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Stock Based Compensation | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2013
Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract] |
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block] |
| Stock-Based Compensation
In 2013, the Company adopted, and its shareowners approved, the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan. The 2013 Plan replaced the 2008 Plan and no further awards will be granted under the 2008 Plan. Under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock options, stock appreciation rights and performance units may be granted to officers, directors and other key employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company has authorized the issuance of up to 7,400,000 shares under the 2013 Stock Incentive Plan. The following table summarizes the Company's pre-tax compensation expense and related income tax benefit for the year s ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 related to the Company's performance units and restricted stock.
Year ended December 31 (In millions) | 2013 | 2012 | 2011
Performance units |  |  |
Total shareholder return | $ | 8.4 |  | $ | 8.0 |  | $ | 8.2 |
Earnings per share | 2.3 |  | 4.2 |  | 5.5 |
Total performance units | 10.7 |  | 12.2 |  | 13.7 |
Restricted stock | 0.4 |  | 0.6 |  | 1.0 |
Total compensation expense | 11.1 |  | 12.8 |  | 14.7 |
Less: Amount paid by unconsolidated affiliates | 3.1 |  | — |  | — |
Net compensation expense | $ | 8.0 |  | $ | 12.8 |  | $ | 14.7 |
Income tax benefit | $ | 3.1 |  | $ | 4.9 |  | $ | 5.7 |
The Company has issued new shares to satisfy stock option exercises, restricted stock grants and payouts of earned performance units. In 2013, 2012 and 2011, there were 548,344 shares, 849,110 shares and 623,246 shares, respectively, of new common stock issued pursuant to the Company's stock incentive plans related to exercised stock options, restricted stock grants (net of forfeitures) and payouts of earned performance units. In 2013, there were 11,318 shares of restricted stock returned to the Company to satisfy tax liabilities. Performance Units Under the 2008 Stock Incentive Plan, the Company has issued performance units which represent the value of one share of the Company's common stock. The performance units provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control (as defined in the 2008 Stock Incentive Plan). Each performance unit is subject to forfeiture if the recipient terminates employment with the Company or a subsidiary prior to the end of the three-year award cycle for any reason other than death, disability or retirement. In the event of death, disability or retirement, a participant will receive a prorated payment based on such participant's number of full months of service during the award cycle, further adjusted based on the achievement of the performance goals during the award cycle. The performance units granted based on total shareholder return are contingently awarded and will be payable in shares of the Company's common stock subject to the condition that the number of performance units, if any, earned by the employees upon the expiration of a three-year award cycle (i.e., three-year cliff vesting period) is dependent on the Company's total shareholder return ranking relative to a peer group of companies. The performance units granted based on earnings per share are contingently awarded and will be payable in shares of the Company's common stock based on the Company's earnings per share growth over a three-year award cycle (i.e., three-year cliff vesting period) compared to a target set at the time of the grant by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors. All of these performance units are classified as equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. If there is no or only a partial payout for the performance units at the end of the award cycle, the unearned performance units are cancelled. Payout requires approval of the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors. Payouts, if any, are all made in common stock and are considered made when the payout is approved by the Compensation Committee. As a result of the formation of Enable on May 1, 2013, 2013 performance unit grants to OGE Holdings' employees that were previously based on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization were converted to performance units based on total shareholder return or earnings per share. Total 2013 performance unit grants converted were 91,390, comprised of 45,596 total shareholder return performance units with a $25.89 grant date fair value and 45,794 earnings per share performance units with a $26.73 grant date fair value. As a result of a modification to the 2012 performance unit grants, 2012 performance unit grants to OGE Holdings' employees that were previously based on earnings before interest, taxes and depreciation and amortization were converted to performance units based on total shareholder return or earnings per share. Total 2012 performance unit grants converted were 82,930, comprised of 41,554 total shareholder return performance units with a $47.71 grant date fair value and 41,376 earnings per share performance units with a $34.94 grant date fair value. The amount of these performance units were adjusted for the effects of the stock split. The impact of the modification of the performance unit grants on stock-based compensation expense for 2013 was not material. Performance Units – Total Shareholder Return The fair value of the performance units based on total shareholder return was estimated on the grant date using a lattice-based valuation model that factors in information, including the expected dividend yield, expected price volatility, risk-free interest rate and the probable outcome of the market condition, over the expected life of the performance units. Compensation expense for the performance units is a fixed amount determined at the grant date fair value and is recognized over the three-year award cycle regardless of whether performance units are awarded at the end of the award cycle. Dividends are not accrued or paid during the performance period and, therefore, are not included in the fair value calculation. Expected price volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's common stock for the past three years and was simulated using the Geometric Brownian Motion process. The risk-free interest rate for the performance unit grants is based on the three-year U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. The expected life of the units is based on the non-vested period since inception of the award cycle. There are no post-vesting restrictions related to the Company's performance units based on total shareholder return. The number of performance units granted based on total shareholder return and the assumptions used to calculate the grant date fair value of the performance units based on total shareholder return are shown in the following table.
