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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Research and Development [Abstract] |
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS The Company’s net Research & Development (“R&D”) expenditures are primarily included in Selling, general and administrative expenses of the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Customer reimbursements are netted against gross R&D expenditures as they are considered a recovery of cost. Customer reimbursements for prototypes are recorded net of prototype costs based on customer contracts, typically either when the prototype is shipped or when it is accepted by the customer. Customer reimbursements for engineering services are recorded when performance obligations are satisfied in accordance with the contract. Financial risks and rewards transfer upon shipment, acceptance of a prototype component by the customer or upon completion of the performance obligation as stated in the respective customer agreement. The Company has various customer arrangements relating to R&D activities that it performs at its various R&D locations. The following table presents the Company’s gross and net expenditures on R&D activities:
| Year Ended December 31,
(in millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Gross R&D expenditures | $ | 872 |  |  | $ | 856 |  |  | $ | 787 |
Customer reimbursements | (136) |  |  | (139) |  |  | (86) |
Net R&D expenditures | $ | 736 |  |  | $ | 717 |  |  | $ | 701 |
Net R&D expenditures as a percentage of net sales were 5.2%, 5.1% and 5.5% for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for research, development, and computer software activities, including contracts and arrangements to be performed for others and with federal government. Includes costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility and in-process research and development acquired in a business combination consummated during the period. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 985 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/985-20/tableOfContent Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 730 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483041/730-20-50-1 + Details
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