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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_____________________________
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)

☑ |  | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

or

☐ |  | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended November 28, 2021
Commission file number: 001-06631
_____________________________
LEVI STRAUSS & CO.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware |  | 94-0905160
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1155 Battery Street, San Francisco, California 94111
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(415) 501-6000
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
_____________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share |  | LEVI |  | New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of "Large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer | þ | Non-accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer | ¨ | Smaller reporting company | ¨ | Emerging growth company | ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No þ
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s shares of Class A common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of May 28, 2021, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $2,350,627,675 based on the closing price reported for such date on the New York Stock Exchange.
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
As of January 20, 2022, the registrant had 98,205,835 shares of Class A common stock, $0.001 par value per share and 299,815,032 shares of Class B common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.
Documents incorporated by reference:
Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K are incorporated by reference in Part III, Items 10-14 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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LEVI STRAUSS & CO.
TABLE OF CONTENTS TO FORM 10-K
FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021

|  |  | Page Number
Special Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements |  | 1
Summary of Risks Affecting Our Business |  | 3
Where You Can Find More Information |  | 5
PART I
Item 1. | Business |  | 6
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |  | 16
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments |  | 37
Item 2. | Properties |  | 37
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings |  | 37
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 37
PART II
Item 5. | Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |  | 38
Item 6. | Reserved |  | 40
Item 7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 41
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 73
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |  | 76
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure |  | 136
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures |  | 136
Item 9B. | Other Information |  | 136
Item 9C. | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections |  | 136
PART III
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance |  | 137
Item 11. | Executive Compensation |  | 137
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |  | 137
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence |  | 137
Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services |  | 137
PART IV
Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules |  | 138
Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary |  | 143
SIGNATURES |  | 144

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain matters discussed in this Annual Report, including (without limitation) statements in "Business" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" contain forward-looking statements. Although we believe that, in making any such statements, our expectations are based on reasonable assumptions, any such statement may be influenced by factors that could cause actual outcomes and results to be materially different from those projected.
These forward-looking statements include statements relating to our anticipated financial performance and business prospects, including with regard to:
•our “where to play” and “how to win” strategic choices, including the portion of our net revenues we aim to have represented by our direct-to-consumer business, our digital business and business lines other than men’s over time, our expectations regarding gross and Adjusted EBIT margins, and our plans and expectations for the benefits of investments in operational excellence including our inventory turns, product lead times, improvements in working capital, cash conversion cycle and cost control measures;
•our commitment to increasing total shareholder returns through our three capital allocation priorities;
•our expectation that the impact of COVID-19 on our business is temporary;
•the completion of our restructuring and expected annual cost savings relating to such restructuring;
•seasonality of our business;
•the effect of inflation on our business, including any future pricing actions taken in an effort to mitigate the effects of inflation;
•foreign currency and exchange counterparty exposures;
•the adequacy of our liquidity position;
•future shareholder returns, including share repurchases and dividends;
•the impact of pending legal proceedings; and
•statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words "believe", "will", "so we can", "when", "anticipate", "intend", "estimate", "expect", "project", "could", "plans", "seeks" and similar expressions.
These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report and we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, even if experience or future events make it clear that any expected results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements will not be realized. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, these expectations may not prove to be correct or we may not achieve the financial results, savings or other benefits anticipated in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are necessarily estimates reflecting the best judgment of our senior management and involve a number of risks and uncertainties, some of which may be beyond our control. For more information, see "Summary of Risks Affecting our Business" below and "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A on this Annual Report and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These risks and uncertainties, including those disclosed in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements.
We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects, business strategy and financial needs. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors described under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report. These risks are not exhaustive. Other sections of this Annual Report include additional factors that could adversely affect our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report. We cannot assure you that the results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.
In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Annual Report, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements
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should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.
The forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report relate only to events as of the date on which such statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this Annual Report or to conform such statements to actual results or revised expectations, except as required by law.
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SUMMARY OF RISKS AFFECTING OUR BUSINESS
Our business is subject to numerous risks. The following summary highlights some of the risks you should consider with respect to our business and prospects. This summary is not complete, and the risks summarized below are not the only risks we face. You should review and carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described in more detail in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K which includes a more complete discussion of the risks summarized below as well as a discussion of other risks related to our business and an investment in our Class A common stock.
The summary of risks affecting our business include:
•the COVID-19 pandemic has had, and will likely continue to have, an adverse effect on the global economy, our business, and results of operations;
•global economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition;
•we are a global company with significant revenues and earnings generated internationally, which exposes us to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and political and economic risks, including changes in tariffs and taxes, inflationary pressures and regulatory restrictions and requirements;
•we may be adversely affected by the financial health of our customers;
•extreme weather conditions and natural disasters could negatively impact our operations results and financial condition;
•our success depends on our ability to maintain the value and reputation of our brands;
•failure to continue to obtain or maintain high-quality endorsers of our products, or actions taken by our endorsers, could harm our business;
•an extended period of global supply chain and economic disruption could materially affect our business, results of operations, access to sources of liquidity and financial condition;
•failure to forecast and respond timely to consumer demand and market conditions and offer on-trend and new and updated products at attractive price points could adversely affect our image and reputation and sales, margins and profitability;
•we depend on a group of key wholesale customers for a significant portion of our revenues, and a significant adverse change in a customer relationship or in a customer’s performance or financial position could harm our business and financial condition;
•our efforts to expand our retail business may not be successful, which could impact our operating results;
•if our technology-based systems do not function effectively, our operating results as well as our ability to grow our digital commerce business globally or to retain our customer base, could be materially adversely affected;
•we may be unable to maintain or increase our sales through our third-party distribution channels, which can impact, and has adversely impacted in the past, our net revenues, margins and ability to operate efficiently;
•future acquisitions of and investments in new businesses, including the Beyond Yoga® acquisition, could impact our business and financial condition;
•if we encounter problems with our distribution, whether company-owned or third-party, our ability to meet customer and consumer expectations, manage inventory, complete sales, and achieve operating efficiencies could be adversely affected;
•unexpected obstacles in new and existing markets may limit our expansion opportunities and cause our business and growth to suffer;
•seasonality could result in fluctuations in our operating results;
•any failure, inadequacy, compromise or interruption of our information technology systems and data, could lead to adverse consequences, including harm to our ability to effectively operate our business, claims that we breached our data privacy security obligations, harm to our reputation, and a loss of customers or sales;
•disruptions or delays at our third-party service providers could adversely affect our operations;
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•production sources that fail to meet our quality, cost, social and environmental compliance and risk mitigation, and other requirements, or failures by our contract manufacturers to perform, could harm our sales, service levels and reputation;
•our suppliers may be impacted by economic conditions and cycles and changing laws and regulatory requirements which could impact their ability to do business with us or cause us to terminate our relationship with them;
•intense competition in the global apparel industry could lead to reduced sales and prices;
•changes in tax policy or trade regulations or imposition of new tariffs could adversely impact our business and results of operations;
•the loss of high-quality employees or the failure to attract and retain key personnel or maintain our workplace culture, could harm our business;
•most of the employees in our production and distribution facilities are covered by collective bargaining agreements, and any material job actions could negatively affect our results of operations;
•our success depends on the continued protection of our trademarks and other proprietary intellectual property rights;
•we have substantial liabilities and cash requirements associated with our postretirement benefits, pension, and deferred compensation plans;
•we are subject to stringent and changing obligations related to data privacy and security and the actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could lead to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business operations; reputational harm and other adverse business consequences;
•our licensees and franchisees may not comply with our product quality, manufacturing standards, social, environmental, marketing, and other requirements, which could negatively affect our reputation and business;
•increases in the price or availability of raw materials could increase our cost of goods and negatively impact our financial results;
•if one or more of our counterparty financial institutions default on their obligations to us, we may incur significant losses;
•our products may experience quality problems that could result in negative publicity, litigation, product recalls and warranty claims, which could result in decreased revenues and harm to our brands;
•environmental, social and governance practices could result in additional costs, and could adversely impact our reputation, consumer perception, employee retention, and willingness of third parties to do business with us; and
•we have debt and interest payment requirements at a level that may restrict our future operations and restrictions in our notes, indentures and credit facility may limit our activities, including dividend payments, share repurchases and acquisitions.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
Investors and others should note that we announce material financial information to our investors using our corporate website, press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. We also use the following social media channels as a means of disclosing information about our company, products, planned financial and other announcements, attendance at upcoming investor and industry conferences and other matters, as well as for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended:
•our Investor Relations page (https://levistrauss.com/investors/financial-news);
•our Twitter account (https://twitter.com/LeviStraussCo);
•our company blog (https://www.levistrauss.com/unzipped-blog/);
•our Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/levistraussco/);
•our LinkedIn page (https://www.linkedin.com/company/levi-strauss-&-co-);
•our Instagram page (https://www.instagram.com/levistraussco/); and
•our YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/user/levistraussvideo).
The information we post through these channels may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor these channels in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. This list may be updated from time to time. The information we post through these channels is not a part of this Annual Report.
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PART I

Item 1. | BUSINESS

Overview
From our California Gold Rush beginnings, we have grown into one of the world's largest brand-name apparel companies. A history of responsible business practices, rooted in our core values, has helped us build our brands and engender consumer trust around the world. Under our Levi's®, Dockers®, Signature by Levi Strauss & Co.™ and Denizen® brands, we design, market and sell – directly or through third parties and licensees – products that include jeans, casual and dress pants, tops, shorts, skirts, dresses, jackets, footwear, and related accessories for men, women and children around the world. Our newest brand, Beyond Yoga®, acquired in 2021, is a body positive, premium athleisure apparel brand focused on quality, fit and comfort for all shapes and sizes.
COVID-19 Impact on our Business in Fiscal 2021
The COVID-19 pandemic continued to impact our business and results of operations in fiscal year 2021. While many of our company-operated stores and wholesale customer doors were open for most of the year, reduced consumer confidence and changes in shopping patterns adversely impacted store traffic, as more consumers were either not shopping or choosing to shop online as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, resurgences of COVID-19 cases led to temporary store closures of company-operated and wholesale customer retail locations for portions of the year in certain markets and have impacted, and continue to impact, our supply chain partners, including third party manufacturers, logistic providers and other vendors. Current vessel, container and other transportation shortages, labor shortages and port congestion globally have delayed and are expected to continue to delay inventory orders and, in turn, deliveries to our wholesale customers and availability in our company-operated stores and e-commerce sites.
Throughout the pandemic, our top priority has been to protect the health and safety of our employees and our consumers. As stores re-opened, we followed local health guidelines, as well as internally derived specific health-related criteria with an emphasis on comprehensive safety precautions, and we continue to adapt our retail and distribution center practices to support the well-being of our workers. As we have re-opened our corporate offices, we have adopted new and flexible ways of working to best support each individual employee's needs. This includes the adoption of a new hybrid work environment.
Despite the many challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought and continues to bring, we continue to focus on areas that will drive value and enable us to emerge stronger on the other side, including elevating our brand, investing in digital tools and capabilities, and accelerating our efforts to diversify across geographies, product categories and distribution channels, including our direct-to-consumer and digital businesses. We remain committed to increasing total shareholder returns through deploying capital across all of our capital allocation priorities. These include high growth investments in our business, returning capital to our shareholders and executing both organic and inorganic mergers and acquisitions, such as the Beyond Yoga® acquisition, which we completed during the fourth quarter.
Segments
In fiscal year 2021, we simplified our organization structure and created an integrated global commercial organization to continue to elevate and strengthen our Levi's commercial business. In the fourth quarter of 2021, we separated our Dockers business to provide focus and reinvigorate the brand's growth. We are leveraging a similar, separate structure for the newly acquired Beyond Yoga business in order to support its continued growth trajectory.
As a result, in the fourth quarter of 2021, we changed our segment reporting. Our Levi's Brands business, which includes the Levi's, Signature by Levi Strauss & Co.™ and Denizen® brands, is presented in our financial statements under the caption of Levi's Brands and is defined geographically in three reportable segments: Americas, Europe and Asia. The Dockers® business, which is managed separately, is no longer reported in the geographical regions of Americas, Europe and Asia. Our newly acquired Beyond Yoga® business, along with the Dockers® business, do not meet the quantitative thresholds for reportable segments and are presented in our financial statements under the caption of Other Brands. While this reporting change did not impact consolidated results, the segment data has been recast to be consistent for all periods presented throughout the financial statements and accompanying footnotes. For additional information, including the financial results of our segments, see Note 23 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Our Global Reach
Our products are sold in more than 110 countries. We service our customers through our global infrastructure, developing, sourcing and marketing our products around the world. Although our brands are recognized as authentically "American," we
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derived over half of our net revenues from outside the United States in fiscal year 2021. As a global company with sales and operations in foreign countries, we are subject to risks of doing business in foreign countries. For more information, see "Item 1A – Risk Factors."
Our products are sold in approximately 50,000 retail locations worldwide, including approximately 3,100 brand-dedicated stores and shop-in-shops. In the United States, chain retailers and department stores have traditionally been the primary distribution channels for our Levi's® and Dockers® products. Outside the United States, department stores, specialty retailers, franchised or other brand-dedicated stores and shop-in-shops have traditionally been our primary distribution channels. Levi's® and Dockers® products are also sold through our brand-dedicated company-operated retail stores and through our global digital business, which includes our company-operated e-commerce sites as well as the online businesses of our wholesale customers, including those of traditional wholesalers as well as pure-play (online-only) wholesalers. Beyond Yoga® products are sold in the United States primarily through specialty retailers, pure-play wholesalers and a company-operated brand dedicated e-commerce site. We distribute Signature by Levi Strauss & Co.™ and Denizen® brand products primarily through mass channel retailers in the Americas, including the e-commerce sites operated by some of our key wholesale customers and other pure-play customers.
We were founded in San Francisco, California in 1853 and were incorporated in Delaware in 1970. We conduct our operations outside the United States through foreign subsidiaries. Our primary corporate office is located at Levi's Plaza, 1155 Battery Street, San Francisco, California 94111, and our main telephone number is (415) 501-6000.
Our website – www.levistrauss.com – contains additional and detailed information about our history, our products and our commitments. Financial news and reports and related information about our company can be found at levistrauss.com/investors/financial-news.
We file or furnish electronically with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). We make copies of these reports available free of charge through our investor relations website as soon as reasonably practicable after we file or furnish them with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding Levi Strauss and other issuers that file electronically with the SEC.
Information contained on or accessible through our websites is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this Annual Report or any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any references to our websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.
Our Business Strategies
Our growth and financial performance over the last several years resulted from the key growth strategies our management team adopted to guide the decisions and choices that we've made. In fiscal 2021, we shifted our focus to prioritize the most important areas that we believe will drive our long-term success. The following three “where to play” choices serve as our strategic framework for what we intend to achieve:
•Brand Led: Our brands are authentic, original and loved by consumers the world over. We plan to continue to elevate and strengthen them through integrating product, design, marketing and consumer in-store experience with a global vision executed consistently across the markets where we operate. Through product and communications that drive impact and engage the hearts and minds of our consumers, we intend to maintain our existing consumers while also creating new life-long fans. Driven by conscious consumerism and denim and style leadership, our goal is to maintain market share leadership in Levi’s® men’s and grow market share in Levi’s® women’s and with youth. We believe that a critical part of this will be our continued thought leadership in areas where our values and brands go hand in hand — like equality, sustainability and civic engagement — to drive brand equity. Similarly, we will apply the same ambitions to Dockers®, Signature by Levi Strauss & Co. TM, Denizen® and Beyond Yoga®.
•DTC First: Our direct-to-consumer ("DTC") business has grown from 20% of our net revenues in 2011 to nearly 40% of our net revenues in fiscal year 2021, and our ambition is to drive this toward 60% of our annual net revenues by 2030. Our DTC channels allow us to connect directly with our consumers and deliver the best experience for them because we control their brand experience. As a result, we plan to accelerate investing in our stores and online platforms to elevate consumer experiences in store and online, and expand our brick-and-mortar retail footprint, with a focus on mainline expansion as a step to continue elevating the brand in key markets, to create the kind of memorable connections that make loyal fans for life, ultimately benefiting our business across all channels. One of our “DTC First” strategic priorities is to further develop an omni-channel shopping experience for our customers
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through the integration of our store and digital shopping channels. Our omni-channel initiatives include cross-channel logistics optimization and exploring additional ways to develop an omni-channel shopping experience, including further digital integration and customer personalization. We believe growth of our DTC business will be accretive to our company gross margins and improve the overall profitability of the company. Over time, we plan to operate more like a retailer and less like a wholesaler, and pivot everything we do to drive success in our stores and online.
•Further Diversify our Portfolio: We plan to further capitalize on our substantial opportunity to amplify our reach and grow share across geographies, categories, genders and channels, increasing our flexibility and resilience. We plan to continue to drive growth in our international business, with a specific focus on China. By 2030, we plan to achieve gender parity by driving outsized growth in women’s, as well as in our product categories beyond jeans—tops, accessories, outerwear, footwear, non-denim bottoms and activewear—which collectively we intend to comprise more than half our annual net revenues. In the wholesale channel, we plan to grow our business with partners that are growing, allowing us to unlock the opportunity to elevate the Levi’s® brand as well as increase the penetration of our value brands. We expect continued growth of the online business of our pure-play and traditional wholesale customers, leading to a total global digital footprint—inclusive of our own e-commerce business—comprising more than a third of our annual net revenues by 2030. Finally, we will also evaluate opportunities to diversify our portfolio of brands through accretive organic and inorganic acquisitions that make strategic and financial sense, and that are consistent with our company culture, such as the acquisition of activewear brand Beyond Yoga® that we completed during the fourth quarter of this year.
Our success will be driven not just by what we do, but how we do it. Our three strategic choices are supported by a foundation of the following three “how to win” choices:
•Digital Transformation: Our vision for enterprise-wide digital transformation is to create a superior consumer experience and drive profitability through digital technology, data and artificial intelligence ("AI"), and new ways of working. We plan to continue to build out key omni-channel capabilities on a global basis, upgrading and improving our digital shopping platforms globally. We also plan to adopt digital tools across the business to harness the competitive advantage our data provides — allowing us to make data and AI-informed decisions, respond more quickly to market trends and focus our time on the most strategic work. We will continue to upgrade our enterprise resource planning system in the coming years, automating and digitizing processes, while linking our enterprise systems in a seamless manner, creating a more simplified work environment. We believe all these efforts will contribute towards growing our digital footprint and higher operating margins.
•Operational Excellence: To stay one step ahead of the competition, we must continue to embrace agility, reduce complexity and execute consistently, always striving to find more streamlined ways of working. For example, we have taken and will continue to take steps to improve our speed to market calendar and agility with a focus on servicing consumer demand globally, such as creating fewer touch points as merchandise goes to market and leveraging our F.L.X. technology, which uses lasers to digitize denim finish design, to improve operational agility and improved inventory management. We expect that by simplifying the way we work and driving more efficiency and agility in responding to changes in consumer demand, we will see improved inventory turns, reduced lead times and improvements in working capital and our cash conversion cycle.
•Financial Discipline: We plan to continue to manage our costs aggressively so that we can invest in the areas that will drive growth and help us deliver Adjusted EBIT margins in excess of 12%. For the fiscal year ended November 28, 2021, our Adjusted EBIT margin grew to 12.4% and our intent is to see modest Adjusted EBIT margin improvement annually. As we grow net revenues and gross margins, we plan to drive leverage on our investments, improve our structural economics across channels, and deliver returns on invested capital in the mid-to-high twenties. For more information on our calculation of Adjusted EBIT margin, Adjusted EBIT and return on invested capital, see “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis – Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
Our Brands and Products
We offer a broad range of products including jeans, casual and dress pants, activewear, tops, shorts, skirts, dresses, jackets, footwear and related accessories. Across all of our brands, pants – including jeans, casual pants, dress pants and activewear – represented 67%, 65% and 65% of our total units sold in fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Men's products generated 65%, 64% and 67% of our net revenues in fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
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Levi's® Brand
The Levi's® brand epitomizes classic, authentic American style and effortless cool. Levi's® is an authentic and original lifestyle brand and the #1 brand globally in jeanswear (measured by total retail sales). Since their inception in 1873, Levi's® jeans have become one of the most recognizable garments in the world – reflecting the aspirations and earning the loyalty of people for generations. Consumers around the world instantly recognize the distinctive traits of Levi's® jeans, including the Arcuate Stitching Design and the Red Tab Device. The Levi's® brand continues to evolve to meet the tastes of today's consumers, driven by its distinctive pioneering and innovative spirit. Our range of leading jeanswear, other apparel items and accessories for men, women and children is available in more than 110 countries, allowing individuals around the world to express their personal style.
The Levi's® brand encompasses a range of products. Levi's® Red Tab™ products are the foundation of the brand, consisting of a wide spectrum of jeans and jeanswear offered in a variety of fits, fabrics, finishes, styles and price points intended to appeal to a broad spectrum of consumers. The line includes the iconic 501® jean, the original and best-selling five-pocket jean of all time. The line also incorporates a full range of jeanswear fits and styles designed specifically for women. Sales of Red Tab™ products represented the majority of our Levi's® brand net revenues globally in fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019. We also offer premium products around the world under the Levi's® brand, including a range of premium pants, tops, shorts, skirts, jackets, footwear, and related accessories.
Our Levi's® brand products accounted for 87% of our net revenues in each of the fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, approximately half of which were generated in our Americas segment.
Signature by Levi Strauss & Co.™ and Denizen® Brands
In addition to our Levi's® brand, we offer the Signature by Levi Strauss & Co.™ and Denizen® brands, which are focused on value-conscious consumers who seek quality craftsmanship and great fit and style at affordable prices. We offer denim jeans, casual pants, tops and jackets in a variety of fits, fabrics and finishes for men, women and children under the Signature by Levi Strauss & Co.™ brand through the mass retail channel in the United States and Canada. The Denizen® brand was introduced in the United States starting in 2011, and includes a variety of jeans to complement active lifestyles and to empower consumers to express their aspirations, individuality and attitudes. The Denizen® brand is sold through wholesale accounts in the United States.
Our Signature by Levi Strauss & Co.™ and Denizen® brand products collectively accounted for 8%, 8% and 7% of our net revenues in fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Dockers® Brand
Founded in 1986, the Dockers® brand sparked a revolution in the way millions of men dressed around the world, shifting from the standard issue suit to a more casual look. More than 30 years later, the Dockers® brand now embodies California style, bringing a full range of casual, versatile styles for men and women.
Our Dockers® brand products accounted for 5%, 5% and 6% of our net revenues in fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are sold in more than 50 countries.
Beyond Yoga® Brand
Our Beyond Yoga® brand is a body positive, premium athleisure apparel brand focused on quality, fit and comfort for all shapes and sizes. Beyond Yoga® was founded in 2005 to promote body positivity, honoring and celebrating every body from XXS-4X. We completed the acquisition of the Beyond Yoga® brand in the fourth quarter of 2021.
Licensing
The appeal of our brands across consumer groups and our global reach enable us to license our Levi's® and Dockers® trademarks for a variety of product categories in multiple markets globally, including footwear, belts, wallets and bags, outerwear, sweaters, dress shirts, kidswear, sleepwear and hosiery. Licensing accounted for 2% of our total net revenues in each of fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019.
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We enter into licensing agreements with our licensees covering royalty payments, product design and manufacturing standards, marketing and sale of licensed products, and protection of our trademarks. We require our licensees to follow our sustainability strategy, policies and guidelines, including being compliant with our code of conduct for contract manufacturing and engage independent monitors to perform regular on-site inspections and assessments of production facilities.
Sales, Distribution and Customers
We recognize wholesale revenue from sales of our products through third-party retailers such as department stores, specialty retailers, third-party e-commerce sites and franchise locations dedicated to our brands. We also sell our products directly to consumers through a variety of formats, including our own company-operated mainline and outlet stores, company-operated e-commerce sites and select shop-in-shops located in department stores and other third-party retail locations.
We seek to make our products available where consumers shop, providing both in-store and online shopping experiences, as well as offering products that are appropriately tailored for our wholesale customers and their retail consumers. We take care to select wholesale customers and distributors that we believe will represent our brands in a manner consistent with our values and growth strategies. Sales to our top ten wholesale customers for fiscal year 2021, fiscal year 2020, and fiscal year 2019, totaled 32%, 29% and 26% of our net revenues in those fiscal years, respectively. No single customer represented 10% or more of our net revenues in any of these years.
We also sell our products directly to consumers through shop-in-shops located in certain of our wholesale customers’ and other third-party retail locations. Typically, this format is conducted on a concession basis, whereby the inventory continues to be owned by us (not the retailer) until ultimate sale to the end consumer. The salespeople involved in these transactions are generally our employees and not those of the retailer. We recognize revenue in the amount of the sale to the end consumer, while paying our partners a commission. We operated approximately 500 of these shop-in-shops as of November 28, 2021.
Dedicated Stores and E-commerce Sites
We believe retail stores dedicated to our brands are important for the growth, visibility, availability and commercial success of our brands, and they are an increasingly important part of our "DTC First" strategy. Our brand-dedicated stores are either operated by us or by independent third parties such as franchisees. In addition to the dedicated stores, we maintain brand-dedicated e-commerce sites that sell products directly to consumers.
Company-operated brick-and-mortar retail stores. Our company-operated retail stores, comprising both mainline and outlet stores, generated 25%, 26% and 27% of our net revenues in fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of November 28, 2021, we had 1,083 company-operated stores located in 37 countries. The majority of the stores are dedicated to the Levi's® brand, with 360 stores in the Americas, 344 stores in Europe, and 328 stores in Asia. We had 51 Dockers® brand-dedicated stores globally. During 2021, we added 92 company-operated stores and closed 51 stores.
Franchised and other stores. Franchised, licensed, or other forms of brand-dedicated stores operated by independent third parties sell Levi's® and Dockers® products in markets outside the United States. There were approximately 1,300 of these stores as of November 28, 2021, and they are a key element of our international distribution. In addition to these stores, we consider our network of brand-dedicated shop-in-shops, which are located within department stores and may be either operated directly by us or third parties, to be an important component of our retail distribution in international markets. Outside the United States, approximately 200 of these shop-in-shops were operated by third parties as of November 28, 2021.
E-commerce sites. We maintain brand-dedicated e-commerce sites, including www.levi.com, www.dockers.com and www.beyondyoga.com, that sell products directly to consumers across multiple markets around the world. These sites represented 8%, 8% and 5% of overall net revenues in fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019; and 21%, 21% and 14% of DTC channel net revenues in fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019.
Seasonality of Sales
We typically achieve our largest quarterly revenues in the fourth quarter. In fiscal year 2021, our net revenues in the first, second, third and fourth quarters represented 23%, 22%, 26% and 29%, respectively, of our total net revenues for the year. In fiscal year 2020, our net revenues in the first, second, third and fourth quarters represented 34%, 11%, 24% and 31%, respectively, of our total net revenues for the year.
We typically achieve a significant amount of revenues from our DTC channel on the Friday following Thanksgiving Day, which is commonly referred to as Black Friday. Due to the timing of our fiscal year end, a particular fiscal year might include one, two or no Black Fridays, which could impact our net revenues for the fiscal year. Fiscal year 2019 did not have a Black Friday, while fiscal year 2020 had two Black Fridays. Fiscal year 2021 included one Black Friday.
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We use a 52- or 53- week fiscal year, with each fiscal year ending on the Sunday that is closest to November 30 of that year. Certain of our foreign subsidiaries have fiscal years ending November 30. Each fiscal year generally consists of four 13-week quarters, with each quarter ending on the Sunday that is closest to the last day of the month of that quarter. Fiscal year 2021 was a 53-week year, ending on November 28, 2021, and fiscal years 2020 and 2019 were 52-week years, ending on November 29, 2020 and November 24, 2019, respectively. Each quarter of fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019 consisted of 13 weeks, with the exception of the fourth quarter of 2020, which consisted of 14 weeks.
The level of our working capital reflects the seasonality of our business. We expect inventory, accounts payable and accrued expenses to be higher in the second and third quarters in preparation for the fourth quarter selling season, but they could also be impacted by other events affecting retail sales, including adverse weather conditions or other macroeconomic events, including pandemics such as COVID-19.
Effects of Inflation
We do not believe that inflation had a material effect on our results of operations in fiscal 2021, 2020 or 2019; however, our business could be affected by inflation in the future, which we plan to mitigate through a combination of pricing actions and operating efficiencies, although these actions could have an adverse impact on demand.
Marketing and Promotion
Our marketing is rooted in globally consistent brand messages that reflect the unique attributes of our brands, including the Levi's® brand as the authentic and original jeanswear brand and Dockers® brand as the definitive khaki. We continually strengthen our portfolio of brands and our positioning at the center of popular culture with a diverse mix of marketing initiatives to drive consumer demand, such as through social media and digital and mobile outlets, sponsorships, product placement in leading fashion magazines and with celebrities, television and radio advertisements, personal sponsorships and endorsements, and selective collaborations with key influencers, integrating ourselves with significant cultural events, and on-the-ground efforts such as street-level events and similar targeted "viral" marketing activities. We also connect with sport and music fans across the world, including through the naming rights to the stadium for the San Francisco 49ers, which we secured in 2013.
We are focused on strengthening our brands globally. Through product and communications, our plan is to drive impact and engage the hearts and minds of our consumers while connecting directly and delivering the best experience possible through our DTC channel. In 2021, we launched our Global TikTok channel and began holding shoppable livestream events on levi.com. To celebrate the birthday of the Levi’s® 501® jean, which has provided effortless cool style to working men and women, rock stars and everyone in between for decades, the Levi’s® brand threw a global virtual festival. Broadcast around the world from our official @Levis Instagram account, the festival featured musical performances, meaningful conversations and DIY denim personalization and repair sessions with in-house tailors. We also continued to bring energy to the market through a number of exciting, high profile collaborations with Valentino, Miu Miu and Denim Tears, yielding strong sell-throughs and elevating the brand with distribution in premium doors and features across leading publications. We also introduced Tailor Shop Virtual Workshops, began piloting self check-out, and launched a Shop the Store function on our app in the Americas.
Our marketing organization includes both global and commercial marketing teams. Our global marketing team is responsible for developing a toolkit of marketing assets and brand guidelines to be applied across all marketing activities, including media, engagement, brand environment and in-store activation. Our commercial marketing teams adapt global tools for local relevance and execute marketing strategies within the markets where we operate.
We also use our websites, including www.levi.com, www.dockers.com, and www.beyondyoga.com in relevant markets to enhance consumer understanding of our brands and help consumers find and buy our products. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, these websites is not intended to be incorporated by reference into this Annual Report and references to our website addressed in this Annual Report are inactive textual references only.
Sourcing and Logistics
Organization. Our global sourcing and logistics organizations are responsible for taking a product from the design concept stage through production to delivery to our customers. Our objective is to leverage our global scale to achieve product development and sourcing efficiencies and reduce total product and distribution costs while maintaining our focus on product quality, local service levels and working capital management. Our presence in more than 110 countries enables us to leverage our global scale for product development and sourcing while using our local expertise to tailor products and retail experiences to individual markets. Our integrated production development and distribution platform enables us to achieve operating efficiencies and deliver superior quality products.
Product procurement. We source nearly all of our products through independent contract manufacturers. We may have minimum inventory purchase commitments, including fabric commitments, with suppliers that secure a portion of material
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needs for future seasons. The remainder is sourced from our company-operated manufacturing and finishing plants. See "Item 2 – Properties" for more information about these manufacturing facilities.
Sources and availability of raw materials. The principal fibers used in the majority of our products include cotton, synthetics and man-made cellulosics that are used to produce fabrics of 100% composition or blends. The prices we pay our suppliers for our products are dependent in part on the market price for raw materials used to produce them, primarily cotton. The price and availability of cotton may fluctuate substantially, depending on a variety of factors. The price fluctuations impact the cost of our products in future seasons due to the lead time of our product development cycle. Fluctuations in product costs can cause a decrease in our profitability if product pricing actions taken in response are insufficient or if those actions cause our wholesale customers or retail consumers to reduce the volumes they purchase.
Sourcing locations. We use numerous independent contract manufacturers located throughout the world for the production and finishing of our garments. We conduct assessments of political, social, environmental, economic, trade, labor and intellectual property protection conditions in the countries in which we source our products before placing production in those countries and on an ongoing basis. We also monitor ongoing global trade regulations to optimize our supply chain networks in response to changes in tariffs or other trade policies around the world.
Due to COVID-19 related lockdowns in certain countries, in fiscal year 2021, we sourced products from independent contract manufacturers located in approximately 22 countries around the world, with no more than 25% sourced from any single country, an increase from our standard practice of sourcing less than 20% from any single country. We expect to return to our historical practice in 2023, assuming product costs, including inflationary impacts, return to pre-pandemic levels. We sourced products in North and South Asia, the Americas, including the United States, Europe and Africa.
Sourcing practices. Our sourcing practices include these elements:
•We require all third-party vendors, including licensees and their authorized subcontractors, who manufacture or finish products for us to contribute to our sustainability goals and to follow all established policies and guidelines. They must comply with our code of conduct relating to supplier working conditions as well as environmental, employment and sourcing practices.
•Our supplier code of conduct covers employment practices such as wages and benefits, working hours, health and safety, working age and discriminatory practices, environmental matters such as wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal, and ethical and legal conduct. We regularly evaluate and refine our code of conduct processes.
•We regularly assess manufacturing and finishing facilities against our supplier code of conduct through periodic on-site facility inspections and improvement activities, including use of independent monitors to supplement our internal staff. We integrate review and performance results into our sourcing decisions. We encourage collaboration among apparel companies in factory monitoring and improvement.
•We regularly disclose the names and locations of our vendors to provide transparency into our supply chain. We regularly evaluate and refine our supplier code of conduct processes.
Logistics. We use company-operated and third-party distribution facilities to warehouse and ship products to our wholesale customers, retail stores and e-commerce customers. For more information, see "Item 2 – Properties." Distribution center activities include receiving finished goods from our contract manufacturers and plants, inspecting those products, preparing them for retail presentation, and shipping them to our customers and to our own stores. Our distribution centers maintain a combination of replenishment and seasonal inventory. In certain locations around the globe, we have consolidated our distribution centers to service multiple countries.
Competition
The global apparel industry is highly competitive and fragmented. It is characterized by low barriers to entry, brands targeted at specific consumer segments, many regional and local competitors, and an increasing number of global competitors. Principal competitive factors include:
•anticipating and responding to changing consumer preferences and buying trends in a timely manner, and ensuring product availability at wholesale and DTC channels;
•developing high-quality, innovative products with relevant designs, fits, finishes, fabrics, style and performance features that meet consumer desires and trends;
•maintaining favorable and strong brand name recognition and appeal through strong and effective marketing support and consumer intelligence in diverse market segments;
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•identifying and securing desirable new retail locations and presenting products effectively at company-operated retail and franchised and other brand-dedicated stores;
•ensuring high-profile product placement at retailers;
•anticipating and responding to consumer expectations regarding e-commerce shopping and shipping;
•optimizing supply chain cost efficiencies and product development cycle lead times;
•creating products at a range of price points that appeal to the consumers of both our wholesale customers and our dedicated retail stores and e-commerce sites situated in each of our geographic regions; and
•generating competitive economics for wholesale customers, including retailers, franchisees, and licensees.
We believe we compete favorably with respect to these factors.
We face competition from a broad range of competitors at the global and local levels in diverse channels across a wide range of retail price points, and some of our competitors are larger and have more resources in the markets in which we operate. Our primary competitors include vertically integrated specialty stores, jeanswear brands, khakiwear brands, athletic and activewear companies, retailers' private or exclusive labels, and certain e-commerce sites.
Government Regulations
Our business activities are global and are subject to various federal, state, local, and foreign laws, rules and regulations. For example, substantially all of our import operations are subject to complex trade and customs laws, regulations and tax requirements such as sanctions orders or tariffs set by governments through mutual agreements or unilateral actions. In addition, the countries in which our products are manufactured or imported may from time to time impose additional duties, tariffs or other restrictions on our imports or adversely modify existing restrictions. Changes in tax policy or trade regulations, or the imposition of new tariffs on imported products, could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Compliance with these laws, rules and regulations has not had, and is not expected to have, a material effect on our capital expenditures, results of operations and competitive position as compared to prior periods, and we do not currently anticipate material capital expenditures for environmental control facilities. For more information on the potential impacts of government regulations affecting our business, see "Item 1A - Risk Factors".
Intellectual Property
We have more than 5,700 trademark registrations and pending applications in approximately 180 jurisdictions worldwide, and we acquire rights in new trademarks according to business needs. Substantially all of our global trademarks are owned by Levi Strauss & Co. We regard our trademarks as one of our most valuable assets and believe they have substantial value in the marketing of our products. The Levi's®, Dockers®, Beyond Yoga® and 501® trademarks, the Arcuate Stitching Design, the Tab Device, the Two Horse® Design, the Housemark and the Wings and Anchor Design are among our core trademarks.
We protect these trademarks by registering them with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and with governmental agencies in other countries, particularly where our products are manufactured or sold. We work vigorously to enforce and protect our trademark rights by engaging in regular market reviews, helping local law enforcement authorities detect and prosecute counterfeiters, issuing cease-and-desist letters against third parties infringing or denigrating our trademarks, opposing registration of infringing trademarks, and initiating litigation as necessary. We are currently pursuing over 290 infringement matters around the world. We also work with trade groups and industry participants seeking to strengthen laws relating to the protection of intellectual property rights in markets around the world.
As of November 28, 2021, we had 27 issued U.S. patents and 48 U.S. patent applications pending. Our patents expire between 2025 and 2040. We also have 41 international and foreign patent applications pending. We will continually assess the ability to patent new intellectual property as we develop technologies that we believe are innovative, such as our F.L.X. technology.
History and Corporate Citizenship
Our story began in San Francisco, California in 1853 as a wholesale dry goods business. We invented the blue jean 20 years later. In 1873, we received a U.S. patent for “waist overalls” with metal rivets at points of strain. The first product line designated by the lot number "501" was created in 1890.
In the 19 th and early 20 th centuries, our work pants were worn primarily by cowboys, miners and other working men in the western United States. Then, in 1934, we introduced our first jeans for women, and after World War II, our jeans began to appeal to a wider market. By the 1960s, they had become a symbol of American culture, representing a unique blend of history
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and youth. We opened our export and international businesses in the 1950s and 1960s, respectively. The Dockers® brand helped drive "Casual Friday" in the 1990s and has been a cornerstone of casual menswear for more than 30 years.
Today, descendants of the family of Levi Strauss continue to be actively involved in our company. Our Class B common stock is primarily owned by these descendants and their relatives and trusts established for their behalf. In order to facilitate a forum for frequent, open and constructive dialogue between us and these stockholders, the family members have organized a family council, which engages with us on topics of mutual interest, such as our industry, governance, ownership and philanthropy. Management shares information and interacts with the family members, including the family council, in a manner consistent with all applicable laws and regulations.
Throughout this long history, we have upheld our strong belief that we can help shape society through civic engagement and community involvement, responsible labor and workplace practices, philanthropy, ethical conduct, environmental stewardship and transparency. We engage in a "profits through principles" business approach and constantly strive to set higher standards for ourselves and the industry. Our milestone initiatives over the years include: integrating our factories prior to the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; developing a comprehensive supplier code of conduct that requires safe and healthy working conditions before such codes of conduct became commonplace among multinational apparel companies; offering benefits to same-sex partners in the 1990s, long before most other companies; and in early 2020, offering up to eight weeks of paid family leave to help ease the strain on U.S.-based employees caring for an immediate family member with a serious medical condition.
Environmental, Social and Governance and Human Capital
Environmental, Social and Governance
We continue to deliver industry-leading sustainability approaches and product innovations that support our vision of a circular economy, an economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources, in the apparel industry. In 2021, we achieved a number of important milestones and received welcome recognition, including the release of our first annual sustainability report informed by Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and Sustainable Accounting Standard Board (SASB) standards. In 2021, we also launched Buy Better, Wear Longer, a global marketing campaign that urges customers to be more intentional about purchasing decisions and launched Levi’s® Secondhand a buy back and resale platform that extends our products’ useful lives.
Our Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") strategy centers on three main pillars — climate, consumption, and community — that encompass where we are putting our energy and how we see our obligations in and beyond this moment. Our climate pillar encompasses environmental impacts, including climate action, water stewardship and biodiversity; our consumption pillar encompasses the circular economy, sustainable fibers, use of safer chemicals and waste reduction; and our community pillar encompasses social and societal impacts, including diversity, equity and inclusion, employee support and development, supply chain transparency, standards and improvements, using our voice, and philanthropy and volunteering. To achieve our goals, we plan to continue fortifying each pillar, to deliver meaningful progress while evolving our efforts to ensure our business becomes more sustainable, day by day.
While we take great pride in being a leader in these efforts, we know continued action is necessary to meet our future targets and drive the change we need to see in our industry. We’re proud to report that our owned-and-operated facilities now source approximately 70% of electricity from renewable sources, with the goal of 100% by 2025, in line with our science-based targets on climate to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This effort was buoyed by the installation of a solar array in 2020 at our LEED Platinum certified distribution center in Henderson, Nevada, which will help offset approximately 20% of that facility's electricity use.
Human Capital Management
As of November 28, 2021, we employed approximately 16,600 people, approximately 7,700 of whom were located in the Americas, 4,600 of whom were located in Europe, and 4,300 of whom were located in Asia. As of such date, approximately 1,600 of our employees were associated with the manufacturing and procurement of our products, 8,700 worked in retail, including seasonal employees, 1,500 worked in distribution and 4,800 were other non-production employees. As of November 28, 2021, approximately 4,150 of our employees were represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have not experienced any work stoppages, and we consider our relations with our employees to be good.
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Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. We believe in living our values: originality, empathy, integrity and courage. This means we strive to create a workplace where everyone feels valued, empowered and welcomed to be their authentic selves.
Since 2018, our workforce diversity, equity and inclusion ("DE&I") efforts have been focused on empowering women, measuring and ensuring pay equity and recruiting diverse talent. Some of our key achievements include establishing a DE&I function, launching employee resource groups and career development programs for underrepresented populations and fostering inclusion and allyship globally.
In 2020, we made a series of new commitments to hire, support, promote and elevate diversity at the company, with a goal to ensure our workforce is as diverse as the communities we serve. This includes our specific commitments to improve our representation in our corporate and leadership ranks, ensure an inclusive culture and advocate externally in support of racial justice. We published our U.S. demographic representation data for the first time ever, with a commitment to share annually.
In fiscal year 2021, we hired a Chief Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Officer, welcomed our first Black board of directors member and hired an executive to lead University & Diversity Talent Acquisition, roles that we believe will help guide and enable our global commitment to diversity, inclusion, and belonging. Also beginning in 2021, we began tying a portion of our senior executive compensation to the achievement of certain multi-year diversity, equity and inclusion goals.
Pay Equity. In fiscal year 2020, we conducted a pay equity study for our U.S. non-union population. The study considered job level, performance, experience, and other factors such as promotion recency to examine our relative pay practices across gender and ethnicity in each population. We did not find any significant pay differences across gender and ethnicity. We have committed to conduct this study in the U.S. every other year and are working on a global approach that is appropriate for countries with smaller employee counts. In fiscal year 2021, we conducted pay transparency insights sessions with people managers to ensure pay equity practices were sustained.
Total Rewards. Our benefits are designed to help employees and their families stay healthy, meet their financial goals, protect their income and help them balance their work and personal lives. These benefits include health and wellness, paid time off, employee assistance, competitive pay, career growth opportunities, paid volunteer time, product discounts, and a culture of recognition.
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Item 1A. | RISK FACTORS

