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |

(20) Reporting Segments
The Company's business is comprised of two reporting segments: Engine and Drivetrain. These segments are strategic business groups that are managed separately as each represents a specific grouping of related automotive components and systems.
The Company allocates resources to each segment based upon the projected after-tax return on invested capital ("ROIC") of its business initiatives. Adjusted EBIT is comprised of earnings before interest, income taxes and noncontrolling interest (“EBIT") adjusted for restructuring, goodwill impairment charges, affiliates' earnings and other items not reflective of on-going operating income or loss ("Adjusted EBIT"). ROIC is comprised of Adjusted EBIT after deducting notional taxes compared to the projected average capital investment required.
Adjusted EBIT is the measure of segment income or loss used by the Company. The Company believes Adjusted EBIT is most reflective of the operational profitability or loss of its reporting segments. The following tables show segment information and Adjusted EBIT for the Company's reporting segments.
Net Sales by Reporting Segment

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Engine | $ | 1,476 |  |  | $ | 1,514 |  |  | $ | 3,736 |  |  | $ | 4,681 |
Drivetrain | 1,075 |  |  | 993 |  |  | 2,542 |  |  | 2,973 |
Inter-segment eliminations | (17) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (39) |  |  | (45) |
Net sales | $ | 2,534 |  |  | $ | 2,492 |  |  | $ | 6,239 |  |  | $ | 7,609 |

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Adjusted EBIT

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Engine | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | 241 |  |  | $ | 461 |  |  | $ | 731 |
Drivetrain | 131 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 307 |
Adjusted EBIT | 356 |  |  | 341 |  |  | 656 |  |  | 1,038 |
Restructuring expense | 20 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 41 |
Merger, acquisition and divestiture expense | 16 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 10 |
Asset impairments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |
Net gain on insurance recovery for property damage | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |
Unfavorable arbitration loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Officer stock awards modification | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Corporate, including stock-based compensation | 39 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 146 |
Equity in affiliates’ earnings, net of tax | (3) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (10) |  |  | (25) |
Interest income | (3) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (9) |
Interest expense | 20 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 43 |
Other postretirement (income) expense | (2) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (5) |  |  | 26 |
Earnings before income taxes and noncontrolling interest | 272 |  |  | 273 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 790 |
Provision for income taxes | 143 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 230 |
Net earnings | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 207 |  |  | $ | 182 |  |  | $ | 560 |
Net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interest, net of tax | 18 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 34 |
Net earnings attributable to BorgWarner Inc. | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 526 |

Total Assets

| September 30, |  | December 31,
(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019
Engine | $ | 4,451 |  |  | $ | 4,536 |
Drivetrain | 4,082 |  |  | 4,075 |
Total | 8,533 |  |  | 8,611 |
Corporate * | 2,359 |  |  | 1,091 |
Total assets | $ | 10,892 |  |  | $ | 9,702 |

