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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.
Income before income taxes from continuing operations consisted of the following: 
 Year ended December 31,
 202220212020
Domestic$926,604 $1,463,029 $1,287,976 
International39,674 55,465 30,286 
 $966,278 $1,518,494 $1,318,262 
 Income tax expense for continuing operations consisted of the following:
 Year ended December 31,
 202220212020
Current:   
Federal$201,932 $216,539 $47,171 
State55,593 15,601 21,442 
International16,253 14,247 17,481 
Total current income tax273,778 246,387 86,094 
Deferred:   
Federal(66,400)59,528 198,623 
State(12,289)5,342 27,206 
International2,998 (4,525)2,009 
Total deferred income tax(75,691)60,345 227,838 
 $198,087 $306,732 $313,932 
Income taxes are allocated between continuing and discontinued operations as follows:
Year ended December 31,
202220212020
Continuing operations$198,087 $306,732 $313,932 
Discontinued operations— — 1,657 
$198,087 $306,732 $315,589 
The reconciliation between the Company’s effective tax rate from continuing operations and the U.S. federal income tax rate is as follows:
 Year ended December 31,
 202220212020
Federal income tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit3.8 3.0 3.4 
Equity compensation(1.6)(2.4)— 
Federal and international tax rate adjustments— 1.3 — 
Nondeductible executive compensation1.1 0.8 1.2 
Political advocacy costs2.2 0.2 1.7 
Unrecognized tax benefits(1.1)(0.1)0.4 
Change in international valuation allowance1.2 (1.0)1.5 
Credits(1.2)(0.7)(0.7)
Other1.1 1.7 0.1 
Impact of noncontrolling interests primarily
 attributable to non-tax paying entities		(6.0)(3.6)(4.8)
Effective tax rate20.5 %20.2 %23.8 %
Deferred tax assets and liabilities arising from temporary differences for continuing operations were as follows:
 December 31,
 20222021
Receivables$18,304 $8,430 
Accrued liabilities71,346 67,993 
Operating lease liabilities563,972 581,199 
Net operating loss carryforwards173,531 162,987 
Other58,827 52,434 
Deferred tax assets885,980 873,043 
Valuation allowance(106,775)(100,616)
Net deferred tax assets779,205 772,427 
Intangible assets(690,914)(644,039)
Property and equipment(181,704)(283,913)
Operating lease assets(515,026)(530,839)
Investments in partnerships(80,876)(84,407)
Other(65,766)(37,274)
Deferred tax liabilities(1,534,286)(1,580,472)
Net deferred tax liabilities$(755,081)$(808,045)
Reported as:
Deferred tax liabilities$(782,787)$(830,954)
Deferred tax assets (included in Other long-term assets)27,706 22,909 
$(755,081)$(808,045)
At December 31, 2022, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $71,049 that expire through 2036, although a substantial amount expire by 2029. The Company also had state net operating loss carryforwards of $618,883, some of which have an indefinite life, although a substantial amount expire by 2042 and international net operating loss carryforwards of $357,266, some of which will begin to expire in 2023 though the majority have an indefinite life. The Company has a state capital loss carryover of $306,949, the majority of which expires in 2024. The utilization of a portion of these losses may be limited in future years based on the profitability of certain entities. A valuation allowance is recorded to account for the unrealizable balances in the table above. The net increase of $6,159 in the valuation allowance is primarily due to newly created net operating loss carryforwards in state and foreign jurisdictions that the Company does not anticipate being able to utilize.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a true-up to recognize net deferred tax assets related to historical purchases of noncontrolling interests in consolidated partnerships. The effect of this adjustment was an increase of $46,692 to net deferred tax assets, a charge of $16,044 to income tax expense, and an increase of $62,736 to additional paid-in capital. The Company’s prior purchases of this type have not generated significant pre-tax adjustments to additional paid-in capital in any single prior year. The majority of the $16,044 recorded to income tax expense was due to the decrease in the corporate tax rate in 2017.
The Company remains indefinitely reinvested in a majority of the foreign jurisdictions in which it operates as of December 31, 2022. As a result of the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (2017 Tax Act), the Company does not expect any significant taxes to be incurred if such earnings were remitted.
Unrecognized tax benefits
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for unrecognized tax benefits that do not meet the more-likely-than-not threshold is as follows:
 Year ended December 31,
 20222021
Beginning balance$73,024 $70,202 
Additions for tax positions related to current year3,858 3,335 
Additions for tax positions related to prior years24,683 22,616 
Reductions related to lapse of applicable statute(6,073)(751)
Reductions related to settlements with taxing authorities(31,507)(22,378)
Ending balance$63,985 $73,024 
As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s total liability for unrecognized tax benefits relating to tax positions that do not meet the more-likely-than-not threshold is $63,985, of which $45,825 would impact the Company’s effective tax rate if recognized.
The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company recognized an expense of $10,459 and a benefit of $2,589 related to interest and penalties net of federal tax benefit within tax expense in 2022 and 2021, respectively. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had approximately $8,208 and $15,275, respectively, accrued for interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, net of federal tax benefit.
The Company and its subsidiaries are under examination in various state, local and foreign tax jurisdictions. The Company's federal tax returns are under examination by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for the years 2016 and 2017. In 2022, the Company was able to reach a settlement with the IRS for tax years 2014 and 2015. Subsequent to the settlement, the Company filed a 2014 refund claim with respect to a contested issue that was included in the IRS examination. The refund claim is currently subject to IRS review. The Company is also open to U.S. federal examination for 2019 onward, and is no longer subject to U.S. state examinations by tax authorities for years before 2014.