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Debt
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
DEBT OBLIGATIONS
NON-RECOURSE DEBT — Non-recourse debt represents debt issued by one of our subsidiaries to be repaid solely from the subsidiary's assets. Repayments of the loans, and interest thereon, is secured solely by the capital stock, physical assets, contracts, and cash flows of that subsidiary, and the Parent Company is not otherwise liable for such debt. The following table summarizes the carrying amount and terms of non-recourse debt at our subsidiaries, excluding amounts classified as held for sale, as of the periods indicated (in millions):
NON-RECOURSE DEBTWeighted Average Interest RateMaturityDecember 31,
20242023
Variable Rate:
Bank loans (1)
6.49%2025 - 2038$5,132 $5,568 
Notes and bonds8.00%2025105 1,768 
Revolver borrowings
6.25%2025 - 20283,147 2,356 
Other11.15%203016 31 
Fixed Rate:
Bank loans6.55%2025 - 20642,610 1,473 
Notes and bonds5.23%2025 - 207911,737 11,228 
Other (2)
9.38%2025 - 2061297 53 
Unamortized (discount) premium & debt issuance (costs), net(301)(333)
Subtotal $22,743 $22,144 
Less: Current maturities (3) (4)
(2,670)(3,924)
Noncurrent maturities (3) (4)
$20,073 $18,220 
_____________________________
(1)    Variable rate bank loans as of December 31, 2023 includes $249 million at Dominican Republic Renewables, which was classified as held and used as of December 31, 2023, but is classified as held-for-sale as of December 31, 2024. See Note 25—Held-for-Sale and Dispositions for further information.
(2)    Other fixed rate debt includes $250 million related to preferred shares that include mandatory redemption features at Bellefield Equity Holdings and are therefore classified as a liability under ASC 480 as of December 31, 2024.
(3)    Excludes $18 million and $8 million (current) and $553 million and $262 million (noncurrent) finance lease liabilities included in the respective non-recourse debt line items on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See Note 15—Leases for further information.
(4)    Includes $650 million (current) and $8.2 billion (noncurrent) of non-recourse debt related to VIEs as of December 31, 2024.
The interest rate on variable rate debt represents the total of a variable component that is based on changes in an interest rate index and a fixed component. The Company has interest rate swap agreements that economically fix the variable component of the interest rates on the portion of the variable rate debt being hedged in an aggregate notional principal amount of approximately $3.7 billion on non-recourse debt outstanding at December 31, 2024.
The following table summarizes the amounts due under our non-recourse debt agreements for the next five years and thereafter, as of December 31, 2024 (in millions):
December 31,Annual Maturities
2025$2,678 
20264,858 
20273,052 
2028993 
20291,796 
Thereafter9,667 
Unamortized (discount) premium & debt issuance (costs), net(301)
Total$22,743 
As of December 31, 2024, AES subsidiaries had approximately $1.7 billion in various unused committed credit lines to support their working capital, debt service reserves, and other business needs. These credit lines can be used for borrowings, letters of credit, or a combination of these uses.
Significant transactions — During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company’s following subsidiaries had significant debt issuances (in millions):
Subsidiary
Issuances (1)
AES Clean Energy$3,219 
AES Indiana (2)
1,450 
AES Andes1,248 
_____________________________
(1)These amounts do not include revolving credit facility activity at the Company's subsidiaries.
(2)Issuances related to both AES Indiana and its parent company, IPALCO.
AES Clean Energy — In December 2024, Bellefield 2 Seller, LLC executed a construction, tax equity bridge, and letter of credit financing agreement for commitments of up to $1.7 billion. As of December 31, 2024, there were $394 million in borrowings under the facilities at an interest rate of 5.70%, maturing in 2026.
In November 2024, AES Clean Energy, AES Clean Energy Development, and Bellefield Equity Holdings LLC ("Bellefield") entered into several key agreements with HASI, including an investment agreement under which HASI invested $250 million in Bellefield in exchange for a preferred membership interest. AES Clean Energy holds a call option under which there is an unconditional obligation to redeem HASI’s preferred shares in Bellefield at the earlier of the substantial completion date or December 1, 2026, with the redemption amount consisting of the initial investment plus a 10% internal rate of return. As the call option on the preferred shares includes mandatory redemption features, the instrument was classified as a liability under ASC 480 and was recorded at its fair value, which equals the gross proceeds received of $250 million. The instrument will be accreted to its redemption amount using the effective interest method.