____________________________________
* Corporate assets include cash and cash equivalents, investments and other long-term receivables, and certain deferred income taxes.
(21) Recent Transactions and Events
Acquisition of Delphi Technologies PLC
On October 1, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding ordinary shares of Delphi Technologies pursuant to a transaction agreement dated January 28, 2020, as amended on May 6, 2020. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the Company issued, in exchange for each Delphi Technologies share, 0.4307 of a share of common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share and cash in lieu of any fractional share. In the aggregate, the Company delivered consideration of approximately $2.4 billion, including 37 million shares of common stock, valued at $1.5 billion, repayment of debt of approximately $900 million and stock-based compensation of approximately $15 million. Upon closing, the Company also assumed approximately $800 million in senior notes as discussed below. The acquisition is expected to strengthen the Company’s electronics and power electronics products,
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capabilities and scale, position the Company for greater growth as electrified propulsion systems gain momentum and enhance key combustion, commercial vehicle and aftermarket businesses.
The initial accounting for the business combination is incomplete as of the time of this filing due to the limited amount of time since the acquisition date and the ongoing status of the valuation. Therefore, it is impracticable for the Company to provide the major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the closing date or pro forma revenue and earnings.
On October 5, 2020, the Company completed its offer to exchange approximately $800 million in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 5.000% Senior Notes due 2025 (“DT Notes”) of Delphi Technologies. Approximately $776 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding DT Notes, representing 97% of the $800 million total outstanding principal amount of the DT Notes, were validly exchanged and cancelled for new BorgWarner notes. Following such cancellation, approximately $24 million in aggregate principal amount of the DT Notes will remain outstanding. Since the majority of the notes were exchanged, the Company was able to eliminate substantially all of the restrictive covenants and events of default not related to payment on the $800 million in outstanding Senior Notes.
Romeo Systems, Inc.
In May 2019, the Company invested $50 million in exchange for a 20% equity interest in Romeo, a technology-leading battery module and pack supplier. The Company accounts for this investment in Series A-1 Preferred Stock of Romeo under the measurement alternative in ASC Topic 321, "Investments - Equity Securities" for equity investments without a readily determinable fair value. Such investments are measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, after completing a qualitative assessment which indicated the Company's equity investment in Romeo may have been impaired, the Company recorded a $9 million asset impairment cost to record this investment at its fair value of $41 million. The estimated fair value of Romeo was determined using unobservable inputs including quantitative information from lower valuations in recently completed or proposed financings and the liquidation preferences included in the Romeo stock agreements. These unobservable inputs are considered Level 3.
On October 5, 2020, Romeo entered into a definitive merger agreement with RMG Acquisition Corp., a company listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Upon the closing of this transaction, which is subject to closing conditions, the Company’s ownership in Romeo will be reduced and the investment adjusted to fair value. This event had no impact on the carrying value of the Company's investment at September 30, 2020.
In September 2019, the Company and Romeo contributed total equity of $10 million and formed a new joint venture, BorgWarner Romeo Power LLC (the "Romeo JV"), in which the Company owns a 60% interest.
BorgWarner Morse TEC LLC
Like many other industrial companies that have historically operated in the United States, the Company, or parties that the Company was obligated to indemnify, had been named as one of many defendants in asbestos-related personal injury actions. On October 30, 2019, the Company entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") with Enstar Holdings (US) LLC ("Enstar"). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company transferred 100% of the equity interests of BorgWarner Morse TEC LLC ("Morse TEC") to Enstar. As Morse TEC was the obligor for the Company's asbestos-related liabilities and policyholder of the related insurance assets, the rights and obligations related to these items transferred upon the sale, and pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Morse TEC has indemnified the Company and its affiliates for asbestos-related liabilities as more specifically described in the Purchase Agreement. This indemnification obligation with respect to Asbestos-Related
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Liabilities (as such term is defined in the Purchase Agreement) is not subject to any cap or time limitation. Following the completion of this transfer, the Company has no obligation with respect to previously recorded asbestos-related liabilities. In accordance with ASC Topic 810, "Consolidation," this subsidiary was derecognized as the Company ceased to control the entity, and the Company removed the associated assets and liabilities from the consolidated balance sheet.
Rinehart Motion Systems LLC and AM Racing LLC
On January 2, 2019, the Company acquired Rinehart Motion Systems LLC and AM Racing LLC, two established companies in the specialty electric and hybrid propulsion market, for approximately $15 million, of which $10 million was paid during the first three months of 2019, $2 million was paid during the first three months of 2020 and the remaining $3 million will be paid upon satisfaction of certain conditions.
The Company created Cascadia Motion LLC ("Cascadia Motion") to combine assets and operations of these two acquired companies. Based in Oregon, Cascadia Motion specializes in design, development and production of hybrid and electric propulsion solutions for prototype and low-volume production applications. It allows the Company to offer design, development and production of full electric and hybrid propulsion systems for niche and low-volume manufacturing applications.
Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
INTRODUCTION
BorgWarner Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries (the “Company” or "BorgWarner") is a global product leader in clean and efficient technology solutions for combustion, hybrid, and electric vehicles. Our products help improve vehicle performance, propulsion efficiency, stability and air quality. These products are manufactured and sold worldwide, primarily to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) of light vehicles (passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, vans and light trucks). The Company's products are also sold to other OEMs of commercial vehicles (medium-duty trucks, heavy-duty trucks and buses) and off-highway vehicles (agricultural and construction machinery and marine applications). The Company also manufactures and sells its products to certain tier one vehicle systems suppliers and into the aftermarket for light, commercial and off-highway vehicles. The Company operates manufacturing facilities serving customers in Europe, the Americas and Asia and is an original equipment supplier to nearly every major automotive OEM in the world.
The Company's products fall into two reporting segments: Engine and Drivetrain. The Engine segment's products include turbochargers, timing systems, emissions systems and thermal systems. The Drivetrain segment's products include transmission systems, torque transfer systems and rotating electrical components.
ACQUISITION OF DELPHI TECHNOLOGIES PLC
On October 1, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of Delphi Technologies PLC (“Delphi Technologies”). Refer to Note 21, “Recent Transactions and Events,” to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this report for more information. The closing of the acquisition was subsequent to the end of the Company’s quarter ended September 30, 2020 and, therefore, the results of operations discussed below do not include Delphi Technologies.