Investing in our Class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider and carefully read all of the risks and uncertainties described below, as well as other information included in this Annual Report and in our other public filings. The risks described below are not the only ones facing us. The occurrence of any of the following risks or additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In such case, the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your original investment. This Annual Report also contains forward-looking statements and estimates that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of specific factors, including the risks and uncertainties described below.
Risks Relating to Macroeconomic Conditions and Our Industry
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an adverse effect on our business and results of operations, and we expect this adverse impact to continue.
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted consumer spending and global supply chains, and created significant volatility and disruption of financial markets. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an adverse impact on our business and financial performance, particularly in fiscal year 2020, and we expect this adverse impact to continue. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and financial performance, including our ability to execute our near-term and long-term business strategies and initiatives in the expected time frame, will depend on future developments, including the duration, severity and any resurgences of the pandemic, which are uncertain and cannot be predicted.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and in response to government mandates or recommendations, as well as decisions we have made to protect the health and safety of our employees, consumers and communities, we temporarily closed a significant number of our stores globally. While most of our stores have reopened, we may face new or longer term store closure requirements and other operational restrictions with respect to some or all of our physical locations for prolonged periods of time due to, among other factors, evolving and increasingly stringent governmental restrictions including public health directives and vaccine mandates, quarantine policies or social distancing measures. In addition, many of our customers, including significant customers in our wholesale and franchise distribution channels, have closed many of their stores, either temporarily or permanently, which has adversely impacted our revenues from these customers and franchisees. As a result, we expect our financial results to continue to be adversely impacted.
In addition, consumer fears about becoming ill with the disease may continue, which has and is likely to continue to adversely affect foot traffic to our and our customers' stores. Consumer spending generally has and may in the future also be negatively impacted by general macroeconomic conditions and consumer confidence, including the impacts of any recession or inflationary pressures, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. This may negatively impact sales in our stores and our e-commerce channel and may cause our wholesale customers to purchase fewer products from us. Furthermore, if sales do not meet expectations because of unexpected effects on consumer demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the resulting surplus inventory may cause excessive markdowns and, therefore, lower than planned gross margins. Any continued significant reduction in consumer visits to, or spending at, our and our customers' stores, caused by COVID-19, and any continued decreased spending at stores or online caused by decreased consumer confidence and spending following the pandemic, would result in a loss of sales and profits and, as a result, adversely impact our financial results.
The COVID-19 pandemic also has the potential to significantly impact our supply chain if the factories that manufacture our products, the distribution centers where we manage our inventory, or the operations of our logistics and other service providers are disrupted, temporarily closed or experience worker shortages. Current vessel, container and other transportation shortages, labor shortages and port congestion globally have delayed and are expected to continue to delay inventory orders and, in turn, deliveries to our wholesale customers and availability in our company-operated stores and e-commerce sites. These supply chain and logistics disruptions have impacted our inventory levels and net revenues, particularly in the fourth quarter of 2021, and could impact our sales volumes in future periods. For example, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, such supply chain disruptions resulted in lost revenues of an estimated $50 million. We have also incurred in the fourth quarter of 2021, higher freight and other distribution costs, including air freight, to mitigate these delays. We are also seeing negative impacts to pricing of certain components of our products as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the event we increase prices of our products, there can be no assurance that consumers will accept such increases, which could adversely impact our financial results.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including related governmental guidance or requirements, we also closed many of our corporate office and other facilities, including our corporate headquarters in San Francisco, and implemented a work from home policy for many of our corporate employees. Although we recently reopened our corporate offices and other facilities and have implemented a hybrid work policy for our corporate employees, we may face future closure requirements and other
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operational restrictions due to, among other factors, evolving governmental restrictions including public health directives, quarantine policies, social distancing requirements or vaccine mandates. This hybrid policy may negatively impact productivity and cause other disruptions to our business. Longer term, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may also threaten the health of our employees and adversely impact our health care costs.
We continue to monitor the latest developments regarding the pandemic and have made certain assumptions regarding the pandemic for purposes of our operating, financial and tax planning projections, including assumptions regarding the duration and severity of the pandemic and the global macroeconomic impacts of the pandemic. However, we are unable to accurately predict the extent of the impact of the pandemic on our business, operations, and financial condition due to the uncertainty of future developments. In particular, we believe the ultimate impacts on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition will depend on, among other things, the further spread and duration of COVID-19, including the impact of variants and resurgences, the requirements to take action to help limit the spread of the illness, the availability, widespread distribution, and acceptance of vaccines and treatments for COVID-19 and the economic impacts of the pandemic, including recent inflationary pressures. Even in those regions where we have experienced business recovery, should those regions fail to fully contain COVID-19 or suffer a COVID-19 relapse, those markets may not recover as quickly or at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. The pandemic may also affect our business, operations or financial condition in a manner that is not presently known to us or that we currently do not consider to present significant risks.
Global economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
The uncertain state of the global economy continues to impact businesses around the world. If global economic and financial market conditions deteriorate, the following factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition:
•Our sales are impacted by discretionary spending by consumers. Declines in consumer spending have in the past and in the future may result in reduced demand for our products, increased inventories, reduced orders from retailers for our products, order cancellations, lower revenues, higher discounts, and lower gross margins.
•In the future, we may be unable to access financing in the credit and capital markets at reasonable rates in the event we find it desirable to do so.
•We conduct transactions in various currencies, which creates exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. Dollar. Continued volatility in the markets and exchange rates for foreign currencies and contracts in foreign currencies could have a significant impact on our reported operating results and financial condition.
•Continued volatility in the availability and prices for commodities and raw materials we use in our products and in our supply chain (such as cotton) and related inflationary pressures could have a material adverse effect on our costs, gross margins and profitability.
•If retailers of our products experience declining revenues or have trouble obtaining financing in the capital and credit markets to purchase our products, this could result in reduced orders for our products, order cancellations, late retailer payments, extended payment terms, higher accounts receivable, reduced cash flows, greater expense associated with collection efforts and increased bad debt expense.
•If retailers of our products experience severe financial difficulty, some may become insolvent and cease business operations, which could negatively impact the sale of our products to consumers. If contract manufacturers of our products or other participants in our supply chain experience difficulty obtaining financing in the capital and credit markets to purchase raw materials or to finance capital equipment and other general working capital needs, it may result in delays or non-delivery of shipments of our products.
In uncertain economic environments, we cannot predict whether or when such circumstances may improve or worsen, or what impact, if any, such circumstances could have on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial position.
We are a global company with significant revenues and earnings generated internationally, which exposes us to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, as well as political and economic risks.
A significant portion of our revenues and earnings are generated internationally. In addition, a substantial amount of our products comes from sources outside the country of distribution. As a result, we are both directly and indirectly (through our suppliers) subject to the risks of doing business outside the United States, including:
•currency fluctuations, which have impacted our results of operations significantly in recent years;
•political, economic and social instability;
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•changes in tariffs and taxes;
•inflationary pressures;
•regulatory restrictions on our ability to operate in our preferred manner;
•rapidly changing regulatory restrictions and requirements, including in the areas of data privacy, sustainability and responses to climate change, which could result in regulatory uncertainty as well as potential significant increases in compliance costs; and
•less protective foreign laws relating to intellectual property.
The functional currency for most of our foreign operations is the applicable local currency. As a result, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates affect the results of our operations and the value of our foreign assets and liabilities, including debt, which in turn may adversely affect results of operations and cash flows and the comparability of period-to-period results of operations. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may also affect the relative prices at which we and foreign competitors sell products in the same market. Foreign governmental policies and actions regarding currency valuation could result in actions by the United States and other countries to offset the effects of such fluctuations. Given the unpredictability and volatility of foreign currency exchange rates, ongoing or unusual volatility may adversely impact our business and financial conditions.
Furthermore, due to our global operations, we are subject to numerous domestic and foreign laws and regulations affecting our business, such as those related to labor, employment, worker health and safety, antitrust and competition, environmental protection, consumer protection, privacy, and anti-corruption, including but not limited to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the "FCPA") and the U.K. Bribery Act. Although we have put into place policies and procedures aimed at ensuring legal and regulatory compliance, our employees, subcontractors, and agents could take actions that violate these requirements. Violations of these regulations could subject us to criminal or civil enforcement actions, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business.
We may be adversely affected by the financial health of our customers.
We extend credit to our customers based on an assessment of a customer's financial condition, generally without requiring collateral. To assist in the scheduling of production and the shipping of our products, we offer certain customers the opportunity to place orders five to six months ahead of delivery under our futures ordering program. These advance orders may be canceled under certain conditions, and the risk of cancellation may increase when dealing with financially unstable retailers or retailers struggling with economic uncertainty. In the past, some customers have experienced financial difficulties up to and including bankruptcies, which have had an adverse effect on our sales, our ability to collect on receivables and our financial condition. When the retail economy weakens or as consumer behavior shifts, retailers may be more cautious with orders. A slowing or changing economy in our key markets could adversely affect the financial health of our customers, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, product sales are dependent in part on high quality merchandising and an appealing retail environment to attract consumers, which requires continuing investments by retailers. Retailers that experience financial difficulties may fail to make such investments or delay them, resulting in lower sales and orders for our products. The ongoing financial uncertainty surrounding COVID-19, particularly for retailers, could also have an effect on our sales, our ability to collect on receivables and our financial condition.
Extreme weather conditions and natural disasters could negatively impact our operating results and financial condition.
Extreme weather conditions in the areas in which our retail stores, suppliers, manufacturers, customers, distribution centers, offices, headquarters, and vendors are located could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Moreover, natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, wildfires and tsunamis, whether occurring in the United States or abroad, and their related consequences and effects, including energy shortages and public health issues, have in the past temporarily disrupted, and could in the future disrupt, our operations, the operations of our vendors, manufacturers and other suppliers or have in the past resulted in, and in the future could result in, economic instability that may negatively impact our operating results and financial condition. In particular, if a natural disaster or severe weather event were to occur in an area in which we or our suppliers, manufacturers, customers, distribution centers or vendors are located, our continued success would depend, in part, on the safety and availability of the relevant personnel and facilities and proper functioning of our or third parties' computer, network, telecommunication and other systems and operations. In addition, a natural disaster or severe weather event could negatively impact retail traffic to our stores or stores that carry our products and could have an adverse impact on consumer spending, any of which could in turn result in negative point-of-sale trends for our merchandise. Further, climate change may increase both the frequency and severity of extreme weather conditions and natural disasters, which may affect our business operations, either in a particular region or globally, as well as the activities of our third-party vendors and other suppliers, manufacturers, and customers. In addition, the physical changes prompted by climate change could result in
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changes in regulations or consumer preferences, which could in turn affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.
We believe the diversity of locations in which we operate, our operational size, disaster recovery and business continuity planning and our information technology systems and networks, including the Internet and third-party services position us well, but may not be sufficient for all or for concurrent eventualities. If we were to experience a local or regional disaster or other business continuity event or concurrent events, we could still experience operational challenges, depending upon how a local or regional event may affect our human capital across our operations or regarding particular aspects of our operations, such as key executive officers or personnel. For example, our global headquarters is located in California near major geologic faults that have experienced earthquakes in the past. Further, if we are unable to find alternative suppliers, replace capacity at key manufacturing or distribution locations or quickly repair damage to our information technology systems and networks, including the Internet and third-party services, or supply systems, we could be late in delivering, or be unable to deliver, products to our customers. These events could result in reputational damage, lost sales, cancellation charges or markdowns, all of which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Risks Relating to Our Business and Operations
Our success depends on our ability to maintain the value and reputation of our brands.
Our success depends in large part on the value, overall health and reputation of our brands, which are integral to our business and the implementation of our "Brand Led" strategy for expanding our business. Maintaining, promoting and positioning our brands will depend largely on the success of our marketing, design and merchandising efforts and our ability to provide consistent, high-quality products supported by engaging marketing campaigns. In addition, our success in maintaining, extending, and expanding our brand image depends on our ability to adapt to a rapidly changing media environment, including our increasing reliance on social media and digital dissemination of advertising campaigns on our digital platforms and through our digital experiences. Our brands and reputation could be adversely affected if we fail to achieve these objectives if we fail to deliver high-quality products acceptable to our customers and consumers or if we face or mishandle a product recall.
Our brand value also depends on our ability to maintain a positive consumer perception of our brands, corporate integrity and culture. Negative claims or publicity involving us or our products, the production methods or locations of any of our suppliers or contract manufacturers, consumer data, or any of our key employees, endorsers or suppliers could seriously damage our reputation, sales and brand image, regardless of whether such claims or publicity are accurate. Social media, which accelerates and potentially amplifies the scope of negative claims or publicity, can increase the challenges of responding to negative claims or publicity. In addition, we or our senior executives may from time to time take positions or make statements on social issues that may be unpopular with some consumers or customers, which may impact our ability to attract or retain such consumers or customers, and which could adversely impact our results in certain locations. Adverse publicity could undermine consumer confidence in our brands and reduce long-term demand for our products, even if such publicity is unfounded. Any harm to our brands and reputation could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
The appeal of our brand may also depend on the success of our ESG initiatives, which require company-wide coordination and alignment. We are working to manage risks and costs to us, our licensees and our supply chain of any effects of climate change as well as diminishing fossil fuel and water resources. These risks include any increased public focus, including by governmental and nongovernmental organizations, on these and other environmental sustainability matters, including packaging and waste, animal welfare, and land use. These risks may also include increased pressure to expand our disclosures in these areas, make commitments, set targets or establish additional goals and take actions to meet them, which could expose us to market, operational and execution costs or risks. The metrics we disclose, such as emissions and water usage, whether they be based on the standards we set for ourselves or those set by others, may influence our reputation and the value of our brand. In addition, as we work to align with the recommendations of the Financial Stability Board’s Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”) and the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (“SASB”), we may expand our disclosures in these areas. This transparency is consistent with our commitment to executing on a strategy that reflects the economic, social, and environmental impact we have on the world while advancing and complementing our business strategy. Our failure to achieve progress on our metrics on a timely basis, or at all, could adversely affect our business, financial performance, and growth. By electing to set and share publicly these metrics and expand upon our disclosures, our business may also face increased scrutiny related to ESG activities. As a result, we could damage our reputation and the value of our brand if we fail to act responsibly in the areas in which we report. Any harm to our reputation resulting from setting these metrics, expanding our disclosure or our failure or perceived failure to meet such metrics or disclosures could adversely affect our business, financial performance, and growth.
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Failure to continue to obtain or maintain high-quality endorsers of our products, or actions taken by our endorsers, could harm our business.
We establish relationships with artists, designers, musicians and other public figures to develop, evaluate and promote our products. If we are unable to recruit endorsers with consumer appeal or endorsers were to stop using our products contrary to their endorsement agreements, our business could be adversely affected. In addition, actions taken or statements made by our endorsers, associated with our products or brand or otherwise, could also seriously harm our brand image with consumers and, as a result, could have an adverse effect on our business.
The success of our business depends upon our ability to forecast and respond timely to consumer demand and market conditions and offer on-trend and new and updated products at attractive price points.
The global apparel industry is characterized by ever-changing fashion trends and consumer preferences, including the increasing shift to digital brand engagement and social media communication, and by the rapid replication of new products by competitors. The apparel industry is also impacted by changing consumer preferences regarding spending categories generally, including shifts away from traditional consumer spending and towards "experiential" spending and sustainable products. As a result, our success depends in large part on our ability to develop, market and deliver innovative and stylish products at a pace, intensity, and price competitive with other brands in the markets in which we sell our products. In addition, we must create products at a range of price points that appeal to the consumers of both our wholesale customers and our dedicated retail stores and e-commerce sites situated in each of our diverse geographic regions. Our development and production cycles take place prior to full visibility into all of these factors for the coming seasons. Failure on our part to forecast and respond timely to consumer demand and market conditions and to regularly and rapidly develop innovative and stylish products and update core products could limit sales growth, adversely affect retail and consumer acceptance of our products and negatively impact the consumer traffic in our dedicated retail stores. In addition, if we fail to accurately forecast consumer demand, we may experience excess inventory levels, which may result in inventory write-downs and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices. This could have an adverse effect on the image and reputation of our brands and could adversely affect our gross margins. For example, if sales do not meet expectations because of unexpected effects on inventory supply and consumer demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, too much inventory may cause excessive markdowns and, therefore, lower-than-planned margins. Conversely, if we underestimate consumer demand for our products, including as a result of a surge in consumer demand in places where the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic decrease, we may experience inventory shortages, which could delay shipments to customers, negatively impact retailer and consumer relationships and diminish brand loyalty. Moreover, our newer products may not produce as high a gross margin as our traditional products and thus may have an adverse effect on our overall margins and profitability.
We depend on a group of key wholesale customers for a significant portion of our revenues. A significant adverse change in a customer relationship or in a customer's performance or financial position could harm our business and financial condition.
Sales to our top ten wholesale customers accounted for 32%, 29% and 26% of our total net revenues in fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. No single customer represented 10% or more of our net revenues in any of these years. While we have long-standing relationships with our wholesale customers, we do not have long-term contracts with them. As a result, purchases generally occur on an order-by-order basis, and the relationship, as well as particular orders, can generally be terminated by either party at any time. If any major wholesale customer decreases or ceases its purchases from us, cancels its orders, delays or defaults on its payment obligations to us, reduces the floor space, assortments, fixtures or advertising for our products or changes its manner of doing business with us for any reason, such as due to store closures, decreased foot traffic, inflationary pressures or recession resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, such actions are expected to adversely affect our business and financial condition. Furthermore, certain of our major wholesale customers may seek to distribute our products globally in a manner or at prices that impact the positioning that we seek to promote in our other channels of distribution. In addition, a decline in the performance or financial condition of a major wholesale customer– including bankruptcy or liquidation– could result in the adverse impact on revenues and cause us to limit or discontinue business with that customer, require us to assume more credit risk relating to our receivables from that customer or limit our ability to collect amounts related to previous purchases by that customer. Permanent store closures and other developments in these proceedings have adversely affected our sales to these customers. We expect additional closures and other developments in these proceedings will likely adversely affect our sales to these customers in the future, even if they continue operations. In addition, store closures, decreased foot traffic, inflationary pressures and recession resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic will adversely affect the performance and will likely adversely affect the financial condition of many of these customers. The foregoing may have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
Our efforts to expand our retail business may not be successful, which could impact our operating results.
One of our key strategic priorities is our “DTC First” strategy, which includes our plan to become a leading world-class omni-channel retailer by expanding our consumer reach in brand-dedicated stores globally, including making selective
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investments in company-operated stores and e-commerce sites, and other brand-dedicated store models. In many locations, we face major, established retail competitors that may be able to better attract consumers and execute their retail strategies. In addition, a retail operating model involves substantial investments in equipment and property, information systems, inventory and personnel. Due to the high fixed-cost structure associated with these investments, a decline in sales or the closure of or poor performance of stores, including the closure of stores and decreased foot traffic resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, could result in significant costs and impacts to our margins. Our ability to grow our retail channel also depends on the availability and cost of real estate that meets our criteria for foot traffic, square footage, demographics and other factors. Failure to identify and secure adequate new locations, or failure to effectively manage the profitability of the fleet of stores, could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
In addition, our investments in customer, digital, and omni-channel shopping initiatives may not deliver the results we anticipate. These initiatives involve significant investments in IT systems, data science and artificial intelligence initiatives, and significant operational changes. Our competitors are also investing in omni-channel initiatives, some of which may be more successful than our initiatives. If the implementation of our customer, digital, and omni-channel initiatives is not successful, or we do not realize the return on our investments in these initiatives that we anticipate, our operating results would be adversely affected.
If the technology-based systems that give our consumers the ability to shop or interact with us online do not function effectively, our operating results, as well as our ability to grow our digital commerce business globally or to retain our customer base, could be materially adversely affected.
Many of our consumers shop with us through our digital platforms. Increasingly, consumers are using mobile-based devices and applications to shop online with us and with our competitors, and to do comparison shopping, as well as to engage with us and our competitors through digital services and experiences that are offered on mobile platforms. We are increasingly using social media and proprietary mobile applications to interact with our consumers and as a means to enhance their shopping experience. Any failure on our part to provide attractive, effective, reliable, secure, user-friendly digital commerce platforms that offer a wide assortment of merchandise with rapid delivery options and that continually meet the changing expectations of online shoppers or any failure to provide attractive digital experiences to our customers could place us at a competitive disadvantage, result in the loss of digital commerce and other sales, harm our reputation with consumers, have a material adverse impact on the growth of our digital commerce business globally and have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations. In addition, as use of our digital platforms continues to grow, we will need an increasing amount of technical infrastructure to continue to satisfy our consumers' needs. If we fail to continue to effectively scale and adapt our digital platforms to accommodate increased consumer demand, our business may be subject to interruptions, delays or failures and consumer demand for our products and digital experiences could decline. Risks specific to our digital commerce business also include diversion of sales from our and our retailers' brick and mortar stores, difficulty in recreating the in-store experience through direct channels and liability for online content. Our failure to successfully respond to these risks might adversely affect sales in our digital commerce business, as well as damage our reputation and brands.
We may be unable to maintain or increase our sales through our third-party distribution channels.
In addition to our brand-dedicated company-operated retail stores and e-commerce sites, our third-party distribution channels include department stores, specialty retailers, mass channel retailers, franchised or other brand-dedicated stores, and shop-in-shops.
We may be unable to maintain or increase sales of our products through these distribution channels for several reasons, including the following:
•the retailers in these channels maintain– and seek to grow– substantial private-label and exclusive offerings as they strive to differentiate the brands and products they offer from those of their competitors;
•the retailers change their apparel strategies in a way that shifts focus away from our typical consumer or that otherwise results in a reduction of sales of our products generally, such as a reduction of fixture spaces devoted to our products or a shift to other brands;
•other channels, including vertically-integrated specialty stores and e-commerce sites, account for a substantial portion of jeanswear and casual wear sales. In some of our mature markets, these stores and sites have placed competitive pressure on our primary distribution channels, and many of these stores and sites are now looking to our developing markets to grow their business; and
•shrinking points of distribution, including fewer doors at our customer locations, store closures and decreased foot traffic due to the COVID-19 pandemic, or bankruptcy or financial difficulties of a customer.
Further success by retailer private-labels, vertically-integrated specialty stores and e-commerce sites may continue to adversely affect the sales of our products across all channels, as well as the profitability of our brand-dedicated stores.
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Additionally, our ability to secure or maintain retail floor space, product display prominence, market share and sales in these channels depends on our ability to offer differentiated products, to increase retailer profitability on our products and the strength of our brands, and such efforts could have an adverse impact on our margins.
In addition, the retail industry in the United States has experienced substantial consolidation over the last decade, and further consolidation may occur. Consolidation in the retail industry has typically resulted in store closures, centralized purchasing decisions and increased emphasis by retailers on inventory management and productivity, which could result in fewer stores carrying our products or reduced demand by retailers for our products. In addition, we and other suppliers may experience increased customer leverage over us and greater exposure to credit risk as a result of industry consolidation. Furthermore, consolidation may be partly due to consumers continuing to transition away from traditional wholesale retailers to large online retailers, which in turn exposes our products to increased competition. Any of the foregoing results can impact, and have adversely impacted in the past, our net revenues, margins and ability to operate efficiently.
If we encounter problems with distribution, our ability to deliver our products to market could be adversely affected.
We rely on both company-owned and third-party distribution facilities to warehouse and ship products to our wholesale customers, retail stores and e-commerce consumers throughout the world. As part of the pursuit for improved organizational agility and marketplace responsiveness, we have consolidated the number of distribution facilities we rely upon and continue to look for opportunities for further consolidation in certain regions. Such consolidation may make our operations more vulnerable to interruptions in the event of work stoppages or disruption (including as a consequence of public health directives, quarantine policies or social distancing measures imposed by governments), labor disputes, worker shortages, pandemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), the impacts of climate change, earthquakes, floods, fires or other natural disasters affecting these distribution centers. In addition, distribution capacity is dependent on the timely performance of services by third parties, including the transportation of products to and from their distribution facilities, which also may be adversely affected by work stoppages or disruption, labor disputes and pandemics. Moreover, our distribution system includes computer-controlled and automated equipment, which may be subject to a number of risks related to data and system security or computer viruses, the proper operation of software and hardware, power interruptions or other system failures. If we encounter problems with our distribution system, whether company-owned or third-party, our ability to meet customer and consumer expectations, manage inventory, complete sales and achieve operating efficiencies could be adversely affected.
Unexpected obstacles in new markets and in our existing markets may limit our expansion opportunities and cause our business and growth to suffer.
Our future growth depends in part on our continued expansion efforts in existing markets and in new markets where we may have limited familiarity and experience with regulatory environments and market practices. In particular, one of our key strategies is to further diversify our portfolio and grow market share across geographies, categories, genders and channels. We may not be able to expand or successfully operate in those markets, categories and channels as a result of unfamiliarity or other unexpected barriers to expansion or entry. For example, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, we acquired Beyond Yoga®, a premium athletic and lifestyle apparel brand. In connection with our expansion efforts, we may encounter obstacles, including new competitors, cultural and linguistic differences, differences in regulatory environments, labor practices and market practices, economic or governmental instability, difficulties in keeping abreast of market, business and technical developments and differences in consumer tastes and preferences. Our failure to develop our business in new markets or disappointing growth in existing markets that we may experience could harm our business and results of operations.
Future acquisitions of and investments in new businesses, including the Beyond Yoga® acquisition, could harm our business and financial condition.
From time to time, we may acquire or invest in businesses or partnerships that we believe could complement our business or offer growth opportunities. For example, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, we acquired Beyond Yoga®, a premium athletic and lifestyle apparel brand. The expected synergies between Levi Strauss & Co. and Beyond Yoga®, such as those related to our entry into the activewear category, complementing our growing women’s business and enabling the allocation of global resources and infrastructure to significantly expand Beyond Yoga®, building on its largely digital ecosystem, may not materialize. Our management team has limited experience in addressing the challenges of integrating management teams, strategies, cultures and organizations of two companies. The acquisition may not be well received by the customers or employees of either company, and this could hurt our brand and result in the loss of key employees. The pursuit and integration of such acquisitions or investments may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various expenses, regardless of whether the acquisition or investment is ultimately completed. In addition, acquisitions and investments may not perform as expected or cause us to assume unrecognized or underestimated liabilities. Further, if we are able to successfully identify and acquire additional businesses, we may not be able to successfully integrate the acquired personnel or operations, effectively manage the combined business following the acquisition, or the acquired business may have inadequate or ineffective controls and procedures, any of which could harm our business and financial condition.
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In addition, we may, from time to time, evaluate and pursue other strategic investments or acquisitions. These involve various inherent risks and the benefits sought may not be realized. The acquisition of Beyond Yoga® or other strategic investments or acquisitions may not create value and may harm our brand and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We face risks arising from restructuring of our operations and uncertainty with respect to our ability to achieve any anticipated cost savings associated with such restructuring.
We continuously assess opportunities to streamline operations and fuel long-term profitable growth. Future charges related to such actions may harm our profitability in the periods incurred.
In 2020, we announced and implemented a restructuring initiative, which involved a reduction in workforce in response to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and included realignment of our top level organization to support our new strategies, which realignment became effective in 2021. The initiative included the elimination of approximately 15% of our global non-retail and non-manufacturing employee population. The final phase of the initiative, which included reorganization of the underlying operations and employees to support the top level organization was completed in 2021.
We have incurred $98.7 million of restructuring charges related to this restructuring initiative. Unexpected charges in the future may harm our profitability in the periods incurred.
Implementation of this reduction in workforce, or any similar future restructuring program actions, presents a number of significant risks, including:
•actual or perceived disruption of service or reduction in service levels to customers and consumers;
•potential adverse effects on our internal control environment and inability to preserve adequate internal controls relating to our general and administrative functions in connection with the decision to outsource certain business service activities;
•actual or perceived disruption to suppliers, distribution networks and other important operational relationships and the inability to resolve potential conflicts in a timely manner;
•difficulty in obtaining timely delivery of products of acceptable quality from our contract manufacturers;
•diversion of management attention from ongoing business activities and strategic objectives; and
•failure to maintain employee morale and retain key employees.
Because of these and other factors, we cannot predict whether we will fully realize the purpose and anticipated operational benefits or cost savings of any global productivity actions and, if we do not, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected. Additionally, there may be a failure to achieve the anticipated levels of cost savings and efficiency as a result of the reduction in workforce, which could adversely impact our business and results of operations. Furthermore, additional restructuring or reorganization activities may be required in the future.
Our business is affected by seasonality, which could result in fluctuations in our operating results.
We experience moderate fluctuations in aggregate sales volume during the year. Historically, revenues in our third and fourth fiscal quarters have slightly exceeded those in our first and second fiscal quarters. In addition, our customers and consumers may cancel orders, change delivery schedules, or change the mix of products ordered with minimal notice. As a result, we may not be able to accurately predict our quarterly sales. Accordingly, our results of operations are likely to fluctuate significantly from period to period. This seasonality, along with other factors that are beyond our control, including the COVID-19 pandemic, social or political unrest, general economic conditions, changes in consumer preferences, weather conditions, including the effects of climate change, the availability of import quotas, transportation disruptions and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, could adversely affect our business and cause our results of operations to fluctuate.
We rely significantly on information technology and data to operate our business, including our supply chain and retail operations, and any failure, inadequacy, compromise or interruption of that technology or data could lead to adverse consequences, including harm to our ability to effectively operate our business, claims that we breached our data privacy security obligations, harm to our reputation and a loss of customers or sales.
In the ordinary course of our business, we may collect, store, use, transmit, disclose or otherwise process proprietary confidential and sensitive data, including personal information, intellectual property, and trade secrets. We rely upon third parties (such as service providers) for our data processing-related activities.
We are heavily dependent on information technology systems and networks, including the Internet, third-party services and artificial intelligence, across our supply chain, including product design, production, forecasting, ordering, manufacturing, transportation, sales, and distribution, as well as for processing financial information for external and internal reporting
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purposes, retail operations and other business activities. These information technology systems are critical to many of our operating activities and our business processes and may be negatively impacted by any service interruption or shutdown. For example, our ability to effectively manage and maintain our inventory and to ship products to customers on a timely basis depends significantly on the reliability of these systems.
Over the last several years, we have been and continue to implement modifications and upgrades to our systems, including making changes to legacy systems, replacing legacy systems with successor systems with new functionality and acquiring new systems with new functionality. For example, over the next several years, we plan to continue the process of implementing a new enterprise resource planning (ERP) system across the company.
Our work to integrate, secure and enhance these systems and related processes in our global operations is ongoing and we will continue to invest in these efforts. We cannot provide assurance, however, that the measures we take to secure and enhance these systems will be sufficient to protect our information technology systems and prevent cyber-attacks, system failures or data or information loss. Cyber-attacks, malicious internet-based activity and online and offline fraud are prevalent and continue to increase. In addition to traditional computer “hackers,” threat actors, personnel (such as through theft or misuse), sophisticated nation-states and nation-state supported actors now engage in attacks. We may be subject to a variety of evolving threats, including but not limited to social engineering, such as phishing, malicious code (such as viruses and worms), malware (including as a result of advanced persistent threat intrusions), denial-of-service attacks (such as credential stuffing), personnel misconduct or error, supply-chain attacks, software bugs, server malfunctions and large-scale, complex automated attacks that can evade detection for long periods of time. Ransomware attacks, including those perpetrated by organized criminal threat actors, nation-states and nation-state supported actors, are becoming increasingly prevalent and severe and can lead to significant interruptions in our operations, loss of data and income, reputational harm and diversion of funds. Extortion payments may alleviate the negative impact of a ransomware attack, but we may be unwilling or unable to make such payments due to, for example, applicable laws or regulations prohibiting such payments.
Any breach of our or our service providers' networks, or other vendor systems, may result in the loss of confidential business and financial data, misappropriation of our consumers', users' or employees' personal information or a disruption of our business. Any of these outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our business, including unwanted media attention, impairment of our consumer and customer relationships, damage to our reputation, resulting in lost sales and consumers, fines, lawsuits, government enforcement actions (for example, investigations, fines, penalties, audits and inspections) or significant legal and remediation expenses. We also may need to expend significant resources to protect against, respond to and/or redress problems caused by any breach.
The failure of these systems to operate effectively, including as a result of the threats described above as well as a result of natural disasters, vendor business interruptions or other causes, failure to properly maintain, protect, repair or upgrade systems, or problems with transitioning to upgraded or replacement systems could cause delays in product fulfillment and reduced efficiency of our operations, could require significant capital investments to remediate the problem which may not be sufficient to cover all eventualities, and may have an adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, the increased use of employee-owned devices for communications as well as work-from-home arrangements, such as those implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, present additional operational risks to our information technology systems, including, but not limited to, increased risks of cyber-attacks. Our software or information technology systems, or that of third parties upon who we rely to operate our business, may have material vulnerabilities and, despite our efforts to identify and remediate these vulnerabilities, our efforts may not be successful or we may experience delays in developing and deploying remedial measures designed to address any such identified vulnerabilities. It may be expensive and time-consuming to remediate material vulnerabilities, and our operations, reputation, sales and financial performance may be adversely impacted if we are not able to successfully and promptly remediate such vulnerabilities. Further, like other companies in the retail industry, we have in the past experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, cyber-attacks, including phishing, and other attempts to breach, or gain unauthorized access to, our systems. For example, in 2020, SolarWinds Inc., one of our third party software service providers, was subject to a data security incident and, in 2021, a remote code execution vulnerability in Apache log4j was identified as affecting large amounts of systems worldwide. We completed investigations of these incidents and concluded that they resulted in no material adverse impact to us. However, we cannot provide assurance that these and other attacks will not have an impact in the future.
We also use information technology systems to process financial information and results of operations for internal reporting purposes and to comply with regulatory financial reporting, legal and tax requirements. If these systems suffer severe damage, disruption or shutdown and our business continuity plans, or those of our vendors, do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, we could experience delays in reporting our financial results, which could result in lost revenues and profits, as well as reputational damage. Furthermore, we depend on information technology systems and personal information collection for digital marketing, digital commerce, consumer engagement and the marketing and use of our digital products and services. We also rely on our ability to engage in electronic communications throughout the world between and among our employees as well as with other third parties, including customers, suppliers, vendors, and consumers. Any interruption in
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information technology systems may impede our ability to engage in the digital space and result in lost revenues, damage to our reputation, and loss of users.
As we outsource functions, we become more dependent on the entities performing those functions. Disruptions or delays at our third-party service providers could adversely impact our operations.
As part of our long-term profitable growth strategy, we are continually looking for opportunities to provide essential business services in a more cost-effective manner. In some cases, this requires the outsourcing of functions or parts of functions that can be performed more effectively by external service providers. For example, we currently outsource a significant portion of our information technology, finance, customer relations and customer service functions to Wipro Limited and third-party service providers are also relied upon to design, program, maintain and service our ERP systems. While we believe we conduct appropriate diligence before entering into agreements with any outsourcing entity, the failure of one or more of such entities to meet our performance standards and expectations, including with respect to data security, compliance with data protection and privacy laws, providing services on a timely basis or providing services at the prices we expect, may have an adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. For example, our outsourcing entities and other third-party service providers may experience difficulties, disruptions, delays, or failures in their ability to deliver services to us as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We could face increased costs or disruption associated with finding replacement vendors or hiring new employees in order to return these services in-house, which may have a significant impact on the cost and timing of receipt of inventory for future seasons. Any failures of these vendors to properly deliver their services could similarly have a material effect on our business. We may outsource other functions in the future, which would increase our reliance on third parties.
We currently rely on contract manufacturing of our products. Our inability to secure production sources meeting our quality, cost, social and environmental risk mitigation and other requirements, or failures by our contract manufacturers to perform, could harm our sales, service levels and reputation.
In fiscal year 2021, we sourced approximately 99% of our products from independent contract manufacturers that purchase fabric and make our products and may also provide us with design and development services. As a result, we must locate and secure production capacity. We depend on contract manufacturers to maintain adequate financial resources, including access to sufficient credit, to secure a sufficient supply of raw materials, and maintain sufficient development and manufacturing capacity in an environment characterized by continuing cost pressure and demands for product innovation and speed-to-market. In addition, we currently do not have any material long-term contracts with any of our contract manufacturers. Under our current arrangements with our contract manufacturers, these manufacturers generally may unilaterally terminate their relationship with us at any time. While we have historically worked with numerous manufacturers, in recent years we have begun consolidating the number of contract manufacturers from which we source our products. In addition, some of our contract manufacturers have merged. Reliance on a fewer number of contract manufacturers involves risk, and any difficulties or failures to perform by our contract manufacturers could cause delays in product shipments or otherwise negatively affect our results of operations. If our contract manufacturers, or any raw material vendors or suppliers on which our contract manufacturers rely, suffer prolonged manufacturing or transportation disruptions due to public health conditions, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, or other unforeseen events, our ability to source product on a timely basis could be adversely impacted, which could adversely affect our results of operations. Also, we have certain minimum inventory purchase commitments, including fabric commitments, with suppliers that secure a portion of material needs for future seasons. If we do not satisfy the minimum purchase commitments, due to conditions such as decreased demand, we may be charged for estimated adverse purchase commitments.
A contract manufacturer's failure to ship products to us in a timely manner or to meet our quality standards, or interference with our ability to receive shipments due to factors such as port or transportation conditions or security incidents, could cause us to miss the delivery date requirements of our customers. Failing to make timely deliveries may cause our customers to cancel orders, refuse to accept deliveries, impose non-compliance charges, demand reduced prices, or reduce future orders, any of which could harm our sales and margins. If we need to replace any contract manufacturer, we may be unable to locate additional contract manufacturers on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, or we may be unable to locate additional contract manufacturers with sufficient capacity to meet our requirements or to fill our orders in a timely manner.