| 2013 | 2012 | 2011
Number of units granted | 316,162 |  | 338,678 |  | 427,442 |
Fair value of units granted | $ | 25.89 |  | $ | 25.91 |  | $ | 23.05 |
Expected dividend yield | 2.8 | % | 3.0 | % | 3.2 | %
Expected price volatility | 20.0 | % | 22.0 | % | 33.0 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 0.37 | % | 0.38 | % | 1.40 | %
Expected life of units (in years) | 2.84 |  | 2.87 |  | 2.87 |
Performance Units – Earnings Per Share The fair value of the performance units based on earnings per share is based on grant date fair value which is equivalent to the price of one share of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of performance units based on earnings per share varies as the number of performance units that will vest is based on the grant date fair value of the units and the probable outcome of the performance condition. The Company reassesses at each reporting date whether achievement of the performance condition is probable and accrues compensation expense if and when achievement of the performance condition is probable. As a result, the compensation expense recognized for these performance units can vary from period to period. There are no post-vesting restrictions related to the Company's performance units based on earnings per share. The number of performance units granted based on earnings per share and the grant date fair value are shown in the following table.
| 2013 | 2012 | 2011
Number of units granted | 74,570 |  | 81,594 |  | 142,476 |
Fair value of units granted | $ | 26.73 |  | $ | 23.82 |  | $ | 20.81 |
Restricted Stock Under the 2008 Stock Incentive Plan and beginning in 2008, the Company issued restricted stock to certain existing non-officer employees as well as other executives upon hire to attract and retain individuals to be competitive in the marketplace. The restricted stock vests in one-third annual increments. Prior to vesting, each share of restricted stock is subject to forfeiture if the recipient ceases to render substantial services to the Company or a subsidiary for any reason other than death, disability or retirement. These shares may not be sold, assigned, transferred or pledged and are subject to a risk of forfeiture. The fair value of the restricted stock was based on the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the grant date. Compensation expense for the restricted stock is a fixed amount determined at the grant date fair value and is recognized as services are rendered by employees over a three-year vesting period. Also, the Company treats its restricted stock as multiple separate awards by recording compensation expense separately for each tranche whereby a substantial portion of the expense is recognized in the earlier years in the requisite service period. Dividends are accrued and paid during the vesting period and, therefore, are included in the fair value calculation. The expected life of the restricted stock is based on the non-vested period since inception of the three-year award cycle. There are no post-vesting restrictions related to the Company's restricted stock. The number of shares of restricted stock granted and the grant date fair value are shown in the following table.
| 2013 | 2012 | 2011
Shares of restricted stock granted | 5,940 |  | 10,824 |  | 35,804 |
Fair value of restricted stock granted | $ | 29.71 |  | $ | 26.72 |  | $ | 24.41 |
A summary of the activity for the Company's performance units and restricted stock at December 31, 2013 and changes in 2013 are shown in the following table.
| Performance Units |  |
| Total Shareholder Return | Earnings Per Share | Restricted Stock
(dollars in millions) | Number of Units |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | Number of Units |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | Number of Shares | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Units/Shares Outstanding at 12/31/12 | 1,069,128 |  |  |  | 327,838 |  |  |  | 49,106 |  |
Granted | 316,162 |  | (A) |  | 74,570 |  | (A) |  | 5,940 |  |
Modification | 87,150 |  | (B) |  | 87,170 |  | (B) |  | N/A |  |
Converted | (377,266 | ) | (C) | $ | 22.1 |  | (125,760 | ) | (C) | $ | 7.4 |  | N/A |  |
Vested | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | (30,242 | ) | $ | 0.9 |
Forfeited | (33,114 | ) |  |  | (9,792 | ) |  |  | (1,176 | ) |
Units/Shares Outstanding at 12/31/13 | 1,062,060 |  |  | $ | 50.9 |  | 354,026 |  |  | $ | 13.9 |  | 23,628 |  | $ | 0.8 |
Units/Shares Fully Vested at 12/31/13 | 355,078 |  |  | $ | 19.3 |  | 118,350 |  |  | $ | 8.0 |  |  |
(A) | For performance units, this represents the target number of performance units granted. Actual number of performance units earned, if any, is dependent upon performance and may range from 0 percent to 200 percent of the target.