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COVID-19/CORONAVIRUS UPDATE
A novel strain of COVID-19/coronavirus ("COVID-19") was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and subsequently declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. To date, COVID-19 has surfaced in nearly all regions around the world and has resulted, at times, in travel restrictions, closing of borders and business slowdowns or shutdowns in affected areas. Furthermore, COVID-19 has impacted and may further impact the broader economies of affected countries, including negatively impacting economic growth, the proper functioning of financial and capital markets, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. The continued spread of COVID-19 has led to disruption and volatility in the global capital markets, which adversely impacts the access to capital and increases the cost of capital.
As a result, COVID-19 continues to impact our business globally. Many OEMs temporarily suspended certain manufacturing operations, particularly in North America and Europe, due to market conditions and matters associated with COVID-19. Significant reductions in automotive or truck production have had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on the Company's sales to OEMs in these regions, which comprised approximately 70% of the Company's total sales in 2019. As a global manufacturer, we have responded to shelter-in-place and similar government orders in various locations around the world, including throughout the United States and Europe. Additionally, our employees must respond to self-isolation and quarantine orders based on circumstances in their local communities, which continues to impact our facilities.
In response to the outbreak and business disruption, we, first and foremost, prioritized the health and safety of our employees. Lessons learned from the first interactions with COVID-19 led to a number of employee safety measures upon reopening to contain the spread, including domestic and international travel restrictions, work-from-home practices, extensive cleaning protocols, social distancing guidelines, requirement for employees to wear masks and various temporary closures of or reduced operations at our manufacturing and assembly facilities.
In April 2020, we implemented a range of actions aimed at temporarily reducing costs and preserving liquidity. These actions included, but were not limited to:
•a tem porary 20% reduction in base salaries of our senior executive leadership team and annual retainers of our non-employee directors;
•up to 10% tem porary base pay reductions for other salaried employees; and
•reductions in discretionary spending, such as outside professional services
Effective September 1, 2020, all of the base pay and annual retainer reductions had been eliminated.
We continue to monitor the evolving situation and guidance from international and domestic authorities, including federal, state and local public health authorities and may take additional actions based on their recommendations. In these circumstances, there may be developments outside our control requiring us to adjust our operating plan. To date, COVID-19 has had a material adverse impact on our revenue and overall profitability, primarily in our quarter ended June 30, 2020, including a volatile effective tax rate driven by changes in the mix of earnings across our jurisdictions. While production levels returned in the third quarter and revenue and profitability improved, it is possible COVID-19 could result in adverse impacts in the future. Although our operations have resumed, we cannot reasonably estimate the full impacts of COVID-19 on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in the future.
As of September 30, 2020, we had liquidity of $3,621 million, comprised of cash and cash equivalent balances of $2,121 million and an undrawn revolving credit facility of $1,500 million. We were in full
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compliance with our covenants under the revolving credit facility and had full access to our undrawn revolving credit facility. In addition, Delphi Technologies had approximately $500 million of cash and cash equivalents immediately prior to the closing of the transaction. With the completion of the Delphi Technologies acquisition on October 1, 2020, the multi-currency revolving credit agreement automatically increased to $2.0 billion, and the Company used approximately $900 million of cash to repay Delphi Technologies outstanding term loan and revolver. Debt maturities through the end of 2021 total $49 million and include $47 million in short-term borrowings and $2 million in current portion of long-term borrowings. Given our strong liquidity position, w e believe that the Company will have sufficient liquidity and maintain compliance with all covenants throughout the next 12 months even in an environment with significantly lower OEM production volumes.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2020 totaled $2,534 million, an increase of 1.7% from the three months ended September 30, 2019. Excluding the impact of stronger foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, primarily the Euro, net sales increased approximately 0.8% as increased demand for the Company’s products offset lower industry production volume.
Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was 79.6% during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 79.0% during the three months ended September 30, 2019. Gross profit and gross margin were $517 million and 20.4% during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $524 million and 21.0% during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The Company's material cost of sales was 55.7% and 54.8% of net sales during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. This increase was partially offset by reductions in employee costs.
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were $204 million as compared to $230 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. SG&A as a percentage of net sales was 8.1% and 9.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The $26 million reduction in SG&A was primarily due to a decrease in compensation-related costs and foreign currency transaction losses. Research and Development ("R&D") expenses, net of customer reimbursements, which are included in SG&A expenses, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, are $100 million as compared to $102 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. R&D as a percentage of net sales was 3.9% and 4.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company's current long-term expectation for R&D spending remains in the range of 4.0% to 4.5% of net sales.
Other expense, net of $29 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 includes $20 million of restructuring expense mainly related to actions to reduce structural costs, and $16 million of merger, acquisition and divestiture expenses, primarily professional fees related to the Company's acquisition of Delphi Technologies, partially offset by $3 million of net gain from insurance recovery proceeds associated with property damages.
Other expense, net of $18 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily included $14 million of restructuring expense primarily related to actions to reduce structural costs and $4 million of expenses, primarily professional fees, related to the Company's review of strategic acquisition and divestiture targets, including the 20% equity interest in Romeo Systems, Inc. and the divestiture activities for the non-core pipe and thermostat product lines.
Equity in affiliates’ earnings, net of tax, of $3 million decreased $4 million as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2019 due to lower industry volumes and cost pressures.
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Interest expense of $20 million increased $5 million as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due t o the Company's $1.1 billion senior notes issuance in June 2020.
The Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was 52.6%. This rate was unfavorably impacted by $51 million of additional income tax expense in the quarter ended September 30, 2020, primarily related to final U.S Treasury regulations that were issued in the third quarter.
The Company’s earnings per diluted share were $0.53 and $0.94 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company believes the following table is useful in highlighting non-comparable items that impacted its earnings per diluted share.