We require contract manufacturers to make progress toward our sustainability goals and meet our standards and policies in terms of working conditions, environmental protection, raw materials, facility safety, security and other matters before we are willing to place business with them. As such, we may not be able to obtain the lowest-cost production. We also may need to move our production to the extent that we determine our contract manufacturers are not in compliance with our standards or applicable government standards, sanctions or other restrictions. We may also encounter delays in production and added costs as a result of the time it takes to train our contract manufacturers in our methods, products and quality control standards. In addition, the labor and business practices of apparel manufacturers and their suppliers, including raw material suppliers, have received increased attention from the media, non-governmental organizations, consumers and governmental agencies in recent years. Any failure by our contract manufacturers or their suppliers to adhere to the LS&Co. code of conduct, labor or other
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laws, appropriate labor or business practices, safety, structural or environmental standards, and the potential litigation, negative publicity and political pressure relating to any of these events, could harm our business and reputation.
Our suppliers may be impacted by economic conditions and cycles and changing laws and regulatory requirements which could impact their ability to do business with us or cause us to terminate our relationship with them and require us to find replacements, which we may have difficulty doing.
Our suppliers are subject to the fluctuations in general economic cycles, and global economic conditions may impact their ability to operate their businesses. They may also be impacted by the increasing costs or availability of raw materials, including related to inflationary pressures, labor and distribution, resulting in demands for less attractive contract terms or an inability for them to meet our requirements or conduct their own businesses. The performance and financial condition of a supplier may cause us to alter our business terms or to cease doing business with a particular supplier, or change our sourcing practices generally, which could in turn adversely affect our business and financial condition.
In addition, regulatory developments such as reporting requirements on the use of "conflict" minerals mined from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries, or compliance with the recent sanctions and customs trade orders issued by the U.S. government related to raw materials, entities and individuals who are connected to a region of China, could affect the sourcing and availability of raw materials used by our suppliers in the manufacturing of certain of our products. We have been and may continue to be subject to costs associated with regulations, including for the diligence pertaining to these matters and the cost of remediation and other changes to products, processes, or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities. The impact of such regulations may result in a limited pool of acceptable suppliers, and we cannot be assured that we will be able to obtain products in sufficient quantities or at competitive prices. Also, because our supply chain is complex, we may face regulatory challenges in complying with applicable sanctions and trade regulations and reputational challenges with our consumers and other stakeholders if we are unable to sufficiently verify the origins for the material used in the products we sell.
The global apparel industry is subject to intense cost and pricing pressure.
The apparel industry is characterized by low barriers to entry for both suppliers and marketers, global sourcing through suppliers located throughout the world, trade liberalization, continuing movement of product sourcing to lower cost countries, regular promotional activity, and the ongoing emergence of new competitors with widely varying strategies and resources. These factors have contributed, and we expect them to continue to contribute in the future, to intense pricing pressure and uncertainty throughout the supply chain. Pricing pressure has been exacerbated by the variability and availability of raw materials in recent months, combined with labor and cost inflation and uncertainty throughout the supply chain. This pressure could have adverse effects on our business and financial condition, including:
•reduced gross margins across our product lines and distribution channels;
•increased retailer demands for allowances, incentives, and other forms of economic support;
•unfavorable consumer reactions to price increases; and
•increased pressure on us to reduce our production costs and operating expenses.
Increases in the price or availability of raw materials could increase our cost of goods and negatively impact our financial results.
The majority of our products are made of cotton, where the remaining balance are made of synthetics, cotton/synthetic blends, and viscose. The prices we pay our suppliers for our products are dependent in part on the market price for raw materials used to produce them, primarily cotton. The price and availability of cotton may fluctuate substantially, depending on a variety of factors, including demand, acreage devoted to cotton crops and crop yields, weather, supply conditions, transportation costs, energy prices, work stoppages, government regulation, sanctions and policy, economic climates, market speculation compliance with our working condition, environmental protection, and other standards, and other unpredictable factors. For example, compliance with the recent sanctions and trade orders issued by the U.S. government related to raw materials, entities and individuals who are connected to a region of China could affect the sourcing and availability of raw materials, including cotton, used by our suppliers in the manufacturing of certain of our products. Any and all of these factors may be exacerbated by global climate change. Cotton prices have begun to increase and previously suffered from unprecedented variability and uncertainty. They may fluctuate significantly again in the future. In the event of a significant disruption or unavailability in the supply of the fabrics or raw materials used by our vendors in the manufacture of our products, our vendors might not be able to locate alternative suppliers of materials of comparable quality at an acceptable price. In addition, prices of purchased finished products also depend on wage rates in the regions where our contract manufacturers are located, as well as freight costs from those regions. Fluctuations in wage rates required by legal or industry standards could increase our costs. Increases in raw material costs or wage rates, unless sufficiently offset by our pricing actions, may cause a
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decrease in our profitability, and negatively impact our sales volume. These factors may also have an adverse impact on our cash and working capital needs as well as those of our suppliers.
Our business is subject to risks associated with sourcing and manufacturing overseas, as well as risks associated with potential tariffs, transportation disruptions or a global trade war.
We import materials and finished garments into all of our operating regions. Our ability to import products in a timely and cost-effective manner may be affected by conditions at ports or issues that otherwise affect transportation and warehousing providers, such as port and shipping capacity, labor disputes and work stoppages, political unrest, security incidents, severe weather, or security requirements in the United States and other countries. These issues could delay importation of products or require us to locate alternative ports or warehousing providers to avoid disruption to our customers. These alternatives may not be available on short notice or could result in higher transportation costs, which could have an adverse impact on our business and financial condition, specifically our gross margin and overall profitability.
Substantially all of our import operations are subject to complex trade and customs laws, regulations, and tax requirements such as sanctions orders or tariffs set by governments through mutual agreements or unilateral actions. In addition, the countries in which our products are manufactured or imported may from time to time impose additional duties, tariffs or other restrictions on our imports or adversely modify existing restrictions. Adverse changes in these import costs and restrictions, or the failure by us or our suppliers to comply with trade regulations or similar laws, could harm our business. In this regard, the increasingly protectionist trade policy in the United States has introduced greater uncertainty with respect to future tax and trade regulations.
Changes in tax policy or trade regulations or the imposition of new tariffs on imported products could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
In 2018, the U.S. government announced tariffs on steel and aluminum imported into the United States, which has resulted in reciprocal tariffs from the European Union on goods, including denim products, imported from the United States. Because we manufacture most of our products outside the United States, these reciprocal tariffs are not expected to have a material impact on our business. The U.S government also imposed tariffs on goods imported from China in connection with China’s intellectual property practices and forced technology transfer, which have not been lifted or changed by the Biden Administration. Currently, of the products that we sell in the United States, less than 1% are manufactured in China. If the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative follows through on the next proposed tranche of China tariffs, or if additional tariffs or trade restrictions are implemented by the United States or other countries in connection with a global trade war, the cost of our products manufactured in China or other countries and imported into the United States or other countries could increase, which in turn could adversely affect the demand for these products and have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The loss of high-quality employees, including members of our executive management and other key employees, or the failure to attract and retain key personnel or maintain our workplace culture could harm our business.
Our future success depends, in part, on the continued service of our high-quality employees, including our executive management team and other key employees, and the loss of the services of any key individual, or any negative perception with respect to these individuals, or our workplace culture or values, could harm our business. Our future success also depends, in part, on our ability to recruit, retain and motivate our employees sufficiently, both to maintain our current business and to execute our strategic initiatives. Competition for experienced and well-qualified employees in our industry is particularly intense in many of the places where we do business, and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. Changes to our current and future office environments, adoption of new work models, and our business requirements and/or expectations about when or how often for employees to work either on-site or remotely may not meet the expectations of our employees. As certain jobs and employers increasingly operate remotely, traditional geographic competition for talent may change in ways that cannot be fully predicted at this time. If our employment proposition is not perceived as favorable compared to other companies’ policies, it could negatively impact our ability to attract, hire and retain our employees. Moreover, shifts in U.S. immigration policy could negatively impact our ability to attract, hire and retain highly skilled employees who are from outside the United States. We believe that our corporate culture has been a key driver of our success, and we have invested substantial time and resources in building, maintaining, and evolving our culture. Any failure to preserve and evolve our culture could negatively affect our future success, including our ability to retain and recruit employees.
Most of the employees in our production and distribution facilities are covered by collective bargaining agreements, and any material job actions could negatively affect our results of operations.
In North America, most of our distribution employees are covered by various collective bargaining agreements. Outside North America, most of our production and distribution employees are covered by either industry-sponsored and/or government-sponsored collective bargaining mechanisms. Any work stoppages or other job actions by these employees could harm our business and reputation.
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We have substantial liabilities and cash requirements associated with our postretirement benefits, pension, and deferred compensation plans.
Our postretirement benefits, pension and deferred compensation plans result in substantial liabilities on our balance sheet. These plans and activities have generated, and will generate, substantial cash requirements for us, and these requirements may increase beyond our expectations in future years based on changing market conditions. The difference between plan obligations and assets, or the funded status of the plans, is a significant factor in determining the net periodic benefit costs of our pension plans and the ongoing funding requirements of those plans. Many variables, such as changes in interest rates, mortality rates, health care costs, investment returns and/or the market value of plan assets, can affect the funded status of our defined benefit pension, other postretirement, and postemployment benefit plans and cause volatility in the net periodic benefit cost and future funding requirements of the plans. Plan liabilities may impair our liquidity, have an unfavorable impact on our ability to obtain financing and place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to some of our competitors who do not have such liabilities and cash requirements.
Risks Related to Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Issues and Changes
We are subject to a complex array of laws and regulations and litigation and other legal and regulatory proceedings, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
As a multinational corporation with operations and distribution channels throughout the world, we are subject to and must comply with extensive laws and regulations in the United States and other jurisdictions in which we have operations and distribution channels. If we or our employees, agents, suppliers, and other partners fail to comply with any of these laws or regulations, such failure could subject us to fines, sanctions or other penalties that could negatively affect our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations. Furthermore, laws, regulations and policies and the interpretation of such, can conflict among jurisdictions and compliance in one jurisdiction may result in legal or reputational risks in another jurisdiction. We are involved in various types of claims, lawsuits, regulatory proceedings, and government investigations relating to our business, our products and the actions of our employees and representatives, including contractual and employment relationships, product liability, antitrust, trademark rights and a variety of other matters. It is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of any such legal or regulatory proceedings or investigations, and we could in the future incur judgments, fines, or penalties, or enter settlements of lawsuits and claims that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and negatively impact our reputation. The global nature of our business means legal and compliance risks, such as anti-bribery, anti-corruption, fraud, trade, environmental, competition, privacy, and other regulatory matters, will continue to exist and additional legal proceedings and other contingencies will arise from time to time, which could adversely affect us. In addition, the adoption of new laws or regulations, or changes in the interpretation of existing laws or regulations, may result in significant unanticipated legal and reputational risks. Any current or future legal or regulatory proceedings could divert management's attention from our operations and result in substantial legal fees.
Changes to trade policy, including tariff and customs regulations, or failure to comply with such regulations may have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Changes in U.S. or international social, political, regulatory, and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing trade, manufacturing, development, and investment in the countries where we currently sell our products or conduct our business, could adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition, and results of operations. It may be time-consuming and expensive for us to alter our business operations to adapt to or comply with any such changes.
Changes or proposed changes in U.S. or other countries’ trade policies may result in restrictions and economic disincentives on international trade. Tariffs and other changes in U.S. trade policy have in the past and could in the future trigger retaliatory actions by affected countries, and certain foreign governments have instituted or are considering imposing retaliatory measures on certain U.S. goods. Further, any emerging protectionist or nationalist trends either in the United States or in other countries could affect the trade environment. We, like many other multinational corporations, conduct a significant amount of business that would be impacted by changes to the trade policies of the United States and foreign countries (including governmental action related to tariffs, international trade agreements, or economic sanctions). Such changes have the potential to adversely impact the U.S. economy or certain sectors thereof or the economy of another country in which we conduct operations, our industry, and the global demand for our products, and as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Failure to adequately protect or enforce our intellectual property rights could adversely affect our business.
We periodically discover counterfeit reproductions of our products or products that otherwise infringe our intellectual property rights. If we are unsuccessful in enforcing our intellectual property rights, continued sales of these products could adversely affect our sales and our brand and could result in a shift of consumer preference away from our products.
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The actions we take to establish and protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate to prevent imitation of our products by others. We also may be unable to prevent others from seeking to block sales of our products as violations of proprietary rights.
We may be subject to liability if third parties successfully claim we infringe their intellectual property rights. Defending infringement claims could be expensive and time consuming and might result in our entering into costly license agreements. We also may be subject to significant damages or injunctions against development, manufacturing, use, importation and/or sale of certain products.
We take various actions to prevent the unauthorized use and/or disclosure of our confidential information and intellectual property rights. These actions include contractual measures such as entering non-disclosure and non-compete agreements and agreements relating to our collaborations with third parties and providing confidential information awareness training. Our controls and efforts to prevent unauthorized use and/or disclosure of confidential information and intellectual property rights might not always be effective. For example, confidential information related to business strategy, innovations, new technologies, mergers and acquisitions, unpublished financial results or personal data could be prematurely, inadvertently, or improperly used and/or disclosed, resulting in a loss of reputation, loss of intellectual property rights, a decline in our stock price and/or a negative impact on our market position, and could lead to damages, fines, penalties, or injunctions.
In addition, the laws of certain countries may not protect or allow enforcement of intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. We may face significant expenses and liability in connection with the protection of our intellectual property rights, including outside the United States, and if we are unable to successfully protect our rights or resolve intellectual property conflicts with others, our business or financial condition may be adversely affected.
The enactment of tax reform legislation, including legislation implementing changes in taxation of international business activities, could adversely impact our financial position and results of operations.
We earn a substantial portion of our income in foreign countries and, as such, we are subject to the tax laws in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Current economic and political conditions make tax laws and regulations, or their interpretation and application, in any jurisdiction subject to significant change.
Proposals to reform U.S. and foreign tax laws could significantly impact how U.S. multinational corporations are taxed on foreign earnings and could increase the U.S. corporate tax rate. Although we cannot predict whether or in what form these proposals may pass, several of the proposals considered, if enacted into law, could have an adverse impact on our effective tax rate, income tax expense and cash flows.
We utilize tax rulings and other agreements to obtain certainty in treatment of certain tax matters. These rulings and agreements expire from time to time and may be extended when certain conditions are met or terminated if certain conditions are not met. The impact of any changes in conditions would be the loss of certainty in treatment thus potentially impacting our effective income tax rate.
We are also subject to the examination of our tax returns by the United States Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of an adverse outcome resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of its provision for income taxes. Although we believe our tax provisions are adequate, the final determination of tax audits and any related disputes could be materially different from our historical income tax provisions and accruals. The results of audits or related disputes could have an adverse effect on our financial statements for the period or periods for which the applicable final determinations are made. For example, we and our subsidiaries are also engaged in a number of intercompany transactions across multiple tax jurisdictions. Although we believe we have clearly reflected the economics of these transactions and the proper local transfer pricing documentation is in place, tax authorities may propose and sustain adjustments that could result in changes that may impact our mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates.
We are subject to stringent and changing obligations related to data privacy and security. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could lead to regulatory investigations or actions; litigation; fines and penalties; disruptions of our business operations; reputational harm and other adverse business consequences.
In addition to our own sensitive and proprietary business information, we handle transactional and personal information, including without limitation personal information about our customers, consumers, and users of our digital experiences, which include online distribution channels and product engagement.
As a result of our processing activities, we must comply with increasingly complex and rigorous, and sometimes conflicting laws, regulatory standards, industry standards, external and internal privacy and security policies, contracts and other obligations that govern the processing of business and personal data by us and on our behalf. For example, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (the “EU GDPR”), the United Kingdom’s GDPR (the “UK GDPR”) and California’s Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, as amended (the "CCPA") impose obligations on companies regarding the handling of personal data and provide certain individual privacy rights to persons whose data is stored. In addition, it is
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anticipated that the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (“CPRA”), effective January 1, 2023, will expand the CCPA. Furthermore, other states in the United States have enacted data privacy laws. For example, Virginia passed the Consumer Data Protection Act, and Colorado passed the Colorado Privacy Act, both of which become effective in 2023. Additionally, laws in certain jurisdictions require data localization and impose restrictions on the transfer of personal information across border. For example, the EU GDPR generally restricts the transfer of personal information to countries outside of the EEA without appropriate safeguards or other measures. If we cannot implement a valid compliance mechanism for cross-border privacy and security transfers, we may face increased exposure to regulatory actions, substantial fines and injunctions against processing or transferring personal information from Europe or elsewhere.
In addition, privacy advocates and industry groups have proposed, and may propose in the future, standards with which we are legally or contractually bound to comply. For example, we are also subject to the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI DSS”). The PCI DSS requires companies to adopt certain measures to ensure the security of cardholder information, and noncompliance with PCI-DSS can result in penalties ranging from $5,000 to $100,000 per month by credit card companies, litigation, damage to our reputation and revenue losses.
Compliance with existing and forthcoming laws and regulations can be costly and time consuming, and may require changes to our information technologies, systems and practices and to those of any third parties that process personal information on our behalf. If we fail, or are perceived to have failed, to address or comply with obligations related to data privacy and security, we could face significant consequences, including, but not limited to, proceedings against the Company by governmental entities (e.g. investigations, fines, penalties, audits, inspections) or other entities or individuals, additional reporting requirements and/or oversight bans, damage to our reputation and credibility, or inability to process data or operate in certain jurisdictions, any of which could have a negative impact on revenues and profits.
Failure to comply with anti-bribery, anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
We are subject to the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act and other anti-bribery, anti-corruption, and anti-money laundering laws in various jurisdictions around the world. The FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act and similar applicable laws generally prohibit companies, as well as their officers, directors, employees and third-party intermediaries, business partners and agents, from making improper payments or providing other improper things of value to government officials or other persons. We and our third-party intermediaries may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state owned or affiliated entities and other third parties where we may be held liable for corrupt or other illegal activities, even if we do not explicitly authorize them. While we have policies and procedures and internal controls to address compliance with such laws, we cannot provide assurance that all of our employees and third-party intermediaries, business partners and agents will not take actions in violation of such policies and laws, for which we may be ultimately held responsible. To the extent that we learn that any of our employees or third-party intermediaries, business partners or agents do not adhere to our policies, procedures, or internal controls, we are committed to taking appropriate remedial action. In the event that we believe or have reason to believe that our directors, officers, employees or third-party intermediaries, agents or business partners have or may have violated such laws, we may be required to investigate or to have outside counsel investigate the relevant facts and circumstances. Detecting, investigating and resolving actual or alleged violations can be extensive and require a significant diversion of time, resources, and attention from senior management. Any violation of the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act or other applicable anti-bribery, anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws could result in whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, loss of export privileges, and criminal or civil sanctions, penalties, and fines, any of which may could adversely affect our business and financial condition.
Our licensees and franchisees may not comply with our product quality, manufacturing standards, social, environmental, marketing, and other requirements, which could negatively affect our reputation and business.
We license our trademarks to third parties for manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of various products. While we enter into comprehensive agreements with our licensees covering product design, product quality, sourcing, manufacturing, marketing and other requirements, our licensees may not comply fully with those agreements. Non-compliance could include marketing products under our brand names that do not meet our quality and other requirements or engaging in manufacturing practices that do not meet our sustainability standards and policies including our supplier code of conduct or applicable government restrictions and regulations. These activities could harm our brand equity, our reputation, and our business.
In addition, we enter into franchise agreements with unaffiliated franchisees to operate stores and, in certain circumstances, websites, in many countries around the world. Under these agreements, third parties operate, or will operate, stores and websites that sell apparel and related products under our brand names. While the agreements we have entered and plan to enter in the future provide us with certain termination rights, the value of our brands could be impaired to the extent that these third parties do not operate their businesses, including their stores or websites in a manner consistent with our requirements regarding our brand identities and customer experience standards. Failure to protect the value of our brands, or
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any other harmful acts or omissions by a franchisee, could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and our reputation.
Our current and future products may experience quality problems from time to time that could result in negative publicity, litigation, product recalls and warranty claims, which could result in decreased revenues and harm to our brands.
There can be no assurance we will be able to detect, prevent or fix all defects that may affect our products. Inconsistency of legislation and regulations may also affect the costs of compliance with such laws and regulations. Such problems could hurt the image of our brands, which is critical to maintaining and expanding our business. Any negative publicity or lawsuits filed against us related to the perceived quality of our products could harm our brand and decrease demand for our products.
Risks Relating to Securities, Investment and Liquidity
If one or more of our counterparty financial institutions default on their obligations to us, we may incur significant losses.
As part of our hedging activities, we enter into transactions involving derivative financial instruments, which may include forward contracts, commodity futures contracts, option contracts, collars and swaps, with various financial institutions. In addition, we have significant amounts of cash, cash equivalents and other investments on deposit or in accounts with banks or other financial institutions in the United States and abroad. We also have entered into the Credit Agreement Amendment with several financial institutions that provides us with additional credit availability. As a result, we are exposed to the risk of default by or failure of counterparty financial institutions. This risk may be heightened during economic downturns and periods of uncertainty in the financial markets, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. If one of our counterparties were to become insolvent or file for bankruptcy, our ability to recover losses incurred as a result of default or our assets that are deposited or held in accounts with such counterparty may be limited by the counterparty’s liquidity or the applicable laws governing the insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings. In the event of default or failure of one or more of our counterparties, we could incur significant losses, which could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition.
We have debt and interest payment requirements at a level that may restrict our future operations.
As of November 28, 2021, we had $1.0 billion of debt, all of which was unsecured, and we had $794.3 million of additional borrowing capacity under our credit facility. The credit facility is secured by domestic inventories, accounts receivable, and other assets such as the Levi’s® trademarks in the U.S. Our debt requires us to dedicate a substantial portion of any cash flow from operations to the payment of interest and principal due under our debt, which reduces funds available for other business purposes and results in us having lower net income (or greater net loss) than we otherwise would have had. This dedicated use of cash could impact our ability to successfully compete by, for example:
•increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions, including any adverse economic and industry conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, such as store closures, decreased foot traffic and recession or inflationary pressures;
•limiting our flexibility in planning for or reacting to changes in our business and industry;
•placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to some of our competitors that have less debt; and
•limiting our ability to obtain additional financing required to fund working capital and capital expenditures and for other general corporate purposes.
A substantial portion of our debt is Euro-denominated senior notes. In addition, borrowings under our credit facility bear interest at variable rates and a portion of those borrowings may be in Canadian Dollars. As a result, increases in market interest rates and changes in foreign exchange rates could require a greater portion of our cash flow to be used to pay interest, which could further hinder our operations. Increases in market interest rates may also affect the trading price of our debt securities that bear interest at a fixed rate. Our ability to satisfy our obligations and to reduce our total debt depends on our future operating performance and on economic, financial, competitive and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.
In addition, certain loans made by us and financing extended to us are made at variable rates that use LIBOR as a benchmark for establishing the interest rate, and may be hedged with LIBOR-based interest rate derivatives. LIBOR is currently calculated and published for various currencies and periods by the benchmark’s administrator, ICE Benchmark Administration Limited ("IBA"), which is regulated for such purposes by the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA"). On March 5, 2021, the IBA confirmed that it would cease the publication of the one-week and two-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings immediately following the LIBOR publication on December 31, 2021, and the U.S. dollar LIBOR settings (overnight and 12 months) immediately following the LIBOR publication on June 30, 2023.
Accordingly, in the near future LIBOR will cease being a widely used benchmark interest rate. The current and any future reforms and other pressures may cause LIBOR to be replaced with a new benchmark or to perform differently than in the past,
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including during the transition period. The Credit Agreement Amendment contemplates a procedure for transitioning from LIBOR upon the occurrence of specified events. Nevertheless, the consequences of these market developments cannot be entirely predicted and a transition from LIBOR, even if administered consistent with the credit facility’s provisions, could increase the cost of our variable rate indebtedness.
Both New York State and federal legislation in the U.S. is under consideration that if enacted could result, upon the unavailability of LIBOR, in the replacement of certain fallback provisions in LIBOR-based financing agreements. Under the proposed legislation, some of these existing fallback provisions would be replaced by a provision specifying that the replacement rate and related adjustments recommended by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”), the committee in the United States convened to ensure a successful transition from LIBOR, would be used to establish the interest-rate on the financing. The legislation would also require the use of the benchmark replacement rate and related adjustments recommended by the AARC in the event that there are no fallback provisions in a financing. The legislation would not impact credit agreements that already include fallbacks to the changes recommended by the ARRC. Any such legislation adopted in New York State would have applicability only to agreements governed by New York law. There can be no assurance as to the final form of any such New York or federal legislation or as to whether any such legislation will be adopted.
In the event that one or more LIBOR-based interest rate derivatives are entered into to hedge variable rate indebtedness, the LIBOR rate specified therein will be determined from time to time by reference to a publication page specified in the relevant definitions of the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (“ISDA”). However, if such rate does not appear on the relevant page, and the above-referenced legislation is not adopted that would address the replacement of LIBOR under such derivatives, LIBOR will be determined in accordance with dealer polls conducted by the calculation agent under the agreement governing the derivative. This dealer polling mechanism may not be successful in arriving at a replacement interest rate for LIBOR. Even if the dealer polling mechanism successfully arrives at a replacement interest rate for derivatives, that rate could differ significantly from the interest rates used for our variable-rate indebtedness.
Restrictions in our notes, indentures and credit facility may limit our activities, including dividend payments, share repurchases and acquisitions.
Our credit facility and certain of the indentures governing our senior unsecured notes contain restrictions, including covenants limiting our ability to incur additional debt, grant liens, make acquisitions and other investments, prepay specified debt, consolidate, merge or acquire other businesses or engage in other fundamental changes, sell assets, pay dividends and other distributions, repurchase stock, enter into transactions with affiliates, enter into capital leases or certain leases not in the ordinary course of business, enter into certain derivatives, grant negative pledges on our assets, make loans or other investments, guarantee third-party obligations, engage in sale leasebacks and make changes in our corporate structure. These restrictions, in combination with our leveraged condition, may make it more difficult for us to successfully execute our business strategy, grow our business or compete with companies not similarly restricted.
If our foreign subsidiaries are unable to distribute cash to us when needed, we may be unable to satisfy our obligations under our debt securities, which could force us to sell assets or use cash that we were planning to use elsewhere in our business.
We conduct our international operations through foreign subsidiaries and we only receive the cash that remains after our foreign subsidiaries satisfy their obligations. We may depend upon funds from our foreign subsidiaries for a portion of the funds necessary to meet our debt service obligations. Any agreements our foreign subsidiaries enter into with other parties, as well as applicable laws and regulations limiting the right and ability of non-U.S. subsidiaries and affiliates to pay dividends and remit cash to affiliated companies, may restrict the ability of our foreign subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. If those subsidiaries are unable to transfer the amount of cash that we need, we may be unable to make payments on our debt obligations, which could force us to sell assets or use cash that we were planning on using elsewhere in our business, which could hinder our operations.
Changes in our credit ratings or macroeconomic conditions may affect our liquidity, increasing borrowing costs and limiting our financing options.
Our long-term debt is currently rated BB+ by S&P Global Ratings, Ba1 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc and BB+ by Fitch Ratings, Inc. If our credit ratings are lowered, borrowing costs for future long-term debt or short-term credit facilities may increase and our financing options, including our access to the unsecured credit market, could be limited. In addition, macroeconomic conditions such as increased volatility or disruption in the credit markets, including the recent volatility due, in part, to the COVID-19 pandemic, could adversely affect our ability to obtain financing or refinance existing debt on terms that would be acceptable to us.
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Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock
The market price of our Class A common stock may be volatile or may decline steeply or suddenly regardless of our operating performance and we may not be able to meet investor or analyst expectations. You may lose all or part of your investment.
The market price of our Class A common stock may fluctuate or decline significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:
•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our revenues or other operating results;
•variations between our actual operating results and the expectations of securities analysts, investors and the financial community;
•any forward-looking financial or operating information we may provide to the public or securities analysts, any changes in this information or our failure to meet expectations based on this information;
•actions of securities analysts who initiate or maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our company or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;
•whether investors or securities analysts view our stock structure unfavorably, particularly our dual-class structure;
•additional shares of Class A common stock being sold into the market by us or our existing stockholders, or the anticipation of such sales;
•announcements by us or our competitors of significant products or features, innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, capital commitments, divestitures or other dispositions;
•changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of companies in our industry, including our vendors and competitors;
•price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market, including as a result of general economic trends, including inflationary pressures;
•lawsuits threatened or filed against us, or events that negatively impact our reputation;
•developments in new legislation and pending lawsuits or regulatory actions, including interim or final rulings by judicial or regulatory bodies; and
•other events or factors, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism, natural disasters, industrial accidents, pandemics (including the COVID-19 pandemic), or responses to these events.
In addition, extreme price and volume fluctuations in the stock markets have affected and continue to affect many retail companies’ stock prices. Often, their stock prices have fluctuated in ways unrelated or disproportionate to the respective companies’ operating performance. In the past, stockholders have filed securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and seriously harm our business.
Moreover, because of these fluctuations, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. You should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. This variability and unpredictability could also result in our failing to meet the expectations of industry or financial analysts or investors for any period. If our revenues or operating results fall below the expectations of analysts or investors or below any forecasts we may provide to the market, or if the forecasts we provide to the market are below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of our Class A common stock could decline substantially. Such a decline could occur even when we have met any previously publicly stated revenues or earnings forecasts that we may provide.
An active trading market for our Class A common stock may not be sustained.
Our Class A common stock is currently listed on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "LEVI." However, we cannot assure you that an active trading market for our Class A common stock will be sustained. Accordingly, we cannot assure you of the likelihood that an active trading market for our Class A common stock will be maintained, the liquidity of any trading market, your ability to sell your shares of Class A common stock when desired or the prices that you may obtain for your shares.
Future sales of our Class A common stock by existing stockholders could cause our stock price to decline.
If our existing stockholders, including employees, who obtain equity, sell or indicate an intention to sell, substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public market, the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline. As
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of January 20, 2022 we had outstanding a total of 98,205,835 shares of Class A common stock and 299,815,032 shares of Class B common stock. Of these shares, only the shares of Class A common stock are currently freely tradable without restrictions or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), except for any shares held by persons who are not our “affiliates” as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act and who have complied with the holding period requirements of Rule 144 under the Securities Act.
Sales of a substantial number of such shares, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause our stock price to decline or make it more difficult for the holders of our Class A common stock to sell at a time and price that they deem appropriate.
Holders of more than 90% of our Class B common stock have contractual rights, subject to certain conditions, to require us to file registration statements for the public resale of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of their Class B common stock, or to include such shares in registration statements that we may file.
The dual class structure of our common stock concentrates voting control with descendants of the family of Levi Strauss, who have the ability to control the outcome of matters submitted for stockholder approval, which will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and may depress the trading price of our Class A common stock.
Our Class B common stock, which is entitled to ten votes per share, is primarily owned by descendants of the family of our founder, Levi Strauss, and their relatives and trusts established for their behalf. Collectively, these persons have the ability to control the outcome of stockholder votes, including the election of our board of directors and the approval or rejection of a merger, change of control or other significant corporate transaction. In addition, so long as any shares of Class B common stock remain outstanding, the approval of the holders of a majority of our then-outstanding Class B common stock (or, in certain cases, a majority of our then-outstanding Class A common stock and Class B common stock, voting together as a single class) will be required in order for us to take certain actions.
This control may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock. In addition, certain index providers have announced restrictions on including companies with multiple-class share structures in certain of their indexes. S&P Dow Jones and FTSE Russell have recently announced changes to their eligibility criteria for inclusion of shares of public companies on certain indices, including the S&P 500. These changes exclude companies with multiple classes of shares of common stock from being added to such indices. In addition, several stockholder advisory firms have announced their opposition to the use of multiple class structures. As a result, the dual class structure of our common stock may prevent the inclusion of our Class A common stock in such indices and may cause stockholder advisory firms to publish negative commentary about our corporate governance practices or otherwise seek to cause us to change our capital structure. Any such exclusion from indices could result in a less active trading market for our Class A common stock. Any actions or publications by stockholder advisory firms critical of our corporate governance practices or capital structure could also adversely affect the value of our Class A common stock.
We believe having a long-term-focused, committed and engaged stockholder base provides us with an important strategic advantage, particularly in our business, where our more than 165-year history contributes to the iconic reputations of our brands. However, the interests of these stockholders may not always be aligned with each other or with the interests of our other stockholders. By exercising their control, these stockholders could cause our company to take actions that are at odds with the investment goals or interests of institutional, short-term or other non-controlling investors, or that have a negative effect on our stock price. Further, because these stockholders control the majority of our Class B common stock, we might be a less attractive takeover target, which could adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.
If securities or industry analysts either do not publish research about us or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about us, our business or our market, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our Class A common stock, the trading price or trading volume of our Class A common stock could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common stock is influenced in part by the research and reports that securities or industry analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. If one or more of the analysts initiate research with an unfavorable rating or downgrade our Class A common stock, provide a more favorable recommendation about our competitors or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our Class A common stock price would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the trading price or trading volume of our Class A common stock to decline.
Future securities issuances could result in significant dilution to our stockholders and impair the market price of our Class A common stock.
Future issuances of our Class A common stock or the conversion of a substantial number of shares of our Class B common stock, or the perception that these issuances or conversions may occur, could depress the market price of our Class A common stock and result in dilution to existing holders of our Class A common stock. Also, to the extent stock-based awards
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are issued or become vested, there will be further dilution. The amount of dilution could be substantial depending upon the size of the issuances or exercises. Furthermore, we may issue additional equity securities that could have rights senior to those of our Class A common stock. As a result, purchasers of Class A common stock bear the risk that future issuances of debt or equity securities may reduce the value of such shares and further dilute their ownership interest.
As of November 28, 2021, there were 7,775,666 shares of Class A common stock and 7,798,702 shares of Class B common stock issuable pursuant to restricted stock units ("RSUs"), performance restricted stock units ("PRSUs") and stock appreciation rights ("SARs") that may be settled in shares of our Class A or Class B common stock. All of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise or settlement of such awards, or upon the conversion of shares of Class B common stock issuable upon exercise or settlement of such awards, are registered for public resale under the Securities Act. Accordingly, these shares will be able to be freely sold in the public market upon issuance as permitted by any applicable vesting requirements, and subject to compliance with applicable securities laws.
Holders of more than 90% of our Class B common stock have contractual rights, subject to certain conditions, to require us to file registration statements for the public resale of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of their Class B common stock, or to include such shares in registration statements that we may file.
The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, result in more litigation and divert management’s attention.
As a public company we are subject to the additional reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of the NYSE and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Complying with these rules and regulations involves significant legal and financial compliance costs, makes some activities more difficult, time consuming or costly and puts significant demand on our systems and resources. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could adversely affect our business and operating results.
In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to their application and practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be adversely affected.
These new rules and regulations may make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and, in the future, we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee and compensation committee, and qualified executive officers.
By disclosing information in the various filings required of a public company, our business and financial condition will become more visible, which may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If those claims are successful, our business could be seriously harmed. Even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, the time and resources needed to resolve them could divert our management’s resources and seriously harm our business.
Delaware law and provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make a merger, tender offer or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the trading price of our Class A common stock.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that could depress the trading price of our Class A common stock by acting to discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or changes in our management that our stockholders may deem advantageous. In particular, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws:
•establish a classified board of directors so that not all members are elected at one time;
•permit our board of directors to establish the number of directors and fill any vacancies and newly-created directorships;
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•authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that our board of directors could use to implement a stockholder rights plan;
•provide that our board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our bylaws;
•restrict the forum for certain litigation against us to Delaware or to Federal court;
•reflect the dual class structure of our common stock; and
•establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders.
Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of Class A common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Class A common stock.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws together designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the federal district courts of the United States as the exclusive forums for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for the following types of actions or proceedings under Delaware statutory or common law:
•any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf;
•any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty;
•any action asserting a claim against us arising under the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws; and
•any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal-affairs doctrine.
This provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the U.S. federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.
In addition, our amended and restated bylaws provide that the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act.
These choice of forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees. While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring a claim in a venue other than those designated in the exclusive forum provisions. In such instance, we would expect to vigorously assert the validity and enforceability of the exclusive forum provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws. This may require significant additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions and there can be no assurance that the provisions will be enforced by a court in those other jurisdictions.
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Item 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