In July 2024, AES Clean Energy Development executed a construction loan that includes letters of credit to further support the construction and operation of certain projects. As of December 31, 2024, there were no borrowings under the agreement.
In December 2023, Bellefield Portfolio Seller, LLC and Bellefield 1 Finco, LLC, subsidiaries of AES Clean Energy Development, executed a construction, tax equity bridge, and letter of credit financing agreement for commitments of up to $2.4 billion due in 2026. As of December 31, 2024, there was $1.7 billion in outstanding borrowings under the facilities, and the net proceeds were used primarily to repay existing indebtedness and to fund development of renewables projects.
In October 2023, Rexford I Holdings, LLC, a subsidiary of AES Renewable Holdings, executed a $300 million bridge loan due in 2024. The net proceeds from this issuance were used primarily to fund development of renewables projects. The bridge loan was repaid in July 2024.
In December 2022, AES Clean Energy Development, AES Renewable Holdings, and sPower, an equity method investment, collectively referred to as the Issuers, entered into a Master Indenture agreement whereby long-term notes will be issued from time to time to finance or refinance operating wind, solar, and storage projects that are owned by the Issuers. On December 13, 2022, the Issuers entered into the Note Purchase Agreement for the issuance of up to $647 million of 6.55% Senior Notes due in 2047. The Notes were sold on December 14, 2022, at par for $647 million. The Issuers have executed amendments to the Note Purchase Agreement, which have resulted in an aggregate principal amount of notes issued of $2.2 billion as of December 31, 2024, including $491 million in 6.81% notes issued in May 2024, and $842 million in 6.04% notes issued in November 2024. Each of the Issuers is considered a “Co-Issuer” and will be jointly and severally liable with each other Co-Issuer for all obligations under the facility. As a result of the notes issued in 2024, AES Clean Energy Development and AES Renewable Holdings recorded, in aggregate, an increase in liabilities of $1.1 billion, resulting in an aggregate carrying amount of notes of $1.4 billion as of December 31, 2024.
In 2021, AES Clean Energy Development, AES Renewable Holdings, and sPower, collectively referred to as the Borrowers, executed two Credit Agreements with aggregate commitments of $1.2 billion and maturity dates in December 2024 and September 2025. The Borrowers executed amendments to the revolving credit facilities, which resulted in an aggregate increase in the commitments of $2.6 billion, bringing the total commitments under the new agreements to $3.8 billion. Under 2024 amendments, the maturity dates of the Credit Agreements were extended to
May 2027 and June 2028. Each of the Borrowers is considered a “Co-Borrower” and will be jointly and severally liable with each other Co-Borrower for all obligations under the facilities. As a result of increases in commitments used and net of repayments, AES Clean Energy Development and AES Renewable Holdings recorded, in aggregate, an increase in liabilities of $638 million in 2024, resulting in total commitments used under the revolving credit facilities, as of December 31, 2024, of $2.9 billion. As of December 31, 2024, the aggregate commitments used under the revolving credit facilities for the Co-Borrowers was $3.1 billion.
AES Indiana — In August 2024, AES Indiana entered into an unsecured $400 million 364-day term loan agreement, maturing August 2025. AES Indiana drew $300 million at closing and drew the remaining $100 million in October 2024, with the proceeds being used for general corporate purposes at AES Indiana.
In March 2024, AES Indiana issued $650 million aggregate principal of 5.70% First Mortgage Bonds due April 2054. The net proceeds from this issuance were used to repay existing indebtedness, including its unsecured $300 million term loan due in November 2024 and amounts outstanding under its $350 million revolving credit agreement maturing in December 2027, and for general corporate purposes at AES Indiana.
In March 2024, IPALCO issued $400 million aggregate principal of 5.75% senior secured notes due April 2034. In April 2024, the net proceeds from this issuance, together with cash on hand, were used to redeem the outstanding $405 million of IPALCO’s 3.70% senior secured notes due in September 2024.