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Non-comparable items: |  |  |
Restructuring expense | $ | (0.07) |  |  | $ | (0.04) |
Merger, acquisition and divestiture expense | (0.04) |  |  | (0.02) |
Net gain on insurance recovery for property damage | 0.01 |  |  | — |
Tax adjustments | (0.25) |  |  | 0.04 |
Total impact of non-comparable items per share — diluted | $ | (0.35) |  |  | $ | (0.02) |

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 vs. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 totaled $6,239 million, an 18.0% decrease from the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Excluding the impact of weaker foreign currencies, primarily the Chinese Renminbi, Brazilian Real and Korean Won, and the net impact of acquisitions and divestitures, net sales decreased approximately 16.8%, primarily due to COVID-19 related production slowdowns and shutdowns during the first six months.
Cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was 81.8% during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 79.6% during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Gross profit and gross margin were $1,138 million and 18.2% during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $1,556 million and 20.4% during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in gross margin is primarily due to the impact of lower sales. The Company's material cost of sales was 55.4% and 55.2% of net sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company took numerous steps to eliminate costs in line with the lower revenue; however, certain fixed costs could not be reduced on a temporary basis, which led to a higher cost of sales as a percentage of sales as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
SG&A expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are $601 million as compared to $668 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to a decrease in compensation-related costs, discretionary spending, and R&D expenses. SG&A as a percentage of net sales was 9.6% and 8.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. R&D expenses, which are included in SG&A expenses, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, are $297 million as compared to $319 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. R&D as a percentage of net sales was 4.8% and 4.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Other expense, net of $142 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 includes $72 million of restructuring expense mainly related to actions to reduce structural costs, $58 million of merger, acquisition and divestiture expenses, primarily professional fees related to the Company's acquisition of Delphi Technologies, and $26 million of asset impairment costs partially offset by $9 million of net gain
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from insurance recovery proceeds associated with property damages. Over the next few years, the Company plans to take additional actions to reduce existing structural costs, including those actions already announced in 2020. These actions are expected to result in primarily cash restructuring costs in the $275 million to $300 million range through the end of 2023, of which $72 million has been recognized as of September 30, 2020. The resulting annual cost savings are expected to be in the range of approximately $90 million to $100 million by 2023. The Company plans to utilize these savings to sustain the Company’s strong operating margin profile and long-term cost competitiveness.
Other expense, net of $63 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily included $41 million of restructuring expenses mainly related to actions within the Engine segment designed to improve future profitability and competitiveness, $14 million of expenses related to the receipt of a final unfavorable arbitration decision associated with the resolution of a matter related to a previous acquisition, and $10 million of expenses, primarily professional fees, related to the Company's review of strategic acquisition and divestiture targets, including the 20% equity interest in Romeo and the divestiture activities for the non-core pipe and thermostat product lines.
Equity in affiliates’ earnings, net of tax, of $10 million decreased $15 million as compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2019 due to lower industry volumes and cost pressures.
Interest expense of $50 million increased $7 million as compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the Company's $1.1 billion senior notes issuance in June 2020 and a decrease in capitalized interest, partially offset by the 2019 repayment of $134 million in senior notes.
Other postretirement income of $5 million was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to expense of $26 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily related to a non-cash settlement loss of $26 million associated with the accelerated recognition of unamortized losses. Refer to Note 13, "Retirement Benefit Plans," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
The Company's effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was 50.5%. This rate was unfavorably impacted by $51 million of additional income tax expense in the quarter ended
September 30, 2020, primarily related to final U.S Treasury regulations that were issued in the third quarter. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 net increases to income tax expense were $44 million, as certain tax law changes in India in the Company's first quarter of 2020 and the release of certain unrecognized tax benefits due to closure of an audit partially offset by the additional income tax expense recognized in the third quarter. The Company’s effective tax rate was also unfavorably impacted by $156 million of restructuring expenses and merger, acquisition and divestiture expenses and asset impairment charges that were largely non-deductible for tax purposes. The Company recognized $23 million of tax benefit associated with these expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Excluding the impact of these non-comparable items, the Company estimated its annual effective tax rate associated with ongoing operations to be approximately 32% for the year ending December 31, 2020.
The Company's effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was 29.2%. This rate includes reductions of income tax expenses of $11 million related to restructuring expense, $6 million related to other postretirement expense, and $13 million for other reductions to income tax expense. This rate also includes an increase in income tax expense of $22 million due to the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s issuance of the final regulations during the first three months of 2019 related to the calculation of the one-time transition tax associated with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.
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The Company’s earnings per diluted share were $0.69 and $2.54 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company believes the following table is useful in highlighting non-comparable items that impacted its earnings per diluted share.