Item 2. | PROPERTIES

We conduct manufacturing, distribution and administrative activities in owned and leased facilities. As of November 28, 2021, we operated two manufacturing-related facilities abroad and 12 distribution centers around the world. We have renewal rights for most of our property leases. We anticipate that we will be able to extend these leases on terms satisfactory to us or, if necessary, locate substitute facilities on acceptable terms. We believe our facilities and equipment are in good condition and are suitable and adequate to meet our current requirements. Information about our key operating properties in use as of November 28, 2021 is summarized in the following table:

| Location |  | Primary Use |  | Leased/Owned |
| San Francisco, CA |  | Design and Product Development |  | Leased |
| Hebron, KY |  | Distribution |  | Owned |
| Canton, MS |  | Distribution |  | Owned |
| Henderson, NV |  | Distribution |  | Owned |
| Etobicoke, Canada |  | Distribution |  | Owned |
| Itapevi, Brazil |  | Distribution |  | Leased |
| Cuautitlan, Mexico |  | Distribution |  | Leased |
| Villa El Salvador, Peru |  | Distribution |  | Leased |
| Pudahuel, Chile |  | Distribution |  | Leased |
| Merone, Italy |  | Distribution |  | Leased |
| Plock, Poland |  | Manufacturing and Finishing |  | Leased(1) |
| Northhampton, U.K. |  | Distribution |  | Leased |
| Adelaide, Australia |  | Distribution |  | Leased |
| Cape Town, South Africa |  | Manufacturing, Finishing and Distribution |  | Leased |

______________
(1) Building and improvements are owned but subject to a ground lease.
Our global headquarters is located in leased premises in San Francisco, California, and we have additional commercial support offices in Diegem, Belgium and Singapore. The headquarters of Dockers® and Beyond Yoga® are located in leased premises in San Francisco, California and Culver City, California, respectively.
In addition to the above, we operate finance shared service centers in Eugene, Oregon and Bangalore, India. We also operate two data centers located in Carrollton and Westlake, Texas. As of November 28, 2021, we leased 69 administrative and sales offices in 38 countries, as well as leased nine warehouses in five countries.
As of November 28, 2021, we had 1,083 company-operated Levi's retail and outlet stores in leased premises in 37 countries: 360 stores in the Americas, 344 stores in Europe and 328 stores in Asia. Additionally, we had 51 Dockers® retail and outlet stores in leased premises.

Item 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the ordinary course of business, we have various claims, complaints and pending cases, including contractual matters, facility and employee-related matters, distribution matters, product liability matters, intellectual property matters, bankruptcy preference matters, and tax and administrative matters. We do not believe any of these pending claims, complaints and legal proceedings will have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.
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PART II

Item 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information
Our Class A common stock has traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “LEVI” since March 21, 2019. Prior to that date, there was no public trading market for our Class A common stock. Our Class B common stock is neither listed nor publicly traded.
Holders of Record
As of January 20, 2022, there were 56 holders of record of our Class A common stock and 254 holders of record of our Class B common stock. The number of Class A beneficial stockholders is substantially greater than the number of holders of record because a large portion of our Class A common stock is held in “street name” by banks and brokerage firms.
Dividend Policy
We do not have an established annual dividend policy, but we aim to grow our annual cash dividends along with our earnings growth. We will continue to review our ability to pay cash dividends on an ongoing basis and dividends may be declared at the discretion of the Board depending upon, among other factors, our financial condition and compliance with the terms of our debt agreements. Our debt arrangements limit our ability to pay dividends. For more detailed information about these limitations, see Note 9 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Incentive Plans
See Item 12, “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” for information regarding securities authorized for issuance.
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Cumulative Stock Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total return to stockholders on our Class A common stock relative to the cumulative total returns of the S&P 500, and the S&P 500 Apparel, Accessories and Luxury Goods. An investment of $100 (with reinvestment of all dividends) is assumed to have been made in our Class A common stock and in each index on March 21, 2019, the date our Class A common stock began trading on the NYSE, and its relative performance is tracked through November 28, 2021. The comparisons are based on historical data and are not indicative of, nor intended to forecast, the future performance of our Class A common stock.
The following table assumes an investment of $100 (with reinvestment of all dividends) to have been made in our Class A common stock and in each index on March 21, 2019, the date our Class A common stock began trading on the NYSE, and indicates the cumulative total return to stockholders on our Class A common stock and the cumulative total return of each index at our fiscal year ends of November 24, 2019, November 29, 2020 and November 28, 2021:

(in dollars) |  | March 21, 2019 |  | November 24, 2019 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 28, 2021 |
Levi Strauss & Co. |  | $ | 100.00 |  |  | $ | 76.40 |  |  | $ | 87.06 |  |  | $ | 124.82 |  |
S&P 500 |  | $ | 100.00 |  |  | $ | 114.49 |  |  | $ | 134.47 |  |  | $ | 172.02 |  |
S&P 500 Apparel, Accessories and Luxury Goods |  | $ | 100.00 |  |  | $ | 94.24 |  |  | $ | 89.99 |  |  | $ | 99.37 |  |

The information under “Cumulative Stock Performance Graph” is not deemed to be “soliciting material” or “filed” with the SEC or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C, or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, and is not to be incorporated by reference in any filing of Levi Strauss & Co. under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date of this Annual Report and irrespective of any general incorporation language in those filings.
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Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

Period | Total number of shares purchased(1) |  | Average price paid per share(2) |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs |  | Approximate maximum dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs |
September 30, 2021 - October 3, 2021 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
October 4, 2021 - October 31, 2021 | 2,599,358 |  |  | $ | 25.29 |  |  | 2,599,358 |  |  | $ | 134,251,052 |  |
November 1, 2021 - November 28, 2021 | 828,994 |  |  | $ | 27.31 |  |  | 828,994 |  |  | $ | 111,614,867 |  |
Total | 3,428,352 |  |  | $ | 25.78 |  |  | 3,428,352 |  |  |  |

_________
(1)In October 2021, our Board authorized a program to repurchase up to $200 million of our Class A common stock with no expiration date.
(2)The average price paid per share excludes any broker commissions.

Item 6. | RESERVED

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Item 7. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” for a discussion of forward-looking statements and important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements. We use a 52- or 53-week fiscal year, with each fiscal year ending on the Sunday that is closest to November 30 of that year. See “—Financial Information Presentation—Fiscal Year.”
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is designed to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of our management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect our future results.
To supplement our consolidated financial statements prepared and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"), we use certain non-GAAP financial measures throughout this Annual Report, as described further below, to provide investors with additional useful information about our financial performance, to enhance the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects and to allow for greater transparency with respect to important metrics used by our management for financial and operational decision-making. We are presenting these non-GAAP financial measures to assist investors in seeing our financial performance from management’s view and because we believe they provide an additional tool for investors to use in comparing our core financial performance over multiple periods with other companies in our industry.
However, non-GAAP financial measures have limitations in their usefulness to investors because they have no standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and are not prepared under any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. In addition, non-GAAP financial measures may be calculated differently from, and therefore may not be directly comparable to, similarly titled measures used by other companies. As a result, non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed as supplementing, and not as an alternative or substitute for, our consolidated financial statements prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP.
Overview
We are an iconic American company with a rich history of profitable growth, quality, innovation and corporate citizenship. Our story began in San Francisco, California, in 1853 as a wholesale dry goods business. We invented the blue jean 20 years later. Today we design, market and sell products that include jeans, casual and dress pants, tops, shorts, skirts, dresses, jackets, footwear and related accessories for men, women and children around the world under our Levi’s®, Dockers®, Signature by Levi Strauss & Co.™ and Denizen® brands. We service our consumers through our global infrastructure which develops, sources and markets our products around the world. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, we acquired Beyond Yoga®, which is a premium athletic and lifestyle apparel brand.
Our iconic, enduring brands are brought to life every day around the world by our talented and creative employees and partners. The Levi’s® brand epitomizes classic, authentic American style and effortless cool. We have cultivated Levi’s® as a lifestyle brand that is inclusive and democratic in the eyes of consumers while offering products that feel exclusive, personalized and original. This approach has enabled the Levi’s® brand to evolve with the times and continually reach a new, younger audience, while our rich heritage continues to drive relevance and appeal across demographics. The Dockers® brand helped drive "Casual Friday" in the 1990s and has been a cornerstone of casual menswear for more than 30 years. Seen as the khaki leader, Dockers® has returned to its California roots and is bringing a full range of casual, versatile styles for men and women to show up with cool confidence everyday. The Signature by Levi Strauss & Co.™ and Denizen® brands, which we developed for value-conscious consumers, offer quality craftsmanship and great fit and style at affordable prices. The Beyond Yoga® brand is a body positive, premium athleisure apparel brand focused on quality, fit and comfort.
We recognize wholesale revenue from sales of our products through third-party retailers such as department stores, specialty retailers, leading third-party e-commerce sites and franchise locations dedicated to our brands. We also sell our products directly to consumers through a variety of formats, including our own company-operated mainline and outlet stores, company-operated e-commerce sites and select shop-in-shops that we operate within department stores and other third-party retail locations. As of November 28, 2021, our products were sold in approximately 50,000 retail locations in more than 110 countries, including approximately 3,100 brand-dedicated stores and shop-in-shops. As of November 28, 2021, we had
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company-operated stores located in 37 countries and approximately 500 company-operated shop-in-shops. The remainder of our brand-dedicated stores and shop-in-shops were operated by franchisees and other partners.
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, we changed our segment reporting as a result of operational changes in support of the ongoing efforts to globally integrate the Levi's business, which includes Levi's®, Signature by Levi Strauss & Co.™ and Denizen® brands, and is defined geographically in three reportable segments: Americas, Europe and Asia. The Dockers® business, which is managed separately, is no longer reported in the geographical regions of Americas, Europe and Asia. Our newly acquired Beyond Yoga® business, along with the Dockers® business, do not meet the quantitative thresholds for reportable segments and are presented in our financial statements under the caption of Other Brands. While this reporting change did not impact consolidated results, the segment data has been recast to be consistent for all periods presented throughout the financial statements and accompanying footnotes. For additional information, including the financial results of our segments, see Note 23 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Our Europe and Asia businesses, collectively, contributed 44% of our net revenues and 39% of our segment operating income in fiscal year 2021, as compared to 46% of our net revenues and 37% of our segment operating income in fiscal year 2020. Sales of Levi’s® brand products represented approximately 87% of our net revenues in both fiscal year 2021 and fiscal year 2020. Pants represented 67% of our total units sold in fiscal year 2021 as compared to 65% in fiscal year 2020, and men's products generated 65% of our net revenues in fiscal year 2021 as compared to 64% in fiscal year 2020.
Our wholesale channel generated 64% and 61% of our net revenues in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our DTC channel generated 36% and 39% of our net revenues in fiscal years 2021 and 2020, respectively, with our company operated e-commerce representing 21% of DTC channel net revenues and 8% of total net revenues in both fiscal years. Our global digital business, which includes our e-commerce sites as well as the online business of our wholesale customers, including that of traditional wholesalers as well as pure-play (online-only) wholesalers represent approximately 22% of our total net revenues in fiscal year 2021, versus approximately 23% of our net revenues in fiscal year 2020.
Our Objectives
Our key long-term objectives are to strengthen our brands globally in order to deliver sustainable profitable growth and generate industry-leading shareholder returns. Critical strategies to achieve these objectives include being a brand-led business, putting DTC first, and further diversifying across geographies, categories, genders and channels. We intend to achieve these strategies through operational excellence, financial discipline, and the digital transformation of our business processes and ways of working, including leveraging data and machine learning in our decision making.
Impact of COVID-19 on Our Business
In fiscal year 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic materially impacted our business and results of operations. Due to the significant impact of COVID-19 on our prior year figures, certain comparisons to the same period in 2019 have been included for additional context.
In the first quarter of fiscal year 2020, the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was minimal, as temporary store closures were primarily within China. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic and government authorities around the world imposed lockdowns and restrictions and substantially all company-operated stores and third-party retail locations were temporarily closed. As global management of the COVID-19 pandemic evolved and government restrictions were eventually removed or lightened, substantially all stores were open by the end of the third quarter. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, a global resurgence in COVID-19 cases led to the temporary closure of some of our stores. During fiscal year 2020, a total of $250.0 million in charges were recognized, consisting of $90.4 million of restructuring charges, COVID-19 related inventory costs of $68.5 million, and charges for customer receivables, asset impairments and other related charges of $91.1 million.
During fiscal year 2021, company-operated stores and third-party retail locations have been, and continue to be, impacted by temporary closures, reduced hours and reduced occupancy levels as the result of the pandemic. We continue to experience differing levels of disruption and volatility, market by market. As of the end of fiscal 2021, approximately 99% of company-operated stores were open globally.
In addition, the pandemic has impacted, and continues to impact, our supply chain partners, including third party manufacturers, logistic providers and other vendors. Current vessel, container and other transportation shortages, labor shortages and port congestion globally have delayed and are expected to continue to delay inventory orders and, in turn, deliveries to our wholesale customers and availability in our company-operated stores and e-commerce sites. In the fourth quarter of 2021, supply chain disruptions resulted in the inability to fulfill all customer orders with an estimated impact on net revenues of approximately $50 million. We anticipate these supply chain disruptions could impact our sales volumes in future periods. We have also incurred in the fourth quarter of 2021, higher freight and other distribution costs, including air freight, to
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mitigate these delays. We continue to monitor these delays and other potential disruptions in our supply chain and will continue to implement mitigation plans as needed.
Despite the continued COVID-19 disruption and volatility, fiscal year 2021 revenues returned to pre-pandemic revenue levels, being essentially flat in comparison to fiscal year 2019. In our Americas segment, net revenues grew in comparison to the fiscal year 2019. Recovery in our Europe region was more market specific, delivering growth as compared to fiscal year 2019 when COVID restrictions were lightened, such as in the second half of fiscal 2021. Due to COVID-19 resurgences, certain markets within our Asia segment experienced COVID-19 disruptions and reduced consumer confidence throughout fiscal 2021 and as a result net revenues for that segment remained below pre-pandemic levels.
Although the global distribution of vaccines continues to progress and many government-imposed restrictions have been lightened or removed, the future impact of the COVID-19 pandemic remains highly uncertain. Resurgences of COVID-19 cases and the emergence of new variants have led to reduced consumer confidence and changes in shopping patterns adversely impacting store traffic as more consumers are either not shopping or choosing to shop online. Consequently, our business and results of operations, including our net revenues, earnings and cash flows, could continue to be adversely impacted, including as a result of:
•Risk of future additional temporary closures of our owned and operated retail stores globally as well as the doors owned by our wholesale customers, including third-party retailers and franchise partners;
•Decreased foot traffic in retail stores;
•Decreased consumer confidence and consumer spending habits, including spending for the merchandise that we sell and negative trends in consumer purchasing patterns due to changes in consumers’ disposable income, credit availability, debt levels and inflation;
•Decreased wholesale channel sales and increased likelihood of wholesale customer failure;
•Increased inventory, inventory write-downs and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices;
•Disruption to the supply chain affecting production, distribution and other logistical issues, including port closures and shipping backlogs;
•Challenges filling staffing requirements at our company-operated retail stores and distribution centers due to labor shortages affecting retail businesses;
•Decreased productivity due to travel bans, work-from-home policies or shelter-in-place orders; and
•A slowdown in the U.S. or global economy and uncertain global economic outlook, inflation or a credit crisis.
2020 Restructuring
In April 2020, we began to implement a restructuring initiative designed to reduce costs, streamline operations and support agility. In October 2020, we realigned our top level organization to support our new strategies, which became effective in fiscal year 2021. The final phase of the reorganization, which supported the on-going efforts to create an integrated global commercial organization and the separation of our Dockers® business, was completed in fiscal year 2021.
The initiative included the elimination of approximately 15% of our global non-retail and non-manufacturing positions and is expected to result in approximately $100 million in annual cost savings.
For the years ended November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, we recognized restructuring charges of $8.3 million and $90.4 million, respectively, which were recorded on a separate line item in our consolidated statements of operations. Within the consolidated balance sheet as of November 28, 2021, we had $19.1 million and $2.7 million in restructuring liabilities and other long-term liabilities, respectively, and an immaterial amount of pension and postretirement curtailment losses were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. The charges primarily relate to severance benefits, based on separation benefits provided by company policy or statutory benefit plans.
Other Factors Affecting Our Business
We believe the other key business and marketplace factors, independent of the health and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, that are impacting our business include the following:
•A complex and challenging retail environment for us and our customers, characterized by unpredictable traffic patterns and a general promotional environment. In developed economies, mixed real wage growth and shifting consumer spending also continue to pressure global discretionary spending. Consumers continue to focus on value pricing and increased expectations for real-time delivery.
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•The diversification of our business model across geographies, channels, brands and categories affects our gross margin. For example, if our sales in higher gross margin geographies, channels, brands and categories grow at a faster rate than in our lower gross margin geographies, channels, brands and categories, we would expect a favorable impact to aggregate gross margin over time. Gross margin in our Europe segment is generally higher than in our Americas and Asia segments. DTC sales generally have higher gross margins than sales through third parties, although DTC sales also typically have higher selling expenses. Value brands, which are focused on the value-conscious consumer, generally generate lower gross margin. Enhancements to our existing product offerings, or our expansion into new brands and products categories, may also impact our future gross margin.
•More competitors are seeking growth globally, thereby increasing competition across geographies and our segments. Some of these competitors are entering markets where we already have a mature business such as the United States, Mexico, Western Europe and Japan, and may provide consumers discretionary purchase alternatives or lower-priced apparel offerings.
•Wholesaler/retailer dynamics and wholesale channels remain challenged by mixed growth prospects due to increased competition from e-commerce shopping, pricing transparency enabled by the proliferation of online technologies, and vertically-integrated specialty stores. Retailers, including our top customers, have in the past and may in the future decide to consolidate, undergo restructurings or rationalize their stores, which could result in a reduction in the number of stores that carry our products.
•Many apparel companies that have traditionally relied on wholesale distribution channels have invested in expanding their own retail store and e-commerce distribution and consumer-facing technologies, which has increased competition in the retail market.
•Competition for, and price volatility of, resources throughout the supply chain have increased, causing us and other apparel manufacturers to continue to seek alternative sourcing channels and create new efficiencies in our global supply chain. Trends affecting the supply chain include the proliferation of lower-cost sourcing alternatives, resulting in reduced barriers to entry for new competitors, and the impact of fluctuating prices of labor and raw materials as well as the consolidation of suppliers. Trends such as these can bring additional pressure on us and other wholesalers and retailers to shorten lead-times, reduce costs and raise product prices.
•Foreign currencies continue to be volatile. Significant fluctuations of the U.S. Dollar against various foreign currencies, including the Euro, British Pound and Mexican Peso, will impact our financial results, affecting translation, revenue, operating margins and net income.
•The current environment has introduced greater uncertainty with respect to potential tax and trade regulations. The current domestic and international political environment, including changes to other U.S. policies related to global trade, tariffs and sanctions, have resulted in uncertainty surrounding the future state of the global economy. Such changes may require us to modify our current sourcing practices, which may impact our product costs, and, if not mitigated, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of o perations.
•There has been increased focus from our stakeholders, including consumers, employees and investors, on corporate ESG practices, including practices related to the causes and impacts of climate change. We expect that stakeholder expectations with respect to ESG expectations will continue to evolve rapidly, which may necessitate additional resources to monitor, report on, and adjust our operations.
These factors contribute to a global market environment of intense competition, constant product innovation and continuing cost pressure, and combine with the continuing global economic conditions to create a challenging commercial and economic environment. We evaluate these factors as we develop and execute our strategies.
Seasonality of Sales
We typically achieve our largest quarterly revenues in the fourth quarter. In fiscal year 2021, our net revenues in the first, second, third and fourth quarters represented 23%, 22%, 26% and 29%, respectively, of our total net revenues for the year. In fiscal year 2020, our net revenues in the first, second, third and fourth quarters represented 34%, 11%, 24% and 31%, respectively, of our total net revenues for the year.
We typically achieve a significant amount of revenues from our DTC channel on the Friday following Thanksgiving Day, which is commonly referred to as Black Friday. Due to the timing of our fiscal year-end, a particular fiscal year might include one, two or no Black Fridays, which could impact our net revenues for the fiscal year. Fiscal year 2019 did not have a Black Friday, while fiscal year 2020 had two Black Fridays and fiscal year 2021 included one Black Friday. Fiscal year 2020 benefited from a 53rd week.
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The level of our working capital reflects the seasonality of our business. We expect inventory, accounts payable and accrued expenses to be higher in the second and third quarters in preparation for the fourth quarter selling season but they could also be impacted by other events affecting retail sales, including adverse weather conditions or other macroeconomic events, including pandemics such as COVID-19.
Effects of Inflation
We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our results of operations in fiscal 2021, fiscal 2020 or fiscal 2019; however, our business could be affected by inflation in the future, which we plan to mitigate through a combination of pricing actions and operating efficiencies, although these actions could have an adverse impact on demand.
Our Results for the Fourth Quarter of Fiscal Year 2021
•Net revenues. Compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, consolidated net revenues increased 21.6% on a reported basis and 21.5% on a constant-currency basis. The increase reflects demand increasing to pre-pandemic levels, in comparison to adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in fiscal 2020, despite fiscal 2020 including the benefit of a 53rd week.
•Operating income. We recognized consolidated operating income of $186.3 million as compared to $92.0 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020. The increase was primarily due to higher net revenues and gross margin partially offset with higher SG&A expenses in the current year reflecting higher advertising, selling and administration expenses due to the increase in sales volume and improved overall company performance.
•Net income. We recognized net income of $153.0 million compared to $56.7 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020. The increase was primarily due to the increase in operating income described above.
•Adjusted EBIT. Adjusted EBIT was $202.5 million compared to $113.4 million recognized in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020. The increase was primarily due to higher net revenues and higher Adjusted gross margin in the current year partially offset with higher Adjusted SG&A reflecting higher advertising, selling and administration expenses due to the increase in sales volume and improved overall company performance.
•Adjusted net income. Adjusted net income was $169.8 million compared to Adjusted net income of $81.3 million in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020. The increase was primarily due to the increase in Adjusted EBIT as described above.
•Diluted earnings per share. Diluted earnings per share were $0.37 compared to $0.14 in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020 and $0.23 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019.
•Adjusted diluted earnings per share. Adjusted diluted earnings per share were $0.41 compared to $0.20 in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020 and $0.26 in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019.
Our Fiscal Year 2021 Results
•Net revenues. Compared to fiscal year 2020, consolidated net revenues increased 29.5% on a reported basis and 27.1% on a constant-currency basis. The increase was primarily due to demand increasing to pre-pandemic levels, in comparison to adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in fiscal 2020, including temporary store closures of company-operated and wholesale customer retail locations.
•Operating income (loss). We recognized consolidated operating income of $686.2 million as compared to an operating loss of $85.1 million in fiscal year 2020. The increase was primarily due to higher net revenues and gross margin partially offset with higher SG&A expenses in the current year reflecting higher administration, advertising and selling expenses due to the increase in sales volume and improved overall company performance. The prior year also included the recognition of $250.0 million in incremental COVID-19 charges.
•Net income (loss). We recognized net income of $553.5 million compared to a net loss of $127.1 million in fiscal year 2020. The increase was primarily due to the increase in operating income (loss) described above, offset by $36.5 million in incremental costs in the current year related to the early extinguishment of debt.
•Adjusted EBIT. Adjusted EBIT was $712.9 million compared to Adjusted EBIT of $181.1 million in fiscal year 2020. The increase was primarily due to higher net revenues and higher Adjusted gross margin in the current year partially offset with higher Adjusted SG&A expenses reflecting higher administration, advertising and selling expenses due to the increase in sales volume and improved overall company performance.
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•Adjusted net income. Adjusted net income was $600.9 million compared to Adjusted net income of $83.6 million in fiscal year 2020. The increase was primarily due to the increase in Adjusted EBIT as described above.
•Diluted earnings (loss) per share. Diluted earnings per share were $1.35 compared to diluted loss per share of $0.32 in fiscal year 2020.
•Adjusted diluted earnings per share. Adjusted diluted earnings per share were $1.47 compared to Adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.21 in fiscal year 2020.
For more information on Adjusted gross margin, Adjusted SG&A, Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted net income and Adjusted diluted earnings per share, measures not prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, and reconciliations of such measures to net income (loss) and diluted earnings (loss) per share, see “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.
Financial Information Presentation
Fiscal year. We use a 52- or 53-week fiscal year, with each fiscal year ending on the Sunday that is closest to November 30 of that year. Certain of our foreign subsidiaries have fiscal years ending November 30. Each fiscal year generally consists of four 13-week quarters, with each quarter ending on the Sunday that is closest to the last day of the last month of that quarter. Fiscal years 2021 and 2019 were 52-week years ending on November 28, 2021 and November 24, 2019, respectively. Fiscal year 2020 was a 53-week year ending on November 29, 2020. Each quarter of fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019 consisted of 13 weeks. The fourth quarter of 2020 consisted of 14 weeks.
Segments. Our Levi's Brands business, which includes Levi's®, Signature by Levi Strauss & Co.™ and Denizen® brands, is defined by geographical regions into three segments: Americas, Europe and Asia. Our Dockers® and Beyond Yoga® businesses are managed separately and do not meet the quantitative thresholds of a reportable operating segment and are reported in our financial statements under the caption of Other Brands.
Classification. Our classification of certain significant revenues and expenses reflects the following:
•Net revenues comprise net sales and licensing revenues. Net sales include sales of products to wholesale customers, including franchised stores, and direct sales to consumers at our company-operated stores and shop-in-shops located within department stores and other third party locations, as well as company-operated e-commerce sites. Net revenues include discounts, allowances for estimated returns and incentives. Licensing revenues, which include revenues from the use of our trademarks in connection with the manufacturing, advertising and distribution of trademarked products by third-party licensees, are earned and recognized as products are sold by licensees based on royalty rates as set forth in the applicable licensing agreements.
•Cost of goods sold primarily comprises product costs, labor and related overhead, sourcing costs, inbound freight, internal transfers and the cost of operating our manufacturing facilities, including the related depreciation expense. On both a reported and constant-currency basis, cost of goods sold reflects the transactional currency impact resulting from the purchase of products in a currency other than the functional currency.
•Selling expenses include, among other things, all occupancy costs and depreciation associated with our company-operated stores and commissions associated with our company-operated shop-in-shops, as well as costs associated with our e-commerce operations.
•We reflect substantially all distribution costs in selling, general and administrative expenses, including costs related to receiving and inspection at distribution centers, warehousing, shipping to our customers, handling, and certain other activities associated with our distribution network.
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Results of Operations
Fiscal Year 2021 compared to Fiscal Year 2020
The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, our consolidated statements of operations, the changes in these items from period to period and these items expressed as a percentage of net revenues:

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | % Increase (Decrease) |  | November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
|  |  | % of Net Revenues |  | % of Net Revenues
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Net revenues | $ | 5,763.9 |  |  | $ | 4,452.6 |  |  | 29.5 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of goods sold | 2,417.2 |  |  | 2,099.7 |  |  | 15.1 | % |  | 41.9 | % |  | 47.2 | %
Gross profit | 3,346.7 |  |  | 2,352.9 |  |  | 42.2 | % |  | 58.1 | % |  | 52.8 | %
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 2,652.2 |  |  | 2,347.6 |  |  | 13.0 | % |  | 46.0 | % |  | 52.7 | %
Restructuring charges, net | 8.3 |  |  | 90.4 |  |  | (90.8) | % |  | 0.1 | % |  | 2.0 | %
Operating income (loss) | 686.2 |  |  | (85.1) |  |  | * |  | 11.9 | % |  | (1.9) | %
Interest expense | (72.9) |  |  | (82.2) |  |  | (11.3) | % |  | (1.3) | % |  | (1.8) | %
Loss on early extinguishment of debt | (36.5) |  |  | — |  |  | * |  | (0.6) | % |  | — | %
Other income (expense), net | 3.4 |  |  | (22.4) |  |  | 115.2 | % |  | 0.1 | % |  | (0.5) | %
Income (loss) before income taxes | 580.2 |  |  | (189.7) |  |  | * |  | 10.1 | % |  | (4.3) | %
Income tax expense (benefit) | 26.7 |  |  | (62.6) |  |  | 142.7 | % |  | 0.5 | % |  | (1.4) | %
Net income (loss) | $ | 553.5 |  |  | $ | (127.1) |  |  | * |  | 9.6 | % |  | (2.9) | %
Earnings (loss) per common share attributable to common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.38 |  |  | $ | (0.32) |  |  | * |  | * |  | *
Diluted | $ | 1.35 |  |  | $ | (0.32) |  |  | * |  | * |  | *
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 401.6 |  |  | 397.3 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  | * |  | *
Diluted | 409.8 |  |  | 397.3 |  |  | 3.1 | % |  | * |  | *

_____________
* Not meaningful
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Net revenues
The following table presents net revenues for each reportable segment for the periods indicated, and the changes in net revenues for each reportable segment on both reported and constant-currency bases from period to period:

| Year Ended
|  |  |  |  | % Increase (Decrease)
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | As Reported |  | Constant Currency
| (Dollars in millions)
Net revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Levi's Brands: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas | $ | 2,934.8 |  |  | $ | 2,187.9 |  |  | 34.1 | % |  | 33.7 | %
Europe | 1,704.0 |  |  | 1,391.8 |  |  | 22.4 | % |  | 18.0 | %
Asia | 834.7 |  |  | 663.4 |  |  | 25.8 | % |  | 22.1 | %
Total Levi's Brands net revenues: | 5,473.5 |  |  | 4,243.1 |  |  | 29.0 | % |  | 26.6 | %
Other Brands | 290.4 |  |  | 209.5 |  |  | 38.6 | % |  | 37.5 | %
Total net revenues | $ | 5,763.9 |  |  | $ | 4,452.6 |  |  | 29.5 | % |  | 27.1 | %