In November 2023, AES Indiana executed a $300 million term loan due in 2024. The net proceeds from this issuance were used for general corporate purposes at AES Indiana. The term loan was repaid in March 2024.
AES Andes — In March 2024, AES Andes issued $500 million aggregate principal of 6.30% senior unsecured notes due in 2029. The net proceeds from the issuance were used to purchase via tender offer $100 million and $43 million aggregate principal of its 6.35% and 5.00% notes due in 2079 and 2025, respectively, and repay other existing indebtedness.
In June 2024, AES Andes issued $530 million in Junior Subordinated Notes at 8.15%, due in 2055. The proceeds were used to repay its 7.125% notes due in 2079. As a result of the transaction, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $8 million.
AES Puerto Rico — On June 1, 2023, AES Puerto Rico was unable to pay principal and interest obligations on its Series A Bond Loans due to insufficient funds resulting from financial difficulties at the business. AES Puerto Rico signed forbearance and standstill agreements with its noteholders in July 2023 because of the insufficiency of funds to meet these obligations. On March 5, 2024, AES Puerto Rico and its noteholders executed a financial restructuring, under which the $156 million (including interest) of 6.625% Series A Bond Loans due 2026 was exchanged for $112 million of 6.625% senior secured bonds due January 2028 and $44 million of preferred shares in AES Puerto Rico. The preferred shares bear interest at 3.125% and contains an option whereby AES may call the preferred shares to be converted into 99.9% of the ordinary shares of AES Puerto Rico between December 30, 2025 and December 30, 2027, or would have the option to settle the preferred shares in cash. The noteholders also provided a $23 million bridge loan due March 2026 bearing interest at prime plus 4%. AES Puerto Rico is required to make mandatory prepayments through cash sweeps based on excess cash (as defined in the loan agreements) available from operations on the bridge loan, senior secured bonds, and preferred shares interest. The financial restructuring was accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring in accordance with ASC 470-60, “Troubled Debt Restructurings by Debtors” as AES Puerto Rico was experiencing financial difficulties and the lenders granted a concession. No gain was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2024 as a result of this transaction. As of December 31, 2024, cash settlement of the preferred shares is contingent, as the amounts would not be required to be settled in cash if the option to settle the preferred shares with common shares is exercised.
AES Ohio — In December 2023, AES Ohio issued $200 million of First Mortgage Bonds in a private placement offering, in which $92 million aggregate principal of 5.49% bonds and $108 million aggregate principal of 5.70% bonds due in 2028 and 2033, respectively, were issued. The net proceeds from the issuances were used primarily to repay existing indebtedness and for general corporate purposes at AES Ohio.
Netherlands and Colon — In January 2023, AES Hispanola Holdings BV and Colon, as co-borrowers, executed a $350 million credit agreement at 8.85%, due in 2028. The Company allocated $300 million and $50 million of the proceeds from the agreement to AES Hispanola Holdings BV and Colon, respectively. The net proceeds from the agreement were used to partially repay the $500 million bridge loan executed in 2022. The remaining principal outstanding of the bridge loan was repaid with proceeds from operating cash flows as well as cash from the Parent Company. As a result of these transactions, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1 million.
Non-Recourse Debt Covenants, Restrictions and Defaults — The terms of the Company's non-recourse debt include certain financial and nonfinancial covenants. These covenants are limited to subsidiary activity and vary among the subsidiaries. These covenants may include, but are not limited to, maintenance of certain reserves and financial ratios, minimum levels of working capital and limitations on incurring additional indebtedness.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately $147 million and $341 million, respectively, of restricted cash was maintained in accordance with certain covenants of the non-recourse debt agreements. Of these amounts, $79 million and $158 million, respectively, were included within Restricted cash and $68 million and $183 million, respectively, were included within Debt service reserves and other deposits in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately $155 million and $90 million, respectively, of the restricted cash balances were for collateral held to cover potential liability for current and future insurance claims being assumed by AGIC, AES' captive insurance company. Of total restricted cash and debt service reserves of $515 million, $245 million related to VIEs as of December 31, 2024.