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Non-comparable items: |  |  |
Restructuring expense | $ | (0.29) |  |  | $ | (0.15) |
Merger, acquisition and divestiture expense | (0.24) |  |  | (0.04) |
Asset impairments | (0.11) |  |  | — |
Net gain on insurance proceeds for property damage | 0.04 |  |  | — |
Delayed-draw term loan cancellation | (0.01) |  |  | — |
Pension settlement loss | — |  |  | (0.10) |
Unfavorable arbitration loss | — |  |  | (0.07) |
Officer stock awards modification | — |  |  | (0.01) |
Tax adjustments | (0.21) |  |  | (0.04) |
Total impact of non-comparable items per share - diluted | $ | (0.82) |  |  | $ | (0.41) |

Reporting Segments
The Company's business is comprised of two reporting segments: Engine and Drivetrain. These segments are strategic business groups, which are managed separately as each represents a specific grouping of related automotive components and systems.
The Company allocates resources to each segment based upon the projected after-tax return on invested capital ("ROIC") of its business initiatives. ROIC is comprised of Adjusted EBIT after deducting notional taxes compared to the projected average capital investment required. Adjusted EBIT is comprised of earnings before interest, income taxes and noncontrolling interest (“EBIT") adjusted for restructuring, goodwill impairment charges, affiliates' earnings and other items not reflective of on-going operating income or loss.
Adjusted EBIT is the measure of segment income or loss used by the Company. The Company believes Adjusted EBIT is most reflective of the operational profitability or loss of our reporting segments. The following tables show segment information and Adjusted EBIT for the Company's reporting segments.
Net Sales by Reporting Segment

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Engine | $ | 1,476 |  |  | $ | 1,514 |  |  | $ | 3,736 |  |  | $ | 4,681 |
Drivetrain | 1,075 |  |  | 993 |  |  | 2,542 |  |  | 2,973 |
Inter-segment eliminations | (17) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (39) |  |  | (45) |
Net sales | $ | 2,534 |  |  | $ | 2,492 |  |  | $ | 6,239 |  |  | $ | 7,609 |

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Adjusted EBIT

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Engine | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | 241 |  |  | $ | 461 |  |  | $ | 731 |
Drivetrain | 131 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 307 |
Adjusted EBIT | 356 |  |  | 341 |  |  | 656 |  |  | 1,038 |
Restructuring expense | 20 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 41 |
Merger, acquisition and divestiture expense | 16 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 10 |
Asset impairments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |
Net gain on insurance recovery for property damage | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |
Unfavorable arbitration loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Officer stock awards modification | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Corporate, including stock-based compensation | 39 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 146 |
Equity in affiliates’ earnings, net of tax | (3) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (10) |  |  | (25) |
Interest income | (3) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (9) |
Interest expense | 20 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 43 |
Other postretirement (income) expense | (2) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (5) |  |  | 26 |
Earnings before income taxes and noncontrolling interest | 272 |  |  | 273 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 790 |
Provision for income taxes | 143 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 230 |
Net earnings | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 207 |  |  | $ | 182 |  |  | $ | 560 |
Net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interest, net of tax | 18 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 34 |
Net earnings attributable to BorgWarner Inc. | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 526 |