As compared to the same period in the prior year, total net revenues were affected favorably by approximately $82 million in foreign currency exchange rates.
Americas. Net revenues in our Americas segment increased on both reported and constant-currency bases, with currency affecting net revenues favorably by approximately $8 million. In fiscal year 2021, our net revenues in this segment exceeded pre-pandemic levels across both our wholesale and DTC channels in comparison to the adverse impact COVID-19 had on our business in the prior year.
Wholesale channel revenue increased as a larger number of stores were open, and demand increased during fiscal 2021 as compared to the prior year, when COVID-19 resulted in many stores being closed in the second and third quarters as well as reduced demand once locations re-opened. A higher number of units were sold to both our traditional and digital wholesale customers, in the U.S. and internationally, in fiscal year 2021 as compared to fiscal year 2020.
The increase in DTC channel revenue was due to the majority of our company-operated stores being open and operating during fiscal year 2021, as compared to the prior year when the majority of our store network was closed for varying periods of time or operating under reduced capacity as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, there were 28 more stores in operation as of November 28, 2021, as compared to November 29, 2020. E-commerce revenue also grew due to increased traffic and higher conversion despite the prior year period including the benefit of two Black Fridays and a 53rd week.
Europe. Net revenues in Europe increased on both reported and constant-currency bases, with currency translation affecting net revenues favorably by approximately $53 million. In fiscal 2021, our net revenues returned to pre-pandemic levels, driven by strong growth in the second half of the year in both our wholesale and DTC channels, prior to COVID-19 resurgences impacting select markets late in the fourth quarter.
The increase in wholesale channel revenue is primarily due to a larger number of wholesale customer locations being open during fiscal year 2021, as compared to the prior year when many stores were closed, or experienced decreased demand as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sales to our digital wholesale customers, including pure-play and online sales of our traditional wholesale customers increased in comparison to fiscal year 2020.
The increase in DTC channel revenue was due to the majority of our company-operated stores being open and operating during fiscal 2021, as compared to the prior year when many company-operated stores were closed or impacted by lower traffic and reduced operating and occupancy levels as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, there were five more stores in operation as of November 28, 2021, as compared to November 29, 2020. E-commerce revenue grew during the year as a result of increased conversion and increased dollars spent per order despite the prior year including the benefit of two Black Fridays and a 53rd week.
Asia. Net revenues in Asia increased on both reported and constant-currency bases, with currency translation affecting net revenues favorably by approximately $20 million. In fiscal 2021, net revenues in both wholesale and DTC channels grew in comparison to fiscal year 2020, but remained below pre-pandemic levels as various markets continued to be challenged by COVID-19 resurgences and related restrictions.
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The increase in wholesale revenue was primarily due to a larger portion of wholesale customer locations being open and operating throughout fiscal 2021, as compared to the same period in 2020, where many locations were closed for varying periods of time throughout the fiscal year as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The increase in DTC revenue was primarily due to a larger amount of our company-operated stores being open and operating throughout fiscal 2021, as compared to fiscal year 2020 when many of our company operated stores were closed for varying periods of time as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, there were five more stores in operation as of November 28, 2021, as compared to November 29, 2020. E-commerce revenue grew compared to the prior year as momentum continued since the onset of the pandemic last year.
Other Brands. Net revenues in Other Brands increased on both reported and constant-currency bases, with currency translation affecting net revenues favorably by approximately $2 million. Net revenues growth was primarily due to the adverse COVID-19 impact on our Dockers® brand revenues in the prior year and the inclusion of Beyond Yoga® revenues since the date of acquisition.
Gross profit
The following table shows consolidated gross profit and gross margin for the periods indicated and the changes in these items from period to period:

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | % Increase (Decrease)
| (Dollars in millions)
Net revenues | $ | 5,763.9 |  |  | $ | 4,452.6 |  |  | 29.5 | %
Cost of goods sold | 2,417.2 |  |  | 2,099.7 |  |  | 15.1 | %
Gross profit | $ | 3,346.7 |  |  | $ | 2,352.9 |  |  | 42.2 | %
Gross margin | 58.1 | % |  | 52.8 | % |  |

Currency translation favorably impacted gross profit by approximately $45 million. The increase in gross margin was mainly due to favorable product mix within our retail and wholesale channels. Price increases also attributed to approximately 0.5% of the increase in the current year. Additionally, there were $69 million of COVID-19 related inventory charges recognized in the prior year, attributing to 1.6 percentage points of the 5.3 percentage point increase.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
The following table shows selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses for the periods indicated, the changes in these items from period to period and these items expressed as a percentage of net revenues:

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | % Increase (Decrease) |  | November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
|  |  | % of Net Revenues |  | % of Net Revenues
| (Dollars in millions)
Selling | $ | 1,130.6 |  |  | $ | 1,040.4 |  |  | 8.7 | % |  | 19.6 | % |  | 23.4 | %
Advertising and promotion | 434.5 |  |  | 331.4 |  |  | 31.1 | % |  | 7.5 | % |  | 7.4 | %
Administration | 485.5 |  |  | 343.2 |  |  | 41.5 | % |  | 8.4 | % |  | 7.7 | %
Other | 596.2 |  |  | 542.3 |  |  | 9.9 | % |  | 10.3 | % |  | 12.2 | %
COVID-19 related charges | 5.4 |  |  | 90.3 |  |  | (94.0) | % |  | 0.1 | % |  | 2.0 | %
Total SG&A expenses | $ | 2,652.2 |  |  | $ | 2,347.6 |  |  | 13.0 | % |  | 46.0 | % |  | 52.7 | %

Currency translation affected SG&A expenses unfavorably by approximately $43 million as compared to the prior year.
Selling. Currency translation impacted selling expenses unfavorably by approximately $25 million for the year ended November 28, 2021. The increase in selling expenses is primarily due to the majority of our company-operated stores being open and operating during the fiscal year 2021, in comparison to substantially all of our company-operated stores being
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temporarily closed for varying periods of time throughout fiscal year 2020. The increase was partially offset with lower compensation costs due to the cost-savings actions initiated in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020 in response to COVID-19.
Advertising and promotion. Currency translation impacted advertising and promotion expense unfavorably by approximately $6 million for the year ended November 28, 2021. The increase in advertising and promotion expenses for the fiscal year 2021 is due to increased spend to support revenue growth and restoring media spend that was eliminated in the prior year in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Administration. Administration expenses include functional administrative and organization costs. Currency translation impacted administration expenses unfavorably by approximately $6 million for the year ended November 28, 2021. The increase in administration costs for the fiscal year 2021 is primarily due to higher incentive compensation attributed to higher sales and stronger company performance as compared to the prior year, which was adversely impacted by COVID-19.
Other. Other costs include distribution, information resources, and marketing organization costs. Currency translation impacted other SG&A expenses unfavorably by approximately $6 million for fiscal year 2021. The increase in other costs for the fiscal year 2021 was primarily due to higher distribution expenses attributed to increased sales volume as compared to the prior year, which was adversely impacted by COVID-19.
COVID-19 related charges. COVID-19 related charges consist of incremental charges as a result of COVID-19 related business disruptions, including asset impairment and other charges. The decrease in COVID-19 related charges for the fiscal year 2021 is due to the initial recognition of related inventory costs and other charges upon the onset of the pandemic recognized in the prior year. During fiscal year 2021, we recognized a net $5.4 million in COVID-19 related charges which includes impairment charges of certain retail store related assets resulting from lower revenue and future cash flow projections from the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic partially offset with reductions in allowances related to customer receivables. During fiscal year 2020, we recognized $44.3 million in impairment of certain operating lease right-of-use assets and $21.7 million in impairment of property and equipment related to certain retail locations and other corporate assets, as a result of lower revenue and future cash flow projections in relation to the pandemic. Additional charges of $17.7 million related to customer receivables, including provisions and other allowances as a result of changes in their financial condition of $5.2 million and actual and anticipated bankruptcies and other associated claims of $12.5 million. The remainder relates to other incremental costs incurred in response to the global pandemic.
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Operating income (loss)
The following table shows operating income (loss) for each reportable segment and corporate expenses for the periods indicated, the changes in these items from period to period and these items expressed as a percentage of corresponding segment net revenues or consolidated net revenues:

| Year Ended |
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | % Increase (Decrease) |  | November 28, 2021 |  |  | November 29, 2020 |
|  |  | % of Net Revenues |  |  | % of Net Revenues |
| (Dollars in millions) |
Operating income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Levi's Brands: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas | $ | 660.2 |  |  | $ | 318.7 |  |  | 107.2 | % |  | 22.5 | % |  |  | 14.6 | % |
Europe | 396.4 |  |  | 207.9 |  |  | 90.7 | % |  | 23.3 | % |  |  | 14.9 | % |
Asia | 35.1 |  |  | (21.4) |  |  | * |  | 4.2 | % |  |  | (3.2) | % |
Total Levi's Brands operating income | 1,091.7 |  |  | 505.2 |  |  | 116.1 | % |  | 19.9 | % |  |  | 11.9 | % |
Other Brands | 10.4 |  |  | (3.3) |  |  | * |  | 3.6 | % |  |  | (1.6) | % |
Restructuring charges, net | (8.3) |  |  | (90.4) |  |  | (90.8) | % |  | (0.1) | % | v |  | (2.0) | % | v
Corporate expenses | (407.6) |  |  | (496.6) |  |  | (17.9) | % |  | (7.1) | % | v |  | (11.2) | % | v
Total operating income (loss) | $ | 686.2 |  |  | $ | (85.1) |  |  | * |  | 11.9 | % | v |  | (1.9) | % | v
Operating margin | 11.9 | % |  | (1.9) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

______________
v Percentage of consolidated net revenues
* Not meaningful.
Currency translation affected total operating income in fiscal year 2021 favorably by approximately $2 million as compared to the prior year.
Segment operating income.
•Americas. Currency translation did not have a significant impact on operating income in the segment for fiscal year 2021. The increase in operating income is primarily due to higher net revenues and gross margin, partially offset with higher selling expenses to support our stores, higher advertising and promotion expenses and higher distribution costs. The prior year was adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
•Europe. Currency translation favorably affected operating income in the segment by approximately $4 million as compared to the prior year. The increase in operating income was primarily due to higher net revenues this year, as well as improved gross margin and lower selling expenses partially offset with higher advertising and incentive compensation costs. The COVID-19 pandemic had an adverse impact in the prior year.
•Asia. Currency translation did not have a significant impact on operating income in the segment for fiscal year 2021. The increase in operating income was primarily due higher net revenues and gross margin this year partially offset with higher selling expense to support our stores as well as higher advertising and promotion expenses and higher incentive compensation costs. The COVID-19 pandemic had an adverse impact in the prior year.
•Other Brands. Currency translation did not have a significant impact on operating income in the segment for fiscal year 2021. The increase in operating income was primarily due to higher net revenues and gross margin this year, partially offset with higher SG&A expenses. Other Brands benefited from the inclusion of Beyond Yoga® since the acquisition date, including a gross margin of 65.6%.
Restructuring charges, net. During the year ended November 28, 2021, we recognized restructuring charges of $8.3 million as compared to restructuring charges of $90.4 million, consisting primarily of severance and other post-employment benefits. See “— Overview - 2020 Restructuring” above for more information.
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Corporate expenses. Corporate expenses represent costs that management does not attribute to any of our operating segments. Included in corporate expenses are acquisition related charges, COVID-19 related charges and other corporate staff costs. Corporate expenses also include costs associated with our global inventory sourcing organization and COVID-19 and acquisition related inventory costs which are reported as a component of consolidated gross margin. Currency translation unfavorably affected corporate expenses by approximately $2 million as compared to prior year.
The decrease in corporate expenses for the year ended November 28, 2021 was primarily due to the COVID-19 related net inventory costs and other charges, and impairment of certain store right-of-use and other store assets, recognized in the prior year in response to the COVID-19 pandemic partially offset with higher employee incentive costs due to improved company performance in the current year.
Interest expense
Interest expense was $72.9 million for the year ended November 28, 2021, as compared to $82.2 million in the prior year. The decrease in interest expense was primarily related to redemption of $1.0 billion of our senior notes.
Our weighted-average interest rate on average borrowings outstanding for fiscal year 2021 was 4.32%, as compared to 4.75% for fiscal year 2020.
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
During the year ended November 28, 2021, we recognized a net loss of $36.5 million primarily related to the early extinguishment of our 5.00% Senior Notes due 2025.
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net, primarily consists of foreign exchange management activities and transactions. For the years ended November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, we recorded net other income of $3.4 million and other expense of $22.4 million, respectively. The income in fiscal year 2021 primarily reflected net periodic pension benefit for the qualified pension plan, net gains on our foreign currency denominated balances, and investment interest generated from money market funds, partially offset by net losses on our foreign exchange derivatives. The expense in fiscal year 2020 primarily consists of $14.7 million in pension settlement losses as well as foreign currency transaction losses, partially offset by the interest income generated from money market funds and short-term investments.
Income tax expense (benefit)
Income tax expense (benefit) was $26.7 million for the year ended November 28, 2021, compared to $(62.6) million for the prior year. Our effective income tax rate was 4.6% for the year ended November 28, 2021, compared to 33.0% for the prior year. The decrease in the effective tax rate in fiscal year 2021 as compared to fiscal year 2020 was driven by benefit from the foreign derived intangible income deduction on actual and deemed royalty income and $41.6 million benefit from stock-based compensation exercises which includes state income taxes.
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Fiscal Year 2020 compared to Fiscal Year 2019
The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, our consolidated statements of operations, the changes in these items from period to period and these items expressed as a percentage of net revenues:

| Year Ended
| November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019 |  | % Increase (Decrease) |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
|  |  | % of Net Revenues |  | % of Net Revenues
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Net revenues | $ | 4,452.6 |  |  | $ | 5,763.1 |  |  | (22.7) | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of goods sold | 2,099.7 |  |  | 2,661.7 |  |  | (21.1) | % |  | 47.2 | % |  | 46.2 | %
Gross profit | 2,352.9 |  |  | 3,101.4 |  |  | (24.1) | % |  | 52.8 | % |  | 53.8 | %
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 2,347.6 |  |  | 2,534.7 |  |  | (7.4) | % |  | 52.7 | % |  | 44.0 | %
Restructuring charges, net | 90.4 |  |  | — |  |  | * |  | 2.0 | % |  | — | %
Operating (loss) income | (85.1) |  |  | 566.7 |  |  | (115.0) | % |  | (1.9) | % |  | 9.8 | %
Interest expense | (82.2) |  |  | (66.2) |  |  | 24.2 | % |  | (1.8) | % |  | (1.1) | %
Underwriter commission paid on behalf of selling stockholders | — |  |  | (24.9) |  |  | * |  | — | % |  | (0.4) | %
Other (expense) income, net | (22.4) |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | * |  | (0.5) | % |  | — | %
(Loss) income before income taxes | (189.7) |  |  | 477.6 |  |  | (139.7) | % |  | (4.3) | % |  | 8.3 | %
Income tax (benefit) expense | (62.6) |  |  | 82.6 |  |  | (175.8) | % |  | (1.4) | % |  | 1.4 | %
Net (loss) income | (127.1) |  |  | 395.0 |  |  | (132.2) | % |  | (2.9) | % |  | 6.9 | %
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | * |  | — | % |  | — | %
Net (loss) income attributable to Levi Strauss & Co. | $ | (127.1) |  |  | $ | 394.6 |  |  | (132.2) | % |  | (2.9) | % |  | 6.8 | %
(Loss) earnings per common share attributable to common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.32) |  |  | $ | 1.01 |  |  | (131.7) | % |  | * |  | *
Diluted | $ | (0.32) |  |  | $ | 0.97 |  |  | (133.0) | % |  | * |  | *
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 397.3 |  |  | 389.1 |  |  | 2.1 | % |  | * |  | *
Diluted | 397.3 |  |  | 408.4 |  |  | (2.7) | % |  | * |  | *

_____________
* Not meaningful
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Net revenues
The following table presents net revenues by operating segment for the periods indicated, and the changes in net revenues by operating segment on both reported and constant-currency bases from period to period:

| Year Ended
|  |  |  |  | % Increase (Decrease)
| November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019 |  | As Reported |  | Constant Currency
| (Dollars in millions)
Net revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Levi's Brands: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas | $ | 2,187.9 |  |  | $ | 2,771.1 |  |  | (21.0) | % |  | (19.9) | %
Europe | 1,391.8 |  |  | 1,707.5 |  |  | (18.5) | % |  | (18.5) | %
Asia | 663.4 |  |  | 926.1 |  |  | (28.4) | % |  | (27.5) | %
Total Levi's Brands net revenues | 4,243.1 |  |  | 5,404.7 |  |  | (21.5) | % |  | (20.8) | %
Other Brands | 209.6 |  |  | 358.4 |  |  | (41.5) | % |  | (40.4) | %
Total net revenues | $ | 4,452.7 |  |  | $ | 5,763.1 |  |  | (22.7) | % |  | (22.0) | %

As compared to the same period in the prior year, total net revenues were affected unfavorably by approximately $56 million in foreign currency exchange rates.
Americas. On both a reported basis and constant-currency basis, net revenues in our Americas segment decreased for fiscal year 2020. Currency translation had an unfavorable impact on net revenues of approximately $38 million for the year. The decrease in net revenues was due to the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on both our wholesale and DTC channels throughout the year.
The decrease in wholesale revenues was primarily due to the temporary closures of third-party retail locations, most of which were closed for the duration of the second quarter, as well as decreased demand throughout the remainder of the year as locations reopened. These declines were partially offset by increases in Levi's® and Signature products sold to traditional and digital wholesale customers deemed essential, allowing them to remain open throughout the year, either through their retail locations, or e-commerce sites.
The decrease in DTC channel revenue was due to the temporary closures of our company-operated stores as the majority of our store network was closed during the second and part-way through the third quarter as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. As stores reopened, they were impacted by decreased traffic throughout the remainder of the year, many operating under reduced hours and occupancy levels. This was partially offset by incremental revenues from our newly acquired South American distributor, first quarter revenue growth in our DTC channel and the inclusion of non-comparable net revenues from two Black Fridays and a 53rd week in fiscal year 2020 when compared to fiscal year 2019. As of November 29, 2020, approximately 94% of our company-operated stores in the Americas were open and our store network had 61 more stores in operation as compared to November 24, 2019. E-commerce revenue also had strong growth during the year due to increased traffic and higher conversion, as consumer spending continued to shift towards online shopping, as well as from the benefit of two Black Fridays and a 53rd week in fiscal year 2020 when compared to fiscal year 2019.
Europe. Net revenues in Europe decreased on both reported and constant-currency bases. Currency translation did not have a significant impact on net revenues in the segment for fiscal year 2020. The decrease in net revenues was driven by the adverse impact COVID-19 had across both our wholesale and DTC channels throughout the year.
Wholesale revenue declined due to the temporary closure of our wholesale customers' retail locations, most of which were closed for the duration of the second quarter and some again in the fourth quarter due to a resurgence of COVID-19, as well as decreased demand when locations were open after the pandemic began. These declines were partially offset by growth in our digital wholesale customer revenues as well as first quarter growth from our traditional wholesale customers.
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The decrease in DTC channel revenue was due to the temporary closures of our company-operated stores as the majority of our store network was closed during the second quarter, with some stores closed again in the fourth quarter due to a resurgence of COVID-19. When stores were able to open after the first wave of the pandemic, they were impacted by lower traffic, many operating under reduced hours and store occupancy levels. This decline was partially offset with first quarter growth within our company operated retail network and the inclusion of non-comparable net revenues from two Black Fridays and a 53rd week in fiscal year 2020 as compared to fiscal year 2019. As of November 29, 2020, approximately 66% of our company-operated stores in Europe were open and our store network had 29 more stores in operation as compared to November 24, 2019. E-commerce revenue grew during the year as a result of increased traffic, as consumer spending continued to shift towards online shopping, as well as from the benefit of two Black Fridays and a 53rd week in fiscal year 2020 when compared to fiscal year 2019.
Asia. Net revenues in Asia decreased on both reported and constant-currency bases, with currency translation affecting net revenues unfavorably by approximately $11 million. The decrease in net revenues was driven by the adverse impact COVID-19 had across our wholesale and DTC channels throughout the year.
Wholesale revenue declined due to temporary store closures impacting wholesale customer retail locations across the segment, starting in the second quarter and at various times throughout the remainder of the year, offsetting first quarter growth.
DTC channel revenue decreased due to the temporary store closures that started in China and neighboring countries midway through the first quarter, and then spread throughout various parts of the segment for varying periods of time during the year as sporadic COVID-19 outbreaks and partial and full lockdowns impacted the segment. As stores reopened, sales were impacted by lower foot traffic and restrictions on operating hours and store occupancy levels. The decline in DTC revenue was partially offset by growth in e-commerce revenue in fiscal year 2020 as compared to fiscal year 2019. As of November 29, 2020, approximately 99% of our company-operated stores in Asia were open and our store network had 25 more stores in operation as compared to November 24, 2019.
Other Brands. Net revenues in Other Brands increased on both reported and constant-currency bases, with currency translation affecting net revenues unfavorably by approximately $7 million. The decrease in net revenues was due to the adverse COVID-19 impact on our Dockers® brand revenues in fiscal 2020.
Gross profit
The following table shows consolidated gross profit and gross margin for the periods indicated and the changes in these items from period to period:

| Year Ended
| November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019 |  | % Increase (Decrease)
| (Dollars in millions)
Net revenues | $ | 4,452.6 |  |  | $ | 5,763.1 |  |  | (22.7) | %
Cost of goods sold | 2,099.7 |  |  | 2,661.7 |  |  | (21.1) | %
Gross profit | $ | 2,352.9 |  |  | $ | 3,101.4 |  |  | (24.1) | %
Gross margin | 52.8 | % |  | 53.8 | % |  |

Currency translation unfavorably impacted gross profit by approximately $23 million. The decrease in gross margin was mainly due to COVID-19 related charges, which primarily included the recognition of incremental inventory reserves of $42.3 million and adverse fabric purchase commitments of $26.2 million which decreased gross margin by 1.6 percentage points. These adverse impacts were partially offset by price increases implemented in the second half of the prior year.
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Selling, general and administrative expenses
The following table shows our SG&A expenses for the periods indicated, the changes in these items from period to period and these items expressed as a percentage of net revenues:

| Year Ended
| November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019 |  | % Increase (Decrease) |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
|  |  | % of Net Revenues |  | % of Net Revenues
| (Dollars in millions)
Selling | $ | 1,040.4 |  |  | $ | 1,116.8 |  |  | (6.8) | % |  | 23.4 | % |  | 19.4 | %
Advertising and promotion | 331.4 |  |  | 399.3 |  |  | (17.0) | % |  | 7.4 | % |  | 6.9 | %
Administration | 343.2 |  |  | 426.0 |  |  | (19.4) | % |  | 7.7 | % |  | 7.4 | %
Other | 542.3 |  |  | 592.6 |  |  | (8.5) | % |  | 12.2 | % |  | 10.3 | %
COVID-19 related charges | 90.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 2.0 | % |  | — | %
Total SG&A expenses | $ | 2,347.6 |  |  | $ | 2,534.7 |  |  | (7.4) | % |  | 52.7 | % |  | 44.0 | %

Currency translation affected SG&A expenses favorably by approximately $15 million as compared to the prior year.
Selling. Currency translation impacted selling expenses favorably by approximately $9 million for the year ended November 29, 2020. Lower selling expenses primarily reflected decreased costs due to the temporary closure of our company operated retail stores as well as cost-savings actions initiated during the second quarter. Selling expenses as a percentage of net revenues increased due to the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on net revenues, offset in part by cost-savings actions implemented during the year.
Advertising and promotion. Currency translation impacted advertising and promotion expense favorably by approximately $3 million for the year ended November 29, 2020. The decrease in advertising and promotion expenses is due to our decision to reduce spending in response to COVID-19 in the channels most affected by the economic shutdown.
Administration. Administration expenses include functional administrative and organization costs. Currency translation did not have a significant impact on administration expenses for fiscal year 2020. The decrease in administration expenses is largely due to lower employee and incentive costs, which included the impact of cost-savings actions implemented in response to COVID-19.
Other. Other costs include distribution, information resources, and marketing organization costs. Currency translation impacted other SG&A expenses favorably by approximately $2 million for fiscal year 2020. The decrease in other costs was primarily due to lower distribution expenses attributable to reduced sales volume as well as cost-savings actions implemented in response to COVID-19.
COVID-19 related charges. During the year ended November 29, 2020, we recognized $44.3 million in impairment of certain operating lease right-of-use assets and $21.7 million in impairment of property and equipment related to certain retail locations and other corporate assets, resulting from lower revenue and future cash flow projections from the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional charges of $17.7 million relate to customer receivables, including provisions and other allowances as a result of changes in their financial condition of $5.2 million and actual and anticipated bankruptcies and other associated claims of $12.5 million. The remainder relates to other incremental costs incurred in response to the global pandemic.
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Operating income (loss)
The following table shows operating income by operating segment and corporate expenses for the periods indicated, the changes in these items from period to period and these items expressed as a percentage of corresponding segment net revenues:

| Year Ended |
| November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019 |  | % Increase (Decrease) |  | November 29, 2020 |  |  | November 24, 2019 |
|  |  | % of Net Revenues |  |  | % of Net Revenues |
| (Dollars in millions) |
Operating (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Levi's Brands: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Americas | $ | 318.7 |  |  | $ | 519.7 |  |  | (38.7) | % |  | 14.6 | % |  |  | 18.8 | % |
Europe | 207.9 |  |  | 350.1 |  |  | (40.6) | % |  | 14.9 | % |  |  | 20.5 | % |
Asia | (21.4) |  |  | 87.5 |  |  | (124.5) | % |  | (3.2) | % |  |  | 9.4 | % |
Total Levi's Brands operating income | 505.2 |  |  | 957.3 |  |  | (47.2) | % |  | 11.9 | % |  |  | 17.7 | % |
Other Brands | (3.3) |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | (146.5) | % |  | (1.6) | % |  |  | 2.0 | % |
Restructuring charges, net | (90.4) |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | (2.0) | % | * |  | — | % | *
Corporate expenses | (496.6) |  |  | (397.7) |  |  | 24.9 | % |  | (11.2) | % | * |  | (6.9) | % | *
Total operating (loss) income | $ | (85.1) |  |  | $ | 566.7 |  |  | (115.0) | % |  | (1.9) | % | * |  | 9.8 | % | *
Operating margin | (1.9) | % |  | 9.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

* Percentage of consolidated net revenues
Currency translation affected total operating income in fiscal year 2020 unfavorably by approximately $8 million as compared to the prior year.
Segment operating income (loss).
•Americas. Currency translation unfavorably affected operating income in the segment by approximately $8 million as compared to the prior year. The decrease in operating income was primarily due to the adverse impacts of COVID-19, including lower net revenues, partially offset by lower SG&A expenses as discretionary and variable expenses were reduced or eliminated in response to COVID-19.
•Europe. Currency translation did not have a significant impact on operating income in the segment for fiscal year 2020. The decrease in operating income was primarily due to the adverse impacts of COVID-19, including lower net revenues, partially offset by lower SG&A expenses as discretionary and variable expenses were reduced or eliminated in response to COVID-19, net of higher selling costs to support store expansion.
•Asia. Currency translation did not have a significant impact on operating income in the segment for fiscal year 2020. The decrease in operating income was primarily due to the adverse impacts of COVID-19, including lower net revenues, partially offset by lower SG&A expenses as discretionary and variable expenses were reduced or eliminated in response to COVID-19.
•Other Brands. Currency translation did not have a significant impact on operating income in the segment for fiscal year 2020. Excluding the effects of currency, the decrease in operating income for fiscal year 2020 was due to lower net revenues, partially offset by lower SG&A selling expenses.
Restructuring charges, net. During the year ended November 29, 2020, we recognized restructuring charges of $90.4 million, consisting primarily of severance and other post-employment benefits. See “- Overview - 2020 Restructuring” above for more information.
Corporate expenses. Corporate expenses represent costs that management does not attribute to any of our operating segments. Included in corporate expenses are restructuring charges, COVID-19 related charges and other corporate staff costs. Corporate expenses also include costs associated with our global inventory sourcing organization and COVID-19 related inventory costs which are reported as a component of consolidated gross margin.
The increase in corporate expenses for the year ended November 29, 2020 was primarily due to net restructuring charges, COVID-19 related net inventory costs and other charges, and impairment of certain store right-of-use and other store assets.
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Interest expense
Interest expense was $82.2 million for the year ended November 29, 2020, as compared to $66.2 million in the prior year. The increase in interest expense was primarily related to additional borrowings from senior notes.
Our weighted-average interest rate on average borrowings outstanding for fiscal year 2020 was 4.75%, as compared to 5.31% for fiscal year 2019.
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net, primarily consists of foreign exchange management activities and transactions. For the years ended November 29, 2020 and November 24, 2019, we recorded net other expense of $22.4 million and other income of $2.0 million, respectively. The expense in fiscal year 2020 primarily consists of $14.7 million in pension settlement losses as well as foreign currency transaction losses, partially offset by the interest income generated from money market funds and short-term investments. The income in fiscal year 2019 primarily reflected net gains on our foreign exchange derivatives and investment interest generated from money market funds, partially offset by net losses on our foreign currency denominated balances.
Income tax (benefit) expense
Income tax (benefit) expense was $(62.6) million for the year ended November 29, 2020, compared to $82.6 million for the prior year. Our effective income tax rate was 33.0% for the year ended November 29, 2020, compared to 17.3% for the prior year. The increase in the effective tax rate in fiscal year 2020 as compared to fiscal year 2019 was driven by a significant decrease in income before income taxes. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to a $26.1 million benefit from stock-based compensation exercises, which includes state income taxes, and a $4.6 million benefit resulting from the carryback of U.S. net operating losses to tax years with a higher federal income tax rate as allowed under the CARES Act, offset with a $18.3 million tax charge for valuation allowance against deferred tax assets.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity outlook
We believe we will have adequate liquidity over the next 12 months and in the longer term to operate our business and to meet our cash requirements . We remain committed to increasing total shareholder returns through deploying capital across all three of our capital allocation priorities: (1) to invest in high growth investment opportunities and initiatives to grow our business organically, (2) to return capital to our stockholders in the form of cash dividends, as well as stock repurchases to offset dilution that would otherwise be introduced from stock-based incentive compensation grants, and (3) to pursue acquisitions, both organic and inorganic, that support our current strategies. We continue to concentrate our capital investments in new stores, distribution capacity and technology.
Future determinations regarding the declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on then-existing conditions, including our results of operations, payout ratio, capital requirements, financial condition, prospects, contractual arrangements, any limitations on payment of dividends present in our current and future debt agreements and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.
Cash sources
We have historically relied primarily on cash flows from operations, borrowings under credit facilities, issuances of notes and other forms of debt financing. We regularly explore financing and debt reduction alternatives, including new credit agreements, unsecured and secured note issuances, equity financing, equipment and real estate financing, securitizations and asset sales.
We are party to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement that provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility. The facility is an asset-based facility, in which the borrowing availability is primarily based on the value of our U.S. Levi’s® trademarks and the levels of accounts receivable and inventory in the United States and Canada. The maximum availability under the facility is $850.0 million, of which $800.0 million is available to us for revolving loans in U.S. Dollars and $50.0 million is available to us for revolving loans either in U.S. Dollars or Canadian Dollars.
As of November 28, 2021, we did not have any borrowings under the credit facility, unused availability under the facility was $794.3 million, and our total availability of $806.6 million, based on collateral levels as defined by the agreement, was reduced by $12.3 million of stand-by letters of credit and other credit-related instruments. We also had cash and cash equivalents totaling approximately $810.3 million and short-term investments of $91.5 million resulting in a total liquidity position (unused availability and cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments) of approximately $1.7 billion.
Cash uses
Our principal cash requirements include working capital, capital expenditures, payments of principal and interest on our debt, payments of taxes, contributions to our pension plans and payments for postretirement health benefit plans, payment of taxes resulting from net settlement of shares issued under our 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended to date ("2016 Plan") and our 2019 Equity Incentive Plan as amended to date ("2019 Plan"), and, if market conditions warrant, occasional investments in, or acquisitions of, business ventures in our line of business. In addition, we regularly evaluate our ability to pay dividends or repurchase stock, all consistent with the terms of our debt agreements. Upon completion of our IPO in March 2019, our 2016 Plan was replaced with our 2019 Plan.
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, we completed the acquisition of Beyond Yoga®, funded entirely by cash on hand. We believe that this acquisition will allow us to enter into the activewear category, complementing our growing women’s business and enabling us to allocate global resources and infrastructure to significantly expand Beyond Yoga®, building on its largely digital ecosystem. We also used cash on hand to redeem the remaining $200.0 million of the 5.00% Senior Notes due 2025.
In October 2021, the Board reinstated its share repurchase program, which authorizes the repurchase of up to $200 million of the Company's Class A common stock with the intention to offset dilution from employee incentive grants. During the three months ended November 28, 2021, 3.4 million shares were repurchased for $88.4 million, plus broker's commissions, in the open market.
Subsequent to year end, 1.8 million shares were repurchased for $43.6 million, plus broker's commissions, in the open market. This equates to an average repurchase price of approximately $24.68 per share.
In January 2022, the Board declared a cash dividend of $0.10 per share to holders of record of its Class A and Class B common stock at the close of business on February 9, 2022, for a total quarterly dividend of approximately $40 million. Total dividends are expected to be approximately $160 million for fiscal year 2022 and to be paid out quarterly.
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Cash requirements for fiscal 2022 are expected to consist primarily of capital expenditures for investments in new stores, distribution capacity and technology. Total capital expenditures for fiscal 2022 are expected to be approximately $270 million.
The following table summarizes current and long-term material cash requirements as of November 28, 2021:

| Material Cash Requirements
| Total |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | Thereafter
| (Dollars in millions)
Short-term and long-term debt obligations | $ | 1,038 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,032 |
Interest(1) | 263 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 78 |
Future minimum payments(2) | 1,292 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 233 |  |  | 194 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 326 |
Inventory purchase commitments(3) | 738 |  |  | 738 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Purchase obligations(4) | 378 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 96 |
Postretirement obligations(5) | 51 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 20 |
Pension obligations(6) | 140 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 70 |
Long-term employee related benefits(7) | 121 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 81 |
Total | $ | 4,021 |  |  | $ | 1,171 |  |  | $ | 364 |  |  | $ | 321 |  |  | $ | 255 |  |  | $ | 207 |  |  | $ | 1,703 |

______________
(1)Interest obligations are computed using constant interest rates until maturity.
(2)Amounts reflect contractual obligations relating to our existing leased facilities as of November 28, 2021, and therefore do not reflect our planned future openings of company-operated retail stores. For more information, see "Item 2 – Properties."
(3)Inventory purchase commitments represent agreements to purchase fixed or minimum quantities of goods, including fabric commitments, at determinable prices.
(4)Amounts reflect estimated commitments of $153 million for sponsorship, naming rights and related benefits with respect to the Levi's® Stadium, and $225 million for human resources, advertising, information technology and other professional services.
(5)The amounts presented in the table represent an estimate for the next ten years of our projected payments, based on information provided by our plans' actuaries, and have not been reduced by estimated Medicare subsidy receipts, the amounts of which are not material. Our policy is to fund postretirement benefits as claims and premiums are paid. For more information, see Note 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this report.
(6)The amounts presented in the table represent an estimate of our projected contributions to the plans for the next ten years based on information provided by our plans' actuaries. For U.S. qualified plans, these estimates can exceed the projected annual minimum required contributions in an effort to level out potential future funding requirements and provide annual funding flexibility. The 2022 contribution amounts will be recalculated at the end of the plans' fiscal years, which for our U.S. pension plan is at the beginning of our third fiscal quarter. Accordingly, actual contributions may differ materially from those presented here, based on factors such as changes in discount rates and the valuation of pension assets. For more information, see Note 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this report.
(7)Long-term employee-related benefits primarily relate to the current and non-current portion of deferred compensation arrangements and workers' compensation. We estimated these payments based on prior experience and forecasted activity for these items. For more information, see Note 11 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this report.
The above table does not include amounts related to our uncertain tax positions of $30.7 million. We do not anticipate a material effect on our liquidity as a result of payments in future periods of liabilities for uncertain tax positions. Based on the fair value of the Company's stock and the number of shares outstanding as of November 29, 2020, future payments related to shares surrendered for employee tax withholding on the exercise or vesting of outstanding equity awards could range up to approximately $100 million, which could become payable in 2022.
Information in the above table reflects our estimates of future cash payments. These estimates and projections are based upon assumptions that are inherently subject to significant economic, competitive, legislative and other uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. Accordingly, our actual expenditures and liabilities may be materially higher or lower than the estimates and projections reflected in the above table. The inclusion of these projections and estimates should not be regarded as a representation by us that the estimates will prove to be correct.
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Cash flows
The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, selected items in our consolidated statements of cash flows:

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in millions)
Cash provided by operating activities | $ | 737.3 |  |  | $ | 469.6 |  |  | $ | 412.2 |
Cash used for investing activities | (571.8) |  |  | (188.6) |  |  | (243.3) |
Cash (used for) provided by financing activities | (840.9) |  |  | 286.0 |  |  | 55.0 |
Cash and cash equivalents as of fiscal year end | 810.3 |  |  | 1,497.2 |  |  | 934.2 |