Various lender and governmental provisions restrict the ability of certain of the Company's subsidiaries to transfer their net assets to the Parent Company. Such restricted net assets of subsidiaries amounted to approximately $885 million at December 31, 2024.
The following table summarizes the Company's subsidiary non-recourse debt in default (in millions) as of December 31, 2024. Due to the defaults, these amounts are included in the current portion of non-recourse debt:
Primary Nature
of Default		December 31, 2024
SubsidiaryDebt in Default
Net Assets (Liabilities)
AES Dominican Renewable Energy (1)
Covenant$354 $88 
AES Puerto RicoPayment158 (416)
AES Ilumina (Puerto Rico)Covenant22 30 
AES Jordan SolarCovenant6 12 
Total$540 
_____________________________
(1)On February 6, 2025, AES Dominican Renewable Energy failed to comply with a covenant on its debt, resulting in a technical default. AES Dominican Renewable Energy is classified as held-for-sale as of December 31, 2024, therefore the associated non-recourse debt is classified in Current held-for-sale liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
AES Puerto Rico is in payment default on its long-term debt and preferred shares due to failure to implement the cash sweep mechanism in accordance with the terms of the loan agreements. AES Puerto Rico is working with the noteholders to resolve this matter. All other subsidiary defaults listed are not payment defaults, but are instead technical defaults triggered by failure to comply with covenants or other requirements contained in the non-recourse debt documents of the applicable subsidiary.
AES Mexico Generation Holdings (TEG and TEP) — In December 2024, AES Mexico Generation Holdings executed an amendment to the original credit agreement with its noteholders, obtaining waivers for prior covenant default events through June 30, 2025. As of December 31, 2024, the AES Mexico Generation Holdings debt balance of $128 million was not in default.
The AES Corporation's recourse debt agreements include cross-default clauses that will trigger if a subsidiary provides 20% or more of the Parent Company's total cash distributions from businesses for the four most recently completed fiscal quarters and has an outstanding principal in excess of $200 million in default. As of December 31, 2024, the Company's subsidiaries had no defaults which resulted in a cross-default under the recourse debt of the Parent Company. In the event the Parent Company is not in compliance with the financial covenants of its revolving
credit facilities, restricted payments will be limited to regular quarterly shareholder dividends at the then-prevailing rate. Payment defaults and bankruptcy defaults would preclude the making of any restricted payments.
RECOURSE DEBT — Recourse debt represents debt that the Parent Company has an obligation to settle. This can be debt issued directly by the Parent Company or debt issued by a subsidiary under which the Parent Company has explicit commitments such as guarantees, indemnities, letters of credit, or agreements to settle if the subsidiary defaults. The following table summarizes the carrying amount and terms of recourse debt as of the periods indicated (in millions):
Interest RateFinal MaturityDecember 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Senior Variable Rate Term LoanSOFR + 1.125%2024$— $200 
Senior Unsecured Note3.30%2025900 900 
Senior Unsecured Note1.375%2026800 800 
Senior Unsecured Note5.45%2028900 900 
Senior Unsecured Note3.95%2030700 700 
Senior Unsecured Note2.45%20311,000 1,000 
Junior Unsecured Note7.60%2055950 — 
Junior Unsecured Note6.95%2055500 — 
Unamortized (discount) premium & debt issuance (costs), net(46)(36)
Subtotal$5,704 $4,464 
Less: Current maturities(899)(200)
Noncurrent maturities$4,805 $4,264 
The following table summarizes the principal amounts due under our recourse debt for the next five years and thereafter (in millions):
December 31,
Annual Maturities
2025$900 
2026800 
2027— 
2028900 
2029— 
Thereafter3,150 
Unamortized (discount) premium & debt issuance (costs), net(46)
Total recourse debt$5,704 
Subordinated Notes due January 2055 — In May 2024, the Company issued $950 million aggregate principal of 7.60% fixed-to-fixed reset rate subordinated notes due in January 2055. AES allocates the net proceeds from this offering to one or more eligible green projects, which may include the development or redevelopment of such projects. Pending such allocation, the net proceeds from the offering are used for general corporate purposes.