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
The Engine segment net sales decreased $38 million, or 2.5%, from the three months ended September 30, 2019. Excluding the impact of stronger foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, primarily the Euro, net sales decreased approximately 3.6% from the three months ended September 30, 2019, due primarily due to lower industry production which was partially offset by growing demand for the Company’s products. The Engine segment Adjusted EBIT margin was 15.2% during the three months ended September 30, 2020, down from 15.9% during the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the impact of lower sales.
The Drivetrain segment net sales increased $82 million, or 8.3%, from the three months ended September 30, 2019. Excluding the impact of stronger foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, primarily the Euro, net sales increased approximately 7.7% from the three months ended September 30, 2019, due to increased demand for the Company’s products, primarily in China. The Drivetrain segment Adjusted EBIT margin was 12.2% during the three months ended September 30, 2020 up from 10.1% during the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the impact of higher sales.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 vs. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
The Engine segment net sales decr eased $945 million, or 20.2%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Excluding the impact of weaker foreign currencies, primarily the Chinese Renminbi, Brazilian Real and Korean Won, and the net impact of acquisitions and divestitures, net sales decreased approximately 18.8% from the nine months ended September 30, 2019, due primarily to production disruptions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Engine segment Adjusted EBIT margin was 12.3% during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, down from 15.6% during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the impact of lower sales.
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The Drivetrain segment net sales decreased $431 million, or 14.5%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Excluding the impact of weaker foreign currencies, primarily the Chinese Renminbi, Brazilian Real and Korean Won, net sales decreased approximately 13.6% from the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to production disruptions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Drivetrain segment Adjusted EBIT margin was 7.7% during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, down from 10.3% during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the impact of lower sales.
Outlook
The Company expects industry production to significantly decline in Europe, North America and China during 2020 driven mainly by the negative production impact caused by COVID-19. Net new business-related sales growth, due to increased penetration of BorgWarner products around the world, is expected to only partially offset the impact of declining global industry production expected. As a result, the Company expects declining revenue in 2020, excluding the impact of foreign currencies and the net impact of acquisitions and divestitures.
The Company maintains a positive long-term outlook for its global business and is committed to new product development and strategic capital investments to enhance its product leadership strategy. The several trends that are driving the Company's long-term growth are expected to continue, including increased turbocharger adoption in North America and Asia, the increased adoption of automated transmissions in Asia Pacific, and increased global penetration of all-wheel drive. The Company's long-term growth is also expected to benefit from the adoption of product offerings for hybrid and electric vehicles.
FINANCIAL CONDITION, CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
The Company maintains various liquidity sources, including cash and cash equivalents and the unused portion of its multi-currency revolving credit agreement. At September 30, 2020, the Company had $2,121 million of cash and cash equivalents, of which $757 million was held by our subsidiaries outside the United States. Cash held by these subsidiaries is used to fund foreign operational activities and future investments, including acquisitions.
The majority of cash held outside the United States is available for repatriation. The Company uses its U.S. liquidity primarily for various corporate purposes, including but not limited to debt service, share repurchases, dividend distributions and other corporate expenses.
On June 19, 2020, in anticipation of the acquisition of Delphi Technologies and to refinance the Company's $250 million 4.625% senior notes due in September 2020, the Company issued $1.1 billion in 2.650% senior notes due July 2027. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 1 and July 1 of each year. These senior notes are not guaranteed by any of the Company’s subsidiaries.
On March 13, 2020, the Company amended its multi-currency revolving credit facility by increasing the size of the facility from $1.2 billion to $1.5 billion and by extending the maturity until March 13, 2025. The multi-currency revolving credit agreement automatically increased to $2.0 billion upon the closing of the acquisition of Delphi Technologies on October 1, 2020. Additionally, the agreement allows the Company the ability to increase the facility by $1.0 billion with bank group approval. The credit agreement contains customary events of default and one key financial covenant, which is a debt to Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization ("EBITDA") ratio. The Company was in compliance with the financial covenant at September 30, 2020. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under this facility.
The Company's commercial paper program allows the Company to issue up to $1.5 billion of short-term, unsecured commercial paper notes under the limits of its multi-currency revolving credit facility. The
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commercial paper program automatically increased to $2.0 billion upon the closing of the acquisition of Delphi Technologies on October 1, 2020. Under this program, the Company may issue notes from time to time and use the proceeds for general corporate purposes. The Company had no outstanding borrowings under this program as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
In addition to the credit facility, the Company's universal shelf registration provides the ability to issue various debt and equity instruments subject to market conditions.
On February 12, 2020, April 29, 2020, and July 29, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors declared quarterly cash dividends of $0.17 per share of common stock. The dividends were paid on March 16, 2020, June 15, 2020, and September 15, 2020, respectively.
