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Restructuring
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring Restructuring
November 2022 Restructuring Plan
In November 2022, the Company announced a restructuring plan to reduce operating expenses and adjust cash flows. As a result of the restructuring plan, in the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company recorded $29.5 million in employee severance and other employee costs costs and $9.5 million in net stock-based compensation expense related to equity compensation for employees impacted by the plan of termination.
The Company’s plan of termination also included restructuring charges related to a decision to exit and sublease or cease use of certain facilities to align with the Company’s anticipated operating needs. The Company reassessed its real estate asset groups and estimated the fair value of the space to be subleased using current market conditions. Where the carrying value of the individual asset groups exceeded their fair value, an impairment charge was recognized for the difference. During the year ended December 31, 2022, this included $55.3 million in impairment charges related to real estate operating lease right-of-use assets, $23.9 million in accelerated depreciation of certain fixed assets and $2.1 million in write-off fixed assets not yet placed into service. As a result of the above, the Company incurred net restructuring charges of $120.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2022.
In the first quarter of 2023, the Company expects to finalize the exit of certain leases as part of the plan of termination and the Company completed a transaction for the divestiture of certain assets related to the Company’s first party vehicle services business. As a result, in the first quarter of 2023, the Company expects to record lease termination penalties and impairment charges related to the cease use of certain facilities to real estate operating lease right-of-use assets. The remaining employee related charges, which include employee severance, benefits and stock-based compensation, will not be material in the first quarter of 2023.
The following table summarizes the above restructuring related charges (benefits) by line item within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations where they were recorded in the year ended December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
Stock-Based CompensationSeverance and Other Employee Costs Right-of-Use Asset Impairments and Other CostsAccelerated DepreciationTotal
Cost of revenue$182 $1,612 $— $— $1,794 
Operation and support(31)5,173 4,851 8,680 18,673 
Research and development 3,818 9,706 15,393 36 28,953 
Sales and marketing 458 3,123 — — 3,581 
General and administrative 5,082 9,861 37,120 15,192 67,255 
Total$9,509 $29,475 $57,364 $23,908 $120,256 
Cash paid for restructuring in 2022 was related to severance and other employee costs which include cash severance expense and other termination benefits. As of December 31, 2022, there were $1.6 million in restructuring-related liabilities. As of December 31, 2021, there were no restructuring-related liabilities.
November 2020 Restructuring Plan
In November 2020, the Company announced an additional restructuring plan to reduce operating expenses and adjust cash flows in light of the ongoing economic challenges resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the Company’s business. As a result of the restructuring plan, which was substantially completed in the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company recognized a severance and other employee costs of $1.5 million. This was offset by a stock based compensation benefit of $0.1 million due to the accelerated vesting of certain equity awards for employees who were terminated. As a result, the Company recognized net restructuring costs of $1.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2020.
April 2020 Restructuring Plan
In April 2020, the Company announced a restructuring plan to reduce operating expenses and adjust cash flows in light of the ongoing economic challenges resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the Company’s business. As a result of the restructuring plan, which was substantially completed in the second quarter of 2020, the Company recognized a stock-based compensation benefit related to the reversal of previously recognized stock-based compensation expenses for unvested stock awards,
primarily related to RSUs granted prior to the effectiveness of its IPO registration statement on March 28, 2019 using the accelerated attribution method, of $72.7 million. This was offset by a $22.9 million charge related to the accelerated vesting of certain equity awards for employees who were terminated, resulting in a net stock-based compensation benefit of $49.8 million. Additionally, the Company recognized other restructuring charges including severance and other employee costs of $32.1 million as well as lease termination and other restructuring charges of $3.1 million. As a result of the above, the Company recognized a net restructuring benefit of $14.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2020.
The following table summarizes the above restructuring related charges (benefits) by line item within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations where they were recorded in the year ended December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
Stock-Based Compensation BenefitSeverance and Other Employee CostsLease Termination and Other CostsTotal
Cost of revenue$(4,237)$2,010 $1,529 $(698)
Operation and support(2,830)8,281 1,060 6,511 
Research and development (37,082)11,706 — (25,376)
Sales and marketing (1,626)3,071 — 1,445 
General and administrative (4,031)7,062 539 3,570 
Total$(49,806)$32,130 $3,128 $(14,548)