Subordinated Notes due July 2055 — In December 2024, the Company issued $500 million aggregate principal of 6.95% fixed-to-fixed reset rate subordinated notes due in July 2055. AES utilized the net proceeds from this offering to repay existing indebtedness, including borrowings under the revolving facility of its senior credit facility and commercial paper program.
Senior Notes due 2028 — In May 2023, the Company issued $900 million aggregate principal of 5.45% senior notes due in 2028. The Company used the proceeds from this issuance for general corporate purposes and to fund investments in the Company’s Renewables and Utilities SBUs.
AES Clean Energy Development — In March 2023, AES Clean Energy Development Holdings, LLC executed a $500 million bridge loan due in December 2023 and used the proceeds for general corporate purposes. The obligations under the bridge loan were unsecured and fully guaranteed by the Parent Company. The bridge loan was repaid in December 2023.
Commercial Paper Program — In March 2023, the Company established a commercial paper program under which the Company may issue unsecured commercial paper notes (the “Notes”) up to a maximum aggregate face amount of $750 million outstanding at any time. The maturities of the Notes may vary but will not exceed 397 days from the date of issuance. The proceeds of the Notes will be used for general corporate purposes. The Notes will be sold on customary terms in the U.S. commercial paper market on a private placement basis. The commercial paper program is backed by the Company's $1.8 billion in revolving credit facilities, and the Company cannot issue commercial paper in an aggregate amount exceeding the then available capacity under its revolving credit facilities. During 2024, the Company borrowed and repaid approximately $57.9 billion under the commercial paper program, with average daily outstanding borrowings of $611 million. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the commercial paper program.
Revolving Credit Facilities — In December 2024, AES executed a $300 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility, maturing in December 2026. The aggregate commitment under its previously existing revolving credit facility is $1.5 billion and matures in August 2027. As of December 31, 2024, AES had no outstanding drawings under either of its revolving credit facilities.
Recourse Debt Covenants and Guarantees — The Company's obligations under the indentures governing the senior notes due 2025 and 2030 are currently unsecured following the achievement of two investment grade ratings and the release of security in accordance with the terms of the facility and the notes. If the Company’s credit rating falls below "Investment Grade" from at least two of Fitch Investors Service Inc., Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services or Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., as determined in accordance with the terms of the revolving credit facility and indenture dated May 15, 2020 (BBB-, or in the case of Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. Baa3), then the obligations under the indentures governing the senior notes due 2025 and 2030 become, subject to certain exceptions, secured by (i) all of the capital stock of domestic subsidiaries owned directly by the Company or certain subsidiaries and 65% of the capital stock of certain foreign subsidiaries owned directly by the Company and certain subsidiaries, and (ii) certain intercompany receivables, certain intercompany notes, and certain intercompany tax sharing agreements.
Each revolving credit facility contains customary covenants and restrictions on the Company's ability to engage in certain activities, including, but not limited to, limitations on liens; restrictions on mergers and acquisitions and the disposition of assets; and other financial reporting requirements.
Each revolving credit facility also contains one financial covenant, evaluated quarterly, requiring the Company to maintain a maximum ratio of recourse debt to adjusted operating cash flow of 5.75 times.
The terms of the Company's senior notes contain certain customary covenants, including limitations on the Company's ability to incur liens or enter into sale and leaseback transactions.
SUPPLIER FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS — With some purchases, the Company enters into supplier financing arrangements with the goal of securing improved payment terms. The Company confirms supplier invoices to an intermediary financial institution who will pay the supplier directly or reimburse the Company for payments made to the supplier. These arrangements are included in Supplier financing arrangements on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Current liabilities as the amounts are all due in less than a year; the related interest expense is recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Operations within Interest expense. These agreements ranged from less than $1 million to $69 million with a weighted average interest rate of 6.83% and 7.51% as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Of the amounts outstanding under supplier financing arrangements, $616 million and $814 million were guaranteed by the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The following table shows a rollforward for outstanding supplier financing arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in millions):
20242023
Balance at January 1$974 $662 
Invoices confirmed during the year
1,737 1,907 
Confirmed invoices paid during the year
(1,794)(1,595)
Balance at December 31$917 $974