From a credit quality perspective, the Company had a credit rating of BBB+ from both Standard & Poor's and Fitch Ratings and Baa1 from Moody's as of December 31, 2019, with a stable outlook from all rating agencies. On January 28, 2020, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Delphi Technologies. During 2020, due to the recent business disruptions from COVID-19 and uncertainties surrounding the Delphi Technologies acquisition, Standard & Poor's downgraded the Company's rating from BBB+ with a stable outlook to BBB with a negative outlook. Additionally, Moody's and Fitch have adjusted their outlooks from stable to negative but have maintained the Company's credit ratings at Baa1 and BBB+, respectively. None of the Company's debt agreements require accelerated repayment in the event of a downgrade in credit ratings.
Net cash provided by operating activities decreased to $808 million during the first nine months of 2020 from $824 million during the first nine months of 2019. The $16 million decrease in cash provided by operating activities is primarily due to lower net earnings adjusted for non-cash charges to operations, partially offset by favorable changes in working capital.
Net cash used in investing activities decreased to $249 million during the first nine months of 2020 from $380 million during the first nine months of 2019. This decrease is primarily due to reductions in capital expenditures and 2019 acquisitions of Romeo, Rinehart Motion Systems LLC and AM Racing LLC, partially offset by 2019 proceeds from the sale of the non-core pipe and thermostat product lines.
Net cash provided by financing activities of $711 million during the first nine months of 2020 increased $959 million compared to net cash used by financing activities of $248 million during the first nine months of 2019. This increase is primarily driven by the Company's issuance of $1.1 billion in 2.650% senior notes, partially offset by the repayment of $250 million in 4.625% senior notes, during the first nine months of 2020 and share repurchases that totaled $100 million during the first nine months of 2019.
COVID-19 has resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant disruption of global financial markets, which may reduce the Company's ability to access capital or its customers’ ability to pay the Company for past or future purchases, which could negatively affect the Company's liquidity. The Company, however, believes that the combination of cash balances, cash from operations, available credit facilities, and the universal shelf registration capacity will be sufficient to satisfy its cash needs for current level of operations, planned operations for the foreseeable future, the current share repurchase program and the acquisition of Delphi Technologies. The Company currently intends to continue its balanced approach to capital allocation by investing capital in support of organic growth, inorganic growth, and returning capital to stockholders.
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CONTINGENCIES
In the normal course of business, the Company is party to various commercial and legal claims, actions and complaints, including matters involving warranty claims, intellectual property claims, general liability and various other risks. It is not possible to predict with certainty whether or not the Company will ultimately be successful in any of these commercial and legal matters or, if not, what the impact might be. The Company's environmental contingencies are discussed below. The Company's management does not expect that an adverse outcome in any of these other commercial and legal claims, actions and complaints will have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, financial position or cash flows, although such adverse outcome could be material to the results of operations in a particular quarter.
Environmental
The Company and certain of its current and former direct and indirect corporate predecessors, subsidiaries and divisions have been identified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and certain state environmental agencies and private parties as potentially responsible parties (“PRPs”) at various hazardous waste disposal sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“Superfund”) and equivalent state laws and, as such, may presently be liable for the cost of clean-up and other remedial activities at 14 such sites as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Responsibility for clean-up and other remedial activities at a Superfund site is typically shared among PRPs based on an allocation formula.
The Company believes that none of these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Generally, this is because either the estimates of the maximum potential liability at a site are not material or the liability will be shared with other PRPs, although no assurance can be given with respect to the ultimate outcome of any such matter.
Refer to Note 17, "Contingencies," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details and information respecting the Company’s environmental liability.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 2, "New Accounting Pronouncements," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed description of new applicable accounting pronouncements.
Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There have been no material changes t o the information concerning our exposures to interest rate risk or commodity price risk as stated in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Foreign currency exchange rate risk is the risk that the Company will incur economic losses due to adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Currently, the Company's most significant currency exposures relate to the Chinese Renminbi, Euro, Hungarian Forint, Japanese Yen, Mexican Peso, Swedish Krona and South Korean Won. The Company mitigates its foreign currency exchange rate risk by establishing local production facilities and related supply chain participants in the markets it serves, by invoicing customers in the same currency as the source of the products and by funding some of its investments in foreign markets through local currency loans. The Company also monitors its foreign currency exposure in each country and implements strategies to respond to changing economic and political environments. In addition, the Company periodically enters into forward currency contracts in
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order to reduce exposure to exchange rate risk related to transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency.
The foreign currency translation adjustments contained within the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income represent the foreign currency translational impacts of converting its non-U.S. dollar subsidiaries' financial statements to the Company’s reporting currency (U.S. dollar) and the related gains and losses arising from its net investment hedges.
The foreign currency translation adjustments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are shown in the following table, which provides the percentage change in U.S. dollar against the respective currencies and the approximate impacts of these changes on the respective periods.