(B) | These amounts represent the performance unit grants previously based on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization that were converted to performance units based on total shareholder return or earnings per share as a result of the formation of Enable.
(C) | These amounts represent performance units that vested at December 31, 2012 which were settled in February 2013.
A summary of the activity for the Company's non-vested performance units and restricted stock at December 31, 2013 and changes in 2013 are shown in the following table.
| Performance Units |  |
| Total Shareholder Return | Earnings Per Share | Restricted Stock
| Number of Units |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | Number of Units |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | Number of Shares | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Units/Shares Non-Vested at 12/31/12 | 691,862 |  |  | $ | 24.40 |  | 202,078 |  |  | $ | 22.00 |  | 49,106 |  | $ | 23.61 |
Granted | 316,162 |  | (A) | $ | 25.89 |  | 74,570 |  | (A) | $ | 26.73 |  | 5,940 |  | $ | 29.71 |
Modification | 87,150 |  | (B) | $ | 36.29 |  | 87,170 |  | (B) | $ | 30.62 |  | N/A |  | N/A |
Vested | (355,078 | ) |  | $ | 23.05 |  | (118,350 | ) |  | $ | 20.81 |  | (30,242 | ) | $ | 22.57 |
Forfeited | (33,114 | ) |  | $ | 24.96 |  | (9,792 | ) |  | $ | 23.34 |  | (1,176 | ) | $ | 26.87 |
Units/Shares Non-Vested at 12/31/13 | 706,982 |  |  | $ | 25.90 |  | 235,676 |  |  | $ | 25.28 |  | 23,628 |  | $ | 26.30 |
Units/Shares Expected to Vest | 633,808 |  | (C) |  | 209,938 |  | (C) |  | 23,628 |  |
(A) | For performance units, this represents the target number of performance units granted. Actual number of performance units earned, if any, is dependent upon performance and may range from 0 percent to 200 percent of the target.
(B) | These amounts represent the performance unit grants previously based on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization that were converted to performance units based on total shareholder return or earnings per share as a result of the formation of Enable.
(C) | The intrinsic value of the performance units based on total shareholder return and earnings per share is $28.3 million and $5.6 million, respectively.
Fair Value of Vested Performance Units and Restricted Stock A summary of the Company's fair value for its vested performance units and restricted stock is shown in the following table.
Year ended December 31 (In millions) | 2013 | 2012 | 2011
Performance units |  |  |
Total shareholder return | $ | 8.2 |  | $ | 7.4 |  | $ | 7.4 |
Earnings per share | 4.9 |  | 4.1 |  | 3.9 |
Restricted stock | 0.7 |  | 0.7 |  | 1.0 |
Unrecognized Compensation Cost A summary of the Company's unrecognized compensation cost for its non-vested performance units and restricted stock and the weighted-average periods over which the compensation cost is expected to be recognized are shown in the following table.
December 31, 2013 | Unrecognized Compensation Cost (in millions) | Weighted Average to be Recognized (in years)
Performance units |  |
Total shareholder return | $ | 8.4 |  | 1.63
Earnings per share | 1.8 |  | 1.49
Total performance units | 10.2 |  |
Restricted stock | 0.2 |  | 1.63
Total | $ | 10.4 |  |
Stock Options The Company last issued stock options in 2004 and as of December 31, 2006, all stock options were fully vested and expensed. All stock options have a contractual life of 10 years. A summary of the activity for the Company's stock options at December 31, 2013 and changes during 2013 are shown in the following table.
(dollars in millions) | Number of Options | Weighted-Average Exercise Price | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term
Options Outstanding at 12/31/12 | 39,200 |  | $ | 11.40 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (39,200 | ) | $ | (11.40 | ) | $ | 1.4 |  |  |
Options Outstanding at 12/31/13 | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | 0.00 | years
Options Fully Vested and Exercisable at 12/31/13 | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | 0.00 | years
A summary of the activity for the Company's exercised stock options in 2013, 2012 and 2011 are shown in the following table.
Year ended December 31 (In millions) | 2013 | 2012 | 2011
Intrinsic value (A) | $ | 1.4 |  | $ | 2.0 |  | $ | 2.2 |
Cash received from stock options exercised | 0.4 |  | 0.8 |  | 1.3 |
(A) | The difference between the market value on the date of exercise and the option exercise price.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5047-113901 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6406099&loc=d3e25284-112666 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 40 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6418621&loc=d3e17540-113929 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6415400&loc=d3e5444-113901 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher SEC -Name Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) -Number Topic 14 + Details
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