Fiscal Year 2021 as compared to Fiscal Year 2020
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash provided by operating activities was $737.3 million for fiscal year 2021, as compared to $469.6 million for fiscal year 2020. The increase in cash provided by operating activities is primarily driven by higher collections of trade receivables, partially offset by higher spending on inventory and SG&A expenses, reflective of the increase in sales in comparison to the same period in prior year. Our cash flows from operations in the fiscal year 2020 were impacted by the widespread temporary store closures and other business disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cash flows from investing activities
Cash used for investing activities was $571.8 million for fiscal year 2021, as compared to $188.6 million for fiscal year 2020. The increase in cash used for investing activities is due to higher payments incurred for a business acquisition and capital expenditures, along with higher net payments to settle foreign exchange contracts. These were partially offset by higher net proceeds from short-term investments during fiscal year 2021.
Cash flows from financing activities
Cash used for financing activities was $840.9 million for fiscal year 2021, as compared to cash provided of $286.0 million for fiscal year 2020. Cash used in fiscal year 2021 primarily reflects redemption of $1.0 billion senior notes due 2025 partially offset by proceeds from issuance of new senior notes of $500.0 million. Cash provided in fiscal year 2020 primarily reflects proceeds from senior notes of $502.5 million.
Fiscal Year 2020 as compared to Fiscal Year 2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash provided by operating activities was $469.6 million for fiscal year 2020, as compared to $412.2 million for fiscal year 2019. The increase in cash provided by operating activities is primarily due to lower spending on inventory, employee incentives and variable and discretionary expenditures, partially offset by less cash received on customer receivables, due in part to lower sales. Our cash flows from operations were significantly impacted by the widespread temporary store closures and other business disruptions, particularly in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cash flows from investing activities
Cash used for investing activities was $188.6 million for fiscal year 2020, as compared to $243.3 million for fiscal year 2019. The decrease in cash used for investing activities is due to lower net payments to acquire short-term investments, partially offset by payments incurred for business acquisition during fiscal year 2020.
Cash flows from financing activities
Cash provided by financing activities was $286.0 million for fiscal year 2020, as compared to $55.0 million for fiscal year 2019. Cash provided in fiscal year 2020 primarily reflects proceeds from senior notes of $502.5 million, partially offset by payments of $56.2 million for common stock repurchases, $90.6 million for withholding tax on cashless equity award exercises, payment of a $63.6 million cash dividend. Cash provided in fiscal year 2019 primarily reflects proceeds from our IPO of $254.3 million, partially offset by the payments of $113.9 million for cash dividends, $44.0 million for equity award exercises.
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Indebtedness
The borrower of substantially all of our debt is Levi Strauss & Co., the parent and U.S. operating company. Of our total debt of $1.0 billion as of November 28, 2021, 100% was fixed-rate debt, net of capitalized debt issuance costs. As of November 28, 2021, our required aggregate debt principal payments of $1.0 billion begin in 2027. Short-term borrowings of $5.9 million at various foreign subsidiaries were expected to be either paid over the next 12 months or refinanced at the end of their applicable terms.
Our long-term debt agreements contain customary covenants restricting our activities as well as those of our subsidiaries. We were in compliance with all of these covenants as of November 28, 2021.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted Gross Profit, Adjusted Gross Margin, Adjusted SG&A, Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted EBIT Margin, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Net Income Margin, and Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share
We define Adjusted gross profit, as gross profit excluding COVID-19 and acquisition related inventory costs. We define Adjusted gross margin, as Adjusted gross profit as a percentage of net revenues. We define Adjusted SG&A as SG&A excluding changes in fair value on cash-settled stock-based compensation, COVID-19 related charges, acquisition and integration related charges, and restructuring related charges, severance and other, net. We define Adjusted EBIT as net income (loss) excluding income tax expense (benefit), interest expense, other (income) expense, net, underwriter commission paid on behalf of selling stockholders, loss on early extinguishment of debt, impact of changes in fair value on cash-settled stock-based compensation, COVID-19 related inventory costs and other charges, acquisition and integration related charges, and restructuring and related charges, severance and other, net. We define Adjusted EBIT margin as Adjusted EBIT as a percentage of net revenues. We define Adjusted EBITDA as Adjusted EBIT excluding depreciation and amortization expense. We define Adjusted net income as net income (loss) excluding underwriter commission paid on behalf of selling stockholders, loss on early extinguishment of debt, charges related to the impact of changes in fair value on cash-settled stock-based compensation, COVID-19 related inventory costs and other charges, acquisition and integration related charges, and restructuring and restructuring related charges, severance and other, net, pension settlement losses, and re-measurement of our deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the lower rates as a result of the Tax Act, adjusted to give effect to the income tax impact of such adjustments. To calculate the income tax impact of such adjustments on a year-to-date basis, we utilize an effective tax rate equal to our income tax expense excluding material discrete costs and benefits, with any impacts of changes in effective tax rate being recognized in the current period. We define Adjusted net income margin as Adjusted net income as a percentage of net revenues. We define Adjusted diluted earnings per share as Adjusted net income per weighted-average number of diluted common shares outstanding. We believe Adjusted gross profit, Adjusted gross margin, Adjusted SG&A, Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted EBIT margin, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted net income, Adjusted net income margin and Adjusted diluted earnings per share are useful to investors because they help identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by certain expenses that we include in calculating net income (loss) but that can vary from company to company depending on its financing, capital structure and the method by which its assets were acquired, and can also vary significantly from period to period. Our management also uses Adjusted EBIT in conjunction with other GAAP financial measures for planning purposes, including as a measure of our core operating results and the effectiveness of our business strategy, and in evaluating our financial performance.
Adjusted gross profit, Adjusted gross margin, Adjusted SG&A, Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted EBIT margin, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted net income, Adjusted net income margin and Adjusted diluted earnings per share have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for an analysis of our results prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP. Some of these limitations include:
•Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted EBIT margin and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect income tax payments that reduce cash available to us;
•Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted EBIT margin and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our indebtedness, which reduces cash available to us;
•Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted EBIT margin and Adjusted EBITDA exclude other (income) expense net, which includes pension settlement losses as well as realized and unrealized gains and losses on our forward foreign exchange contracts and transaction gains and losses on our foreign exchange balances, although these items affect the amount and timing of cash available to us when these gains and losses are realized;
•Adjusted net income, Adjusted net income margin and Adjusted diluted earnings per share exclude pension settlement losses;
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•all of these non-GAAP financial measures exclude underwriter commission paid on behalf of selling stockholders in connection with our IPO that reduces cash available to us;
•all of these non-GAAP financial measures exclude the expense resulting from the impact of changes in fair value on our cash-settled stock-based compensation awards, even though, prior to March 2019, such awards were required to be settled in cash;
•all of these non-GAAP financial measures exclude COVID-19 related inventory costs and other charges, acquisition and integration charges, and restructuring and related charges, severance and other, net which can affect our current and future cash requirements;
•all of these non-GAAP financial measures exclude certain other SG&A items, which include severance, transaction and deal related costs, including acquisition and integration costs which can affect our current and future cash requirements;
•the expenses and other items that we exclude in our calculations of all of these non-GAAP financial measures may differ from the expenses and other items, if any, that other companies may exclude from all of these non-GAAP financial measures or similarly titled measures;
•Adjusted EBITDA excludes the recurring, non-cash expenses of depreciation of property and equipment and, although these are non-cash expenses, the assets being depreciated may need to be replaced in the future; and
•Adjusted net income, Adjusted net income margin and Adjusted diluted earnings per share do not include all of the effects of income taxes and changes in income taxes reflected in net income (loss).
Because of these limitations, all of these non-GAAP financial measures should be considered along with net income (loss) and other operating and financial performance measures prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP.
Adjusted Gross Profit:
The following table presents a reconciliation of gross profit, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted gross profit for each of the periods presented.

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in millions)
Most comparable GAAP measure: |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit | $ | 3,346.7 |  |  | $ | 2,352.9 |  |  | $ | 3,101.4 |
Non-GAAP measure: |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit | 3,346.7 |  |  | 2,352.9 |  |  | 3,101.4 |
COVID-19 related inventory costs(1) | (15.1) |  |  | 69.3 |  |  | — |
Acquisition related charges (2) | 3.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Adjusted gross profit | $ | 3,335.5 |  |  | $ | 2,422.2 |  |  | $ | 3,101.4 |
Adjusted gross margin | 57.9 | % |  | 54.4 | % |  | 53.8 | %

_____________
(1) For the fiscal year ended November 28, 2021, the reductions in COVID-19 related inventory charges is primarily related to reductions in our estimate of adverse fabric purchase commitments, initially recorded in the second quarter of 2020. For the fiscal year ended November 29, 2020, COVID-19 related inventory costs include $42.3 million of incremental inventory reserves and the recognition of adverse fabric purchase commitments of $26.2 million.
(1) Acquisition related charges include the inventory markup above historical carrying value associated with the Beyond Yoga acquisition.
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Adjusted SG&A:
The following table presents a reconciliation of SG&A, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted SG&A for each of the periods presented.

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in millions)
Most comparable GAAP measure: |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 2,652.2 |  |  | $ | 2,347.6 |  |  | $ | 2,534.7 |
Non-GAAP measure: |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 2,652.2 |  |  | 2,347.6 |  |  | 2,534.7 |
Impact of changes in fair value on cash-settled stock-based compensation(1) | (4.2) |  |  | (7.1) |  |  | (34.1) |
COVID-19 related charges(2) | (5.4) |  |  | (90.3) |  |  | — |
Acquisition and integration related charges | (3.8) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Restructuring related charges, severance and other, net(3) | (16.2) |  |  | (9.1) |  |  | (9.8) |
Adjusted SG&A | $ | 2,622.6 |  |  | $ | 2,241.1 |  |  | $ | 2,490.8 |

_____________
(1)Includes the impact of the changes in fair value of Class B common stock following the grant date on awards that were granted as cash-settled and subsequently replaced with stock-settled awards concurrent with the IPO.
(2)For the year ended November 28, 2021, the COVID-19 related charges primarily include reductions in allowances related to customer receivables partially offset with impairment charges of certain retail store related assets. For the year ended November 29, 2020, COVID-19 related charges primarily consist of $44.3 million in impairment of certain operating lease right-of-use assets and $21.7 million in impairment of property and equipment related to certain retail locations and other corporate assets, $17.7 million of charges related to customer receivables and other incremental costs incurred in connection with COVID-19.
(3)Other charges included in restructuring related charges, severance and other, net include charges related to an international customs audit and transaction and deal related costs.
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Adjusted EBIT and Adjusted EBITDA:
The following table presents a reconciliation of net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBIT and Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods presented.

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in millions)
Most comparable GAAP measure: |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 553.5 |  |  | $ | (127.1) |  |  | $ | 395.0 |
Non-GAAP measure: |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | 553.5 |  |  | (127.1) |  |  | 395.0 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 26.7 |  |  | (62.6) |  |  | 82.6 |
Interest expense | 72.9 |  |  | 82.2 |  |  | 66.2 |
Other (income) expense, net(1) | (3.4) |  |  | 22.4 |  |  | (2.0) |
Underwriter commission paid on behalf of selling stockholders | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24.9 |
Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 36.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Impact of changes in fair value on cash-settled stock-based compensation(2) | 4.2 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 34.1 |
COVID-19 related inventory costs and other charges(3) | (9.7) |  |  | 159.6 |  |  | — |
Acquisition and integration related charges(4) | 7.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Restructuring and restructuring related charges, severance and other, net(5) | 24.5 |  |  | 99.5 |  |  | 9.8 |
Adjusted EBIT | $ | 712.9 |  |  | $ | 181.1 |  |  | $ | 610.6 |
Depreciation and amortization(6) | 142.0 |  |  | 136.6 |  |  | 123.9 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 854.9 |  |  | $ | 317.7 |  |  | $ | 734.5 |
Adjusted EBIT margin | 12.4 | % |  | 4.1 | % |  | 10.6 | %

_____________
(1)Includes $14.7 million in pension settlement losses related to the voluntary lump-sum, cash-out program offered to vested deferred U.S. pension plan participants during the year ended November 29, 2020. See Note 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this report for further information.
(2)Includes the impact of the changes in fair value of Class B common stock following the grant date on awards that were granted as cash-settled and subsequently replaced with stock-settled awards concurrent with the IPO.
(3)For the year ended November 28, 2021, the net reduction in COVID-19 related inventory costs and other charges recognized mainly represents reductions in COVID-19 related inventory charges, as a result of reductions in our estimate of adverse fabric purchase commitments and allowances related to customer receivables partially offset with impairment charges of certain retail store related assets. For the year ended November 29, 2020, COVID-19 related inventory costs and other charges primarily include $42.3 million of incremental inventory reserves, $26.2 million of adverse fabric purchase commitments, $44.3 million and $21.7 million in impairment of operating lease right-of-use assets and property and equipment related to certain retail locations and other corporate assets, respectively, and $17.7 million of charges related to customer receivables. The remainder relates to other incremental costs incurred in response to the global pandemic.
(4)Acquisition and integration related charges includes the inventory markup above historical carrying value as well as SG&A expenses associated with the Beyond Yoga acquisition.
(5)Other charges included in Restructuring and restructuring related charges, severance and other, net include charges related to an international customs audit and transaction and deal related costs.
(6)Depreciation and amortization amount net of amortization included in Restructuring and restructuring related charges, severance and other, net.
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Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share:
The following table presents a reconciliation of net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted net income for each of the periods presented and the calculation of Adjusted diluted earnings per share for each of the periods presented.

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Most comparable GAAP measure: |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 553.5 |  |  | $ | (127.1) |  |  | $ | 395.0 |
Non-GAAP measure: |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | 553.5 |  |  | (127.1) |  |  | 395.0 |
Underwriter commission paid on behalf of selling stockholders | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24.9 |
Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 36.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Impact of changes in fair value on cash-settled stock-based compensation(1) | 4.2 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 34.1 |
COVID-19 related inventory costs and other charges(2) | (9.7) |  |  | 159.6 |  |  | — |
Acquisition and integration related charges(3) | 7.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Restructuring and restructuring related charges, severance and other, net(4) | 24.5 |  |  | 99.5 |  |  | 9.8 |
Pension settlement losses(5) | — |  |  | 14.7 |  |  | — |
Tax impact of adjustments(6) | (15.8) |  |  | (70.2) |  |  | (7.6) |
Adjusted net income | $ | 600.9 |  |  | $ | 83.6 |  |  | $ | 456.2 |
Adjusted net income margin | 10.4 | % |  | 1.9 | % |  | 7.9 | %
Adjusted diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | 1.12 |

_____________
(1)Includes the impact of the changes in fair value of Class B common stock following the grant date on awards that were granted as cash-settled and subsequently replaced with stock-settled awards concurrent with the IPO.
(2)For the year ended November 28, 2021, the net reduction in COVID-19 related inventory costs and other charges recognized mainly represents reductions in COVID-19 related inventory charges, as a result of reductions in our estimate of adverse fabric purchase commitments and allowances related to customer receivables partially offset with impairment charges of certain retail store related assets. For the year ended November 29, 2020, COVID-19 related inventory costs and other charges primarily include $42.3 million of incremental inventory reserves, $26.2 million of adverse fabric purchase commitments, $44.3 million and $21.7 million in impairment of operating lease right-of-use assets and property and equipment related to certain retail locations and other corporate assets, respectively, and $17.7 million of charges related to customer receivables. The remainder relates to other incremental costs incurred in response to the global pandemic.
(3)Acquisition and integration related charges includes the inventory markup above historical carrying value as well as SG&A expenses associated with the Beyond Yoga acquisition.
(4)Other charges included in Restructuring and restructuring related charges, severance and other, net include charges related to an international customs audit and transaction and deal related costs.
(5)Pension settlement losses relate to the voluntary lump-sum, cash-out program offered to vested deferred U.S. pension plan participants. See Note 10 for further information.
(6)Tax impact calculated using the annual effective tax rate, excluding discrete costs and benefits. Please refer to Note 20 for more information on the effective tax rate.
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Net Debt and Leverage Ratio:
We define net debt, as total debt, excluding capital leases, less cash and cash equivalents. We define leverage ratio, as the ratio of total debt to the last 12 months Adjusted EBITDA. Our management believes that net debt and leverage ratio are important measures to monitor our financial flexibility and evaluate the strength of our balance sheet. Net debt and leverage ratio have limitations as analytical tools and may vary from similarly titled measures used by other companies. Net debt and leverage ratio should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for an analysis of our results prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP.
The following table presents a reconciliation of total debt, excluding capital leases, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, to net debt for each of the periods presented.

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
| (Dollars in millions)
Most comparable GAAP measure: |  |  |
Total debt, excluding capital leases | $ | 1,026.6 |  |  | $ | 1,564.3 |
Non-GAAP measure: |  |  |
Total debt, excluding capital leases | $ | 1,026.6 |  |  | $ | 1,564.3 |
Cash and cash equivalents | (810.3) |  |  | (1,497.2) |
Short-term investments in marketable securities | (91.5) |  |  | (96.5) |
Net debt | $ | 124.8 |  |  | $ | (29.4) |

The following table presents a reconciliation of total debt, excluding capital leases, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, to leverage ratio for each of the periods presented.

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
| (Dollars in millions)
Total debt, excluding capital leases | $ | 1,026.6 |  |  | $ | 1,564.3 |
Last Twelve Months Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 854.9 |  |  | $ | 317.7 |
Leverage ratio | 1.2 |  |  | 4.9 |

Adjusted Free Cash Flow:
We define Adjusted free cash flow, as net cash flow from operating activities plus underwriter commission paid on behalf of selling stockholders, less purchases of property, plant and equipment, plus proceeds (less payments) on settlement of forward foreign exchange contracts not designated for hedge accounting, less payment of debt extinguishment costs, less repurchases of common stock, including shares surrendered for tax withholding on equity award exercises, and cash dividends to stockholders. We believe Adjusted free cash flow is an important liquidity measure of the cash that is available after capital expenditures for operational expenses and investment in our business. We believe adjusted free cash flow is useful to investors because it measures our ability to generate or use cash. Once our business needs and obligations are met, cash can be used to maintain a strong balance sheet and invest in future growth.
Our use of adjusted free cash flow has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for an analysis of our results under GAAP. First, Adjusted free cash flow is not a substitute for net cash flow from operating activities. Second, other companies may calculate Adjusted free cash flow or similarly titled non-GAAP financial measures differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of Adjusted free cash flow as a tool for comparison. Additionally, the utility of Adjusted free cash flow is further limited as it does not reflect our future contractual commitments and does not represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for a given period. Because of these and other limitations, Adjusted free cash flow should be considered along with net cash flow from operating activities and other comparable financial measures prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP.
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The following table presents a reconciliation of net cash flow from operating activities, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted free cash flow for each of the periods presented.

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in millions)
Most comparable GAAP measure: |  |  |  |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 737.3 |  |  | $ | 469.6 |  |  | $ | 412.2 |
Net cash used for investing activities | (571.8) |  |  | (188.6) |  |  | (243.3) |
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities | (840.9) |  |  | 286.0 |  |  | 55.0 |
Non-GAAP measure: |  |  |  |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 737.3 |  |  | $ | 469.6 |  |  | $ | 412.2 |
Underwriter commission paid on behalf of selling stockholders | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24.9 |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (166.9) |  |  | (130.4) |  |  | (175.4) |
(Payments) proceeds on settlement of forward foreign exchange contracts not designated for hedge accounting | (17.9) |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | 12.2 |
Payment of debt extinguishment costs | (23.3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Repurchase of common stock | (85.9) |  |  | (56.2) |  |  | (3.1) |
Shares surrendered for tax withholdings on equity award exercises | (109.3) |  |  | (90.6) |  |  | (40.9) |
Dividend to stockholders | (104.4) |  |  | (63.6) |  |  | (113.9) |
Adjusted free cash flow | $ | 229.6 |  |  | $ | 141.3 |  |  | $ | 116.0 |

Constant-Currency:
We report our operating results in accordance with GAAP, as well as on a constant-currency basis in order to facilitate period-to-period comparisons of our results without regard to the impact of fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates. The term foreign currency exchange rates refers to the exchange rates we use to translate our operating results for all countries where the functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar into U.S. Dollars. Because we are a global company, foreign currency exchange rates used for translation may have a significant effect on our reported results. In general, our reported financial results are affected positively by a weaker U.S. Dollar and are affected negatively by a stronger U.S. Dollar as compared to the foreign currencies in which we conduct our business. References to our operating results on a constant-currency basis mean our operating results without the impact of foreign currency translation fluctuations.
We believe disclosure of constant-currency results is helpful to investors because it facilitates period-to-period comparisons of our results by increasing the transparency of our underlying performance by excluding the impact of fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates. However, constant-currency results are non-GAAP financial measures and are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. Constant-currency results have no standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP, are not prepared under any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. Constant-currency results have limitations in their usefulness to investors and may be calculated differently from, and therefore may not be directly comparable to, similarly titled measures used by other companies.
We calculate constant-currency amounts by translating local currency amounts in the prior-year period at actual foreign exchange rates for the current period. Our constant-currency results do not eliminate the transaction currency impact, which primarily include the realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized from the measurement and remeasurement of purchases and sales of products in a currency other than the functional currency and of forward foreign exchange contracts. Additionally, gross margin and Adjusted gross margin are impacted by gains and losses related to the procurement of inventory, primarily products sourced in EUR and USD, by our global sourcing organization on behalf of our foreign subsidiaries.
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Constant-Currency Net Revenues:
The table below sets forth the calculation of net revenues for each of our operating segments on a constant-currency basis for each of the periods presented.

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | % Increase (Over Prior Year) |  | November 29, 2020 |  | % Decrease (Over Prior Year) |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in millions)
Total revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As reported | $ | 5,763.9 |  |  | 29.5 | % |  | $ | 4,452.6 |  |  | (22.7) | % |  | $ | 5,763.1 |
Impact of foreign currency exchange rates | — |  |  | * |  | 82.2 |  |  | * |  | (55.9) |
Constant-currency net revenues | $ | 5,763.9 |  |  | 27.1 | % |  | $ | 4,534.8 |  |  | (22.0) | % |  | $ | 5,707.2 |
Americas |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As reported | $ | 2,934.8 |  |  | 34.1 | % |  | $ | 2,187.9 |  |  | (21.0) | % |  | $ | 2,771.1 |
Impact of foreign currency exchange rates | — |  |  | * |  | 7.7 |  |  | * |  | (38.1) |
Constant-currency net revenues - Americas | $ | 2,934.8 |  |  | 33.7 | % |  | $ | 2,195.6 |  |  | (19.9) | % |  | $ | 2,733.0 |
Europe |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As reported | $ | 1,704.0 |  |  | 22.4 | % |  | $ | 1,391.8 |  |  | (18.5) | % |  | $ | 1,707.5 |
Impact of foreign currency exchange rates | — |  |  | * |  | 52.5 |  |  | * |  | (0.3) |
Constant-currency net revenues - Europe | $ | 1,704.0 |  |  | 18.0 | % |  | $ | 1,444.3 |  |  | (18.5) | % |  | $ | 1,707.2 |
Asia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As reported | $ | 834.6 |  |  | 25.8 | % |  | $ | 663.4 |  |  | (28.4) | % |  | $ | 926.1 |
Impact of foreign currency exchange rates | — |  |  | * |  | 20.1 |  |  | * |  | (11.1) |
Constant-currency net revenues - Asia | $ | 834.6 |  |  | 22.1 | % |  | $ | 683.5 |  |  | (27.5) | % |  | $ | 915.0 |
Other Brands |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As reported | $ | 290.4 |  |  | 38.6 | % |  | $ | 209.6 |  |  | (41.5) | % |  | $ | 358.4 |
Impact of foreign currency exchange rates | — |  |  | * |  | 1.7 |  |  | * |  | (6.5) |
Constant-currency net revenues - Other Brands | $ | 290.4 |  |  | 37.5 | % |  | $ | 211.3 |  |  | (40.4) | % |  | $ | 351.9 |

_____________
* Not meaningful
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Constant-Currency Adjusted EBIT:
The table below sets forth the calculation of Adjusted EBIT on a constant-currency basis for each of the periods presented.

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | % Decrease (Over Prior Year) |  | November 29, 2020 |  | % Increase (Over Prior Year) |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in millions)
Adjusted EBIT(1) | $ | 712.9 |  |  | * |  | $ | 181.1 |  |  | (70.3) | % |  | $ | 610.6 |
Impact of foreign currency exchange rates | — |  |  | * |  | 2.2 |  |  | * |  | (8.1) |
Constant-currency Adjusted EBIT | $ | 712.9 |  |  | * |  | $ | 183.3 |  |  | (69.9) | % |  | $ | 602.5 |
Constant-currency Adjusted EBIT margin(2) | 12.4 | % |  |  |  | 4.0 | % |  |  |  | 10.6 | %

_____________
(1)Adjusted EBIT is reconciled from net income (loss) which is the most comparable GAAP measure. Refer to Adjusted EBIT and Adjusted EBITDA table for more information.
(2)We define constant-currency Adjusted EBIT margin as constant-currency Adjusted EBIT as a percentage of constant-currency net revenues.
* Not meaningful
Constant-Currency Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share:
The table below sets forth the calculation of Adjusted net income and Adjusted diluted earnings per share on a constant-currency basis for each of the periods presented.

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | % Increase (Over Prior Year) |  | November 29, 2020 |  | % Decrease (Over Prior Year) |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Adjusted net income(1) | $ | 600.9 |  |  | * |  | $ | 83.6 |  |  | (81.7) | % |  | $ | 456.2 |
Impact of foreign currency exchange rates | — |  |  | * |  | 2.8 |  |  | * |  | (5.9) |
Constant-currency Adjusted net income | $ | 600.9 |  |  | * |  | $ | 86.4 |  |  | (81.4) | % |  | $ | 450.3 |
Constant-currency Adjusted net income margin(2) | 10.4 | % |  |  |  | 1.9 | % |  |  |  | 7.9 | %
Adjusted diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.47 |  |  | * |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | (81.3) | % |  | $ | 1.12 |
Impact of foreign currency exchange rates | — |  |  | * |  | 0.01 |  |  | * |  | (0.02) |
Constant-currency adjusted diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.47 |  |  | * |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | (80.9) | % |  | $ | 1.10 |

_____________
(1)Adjusted net income is reconciled from net income (loss) which is the most comparable GAAP measure. Refer to Adjusted net income table for more information.
(2)We define constant-currency Adjusted net income margin as constant-currency Adjusted net income as a percentage of constant-currency net revenues.
* Not meaningful
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Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the related notes. Critical accounting estimates refers to those assumptions and approximations that may have a material impact on the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the related notes due to the level of subjectivity involved in developing the estimate.
We believe that the following discussion addresses our critical accounting estimates, which are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require management's most difficult, subjective and complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Changes in such estimates, based on newly available information, or different assumptions or conditions, may affect amounts reported in future periods.
We summarize our critical accounting estimates and assumptions below.
Revenue recognition. Revenue is recorded net of an allowance for estimated returns, discounts and retailer promotions and other similar incentives. We recognize allowances for estimated returns in the period in which the related sale is recorded. We recognize allowances for estimated discounts, retailer promotions and other similar incentives at the later of the period in which the related sale is recorded or the period in which the sales incentive is offered to the customer. We estimate non-volume based allowances based on historical rates as well as customer and product-specific circumstances. The determination of sales allowances is considered a critical accounting estimate. Actual allowances may differ from estimates due to changes in sales volume based on retailer or consumer demand and changes in customer and product-specific circumstances.
Inventory valuation. We value inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The determination of inventory reserves is considered a critical accounting estimate. In determining inventory net realizable value, substantial consideration is given to the expected product selling price. We estimate expected selling prices based on our historical recovery rates for sale of slow-moving and obsolete inventory and other factors, such as market conditions, expected channel of disposition, and current consumer preferences. Estimates may differ from actual results due to changes in resale or market value, avenues of disposition, consumer and retailer preferences and economic conditions.
Business Combination. We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method, the consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of an acquired business starting from the closing date of the acquisition.
All assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date. We allocate the purchase price of an acquired business to the fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with any excess purchase price recorded as goodwill. Contingent consideration, if any, is included within the purchase price and is recognized at its fair value on the acquisition date. The application of the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations and determination of fair value requires management to make judgments and may involve the use of significant estimates, including assumptions related to estimated future revenues, growth rates, cash flows, discount rates and royalty rates, among other items. Management generally evaluates fair value at acquisition using three valuation techniques - the replacement cost, market and income methods - and weights the valuation methods based on what is most appropriate in the circumstances. The process of assigning fair values, particularly to acquired intangible assets, is highly subjective. Management also typically utilizes third party valuation specialists to assist in the determination of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Fair value estimates are based on assumptions believed to be reasonable, but are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. If the actual results differ from the estimates and judgments used, the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements may be exposed to potential impairment of the intangible assets and goodwill as discussed in the "Impairment" section below. The determination of fair value is considered a critical accounting estimate because the valuation techniques mentioned use significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future revenues, a hypothetical royalty rate, the expected economic life of the asset, tax rates and a discount rate that reflects the level of risk associated with the future earnings attributable to the asset.
During the measurement period, which is up to one year from the acquisition date, adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed may be recorded, with the corresponding offset to goodwill.
Impairment. We review goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, or more frequently as warranted by events or changes in circumstances which indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. If, based on the results of the qualitative assessment, it is concluded that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived asset exceeds its carrying value, a quantitative test is performed. Under the quantitative test, we compare the carrying value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset to its fair value, which we estimate using a discounted cash flow analysis or by
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comparison to the market values of similar assets. If the carrying value exceeds its fair value, we record an impairment charge equal to the excess of the carrying value over the related fair value. The assumptions used in such valuations such as projected future cash flows, discount rates, growth rates, and determination of appropriate market comparables and recent transactions, are subject to volatility and may differ from actual results. Under a qualitative assessment, we assess various factors including industry and market conditions, macroeconomic conditions and performance of our businesses.
We review other long-lived assets, including ROU assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group may not be recoverable. In evaluating long-lived assets for recoverability, we estimate the future cash flows at the individual store level that are expected to result from the use of each store's assets. Impairment losses are measured and recorded for the excess of an asset's carrying value over its fair value. To determine the fair value of long-lived assets, included ROU assets, we utilize the valuation technique or techniques deemed most appropriate based on the nature of the asset or asset group, which may include the use of quoted market prices, prices for similar assets or other valuation techniques such as discounted future cash flows or earnings.
The determination of fair value is considered a critical accounting estimate because the valuation techniques mentioned use significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future cash flows, discount rates and growth rates.
Income tax. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide income tax provision. The determination of our income tax provision is considered a critical accounting estimate. In the ordinary course of a global business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain. Some of these uncertainties arise from examinations in various jurisdictions and assumptions and estimates used in evaluating the need for a valuation allowance.
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. We compute our provision for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. Significant judgments are required in order to determine the realizability of these deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we evaluate all significant available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the existence of prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. Changes in the expectations regarding the realization of deferred tax assets could materially impact income tax expense in future periods.
We continuously review issues raised in connection with all ongoing examinations and open tax years to evaluate the adequacy of our tax liabilities. We evaluate uncertain tax positions under a two-step approach. The first step is to evaluate the uncertain tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination based on its technical merits. The second step is, for those positions that meet the recognition criteria, to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than fifty percent likely of being realized. We believe our recorded tax liabilities are adequate to cover all open tax years based on our assessment. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and involves significant judgments about future events. To the extent that our view as to the outcome of these matters changes, we will adjust income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made. We classify interest and penalties related to income taxes as income tax expense.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
See Note 1 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this report for recently issued accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and expected impact to our consolidated financial statements upon adoption.
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Item 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Investment and Credit Availability Risk
We manage cash and cash equivalents in various institutions at levels beyond FDIC coverage limits, and we purchase investments not guaranteed by the FDIC. Accordingly, there may be a risk that we will not recover the full principal of our investments or that their liquidity may be diminished. To mitigate this risk, our investment policy emphasizes preservation of principal and liquidity.
Multiple financial institutions are committed to provide loans and other credit instruments under our credit facility. There may be a risk that some of these institutions cannot deliver against these obligations in a timely manner, or at all.
Foreign Exchange Risk
The global scope of our business operations exposes us to the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency markets. This exposure is the result of certain product sourcing activities, some intercompany sales, foreign subsidiaries' royalty payments, interest payments, earnings repatriations, net investment in foreign operations and funding activities. Our foreign currency management objective is to minimize the effect of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on our nonfunctional currency cash flows and selected assets or liabilities without exposing ourselves to additional risk associated with transactions that could be regarded as speculative.
We use a centralized currency management operation to take advantage of potential opportunities to naturally offset exposures against each other. For any residual exposures under management, we may enter into various financial instruments, including forward exchange contracts, to hedge certain forecasted transactions, as well as certain firm commitments, including third-party and intercompany transactions. We have also designated a portion of our Euro-denominated debt as a net investment hedge of our investment in certain European subsidiaries.
Our foreign exchange risk management activities are governed by a foreign exchange risk management policy approved by our Treasury committee. Members of our Treasury committee, comprising of a group of our senior financial executives, review our foreign exchange /activities in support of monitoring our compliance with policy. The operating policies and guidelines outlined in the foreign exchange risk management policy provide a framework that allows for a managed approach to the management of currency exposures while ensuring the activities are conducted within established parameters. Our policy includes guidelines for the organizational structure of our treasury risk management function and for internal controls over foreign exchange risk management activities, including various measurements for monitoring compliance. We monitor foreign exchange risk and related derivatives using different techniques, including a review of market value, sensitivity analysis and a value-at-risk model. We use the market approach to estimate the fair value of our foreign exchange derivative contracts.
We use derivative instruments to manage certain but not all exposures to foreign currencies. Our approach to managing foreign currency exposures is consistent with that applied in previous years. As of November 28, 2021, we had forward foreign exchange contracts, of which $952.4 million were contracts to buy and $394.1 million were contracts to sell various foreign currencies. These contracts are at various exchange rates and expire at various dates through February 2023.
As of November 29, 2020, we had forward foreign exchange contracts to buy $868.6 million and to sell $335.5 million against various foreign currencies. These contracts were at various exchange rates and expire at various dates through February 2022.
Derivative Financial Instruments
We are exposed to market risk primarily related to foreign currencies. We manage foreign currency risks with the objective to minimize the effect of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on our nonfunctional currency cash flows and selected assets or liabilities without exposing ourselves to additional risk associated with transactions that could be regarded as speculative.
We are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to the over-the-counter forward foreign exchange contracts. However, we believe that our exposures are appropriately diversified across counterparties and that these counterparties are creditworthy financial institutions. We monitor the creditworthiness of our counterparties in accordance with our foreign exchange and investment policies. In addition, we have International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. ("ISDA") master agreements in place with our counterparties to mitigate the credit risk related to the outstanding derivatives. These agreements provide the legal basis for over-the-counter transactions in many of the world's commodity and financial markets.
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The following table presents the currency, average forward exchange rate, notional amount and fair values for our outstanding forward contracts as of November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020. The average forward exchange rate is the weighted average of the forward rates of the contracts for the indicated currency. The notional amount represents the U.S. Dollar equivalent amount of the foreign currency at the inception of the contracts, and is the net sum of all buy and sell transactions for the indicated currency. A net positive notional amount represents a position to buy the U.S. Dollar versus the exposure currency, while a net negative notional amount represents a position to sell the U.S. Dollar versus the exposure currency. All transactions will mature before the end of February 2023.

| As of November 28, 2021 |  | As of November 29, 2020
| Average Forward Exchange Rate |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Average Forward Exchange Rate |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
| (Dollars in thousands)
Currency |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Australian Dollar | 0.73 |  |  | $ | 20,741 |  |  | $ | 278 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 12,384 |  |  | $ | (717) |
Brazilian Real | 5.85 |  |  | 5,934 |  |  | (97) |  |  | 5.27 |  |  | 6,542 |  |  | 111 |
Canadian Dollar | 1.26 |  |  | 85,452 |  |  | (470) |  |  | 1.32 |  |  | 85,726 |  |  | (1,195) |
Swiss Franc | 0.92 |  |  | (15,225) |  |  | (282) |  |  | 0.91 |  |  | (9,578) |  |  | 28 |
Chilean Peso | 847.47 |  |  | 12,370 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 758.50 |  |  | 30,715 |  |  | 551 |
Czech Koruna | 22.03 |  |  | (1,207) |  |  | (41) |  |  | 22.37 |  |  | 602 |  |  | (12) |
Danish Krone | 6.44 |  |  | (2,775) |  |  | (73) |  |  | 6.28 |  |  | (923) |  |  | 6 |
Euro | 1.17 |  |  | 169,954 |  |  | 10,377 |  |  | 1.13 |  |  | 29,657 |  |  | (2,503) |
British Pound Sterling | 1.31 |  |  | 113,973 |  |  | (2,385) |  |  | 1.34 |  |  | 134,641 |  |  | 876 |
Hong Kong Dollar | 7.79 |  |  | 5,909 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 7.75 |  |  | 1,935 |  |  | (1) |
Hungarian Forint | 316.90 |  |  | (4,441) |  |  | (141) |  |  | 302.45 |  |  | (3,369) |  |  | (7) |
Japanese Yen | 108.21 |  |  | 73,101 |  |  | 3,491 |  |  | 104.31 |  |  | 92,315 |  |  | (229) |
South Korean Won | 1,169.36 |  |  | 33,240 |  |  | 646 |  |  | 1,137.31 |  |  | 25,806 |  |  | (598) |
Mexican Peso | 21.32 |  |  | 46,853 |  |  | 2,145 |  |  | 20.34 |  |  | 118,689 |  |  | (1,670) |
Norwegian Krone | 8.59 |  |  | (731) |  |  | (31) |  |  | 9 |  |  | (4,416) |  |  | 55 |
New Zealand Dollar | 0.70 |  |  | (5,436) |  |  | (142) |  |  | 0.68 |  |  | (4,587) |  |  | 98 |
Polish Zloty | 4.08 |  |  | (5,722) |  |  | (134) |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | (7,237) |  |  | 112 |
Swedish Krona | 8.69 |  |  | 26,321 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 8.77 |  |  | 24,230 |  |  | (736) |
Total |  |  | $ | 558,311 |  |  | $ | 14,257 |  |  |  |  | $ | 533,132 |  |  | $ | (5,831) |

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Interest rate risk
The following table provides information about our financial instruments that may be sensitive to changes in interest rates. The table presents principal (face amount) outstanding balances of our debt instruments and the related weighted-average interest rates for the years indicated based on expected maturity dates. All amounts are stated in U.S. Dollar equivalents.