(in millions, except for percentages) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Chinese renminbi | 4 | % |  | $ | 51 |  |  | 3 | % |  | $ | 35 |
Korean won | 3 | % |  | $ | 15 |  |  | (1) | % |  | $ | 1 |
Swedish krona | 4 | % |  | $ | (8) |  |  | 5 | % |  | $ | (8) |
British pound | 4 | % |  | $ | 6 |  |  | (3) | % |  | $ | (11) |
Euro | 4 | % |  | $ | (9) |  |  | 5 | % |  | $ | 5 |
Brazilian real | (3) | % |  | $ | (2) |  |  | (28) | % |  | $ | (24) |

The foreign currency translation adjustment loss of $114 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to the impact of a strengthening U.S. dollar against the Euro, Chinese Renminbi and Korean Won, which increased approximately 4% against each currency from June 30, 2019. The foreign currency translation adjustment loss of $136 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to the impact of a strengthening U.S. dollar against the Euro, Chinese Renminbi and Korean Won, which increased approximately 5%, 4% and 7% from December 31, 2018, respectively.
Item 4.Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these controls and procedures are effective. There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.Legal Proceedings
The Company is subject to a number of claims and judicial and administrative proceedings (some of which involve substantial amounts) arising out of the Company’s business or relating to matters for which the Company may have a contractual indemnity obligation. Refer to Note 17, "Contingencies," to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for a discussion of environmental and other litigation which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, there have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, except as described below:
Risks related to our business
The risk factor disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 titled “Our proposed acquisition of Delphi Technologies is subject to conditions, as well as other uncertainties, and there can be no assurances as to whether or when it may be completed. Failure to complete the proposed transaction could adversely affect our business.” is replaced in its entirety with the following risk factor:
The failure to realize the expected benefits of the acquisition of Delphi Technologies PLC and other risks associated with the acquisition could adversely affect our business.
The success of our acquisition of Delphi Technologies PLC (“Delphi Technologies”) will depend in part on our ability to realize the expected benefits from combining the businesses of the Company and Delphi Technologies. To realize these anticipated benefits, our businesses and Delphi Technologies’ businesses must be successfully combined, which is subject to our ability to consolidate operations, corporate cultures and systems and our ability to eliminate redundancies and costs. If we are unsuccessful in combining our businesses and Delphi Technologies’ businesses, the anticipated benefits of the acquisition may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer to realize than expected. Further, there is potential for unknown or inestimable liabilities relating to the acquired Delphi Technologies’ businesses. In addition, the actual integration may result in additional and unforeseen expenses, which could reduce the anticipated benefits of the acquisition.
The combination of two independent businesses is a complex, costly and time-consuming process that will require significant management attention and resources. It is possible that the integration process could result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of our ongoing operations and businesses, the inability to maintain and increase our competitive presence, inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies, difficulties in achieving anticipated cost savings, synergies, business opportunities and growth prospects from the acquisition, the diversion of management’s attention to integration matters and/or difficulties in the assimilation of employees and corporate cultures. Any or all of these factors could adversely affect our ability to maintain relationships with customers and employees or to achieve the anticipated benefits of the acquisition, and could have an adverse effect on the combined company. In addition, many of these factors are outside of our control, and any one of these factors could result in increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues and additional diversion of management’s time and energy, which could materially adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Other risks
We face risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic that could adversely affect our business and financial performance.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted, and is likely to continue to disrupt, the global automotive industry and customer sales, production volumes, and purchases of light vehicles by end consumers. Global vehicle production has decreased, and some vehicle manufacturers have, at times, completely shut down manufacturing operations in some countries and regions, including the United States and Europe. As a result, we have experienced, and are likely to continue to experience, delays in the production and distribution of our products and the loss of sales. If the global economic effects caused by COVID-19 continue or increase, overall customer demand may continue to decrease, which could have a further adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Global government directives and initiatives to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, such as the imposition of travel restrictions, closing of borders, stay-at-home directives and closing of entire plants, cities and countries, have materially impacted our operations. Furthermore, COVID-19 has impacted and may further impact the broader economies of affected countries, including negatively impacting economic growth, the proper functioning of financial and capital markets, foreign currency exchange rates, and interest rates. For example, the continued spread of COVID-19 has led to disruption and volatility in the global capital markets, which adversely impacts access to capital and increases the cost of capital.
Due to the uncertainty of its duration and the timing of recovery, we are not able at this time to predict the extent to which COVID-19 may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results. The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on our operational and financial performance, including our ability to execute our business strategies and initiatives in the expected time frames, will depend on future developments, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of COVID-19, its severity, the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, related restrictions on travel, and the duration, timing and severity of the impact on customer production, including any recession resulting from COVID-19, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. A continued extension period of global supply chain and economic disruption as a result of COVID-19 would have a further material negative impact on our business, results of operations, access to sources of liquidity and financial condition, though the full extent and duration are uncertain.
In addition to the risks specifically described above, the impact of COVID-19 is likely to implicate and exacerbate other risks disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
In January 2020, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to $1 billion of the Company's common stock, which replaced the previous share repurchase program. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had not repurchased any shares under this common stock repurchase program. All shares purchased under this authorization will be repurchased in the open market at prevailing prices and at times and in amounts to be determined by management as market conditions and the Company's capital position warrant. The Company may use Rule 10b5-1 and 10b-18 plans to facilitate share repurchases. Repurchased shares will be deemed common stock held in treasury and may subsequently be reissued.
Employee transactions include restricted stock withheld to offset statutory minimum tax withholding that occurs upon vesting of restricted stock. The BorgWarner Inc. 2014 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, and the BorgWarner Inc. 2018 Stock Incentive Plan provide that the withholding obligations be
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settled by the Company retaining stock that is part of the award. Withheld shares will be deemed common stock held in treasury and may subsequently be reissued for general corporate purposes.
The following table provides information about the Company's purchases of its equity securities that are registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act during the quarter ended September 30, 2020:

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period |  | Total number of shares purchased |  | Average price per share |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs |  | Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under plans or programs (in millions)
Month Ended July 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common Stock Repurchase Program |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,000 |
Employee transactions |  | 1,247 |  |  | $ | 36.61 |  |  | — |  |  |
Month Ended August 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common Stock Repurchase Program |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,000 |
Employee transactions |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Month Ended September 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common Stock Repurchase Program |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,000 |
Employee transactions |  | 2,756 |  |  | 42.07 |  | — |  |  |

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Item 6.Exhibits

| Exhibit 4.1 |  | S event h Supplemental Indenture, dated October 5, 2020, between BorgWarner Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (including the form s of Global Note s attached as Exhibit A and Exhibit B to the S ev en th Supplemental Indenture) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 5, 2020).
| Exhibit 31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer.*
| Exhibit 31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer.*
| Exhibit 32.1 |  | Section 1350 Certifications.*
| Exhibit 101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.*
| Exhibit 101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.*
| Exhibit 101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.*
| Exhibit 101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*
| Exhibit 101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.*
| Exhibit 104.1 |  | The cover page from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, formatted as Inline XBRL.*

____________________________________
*Filed herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, and the undersigned also has signed this report in his capacity as the Registrant’s Controller (Principal Accounting Officer).

|  |  | BorgWarner Inc. |
|  |  | (Registrant) |
| By |  | /s/ Daniel R. Etue |
|  |  | (Signature) |
|  |  | Daniel R. Etue |
|  |  | Vice President and Controller |
|  |  | (Principal Accounting Officer) |

Date: October 29, 2020
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