| As of November 28, 2021 |  | As of November 29, 2020 Total
| Expected Maturity Date |  |  |
| 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | Thereafter |  | Total |
| (Dollars in thousands)
Debt Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed Rate (US$) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 500,000 |  |  | $ | 500,000 |  |  | $ | 1,000,000 |
Average Interest Rate | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.50 | % |  | 3.50 | % |  | 5.00 | %
Fixed Rate (Euro 475 million) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 532,285 |  |  | 532,285 |  |  | 565,820 |
Average Interest Rate | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.375 | % |  | 3.375 | % |  | 3.375 | %
Variable Rate (US$) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Average Interest Rate | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Principal (face amount) of our debt instruments(1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,032,285 |  |  | $ | 1,032,285 |  |  | $ | 1,565,820 |

______________
(1)Excluded from this table are other short-term borrowings of $5.9 million as of November 28, 2021, consisting of term loans and revolving credit facilities at various foreign subsidiaries which we expect to either pay over the next twelve months or refinance at the end of their applicable terms. All of the $5.9 million was fixed-rate debt.
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Item 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Levi Strauss & Co.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Levi Strauss & Co. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income (loss), of stockholders’ equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended November 28, 2021, including the related notes and schedule of valuation and qualifying accounts for each of the three years in the period ended November 28, 2021 appearing under Item 15 (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of November 28, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended November 28, 2021 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of November 28, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Changes in Accounting Principles
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases and certain stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of November 25, 2019.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures
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that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Realizability of Deferred Tax Assets - Foreign Tax Credit Carryforwards
As described in Notes 1 and 20 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has deferred tax assets from foreign tax credit carryforwards of $147.8 million as of November 28, 2021. Significant judgments are required in order to determine the realizability of these deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company's management evaluates all significant available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the existence of prudent and feasible tax planning strategies.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the realizability of deferred tax assets from foreign tax credit carryforwards is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, including a high degree of estimation uncertainty relative to the estimates of future taxable income and the feasibility of tax planning strategies, (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to the estimates of future taxable income and the feasibility of tax planning strategies related to the realizability of deferred tax assets, and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the realizability of foreign tax credit carryforwards. These procedures also included, among others, testing management’s process for assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets from foreign tax credit carryforwards. This included (i) evaluating the appropriateness of the calculation used, (ii) testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the calculation, and (iii) evaluating the reasonableness of significant assumptions used in the calculation related to the estimates of future taxable income and the feasibility of tax planning strategies. Evaluating management's assumptions related to the estimates of future taxable income involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of affiliates, (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data, and (iii) whether these assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Evaluating the feasibility of tax planning strategies involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering the relevant jurisdictional tax laws. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating the reasonableness of the Company’s assumptions and the appropriateness of the calculation used for assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets from foreign tax credit carryforwards, including the mechanics and application of tax law to the projected foreign tax credit calculation, which incorporated the impact of tax planning strategies.
Acquisition of Beyond Yoga - Valuation of Trademark Intangible Asset
As described in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Beyond Yoga. Management assigned a fair value to the intangible assets acquired. The Beyond Yoga trademark has been valued at $216.0 million using the relief-from-royalty method. The relief-from-royalty method requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future revenues, a hypothetical royalty rate, the expected economic life of the asset, tax rates, and a discount rate that reflects the level of risk associated with the future earnings attributable to the asset.
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The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the valuation of the trademark intangible asset from the Beyond Yoga acquisition is a critical audit matter are (i) the significant judgment by management when determining the fair value of the trademark intangible asset, (ii) a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to future revenues, royalty rate, and discount rate, and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the acquisition accounting, including controls over management’s valuation of the trademark intangible asset. These procedures also included, among others (i) reading the purchase agreement, (ii) testing management’s process for determining the fair value of the trademark intangible asset, (iii) evaluating the appropriateness of the relief-from-royalty method, (iv) testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the method, and (v) evaluating the reasonableness of significant assumptions used by management related to future revenues, royalty rate, and discount rate. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to future revenues involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) the current and past performance of Beyond Yoga, (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data, and (iii) whether the assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating (i) the appropriateness of the relief-from-royalty method and (ii) the reasonableness of the royalty rate and discount rate significant assumptions.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Francisco, California
January 26, 2022
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2007.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
| (Dollars in thousands)
ASSETS
Current Assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 810,266 |  |  | $ | 1,497,155 |
Short-term investments in marketable securities | 91,550 |  |  | 96,531 |
Trade receivables, net | 707,625 |  |  | 540,227 |
Inventories | 897,950 |  |  | 817,692 |
Other current assets | 202,510 |  |  | 174,636 |
Total current assets | 2,709,901 |  |  | 3,126,241 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 502,562 |  |  | 454,532 |
Goodwill | 386,880 |  |  | 264,768 |
Other intangible assets, net | 291,332 |  |  | 47,426 |
Deferred tax assets, net | 573,114 |  |  | 497,556 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | 1,103,705 |  |  | 988,801 |
Other non-current assets | 332,575 |  |  | 261,917 |
Total assets | $ | 5,900,069 |  |  | $ | 5,641,241 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities: |  |  |
Short-term debt | $ | 5,862 |  |  | $ | 17,631 |
Accounts payable | 524,838 |  |  | 375,450 |
Accrued salaries, wages and employee benefits | 274,700 |  |  | 179,081 |
Restructuring liabilities | 19,106 |  |  | 54,723 |
Accrued income taxes | 14,477 |  |  | 21,986 |
Accrued sales returns and allowances | 209,364 |  |  | 185,868 |
Short-term operating lease liabilities | 245,369 |  |  | 237,142 |
Other accrued liabilities | 575,902 |  |  | 477,001 |
Total current liabilities | 1,869,618 |  |  | 1,548,882 |
Long-term debt | 1,020,700 |  |  | 1,546,700 |
Postretirement medical benefits | 51,439 |  |  | 60,249 |
Pension liabilities | 155,218 |  |  | 168,721 |
Long-term employee related benefits | 108,544 |  |  | 94,654 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities | 969,482 |  |  | 858,293 |
Other long-term liabilities | 59,407 |  |  | 64,267 |
Total liabilities | 4,234,408 |  |  | 4,341,766 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
Stockholders’ Equity: |  |  |
Levi Strauss & Co. stockholders’ equity |  |  |
Common stock — $0.001 par value; 1,200,000,000 Class A shares authorized; 97,567,627 shares and 74,352,481 shares issued and outstanding as of November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, respectively; and 422,000,000 Class B shares authorized, 302,209,813 shares and 323,547,674 shares issued and outstanding, as of November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, respectively | 400 |  |  | 398 |
Additional paid-in capital | 584,774 |  |  | 626,243 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (394,387) |  |  | (441,446) |
Retained earnings | 1,474,874 |  |  | 1,114,280 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 1,665,661 |  |  | 1,299,475 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 5,900,069 |  |  | $ | 5,641,241 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net revenues | $ | 5,763,936 |  |  | $ | 4,452,609 |  |  | $ | 5,763,087 |
Cost of goods sold | 2,417,225 |  |  | 2,099,685 |  |  | 2,661,714 |
Gross profit | 3,346,711 |  |  | 2,352,924 |  |  | 3,101,373 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 2,652,213 |  |  | 2,347,628 |  |  | 2,534,698 |
Restructuring charges, net | 8,287 |  |  | 90,415 |  |  | — |
Operating income (loss) | 686,211 |  |  | (85,119) |  |  | 566,675 |
Interest expense | (72,902) |  |  | (82,190) |  |  | (66,248) |
Underwriter commission paid on behalf of selling stockholders | — |  |  | — |  |  | (24,860) |
Loss on early extinguishment of debt | (36,521) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other income (expense), net | 3,452 |  |  | (22,474) |  |  | 2,017 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | 580,240 |  |  | (189,783) |  |  | 477,584 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 26,699 |  |  | (62,642) |  |  | 82,604 |
Net income (loss) | 553,541 |  |  | (127,141) |  |  | 394,980 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | (368) |
Net income (loss) attributable to Levi Strauss & Co. | $ | 553,541 |  |  | $ | (127,141) |  |  | $ | 394,612 |
Earnings (loss) per common share attributable to common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.38 |  |  | $ | (0.32) |  |  | $ | 1.01 |
Diluted | $ | 1.35 |  |  | $ | (0.32) |  |  | $ | 0.97 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 401,634,760 |  |  | 397,315,117 |  |  | 389,082,277 |
Diluted | 409,778,169 |  |  | 397,315,117 |  |  | 408,365,902 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in thousands)
Net income (loss) | $ | 553,541 |  |  | $ | (127,141) |  |  | $ | 394,980 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), before related income taxes: |  |  |  |  |
Pension and postretirement benefits | 35,059 |  |  | 60,915 |  |  | 10,248 |
Derivative instruments | 69,735 |  |  | (55,242) |  |  | 19,026 |
Foreign currency translation (losses) gains | (51,016) |  |  | 10,493 |  |  | (7,250) |
Unrealized gains on marketable securities | 5,662 |  |  | 9,758 |  |  | 4,362 |
Total other comprehensive income, before related income taxes | 59,440 |  |  | 25,924 |  |  | 26,386 |
Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive income (loss) | (12,381) |  |  | (7,940) |  |  | (6,476) |
Comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes | 600,600 |  |  | (109,157) |  |  | 414,890 |
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | (680) |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Levi Strauss & Co. | $ | 600,600 |  |  | $ | (109,157) |  |  | $ | 414,210 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

| Levi Strauss & Co. Stockholders |  |  |  |
| Class A & Class B Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Noncontrolling Interest |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
| (Dollars in thousands)
Balance at November 25, 2018 | $ | 376 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,084,321 |  |  | $ | (424,584) |  |  | $ | 7,346 |  |  | $ | 667,459 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 394,612 |  |  | — |  |  | 368 |  |  | 394,980 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,598 |  |  | 312 |  |  | 19,910 |
Stock-based compensation and dividends, net | 4 |  |  | 55,278 |  |  | (93) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55,189 |
Employee stock purchase plan | — |  |  | 2,062 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,062 |
Reclassification to temporary equity | — |  |  | (506) |  |  | (23,339) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (23,845) |
Repurchase of common stock | — |  |  | (165) |  |  | (2,923) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,088) |
Tax withholdings on equity awards | — |  |  | (40,894) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (40,894) |
Reclassification from temporary equity in connection with initial public offering | — |  |  | 351,185 |  |  | (28,200) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 322,985 |
Issuance of Class A common stock in connection with initial public offering | 14 |  |  | 234,569 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 234,583 |
Cancel liability-settled awards and replace with equity-settled awards in connection with initial public offering | — |  |  | 56,130 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,130 |
Cash dividends paid ($0.30 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (113,914) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (113,914) |
Balance at November 24, 2019 | 394 |  |  | 657,659 |  |  | 1,310,464 |  |  | (404,986) |  |  | 8,026 |  |  | 1,571,557 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | (127,141) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (127,141) |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,984 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,984 |
Stock-based compensation and dividends, net | 7 |  |  | 51,162 |  |  | (222) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50,947 |
Employee stock purchase plan | — |  |  | 8,050 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,050 |
Repurchase of common stock | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (56,240) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (56,243) |
Tax withholdings on equity awards | — |  |  | (90,628) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (90,628) |
Changes in ownership of noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,809) |  |  | — |  |  | (8,026) |  |  | (16,835) |
Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting standards | — |  |  | — |  |  | 59,867 |  |  | (54,444) |  |  | — |  |  | 5,423 |
Cash dividends paid ($0.16 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (63,639) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (63,639) |
Balance at November 29, 2020 | 398 |  |  | 626,243 |  |  | 1,114,280 |  |  | (441,446) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,299,475 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 553,541 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 553,541 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,059 |  |  | — |  |  | 47,059 |
Stock-based compensation and dividends, net | 5 |  |  | 60,131 |  |  | (67) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60,069 |
Employee stock purchase plan | — |  |  | 7,674 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,674 |
Repurchase of common stock | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (88,449) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (88,452) |
Tax withholdings on equity awards | — |  |  | (109,274) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (109,274) |
Cash dividends paid ($0.26 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (104,431) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (104,431) |
Balance at November 28, 2021 | $ | 400 |  |  | $ | 584,774 |  |  | $ | 1,474,874 |  |  | $ | (394,387) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,665,661 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in thousands)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 553,541 |  |  | $ | (127,141) |  |  | $ | 394,980 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant, equipment, and right-of-use asset impairments | 21,871 |  |  | 66,987 |  |  | 2,388 |
Depreciation and amortization | 143,167 |  |  | 141,795 |  |  | 123,942 |
Stock-based compensation | 60,069 |  |  | 50,947 |  |  | 55,188 |
Benefit from provision for deferred income taxes | (87,945) |  |  | (95,244) |  |  | (14,963) |
Loss on early extinguishment of debt | 36,375 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other, net | 33,958 |  |  | 49,592 |  |  | 14,449 |
Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Trade receivables | (181,547) |  |  | 234,217 |  |  | (82,344) |
Inventories | (84,670) |  |  | 93,096 |  |  | (22,434) |
Accounts payable | 150,507 |  |  | 12,507 |  |  | 8,887 |
Accrued salaries, wages and employee benefits and long-term employee related benefits | 101,647 |  |  | (71,137) |  |  | (55,363) |
Right-of use operating lease assets and current and non-current operating lease liabilities, net | (5,870) |  |  | 25,999 |  |  | — |
Other current and non-current assets | (28,318) |  |  | (82,271) |  |  | (43,764) |
Other current and long-term liabilities | 24,479 |  |  | 170,239 |  |  | 31,222 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 737,264 |  |  | 469,586 |  |  | 412,188 |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (166,944) |  |  | (130,383) |  |  | (175,356) |
Payments for business acquisition | (390,915) |  |  | (54,570) |  |  | — |
(Payments) proceeds on settlement of forward foreign exchange contracts not designated for hedge accounting | (17,899) |  |  | 12,531 |  |  | 12,166 |
Payments to acquire short-term investments | (122,981) |  |  | (109,663) |  |  | (114,247) |
Proceeds from sale, maturity and collection of short-term investments | 126,929 |  |  | 93,526 |  |  | 34,094 |
Net cash used for investing activities | (571,810) |  |  | (188,559) |  |  | (243,343) |
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs | 489,281 |  |  | 496,041 |  |  | — |
Repayments of long-term debt including extinguishment costs | (1,023,334) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Proceeds from senior revolving credit facility | — |  |  | 300,000 |  |  | — |
Repayments of senior revolving credit facility | — |  |  | (300,000) |  |  | — |
Short-term credit facilities and borrowings, net | (12,180) |  |  | 10,045 |  |  | (23,268) |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and employee stock purchase | 7,674 |  |  | 8,050 |  |  | 256,391 |
Payments for underwriter commission and other offering costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,746) |
Repurchase of common stock | (85,864) |  |  | (56,243) |  |  | (3,088) |
Shares surrendered for tax withholdings on equity awards | (109,274) |  |  | (90,628) |  |  | (40,894) |
Dividend to stockholders | (104,431) |  |  | (63,639) |  |  | (113,914) |
Other financing, net | (2,760) |  |  | (17,631) |  |  | (463) |
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities | (840,888) |  |  | 285,995 |  |  | 55,018 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | (11,634) |  |  | (4,127) |  |  | (2,808) |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | (687,068) |  |  | 562,895 |  |  | 221,055 |
Beginning cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 1,497,648 |  |  | 934,753 |  |  | 713,698 |
Ending cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 810,580 |  |  | 1,497,648 |  |  | 934,753 |
Less: Ending restricted cash | (314) |  |  | (493) |  |  | (516) |
Ending cash and cash equivalents | $ | 810,266 |  |  | $ | 1,497,155 |  |  | $ | 934,237 |
Noncash Investing Activity: |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment acquired and not yet paid at end of period | $ | 72,326 |  |  | $ | 35,994 |  |  | $ | 30,512 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest during the period | $ | 54,350 |  |  | $ | 73,667 |  |  | $ | 54,000 |
Cash paid for income taxes during the period, net of refunds | 109,568 |  |  | 50,068 |  |  | 96,540 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
NOTE 1: SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations
Levi Strauss & Co. (the "Company") is one of the world’s largest brand-name apparel companies. The Company designs, markets and sells – directly or through third parties and licensees – products that include jeans, casual and dress pants, activewear, tops, shorts, skirts, jackets, footwear and related accessories, for men, women and children around the world under the Levi’s®, Signature by Levi Strauss & Co.™, Denizen®, Dockers® and Beyond Yoga® brands.
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, the Company acquired Beyond Yoga®, which has been consolidated since the date of acquisition. Beyond Yoga® generates revenue from the sale of activewear in the United States. Please refer to Note 4 for more information.
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned and majority-owned foreign and domestic subsidiaries are prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
The Company’s fiscal year ends on the last Sunday of November in each year, although the fiscal years of certain foreign subsidiaries end on November 30. Fiscal year 2021 was a 53-week year, ending on November 28, 2021, and fiscal years 2020 and 2019 were 52-week years, ending on November 29, 2020 and November 24, 2019, respectively. Each quarter of fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019 consisted of 13 weeks, with the exception of the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, which consisted of 14 weeks. All references to years relate to fiscal years rather than calendar years.
Segments
In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company changed its segment reporting as a result of operational changes in support of the ongoing efforts to globally integrate its Levi's Brands business, which includes Levi's, Signature by Levi Strauss & Co.™ and Denizen® brands, and is defined geographically in three reportable segments: Americas, Europe and Asia. The Dockers® business, which is managed separately, is no longer reported in the geographical regions of Americas, Europe and Asia. The newly acquired Beyond Yoga® business, along with the Dockers® business, do not meet the quantitative thresholds for reportable segments and therefore are presented under the caption of Other Brands. While this reporting change did not impact consolidated results, the segment data for previously reported periods has been recast to be consistent for all periods presented throughout the financial statements and accompanying footnotes. For additional information, including the financial results of our reportable segments, see Note 23.
COVID-19 Update
In fiscal year 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic materially impacted the Company's business and results of operations. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic and government authorities around the world imposed lockdowns and restrictions. Total charges of $250.0 million were recognized during fiscal year 2020, consisting of $90.4 million of restructuring charges, COVID-19 related inventory costs of $68.5 million, and charges for customer receivables, asset impairments and other related charges of $91.1 million. For more information on asset impairments, restructuring charges, inventory and other related charges, refer to Notes 3, 13, 14 and 15, respectively. For more information on charges for customer receivables and COVID-19 related inventory costs, see "Accounts Receivable, Net" and "Inventory Valuation" sections below.
During fiscal year 2021, company-operated stores and third-party retail locations have been, and continue to be, impacted by temporary closures, reduced hours and reduced occupancy levels as the result of the pandemic. The Company continues to experience differing levels of disruption and volatility, market by market. As of year end, approximately 99% of company-operated stores were open globally.
Initial Public Offering
In March 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering, in which it issued and sold 14,960,557 shares of Class A common stock at a public offering price of $17.00 per share (the "IPO"). The Company received net proceeds of
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
$234.6 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $13.6 million and other direct and incremental offering expenses of $6.1 million. The Company agreed to pay all underwriting discounts and commissions applicable to the sales of shares of Class A common stock by the selling stockholders. This amount, $24.9 million, was paid at completion of the IPO in March 2019 and was recorded as non-operating expense in the second quarter of 2019. Additionally, the Company incurred $3.5 million of other costs associated with the IPO that were recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses.
In connection with the IPO, on March 19, 2019 the Company's Board of Directors approved the cancellation of the majority of the outstanding unvested cash-settled restricted stock units ("RSUs") and their concurrent replacement with similar equity-settled RSUs ("Replacement Awards"), pursuant to the Company's 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2016 Plan"). RSUs for certain foreign affiliates continue to be cash-settled. Other than the form of settlement, all other terms of the awards (including their vesting schedules) are the same. Prior to this modification, the cash-settled awards were classified as liabilities and stock-based compensation expense was measured using the fair value at the end of each reporting period. After the modification, the stock-based compensation expense for these awards was measured using the modification date fair value. As a result of the modification, accrued stock-based compensation expense of $45.8 million and $10.3 million were reclassified on the Company's consolidated balance sheets from accrued salaries, wages and employee benefits and other long-term liabilities, respectively, to additional paid in capital. Refer to Note 12 for more information.
Prior to the IPO, the holders of shares issued under the 2016 Plan could require the Company to repurchase such shares at the then-current market value pursuant to a contractual put right. Equity-classified stock-based awards that may be settled in cash at the option of the holder were presented on the Company's consolidated balance sheets outside of permanent equity. Accordingly, temporary equity on the Company's consolidated balance sheets included the redemption value of these awards generally related to the elapsed service period since the grant date reflecting patterns of compensation cost recognition, as well as the fair value of the Company's common stock issued pursuant to the 2016 Plan. Upon the completion of the IPO, this contractual put right was terminated and these awards are no longer presented as temporary equity. As a result, the balance in temporary equity as of immediately prior to the IPO of $351.2 million was reclassified to additional paid in capital. Refer to Note 12 for more information.
On February 12, 2019, the Company’s stockholders also approved the adoption of an amended and restated certificate of incorporation (the "IPO Certificate") and amended and restated bylaws, which took effect upon the closing of the IPO. The IPO Certificate provides for two classes of common stock: Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and Class B common stock, par value $0.001 per share. All common stock outstanding at the time of the closing of the IPO converted automatically into Class B common stock, each having ten votes per share. Shares of Class A common stock, each having one vote per share, were sold in the IPO. Shares of Class B common stock sold by selling stockholders in the IPO automatically converted into shares of Class A common stock in connection with such sale. Holders of Class B common stock can voluntarily convert their shares into Class A common stock if and when they wish to do so in order to sell their shares to the public.
On February 12, 2019, the Company’s stockholders approved the Company's 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2019 Plan") and the Company's 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "2019 ESPP"), each of which became effective on March 20, 2019, the effective date of the IPO registration statement. The maximum number of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock that may be issued under the 2019 Plan is 40,000,000. The 2019 ESPP authorizes the issuance of 12,000,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock and is subject to automatic annual increases.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements. Estimates are based upon historical factors, current circumstances and the experience and judgment of the Company’s management. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been considered within these estimates. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis and may employ outside experts to assist in its evaluations. Changes in such estimates, based on more accurate future information, or different assumptions or conditions, may affect amounts reported in future periods. In particular, significant uncertainty remains about the duration and extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its resulting impact on global economic conditions. If economic conditions caused by the pandemic do not recover as currently estimated by management, the Company’s financial condition, cash flows and results of operations may be further materially impacted. As a result of uncertainty and frequently changing information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on global economic conditions, estimates may change frequently and in the near term.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at fair value.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value, which are included in "Other current assets", "Other non-current assets", "Other accrued liabilities" or "Other long-term liabilities" on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The portion of the fair value that represents cash flow occurring within one year are classified as current and the portion related to cash flows occurring beyond one year are classified as non-current. The cash flows from the designated derivative instruments used as hedges are classified in the Company's consolidated statements of cash flows in the same section as the cash flows of the hedged item.
Designated Cash Flow Hedges
The Company actively manages the risk of changes in functional currency equivalent cash flows resulting from anticipated non-functional currency denominated purchases and sales. The Company’s global sourcing organization uses the U.S. dollar as its functional currency and is primarily exposed to changes in functional currency equivalent cash flows from anticipated inventory purchases, as it procures inventory on behalf of subsidiaries with the Euro, Australian Dollar and Japanese Yen functional currencies. The Company's Mexico subsidiary uses the Mexican Peso as its functional currency and is exposed as it procures inventory in the U.S. Dollar. Additionally, a European subsidiary uses Euros as its functional currency and is exposed to anticipated non-functional currency denominated sales. The Company manages these risks by using currency forward contracts formally designated and effective as cash flow hedges. Hedge effectiveness is generally determined by evaluating the ability of a hedging instrument's cumulative change in fair value to offset the cumulative change in the present value of expected cash flows on the underlying exposures. For forward contracts, forward points are excluded from the determination of hedge effectiveness and are included in cost of goods sold for hedges of anticipated inventory purchases and in net revenues for hedges of anticipated sales on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract. In each accounting period, differences between the change in fair value of the forward points and the amount recognized on a straight-line basis is recognized in "Other comprehensive income".
Net Investment Hedges
The Company designates certain non-derivative instruments as net investment hedges to hedge the Company's net investment position in certain of its foreign subsidiaries. For these instruments, the Company documents the hedge designation by identifying the hedging instrument, the nature of the risk being hedged and the approach for measuring hedge effectiveness.
Non-designated Cash Flow Hedges
The Company enters into derivative instruments not designated as hedges. These derivative instruments are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to certain product sourcing activities, some intercompany sales, foreign subsidiaries' royalty payments, interest payments, earnings repatriations, net investment in foreign operations and funding activities but the Company has not elected to apply hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in "Other income (expense), net" in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Accounts Receivable, Net
The Company extends credit to its customers that satisfy pre-defined credit criteria. Accounts receivable are recorded net of an allowance for credit losses. The Company estimates the allowance for credit losses based on an analysis of the aging of accounts receivable, assessment of collectability, including any known or anticipated bankruptcies, customer-specific circumstances and an evaluation of current economic conditions. Actual write-off of receivables may differ from estimates due to changes in customer and economic circumstances. During fiscal 2021, a net reduction of $12.5 million in allowances related to customer receivables was recorded as a result of a change in customers' financial condition, actual and anticipated bankruptcies and other associated claims. During fiscal year 2020, $17.7 million in charges were recognized upon the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The allowance for credit losses was $11.6 million and $14.7 million as of November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, respectively.
Inventory Valuation
The Company values inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventory cost is determined using the first-in first-out method. The Company includes product costs, labor and related overhead, inbound freight, internal transfers, and the cost of operating its remaining manufacturing facilities, including the related depreciation expense, in the cost of inventories. The Company estimates quantities of slow-moving and obsolete inventory, by reviewing on-hand quantities, outstanding purchase obligations and forecasted sales. The Company determines inventory net realizable value by estimating expected selling prices based on the Company's historical recovery rates for slow-moving and obsolete inventory and other factors, such as market conditions, expected channel of distribution and current consumer preferences.
Net realizable value is determined by estimating expected selling prices based on anticipated recovery rates for slow-moving and obsolete inventory and other factors, such as market conditions, expected channel of distribution and current consumer demand and preferences. During fiscal year 2021, there was a $2.3 million net reduction in COVID-19 related inventory reserves recognized due to the overall improvement in operations since when the initial estimates were made. During fiscal year 2020, the Company recognized $42.3 million in net incremental inventory reserves upon the onset of COVID-19. All COVID-19 related impacts on inventory valuation were recorded within "Cost of goods sold" in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Income Tax
Beginning in fiscal year 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). ASU 2018-02 addresses certain stranded income tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act") enacted on December 22, 2017. Stranded income tax effects unrelated to the Tax Act are generally released from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) when an entire portfolio of the type of item related to the stranded income tax effect is liquidated, sold or extinguished.
Significant judgment is required in determining the Company's global income tax provision. In the ordinary course of a global business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain. Some of these uncertainties arise from examinations in various jurisdictions and assumptions and estimates used in evaluating the need for valuation allowances.
The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. The Company computes its provision for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. All deferred income taxes are classified as non-current on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. Significant judgments are required in order to determine the realizability of these deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company's management evaluates all significant available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the existence of prudent and feasible tax planning strategies.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
The Company continuously reviews issues raised in connection with all ongoing examinations and open tax years to evaluate the adequacy of its tax liabilities. The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions under a two-step approach. The first step is to evaluate the uncertain tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination based on its technical merits. The second step, for those positions that meet the recognition criteria, is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than fifty percent likely to be realized. The Company believes that its recorded tax liabilities are adequate to cover all open tax years based on its assessment. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and involves significant judgments about future events. To the extent that the Company's view as to the outcome of these matters change, the Company will adjust income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made. The Company classifies interest and penalties related to income taxes as income tax expense.
Cloud Computing Arrangements
The Company incurs costs to implement cloud computing arrangements that are hosted by third party vendors. Implementation costs associated with cloud computing arrangements are capitalized when incurred during the application development phase. Amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the cloud computing arrangement on a straight-line basis. Capitalized amounts related to such arrangements are recorded within other current assets and other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method based upon the estimated useful lives of the assets. Buildings are depreciated over a 20 to 40 year period. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the associated lease term. Machinery and equipment, including furniture and fixtures, automobiles and trucks, and networking communication equipment, is depreciated over a three to 20 year period.
Software development costs, which are direct costs associated with developing software for internal use, including certain payroll and payroll-related costs are capitalized when incurred during the application development phase and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life, typically over a three to seven year period.
The Company reviews property plant and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group may not be recoverable. Impairment losses are measured and recorded for the excess of carrying value over its fair value, estimated based on expected future cash flows and other quantitative and qualitative factors.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill resulted primarily from a 1985 acquisition of the Company by Levi Strauss Associates Inc., a former parent company that was subsequently merged into the Company in 1996, the acquisition of Beyond Yoga® in 2021 and other third party acquisitions. Goodwill is not amortized. Intangible assets are comprised of customer relationships and owned trademarks with definite and indefinite useful lives.
The Company tests goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year, or more frequently as warranted by events or changes in circumstances which indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company may first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived asset is less than its carrying amount.
If, based on the results of the qualitative assessment, it is concluded that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived asset exceeds its carrying value, a quantitative test is performed. Under the quantitative test, the Company compares the carrying value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived asset to its fair value. If the carrying value exceeds its fair value, the Company records an impairment charge equal to the excess of the carrying value over the related fair value.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Restructuring Liabilities
Upon approval of a restructuring plan, the Company records restructuring liabilities for employee severance and related termination benefits when they become probable and estimable for recurring arrangements. The Company records other costs associated with exit activities as they are incurred. The long-term portion of restructuring liabilities is included in “Other long-term liabilities” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. See Note 13 for more information.
Operating Leases
Beginning in fiscal year 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842).
The Company primarily leases retail store space, certain distribution and warehouse facilities, office space and equipment. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception and begins recording lease activity at the commencement date, which is generally the date in which the Company takes possession of or controls the physical use of the asset. Right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term with lease expense recognized on a straight-line basis. Incremental borrowing rates are used to determine the present value of future lease payments unless the implicit rate is readily determinable. Incremental borrowing rate reflects the rate the lessee would pay to borrow on a secured basis an amount equal to the lease payments and incorporates the term and economic environment of the lease. ROU assets include amounts for scheduled rent increases and are reduced by the amount of lease incentives. The lease term includes the non-cancelable period of the lease and options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise those options. Certain lease agreements include variable lease payments, which are based on a percent of retail sales over specified levels or adjust periodically for inflation as a result of changes in a published index, primarily the Consumer Price Index.
The Company has elected to account for lease and non-lease components together as a single lease component in the measurement of ROU assets and lease liabilities. Variable lease payments are not included in the measurement of ROU assets and lease liabilities.
For leases with a lease term of 12 months or less, fixed lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over such term and are not recognized on the consolidated balance sheet. See Note 15 for further discussion of the Company's leases.
Debt Issuance Costs
The Company capitalizes debt issuance costs on its senior revolving credit facility, which are included in "Other non-current assets" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Capitalized debt issuance costs on the Company's unsecured long-term debt are presented as a reduction to the debt outstanding on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The unsecured long-term debt issuance costs are generally amortized utilizing the effective interest method whereas the senior revolving credit facility issuance costs are amortized utilizing the straight-line method. Amortization of debt issuance costs is included in "Interest expense" in the consolidated statements of operations.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair values of the Company's financial instruments reflect the amounts that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The fair value estimates presented in these financial statements are based on information available to the Company as of November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020.
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and short-term borrowings approximate fair value since they are short term in nature. The Company has estimated the fair value of its other financial instruments using the market and income approaches. Rabbi trust assets and forward foreign exchange contracts are carried at their fair values. The Company's debt instruments are carried at historical cost and adjusted for amortization of premiums, discounts, or deferred financing costs, foreign currency fluctuations and principal payments.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Pension and Postretirement Benefits
The Company has several non-contributory defined benefit retirement plans covering eligible employees. The Company also provides certain health care benefits for U.S. employees who meet age, participation and length of service requirements at retirement. In addition, the Company sponsors other retirement or post-employment plans for its foreign employees in accordance with local government programs and requirements. The Company retains the right to amend, curtail or discontinue any aspect of the plans, subject to local regulations.
The Company recognizes either an asset or a liability for any plan's funded status in its consolidated balance sheets. The Company measures changes in funded status using actuarial models which utilize an attribution approach that generally spreads individual events over the estimated service lives of the remaining employees in the plan. For plans where participants will not earn additional benefits by rendering future service, which includes the Company's U.S. plans, individual events are spread over the plan participants' estimated remaining lives. The Company's policy is to fund its retirement plans based upon actuarial recommendations and in accordance with applicable laws, income tax regulations and credit agreements. Net pension and postretirement benefit income or expense is generally determined using assumptions which include expected long-term rates of return on plan assets, discount rates, compensation rate increases and medical and mortality trend rates. The Company considers several factors including historical rates, expected rates and external data to determine the assumptions used in the actuarial models.
Employee Incentive Compensation
The Company maintains short-term and long-term employee incentive compensation plans. Provisions for employee incentive compensation are recorded in "Accrued salaries, wages and employee benefits" and "Long-term employee related benefits" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The Company accrues the related compensation expense over the period of the plan and changes in the liabilities for these incentive plans generally correlate with the Company's financial results and projected future financial performance.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has stock-based incentive plans that allow for the issuance of cash or equity-settled awards to certain employees and non-employee directors. The Company recognizes compensation expense for share-based awards that are classified as equity based on the grant date fair value of the awards over the requisite service period, adjusted for estimated forfeitures. The cash-settled awards are classified as liabilities and compensation expense is measured using fair value at the end of each reporting period until settlement.
The grant date fair value of the Company's stock appreciation right awards is estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The grant date fair value of the Company's service based restricted stock units ("RSUs") and non-market based performance RSUs is determined based on the fair value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant, adjusted to reflect the absence of dividend equivalents during vesting. The grant date fair value of the Company's market based performance RSUs is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model.
Compensation expense for all performance based RSUs is recognized over the requisite service period when attainment of the performance goal is deemed probable, net of estimated forfeitures. Compensation expense for market based RSUs, net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized over the requisite service period regardless of whether, and the extent to which, the market condition is ultimately satisfied. For RSU awards with cliff vesting terms, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis. For awards granted to retirement-eligible employees, or employees who will become retirement-eligible prior to the end of the awards' respective stated vesting periods, the related stock-based compensation expense is recognized on an accelerated basis over a term commensurate with the period that the employee is required to provide service in order to vest in the award.
Due to the job function of the award recipients, the Company has included stock-based compensation expense in "Selling, general and administrative expenses" in the consolidated statements of operations.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Self-Insurance
Up to certain limits, the Company self-insures various loss exposures primarily relating to workers' compensation risk and employee and eligible retiree medical health benefits. The Company carries insurance policies covering claim exposures which exceed predefined amounts, per occurrence and/or in the aggregate. Accruals for losses are made based on the Company's claims experience and actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry, including provisions for incurred but not reported losses.
Foreign Currency
The functional currency for most of the Company's foreign operations is the applicable local currency. For those operations, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. Dollars using period-end exchange rates; income and expenses are translated at average monthly exchange rates; and equity accounts are translated at historical rates. Net changes resulting from such translations are recorded as a component of translation adjustments in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
Foreign currency transactions are transactions denominated in a currency other than the entity's functional currency. At each balance sheet date, each entity remeasures the recorded balances related to foreign-currency transactions using the period-end exchange rate. Unrealized gains or losses arising from the remeasurement of these balances are recorded in "Other income (expense), net" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. In addition, at the settlement date of foreign currency transactions, the realized foreign currency gains or losses are recorded in "Other income (expense), net" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations to reflect the difference between the rate effective at the settlement date and the historical rate at which the transaction was originally recorded.
Share Repurchases
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") reinstated its share repurchase program, which authorizes the repurchase of up to $200 million of the Company's Class A common stock, which had been previously suspended in the second quarter of fiscal 2020.
During fiscal 2021, 3.4 million shares were repurchased for $88.4 million, plus broker's commissions, in the open market. This equates to an average repurchase price of approximately $25.78 per share. In fiscal 2020, 3.0 million shares were repurchased for $56.2 million, plus broker's commissions, in the open market. This equates to an average repurchase price of approximately $18.73 per share.
The Company accounts for share repurchases by charging the excess of repurchase price over the repurchased Class A common stock's par value entirely to retained earnings. All repurchased shares are retired and become authorized but unissued shares. The Company accrues for the shares purchased under the share repurchase plan based on the trade date. The Company may terminate or limit the share repurchase program at any time.
Subsequent to year end, the Company repurchased 1.8 million shares for $43.6 million, plus broker's commissions, in the open market. This equates to an average repurchase price of approximately $24.68 per share.
Noncontrolling Interest
In fiscal 2020, the Company completed its all cash tender offer for the acquisition of the remaining 16.4% minority interest shares of Levi Strauss Japan common stock at a purchase price of ¥1,570 per share for a total purchase price of $13.6 million US dollars, plus transaction costs. As a result, Levi Strauss Japan has become a wholly owned subsidiary. Prior to this transaction, the noncontrolling interest included a 16.4% minority interest of third parties in Levi Strauss Japan K.K., the Company's Japanese subsidiary.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Revenue Recognition
Net sales includes sales within the wholesale and direct-to-consumer channels. Wholesale channel revenues includes sales to third-party retailers such as department stores, specialty retailers, third-party e-commerce sites and franchise locations dedicated to the Company's brands. The Company also sells products directly to consumers, which are reflected in the direct-to-consumer ("DTC") channel, through a variety of formats, including company-operated mainline and outlet stores, company-operated e-commerce sites and select shop-in-shops located in department stores and other third-party retail locations.
Revenue transactions generally comprise of a single performance obligation, which consists of the sale of products to customers either through wholesale or direct-to-consumer channels. The Company satisfies the performance obligation and records revenues when transfer of control has passed to the customer, based on the terms of sale. Transfer of control passes to wholesale customers upon shipment or upon receipt depending on the agreement with the customer. Within the Company's DTC channel, control generally transfers to the customer at the time of sale within company-operated retail stores and upon delivery to the customer with respect to e-commerce transactions.
Licensing revenues are included in the Company's wholesale channel and represent approximately 2% of total revenues which are recognized over time based on the contractual term with variable amounts recognized only when royalties exceed contractual minimum royalty guarantees.
Payment terms for wholesale transactions depend on the country of sale or agreement with the customer, and payment is generally required after shipment or receipt by the wholesale customer. Payment is due at the time of sale for retail store and e-commerce transactions.
Net sales to the Company's ten largest customers for fiscal year 2021, fiscal year 2020, and fiscal year 2019, totaled 32%, 29% and 26% of net revenues for those fiscal years, respectively. No customer represented 10% or more of net revenues in any of these years.
The Company treats all shipping to the Company's customers, handling and certain other distribution activities as a fulfillment cost and recognizes these costs as SG&A. Sales and value-added taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are presented on a net basis in the consolidated statements of operations.
Cost of Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold includes the expenses incurred to acquire and produce inventory for sale, including product costs, labor and related overhead, inbound freight, internal transfers, and the cost of operating the Company's remaining manufacturing facilities, including the related depreciation expense.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A") consist primarily of costs relating to advertising, marketing, selling, distribution, information technology and other corporate functions. Selling costs include, among other things, all occupancy costs associated with company-operated stores and with the Company's company-operated shop-in-shops located within department stores. The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. For fiscal year 2021, 2020 and 2019, total advertising expense was $434.5 million, $331.4 million and $399.3 million, respectively. Distribution costs include costs related to receiving and inspection at distribution centers, warehousing, shipping to the Company's customers, handling and certain other activities associated with the Company's distribution network. These expenses totaled $244.6 million $198.3 million and $227.4 million for fiscal year 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Reclassification
Certain amounts on the consolidated statements of cash flow have been conformed to the November 28, 2021 presentation.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Changes in Accounting Principles
•In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires entities to use a forward-looking approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. The FASB has subsequently issued updates to the standard to provide additional clarification on specific topics. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
•In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20). ASU 2018-14 removes certain disclosures that are not considered cost beneficial, clarifies certain required disclosures and adds additional disclosures. The Company adopted ASU 2018-14 at the beginning of the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, and it did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements”.
•In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40). ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The guidance provides criteria for determining which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which costs to expense. The capitalized implementation costs are required to be expensed over the term of the hosting arrangement. The guidance also clarifies the presentation requirements for reporting such costs in the entity’s financial statements. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2021 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
The following recently issued accounting standards, all of which are FASB issued ASU's, have been grouped by their required effective dates for the Company:
First Quarter 2022
•In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The ASU is intended to enhance and simplify aspects of the income tax accounting guidance in ASC 740 as part of the FASB's simplification initiative. This guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2020 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
First Quarter 2023
•In March 2020 and January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting and ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform: Scope, respectively. Together, the ASUs provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the U.S. GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. This guidance is effective beginning on March 12, 2020, and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
NOTE 2: INVENTORIES
The following table presents the Company's inventory balances:

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
| (Dollars in thousands)
Raw materials | $ | 9,141 |  |  | $ | 3,882 |
Work-in-progress | 3,603 |  |  | 4,725 |
Finished goods | 885,206 |  |  | 809,085 |
Total inventories | $ | 897,950 |  |  | $ | 817,692 |

NOTE 3: PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
The components of property, plant and equipment ("PP&E") were as follows:

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
| (Dollars in thousands)
Land | $ | 8,238 |  |  | $ | 8,564 |
Buildings and leasehold improvements | 472,240 |  |  | 477,521 |
Machinery and equipment | 487,356 |  |  | 486,931 |
Capitalized internal-use software | 597,644 |  |  | 560,539 |
Construction in progress | 67,782 |  |  | 24,148 |
Subtotal | 1,633,260 |  |  | 1,557,703 |
Accumulated depreciation | (1,130,698) |  |  | (1,103,171) |
PP&E, net | $ | 502,562 |  |  | $ | 454,532 |

Depreciation expense for the years ended November 28, 2021, November 29, 2020, and November 24, 2019, was $142.1 million, $136.6 million and $123.9 million, respectively.
During fiscal year 2021, the Company recorded $11.0 million in charges primarily related to the impairment of leasehold improvements and other property and equipment. During fiscal year 2020, the Company recorded $23.6 million in charges primarily related to the impairment of certain store assets, buildings and leasehold improvements as well as the impairment of other property and equipment, primarily within capitalized internal-use software in response to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. An immaterial amount of impairment charges were recognized during fiscal year 2019. The impairment charges are included in selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A") in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
NOTE 4: ACQUISITIONS
Beyond Yoga® Acquisition
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Beyond Yoga®, a body positive, premium athleisure apparel brand focused on quality, fit and comfort for all shapes and sizes. The acquisition was funded entirely by cash on hand. The results of operations, financial position and cash flows of Beyond Yoga® have been included in the Company's financial statements from the date of acquisition.
The Company accounted for the acquisition following FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, and the related assets acquired, and liabilities assumed were recorded at fair value on the acquisition date. The aggregate purchase price was allocated to the major categories of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their respective fair values at the acquisition date.
The purchase price allocation is preliminary and based upon valuation information available to determine the fair value of certain assets and liabilities, including goodwill, and is subject to change, primarily for final adjustments to net working capital as additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed at the valuation date. The Company expects to finalize the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed over the one-year measurement period.
The following table summarizes the preliminary estimated fair values of the Beyond Yoga® assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition:

| September 21, 2021
| (Dollars in thousands)
Cash | $ | 1,491 |
Accounts receivable | 5,028 |
Inventory(1) | 18,706 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 509 |
Property, plant and equipment | 760 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 5,877 |
Goodwill | 123,658 |
Intangible assets | 245,507 |
Other non-current assets | 463 |
Total assets acquired | 401,999 |
Accounts payable | 4,267 |
Other accrued liabilities | 2,256 |
Operating lease liabilities | 5,877 |
Total liabilities assumed | 12,400 |
Net assets acquired | $ | 389,599 |

_____________
(1)Includes $5.9 million of inventory markup above historical carrying value.
The goodwill is attributable to the Company's ability to expand the Beyond Yoga® brand to more consumers through direct-to-consumer expansion, including brick-and-mortar retail, gender and category growth, and further development of the wholesale footprint with premium partners. All of the goodwill will be deductible for tax purposes.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
The Company assigned a fair value to and estimated useful lives for intangible assets acquired as part of the Beyond Yoga® acquisition. The fair value of the separately identifiable intangible assets, and their estimated useful lives as of the acquisition date were as follows:

| Estimated Fair Value |  | Weighted Average Estimated Useful Life (years)
| (Dollars in thousands)
Intangible Assets: |  |  |
Trademark | $ | 215,969 |  |  | Indefinite
Customer Relationships | 29,538 |  |  | 8.2 years
Total | $ | 245,507 |  |  |

The Beyond Yoga® trademark, which is estimated to have an indefinite life, has been valued at $216.0 million using the relief-from-royalty method. The relief-from-royalty method requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future revenues, a hypothetical royalty rate, the expected economic life of the asset, tax rates and a discount rate that reflects the level of risk associated with the future earnings attributable to the asset.
The Company has not disclosed pro forma information of the combined business as the transaction is not material to revenue or net income.
In connection with the acquisition, the Company recognized certain acquisition-related expenses which are expensed as incurred. These expenses are recognized within SG&A in the Company's consolidated statements of operations and include the following amounts:
•transaction and integration costs, including fees for advisory and professional services incurred as part of the acquisition and integration costs subsequent to the acquisition; and
•acquisition-related compensation, including amounts due to sellers that are contingent upon continuing employment.
The following table summarizes the acquisition-related expenses recognized during fiscal year 2021:

| November 28, 2021
| (Dollars in thousands)
Acquisition-related expenses: |
Transaction and integration costs | $ | 2,835 |
Acquisition-related compensation | 962 |
Total | $ | 3,797 |

The Company will recognize a total expense of $15.0 million for deferred consideration that is due to certain continuing Beyond Yoga® employees, subject to the continued employment of those individuals through various vesting dates up to three years from the acquisition date. This acquisition-related compensation is expensed over the vesting periods as service is provided, and consists of cash payments, which are included within "accrued salaries, wages and employee benefits" within the Company's consolidated balance sheets until payments are made.
The Jeans Company Acquisition
In December 2019, the Company completed an acquisition of all operating assets related to Levi’s® and Dockers® brands from The Jeans Company ("TJC"), the Company's distributor in Chile, Peru and Bolivia, for $52.2 million in cash, plus transaction costs. This includes 78 Levi’s® and Dockers® retail stores and one e-commerce site, distribution with the America's leading multi-brand retailers, and the logistical operations within these markets.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
The total fair value of assets acquired was $52.2 million and included goodwill, inventory, intangible and fixed assets. The goodwill and intangibles recognized as a result of the acquisition were $22.8 million and $9.2 million, respectively. In addition, based on materiality, pro forma results are not presented.
NOTE 5: GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by business segment for the years ended November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, were as follows:

| Americas |  | Europe |  | Asia |  | Other Brands |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
Balance, November 24, 2019 | $ | 207,749 |  |  | $ | 26,535 |  |  | $ | 1,504 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 235,788 |
Additions(1) | 22,445 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 1,710 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,362 |
Foreign currency fluctuation | 2,782 |  |  | 1,928 |  |  | (92) |  |  | — |  |  | 4,618 |
Balance, November 29, 2020 | 232,976 |  |  | 28,670 |  |  | 3,122 |  |  | — |  |  | 264,768 |
Additions(2) | — |  |  | 1,761 |  |  | — |  |  | 123,658 |  |  | 125,419 |
Foreign currency fluctuation | (1,597) |  |  | (1,639) |  |  | (71) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,307) |
Balance, November 28, 2021 | $ | 231,379 |  |  | $ | 28,792 |  |  | $ | 3,051 |  |  | $ | 123,658 |  |  | $ | 386,880 |

_____________
(1)Additions to goodwill in fiscal year 2020 relate to business acquisitions, primarily the South American distributor TJC. Refer to Note 4 for more information.
(2)Additions to Other Brands goodwill in fiscal year 2021 relates to the acquisition of Beyond Yoga®. Refer to Note 4 for more information.
Other intangible assets, net, were as follows:

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
| Gross Carrying Value |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Total |  | Gross Carrying Value |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
Non-amortized intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trademarks | $ | 258,712 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 258,712 |  |  | $ | 42,743 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42,743 |
Amortized intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships and other | 38,662 |  |  | (6,042) |  |  | 32,620 |  |  | 9,786 |  |  | (5,103) |  |  | 4,683 |
Total | $ | 297,374 |  |  | $ | (6,042) |  |  | $ | 291,332 |  |  | $ | 52,529 |  |  | $ | (5,103) |  |  | $ | 47,426 |

Customer relationships and other are amortized over five to eleven years. Amortization expense for the years ended November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020 was $1.1 million and $5.2 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the year ended November 24, 2019 is immaterial.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years is as follows:

| November 28, 2021
| (Dollars in thousands)
2022 | $ | 4,400 |
2023 | 4,400 |
2024 | 4,400 |
2025 | 4,400 |
2026 | 4,043 |
Thereafter | 10,977 |
Total | $ | 32,620 |

The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment assessment for reporting units. The fair values of the reporting units were estimated using the income approach. The annual assessment concluded that the fair values of the reporting units were in excess of their respective carrying values.
The Company performed its annual impairment assessment over material indefinite-lived intangible assets. The annual assessment concluded that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets were in excess of their respective carrying values.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
NOTE 6: FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following table presents the Company’s financial instruments that are carried at fair value:

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
|  |  | Fair Value Estimated Using |  |  |  | Fair Value Estimated Using
| Fair Value |  | Level 1 Inputs(1) |  | Level 2 Inputs(2) |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 Inputs(1) |  | Level 2 Inputs(2) |  |
| (Dollars in thousands) |  |
Financial assets carried at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rabbi trust assets | $ | 80,188 |  |  | $ | 80,188 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 71,184 |  |  | $ | 71,184 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Short-term investments in marketable securities | 91,550 |  |  |  |  | 91,550 |  |  | 96,531 |  |  | — |  |  | 96,531 |  |  |
Derivative instruments(3) | 27,512 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,512 |  |  | 4,904 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,904 |  |  |
Total | $ | 199,250 |  |  | $ | 80,188 |  |  | $ | 119,062 |  |  | $ | 172,619 |  |  | $ | 71,184 |  |  | $ | 101,435 |  |  |
Financial liabilities carried at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative instruments(3) | 13,255 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,255 |  |  | 10,735 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,735 |  |  |
Total | $ | 13,255 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,255 |  |  | $ | 10,735 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,735 |  |  |

_____________
(1)Fair values estimated using Level 1 inputs are inputs which consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Rabbi trust assets consist of a diversified portfolio of equity, fixed income and other securities. See Note 11 for more information on rabbi trust assets.
(2)Fair values estimated using Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly and include among other things, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in markets that are active or inactive as well as inputs other than quoted prices that are observable. For forward foreign exchange contracts, inputs include foreign currency exchange and interest rates and, where applicable, credit default swap prices.
(3)The Company’s cash flow hedges are subject to International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. master agreements. These agreements permit the net settlement of these contracts on a per-institution basis. Refer to Note 7 for more information.
The following table presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains (losses) and fair values of the Company’s available for sale investments:

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
| (Dollars in thousands)
Short-term investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rabbi trust assets | $ | 2,823 |  |  | $ | 1,277 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,100 |  |  | $ | 6,423 |  |  | $ | 2,342 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,765 |
Short-term investments in marketable securities | 91,475 |  |  | 155 |  |  | (80) |  |  | 91,550 |  |  | 96,010 |  |  | 530 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 96,531 |
| 94,298 |  |  | 1,432 |  |  | (80) |  |  | 95,650 |  |  | 102,433 |  |  | 2,872 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 105,296 |
Long-term investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rabbi trust assets | 52,398 |  |  | 23,690 |  |  | — |  |  | 76,088 |  |  | 45,743 |  |  | 16,676 |  |  | — |  |  | 62,419 |
| $ | 146,696 |  |  | $ | 25,122 |  |  | $ | (80) |  |  | $ | 171,738 |  |  | $ | 148,176 |  |  | $ | 19,548 |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | 167,715 |

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
The following table presents the carrying value, including related accrued interest, and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments that are carried at adjusted historical cost:

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
| Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value
| (Dollars in thousands)
Financial liabilities carried at adjusted historical cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |
5.00% senior notes due 2025(1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 990,280 |  |  | $ | 1,016,169 |
3.375% senior notes due 2027(1) | 531,382 |  |  | 541,935 |  |  | 564,312 |  |  | 583,227 |
3.50% senior notes due 2031(1) | 497,335 |  |  | 502,881 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Short-term borrowings | 5,862 |  |  | 5,862 |  |  | 17,648 |  |  | 17,648 |
Total | $ | 1,034,579 |  |  | $ | 1,050,678 |  |  | $ | 1,572,240 |  |  | $ | 1,617,044 |

_____________
(1)Fair values are estimated using Level 1 inputs and incorporate mid-market price quotes. Level 1 inputs are inputs which consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
NOTE 7: DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
As of November 28, 2021, the Company had forward foreign exchange contracts derivatives that were not designated as hedges in qualifying hedging relationships, of which $952.4 million were contracts to buy and $394.1 million were contracts to sell various foreign currencies. These contracts are at various exchange rates and expire at various dates through February 2023.
The table below provides data about the carrying values of derivative instruments and non-derivative instruments:

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
| Assets |  | (Liabilities) |  | Derivative Net Carrying Value |  | Assets |  | (Liabilities) |  | Derivative Net Carrying Value
| Carrying Value |  | Carrying Value |  |  | Carrying Value |  | Carrying Value |
| (Dollars in thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange risk cash flow hedges(1) | $ | 24,858 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24,858 |  |  | $ | 1,489 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,489 |
Foreign exchange risk cash flow hedges(2) | — |  |  | (2,030) |  |  | (2,030) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,036) |  |  | (5,036) |
Total | $ | 24,858 |  |  | $ | (2,030) |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,489 |  |  | $ | (5,036) |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forward foreign exchange contracts(1) | $ | 27,512 |  |  | $ | (24,858) |  |  | $ | 2,654 |  |  | $ | 4,902 |  |  | $ | (1,487) |  |  | $ | 3,415 |
Forward foreign exchange contracts(2) | 2,030 |  |  | (13,255) |  |  | (11,225) |  |  | 5,035 |  |  | (10,734) |  |  | (5,699) |
Total | $ | 29,542 |  |  | $ | (38,113) |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,937 |  |  | $ | (12,221) |  |  |
Non-derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Euro senior notes | $ | — |  |  | $ | (532,285) |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (565,820) |  |  |

_____________
(1)Included in "Other current assets" or "Other non-current assets" on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Included in "Other accrued liabilities" or "Other long-term liabilities" on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
The Company's over-the-counter forward foreign exchange contracts are subject to International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. master agreements. These agreements permit the net-settlement of these contracts on a per-institution basis; however, the Company records the fair value on a gross basis on its consolidated balance sheets based on maturity dates, including those subject to master netting arrangements.
The table below presents the gross and net amounts of these contracts recognized on the Company's consolidated balance sheets by type of financial instrument:

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
| Gross Amounts of Assets / (Liabilities) Presented in the Balance Sheet |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts of Assets / (Liabilities) | Gross Amounts of Assets / (Liabilities) Presented in the Balance Sheet |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet |  | Net Amounts of Assets / (Liabilities)
| (Dollars in thousands)
Foreign exchange risk contracts and forward foreign exchange contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial assets | $ | 54,400 |  |  | $ | (10,152) |  |  | $ | 44,248 |  |  | $ | 11,426 |  |  | $ | (6,578) |  |  | $ | 4,848 |
Financial liabilities | (40,143) |  |  | 10,152 |  |  | (29,991) |  |  | (17,257) |  |  | 6,578 |  |  | (10,679) |
Total |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,257 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (5,831) |

The table below provides data about the amount of gains and losses related to derivative instruments and non-derivative instruments designated as cash flow and net investment hedges included in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" ("AOCI") on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, and in "Other income (expense), net" in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations:

| Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion) |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Net Income (Loss)(1)
| As of November 28, 2021 |  | As of November 29, 2020 |  | Year Ended
November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in thousands)
Foreign exchange risk contracts | $ | 24,304 |  |  | $ | (11,896) |  |  | $ | (19,277) |  |  | $ | 13,182 |  |  | $ | 3,418 |
Realized forward foreign exchange swaps(2) | 4,637 |  |  | 4,637 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Yen-denominated Eurobonds | (19,811) |  |  | (19,811) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Euro-denominated senior notes | (45,201) |  |  | (78,736) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cumulative income taxes | 15,157 |  |  | 31,350 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | (20,914) |  |  | $ | (74,456) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

_____________
(1)Amounts reclassified from AOCI were classified as net revenues or costs of goods sold on the consolidated statements of operations.
(2)Prior to and during 2005, the Company used foreign exchange currency swaps to hedge the net investment in its foreign operations. For hedges that qualified for hedge accounting, the net gains were included in AOCI and are not reclassified to earnings until the related net investment position has been liquidated.
There was no hedge ineffectiveness for the year ended November 28, 2021. Within the next 12 months, $16.4 million of gains from cash flow hedges are expected to be reclassified from AOCI into net income (loss).
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
The table below presents the effects of the Company's cash flow hedges of foreign exchange risk contracts on the Consolidated statements of operations for the year ended November 28, 2021:

| Year ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in thousands)
Amount of (Loss) Gain on Cash Flow Hedge Activity: |  |  |  |  |
Net revenues | $ | (4,323) |  |  | $ | 1,814 |  |  | $ | (3,908) |
Cost of goods sold | (14,954) |  |  | 11,368 |  |  | 7,326 |

The table below provides data about the amount of gains and losses related to derivative instruments included in "Other income (expense), net" in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations:

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in thousands)
Forward foreign exchange contracts: |  |  |  |  |
Realized (loss) gain(1) | $ | (9,744) |  |  | $ | 8,049 |  |  | $ | 8,164 |
Unrealized loss(2) | (5,057) |  |  | (5,750) |  |  | (8,038) |
Total | $ | (14,801) |  |  | $ | 2,299 |  |  | $ | 126 |

_____________
(1)The realized loss in fiscal year 2021 is primarily driven by losses on contracts to buy various currencies, mainly the Euro, and losses on contracts to sell various currencies, in particular the British Pound, Canadian Dollar and Mexican Peso a result of the U.S. Dollar strengthening throughout the year against original contract rates. The realized gain in fiscal year 2020 is primarily driven by gains on contracts to buy various currencies, mainly the Euro, as a result of the U.S. Dollar weakening throughout the year against original contract rates. The realized gain in fiscal year 2019 is driven by gains on contracts to sell various currencies, mainly the Euro, as a result of the U.S. Dollar strengthening throughout the year against lower original contract rates.
(2)The unrealized loss in fiscal year 2021 is primarily driven by losses on contracts to sell various foreign currencies, mainly the Euro, Mexican Peso and Japanese Yen, as a result of the U.S. Dollar strengthening against the original contract rates at year end. The unrealized loss in fiscal year 2020 is primarily driven by losses on contracts to sell various foreign currencies, mainly the Euro, as a result of the U.S. Dollar weakening against the original contract rates at year end. The unrealized loss in fiscal year 2019 is driven by losses on contracts to sell various foreign currencies, mainly the Euro, as a result of the U.S. Dollar weakening against the original contract rates at year end.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
NOTE 8: OTHER ACCRUED LIABILITIES
The following table presents the Company's other accrued liabilities:

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
| (Dollars in thousands)
Other accrued liabilities |  |  |
Accrued advertising and promotion | $ | 111,086 |  |  | $ | 80,272 |
Accrued interest payable | 8,281 |  |  | 8,235 |
Accrued rent | 16,612 |  |  | 22,045 |
Fabric liabilities | 4,625 |  |  | 25,493 |
Fair value derivatives | 13,246 |  |  | 10,390 |
Taxes other than income taxes payable | 48,278 |  |  | 34,555 |
Other | 373,774 |  |  | 296,011 |
Total other accrued liabilities | $ | 575,902 |  |  | $ | 477,001 |

NOTE 9: DEBT
The following table presents the Company's debt:

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
| (Dollars in thousands)
Long-term debt |  |  |
5.00% senior notes due 2025 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 986,252 |
3.375% senior notes due 2027 | 527,644 |  |  | 560,448 |
3.50% senior notes due 2031 | 493,056 |  |  | — |
Total long-term debt | $ | 1,020,700 |  |  | $ | 1,546,700 |
Short-term debt |  |  |
Short-term borrowings | 5,862 |  |  | 17,631 |
Total debt | $ | 1,026,562 |  |  | $ | 1,564,331 |

Senior Revolving Credit Facility
The Company is a party to a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as amended by that certain Amendment No. 2 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of January 5, 2021 (the “Credit Agreement Amendment”), that provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Credit Facility"). The Credit Facility is an asset-based facility, in which the borrowing availability is primarily based on the value of the U.S. Levi's® trademarks and the levels of certain eligible cash, accounts receivable and inventory in the United States and Canada.
Availability, interest and maturity. The maximum availability under the credit facility is $850.0 million, of which $800.0 million is available to the Company for revolving loans in U.S. Dollars and $50.0 million is available to the Company for revolving loans in either U.S. or Canadian Dollars. Subject to the availability under the borrowing base, the Company may make and repay borrowings from time to time until the maturity of the credit facility. The Company may make voluntary prepayments of borrowings at any time and must make mandatory prepayments if certain events occur. Of the maximum availability of $850.0 million, the U.S. Levi’s® trademarks are deemed to add the lesser of (i) $150.0 million and (ii) 65% of the net orderly liquidation value of such trademarks to the borrowing base. Upon the maturity date of January 5, 2026, all of the obligations outstanding under the credit facility become due. The interest rate for borrowings under the credit facility is LIBOR plus 125-175 basis points, depending on borrowing base availability, and the rate for undrawn availability is 20 basis points.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
The Company’s unused availability under its Credit Facility was $794.3 million at November 28, 2021, as the Company’s total availability of $806.6 million, based on the collateral levels discussed above, was reduced by $9.7 million of stand-by letters of credit and by $2.6 million of other credit-related instruments. The Company has stand-by letters of credit with various international banks under the Company's credit facility serving as guarantees to cover U.S. workers' compensation claims and working capital requirements for certain subsidiaries, primarily in India.
The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement also provides that the Company may increase the availability under the Company's credit facility up to the greater of (i) $1.6 billion in the aggregate and (ii) an amount that would not cause the Company's secured leverage ratio (as defined in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) to exceed 3.25 to 1.00, in each case if certain conditions are met.
Guarantees and security. The Company's obligations under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are guaranteed by its domestic subsidiaries. The obligations under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are secured by specified domestic assets, including certain U.S. trademarks associated with the Levi's® brand and accounts receivable, goods and inventory in the United States. Additionally, the obligations of Levi Strauss & Co. (Canada) Inc. under the credit agreement are secured by Canadian accounts receivable, goods, inventory and other Canadian assets. The lien on the U.S. Levi's® trademarks and related intellectual property may be released at the Company's discretion subject to certain conditions, and such release would reduce the borrowing base.
Covenants. The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains customary covenants restricting the Company's activities, as well as those of the Company's subsidiaries, including limitations on the ability to sell assets, engage in mergers, or other fundamental changes, enter into capital leases or certain leases not in the ordinary course of business, enter into transactions involving related parties or derivatives, incur or prepay indebtedness, grant liens or negative pledges on the Company's assets, make loans or other investments, pay dividends or repurchase stock or other securities, guarantee third-party obligations, engage in sale leasebacks and make changes in the Company's corporate structure. There are exceptions to these covenants, and some are only applicable when unused availability falls below specified thresholds. In addition, the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement includes, as a financial covenant, a springing fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.0 to 1.0, which arises when availability falls below a specified threshold. As of November 28, 2021, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.
Events of default. The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains customary events of default, including payment failures, breaches of representations and warranties, failure to comply with covenants, failure to satisfy other obligations under the credit agreements or related documents, defaults in respect of other indebtedness, bankruptcy, insolvency and inability to pay debts when due, material judgments, pension plan terminations or specified underfunding, substantial stock ownership changes, failure of certain provisions of any guarantee or security document supporting the Company's credit facility to be in full force and effect, change of control and specified changes in the composition of the Board. The cross-default provisions in the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement apply if a default occurs on other indebtedness of the Company or the guarantors in excess of $50.0 million and the applicable grace period in respect of the indebtedness has expired, such that the lenders of or trustee for the defaulted indebtedness have the right to accelerate. If an event of default occurs under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, subject to any applicable grace period, the lenders may terminate their commitments, declare immediately payable all borrowings under the credit facility and foreclose on the collateral.
Senior Notes due 2025
Principal, interest, and maturity. The Company issued $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.00% senior notes due 2025 (the "Senior Notes due 2025") to qualified institutional buyers in April 2015 and an additional $500.0 million in April 2020. The Senior Notes due 2025 were treated as a single series (collectively, the "Senior Notes due 2025"), were unsecured obligations that ranked equally with all of the Company’s other existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated debt and were set to mature on May 1, 2025. In March 2021, the Company used $800.0 million of cash on hand to redeem a portion of the Senior Notes due 2025 and recorded a net loss of $30.1 million on the early extinguishment of debt, which included $20.0 million of call premium. In September 2021, the Company used $200.0 million of cash on hand to redeem the
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
remaining Senior Notes due 2025 and recorded a net loss on the early extinguishment of debt of $6.2 million, which included $3.3 million of call premium on the retired debt.
Senior Notes due 2027
Principal, interest and maturity. In February 2017, the Company issued €475.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.375% senior notes due 2027 (the "Senior Notes due 2027") to qualified institutional buyers and to purchasers outside the United States, which were later exchanged for new notes in the same principal amount with substantially identical terms, except that the new notes were registered under the Securities Act. The Senior Notes due 2027 will mature on March 15, 2027. Interest on the Senior Notes due 2027 is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15.
Ranking. The Senior Notes due 2027 are not guaranteed by any of the Company's subsidiaries and are unsecured obligations. Accordingly, they:
•rank equal in right of payment with all of the Company's other existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated debt;
•rank senior in right of payment to the Company's future debt and other obligations that are, by their terms, expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Senior Notes due 2027;
•are effectively subordinated in right of payment to all of the Company's existing and future senior secured debt and other obligations (including the credit facility) to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such debt; and
•are structurally subordinated to all obligations of each of the Company's subsidiaries.
Optional redemption. The Company may redeem some or all of the Senior Notes due 2027 prior to March 15, 2022, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of redemption, and a "make-whole" premium. On or after March 15, 2022, the Company may redeem some or all of the Senior Notes due 2027, at once or over time, at redemption prices specified in the indenture governing the Senior Notes due 2027, or the 2027 indenture, and together with the 2025 indenture, the indentures, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of redemption.
Mandatory redemption, offer to purchase and open market purchases. The Company is not required to make any sinking fund payments with respect to the Senior Notes due 2027. However, under certain circumstances in the event of an asset sale or as described under "Change of Control" below, the Company may be required to offer to purchase the Senior Notes due 2027. The Company may from time to time purchase the Senior Notes due 2027 in the open market or otherwise.
Covenants. The 2027 indenture contains covenants that limit, among other things, the Company’s and certain of the Company’s subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional debt, pay dividends or make other restricted payments, consummate specified asset sales, enter into transactions with affiliates and incur liens, and that impose restrictions on the ability of its subsidiaries to pay dividends or make payments to the Company and its restricted subsidiaries, merge or consolidate with another person, and sell, assign, transfer, lease convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets or the assets of its restricted subsidiaries. The 2027 indenture provides for customary events of default (subject in certain cases to customary grace and cure periods), which include nonpayment of principal, premium or interest, breach of covenants, in the 2027 indenture, payment defaults or acceleration of certain other indebtedness, a failure to pay certain judgments and certain events of bankruptcy and insolvency. Generally, if an event of default occurs, the trustee under the 2027 indenture or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Senior Notes due 2027 may declare all the Senior Notes due 2027 to be due and payable immediately. As of November 28, 2021, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.
Change of control. Upon the occurrence of a change in control (as defined in the 2027 indenture), each holder of the Senior Notes due 2027 may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of the Senior Notes due 2027 in cash at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes due 2027 to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase.
Senior Notes due 2031
Principal, interest, and maturity. In February 2021, the Company issued $500.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.50% senior notes due 2031 (the "Senior Notes due 2031") to qualified institutional buyers and to purchasers outside the United States. The Senior Notes due 2031 are unsecured obligations that rank equally with all of the Company’s other existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated debt and will mature on March 1, 2031. Interest on the notes is payable semi-annually
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
in arrears on March 1 and September 1, commencing on September 1, 2021. Costs of associated with the issuance of the notes, representing underwriting fees and other expenses, were capitalized and will be amortized to interest expense over the term of the notes.
Ranking. The Senior Notes due 2031 are not guaranteed by any of the Company's subsidiaries and are unsecured obligations. Accordingly, they:
•rank equal in right of payment with all of the Company's other existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated debt;
•rank senior in right of payment to the Company's future debt and other obligations that are, by their terms, expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Senior Notes due 2031;
•are effectively subordinated in right of payment to all of the Company's existing and future senior secured debt and other obligations (including the credit facility) to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such debt; and
•are structurally subordinated to all obligations of each of the Company's subsidiaries.
Optional redemption. The Company may redeem some up to 40% of the original aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes due 2031 prior to March 1, 2026, at a price equal to 103.5% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of redemption, and a "make-whole" premium. On or after March 1, 2026, the Company may redeem some or all of the Senior Notes due 2031, at once or over time, at redemption prices specified in the indenture governing the Senior Notes due 2031, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of redemption.
Mandatory redemption, Offer to Purchase and Open Market Purchases. The Company is not required to make any sinking fund payments with respect to the Senior Notes due 2031. However, under certain circumstances in the event of an asset sale or as described under "Change of Control" below, the Company may be required to offer to purchase the Senior Notes due 2031. The Company may from time to time purchase the Senior Notes due 2031 in the open market or otherwise.
Covenants. The indenture contains covenants that limit, among other things, the Company’s and certain of the Company’s subsidiaries’ ability to incur liens, other than permitted liens, the Company's subsidiaries ability to incur additional debt, and the Company's ability to merge or consolidate with another person, and sell, assign, transfer, lease convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets or the assets or its subsidiaries. The indenture provides for customary events of default (subject in certain cases to customary grace and cure periods), which include payment failures, failure to comply with covenants, failure to satisfy other obligations under the agreement or related documents, defaults in respect of other indebtedness, bankruptcy, insolvency and ability to pay debts when due, material judgments, pension plan terminations or specified underfunding, and substantial stock ownership changes. Generally, if an event of default occurs, the trustee under the indenture or holders of the Senior Notes due 2031 may declare all the Senior Notes due 2031 to be due and payable immediately. Upon the occurrence of a change in control (as defined in the indenture), each holder of notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of the notes in cash at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon to the date of purchase. As of November 28, 2021, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.
Change of control. Upon the occurrence of a change in control triggering event (as defined in the 2031 indenture), unless the Company has exercised its right, if any, to redeem the Notes in full, each holder of the Senior Notes due 2031 may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of the Senior Notes due 2031 in cash at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes due 2031 to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase.
Short-term Borrowings
Short-term borrowings consist of term loans and revolving credit facilities at various foreign subsidiaries that the Company expects to either pay over the next 12 months or refinance at the end of their applicable terms. Certain of these borrowings are guaranteed by stand-by letters of credit issued under the Company's amended and restated senior secured revolving credit facility.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Principal Payments on Debt
The table below sets forth, as of November 28, 2021, the Company's required aggregate short-term and long-term debt principal payments (inclusive of premium and discount):

| (Dollars in thousands)
2022 | $ | 5,862 |
2023 | — |
2024 | — |
2025 | — |
2026 |
Thereafter | 1,032,285 |
Total future debt principal payments | $ | 1,038,147 |

Interest Rates on Borrowings
The Company’s weighted-average interest rate on average borrowings outstanding during fiscal year 2021, 2020 and 2019 was 4.32%, 4.75% and 5.31%, respectively. The weighted-average interest rate on average borrowings outstanding includes the amortization of capitalized issuance costs, including underwriting fees and other expenses, and excludes interest on obligations to participants under deferred compensation plans.
Dividends and Restrictions
The terms of the indentures relating to the Company's unsecured notes and its amended and restated senior secured revolving credit facility agreement contain covenants that restrict the Company's ability to pay dividends to its stockholders. For information about the Company's dividend payments, see Note 16. As of November 28, 2021, and at the time dividends were paid, the Company met the requirements of its debt instruments.
Subsidiaries of the Company that are not wholly-owned subsidiaries and that are "restricted subsidiaries" under the Company’s indentures are permitted under the indentures to pay dividends to all stockholders either on a pro rata basis or on a basis that results in the receipt by the Company or a restricted subsidiary that is the parent of the restricted subsidiary of dividends or distributions of greater value than it would receive on a pro rata basis.
The terms of the indentures relating to the Company's unsecured notes and its amended and restated senior secured revolving credit facility agreement contain covenants that restrict (in each case subject to certain exceptions) the Company or any restricted subsidiary from entering into any arrangements that would restrict the payment of dividends or of any obligation owed by the restricted subsidiary to the Company or any other restricted subsidiary, the making of any loans or advances to the Company or any other restricted subsidiary, or transferring any of its property to the Company or any other restricted subsidiary.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
NOTE 10: EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Pension plans. The Company has several non-contributory defined benefit retirement plans covering eligible employees. Plan assets are invested in a diversified portfolio of securities including stocks, bonds, cash equivalents and other alternative investments including real estate investment trust funds. Benefits payable under the plans are based on years of service, final average compensation, or both. The Company retains the right to amend, curtail or discontinue any aspect of the plans, subject to local regulations.
Postretirement plans. The Company maintains plans that provide postretirement benefits to eligible employees, principally health care, to substantially all U.S. retirees and their qualified dependents. These plans were established with the intention that they would continue indefinitely. However, the Company retains the right to amend, curtail or discontinue any aspect of the plans at any time. The plans are contributory and contain certain cost-sharing features, such as deductibles and coinsurance. The Company's policy is to fund postretirement benefits as claims and premiums are paid.
The following tables summarize activity of the Company's defined benefit pension plans and postretirement benefit plans:

| Pension Benefits |  | Postretirement Benefits
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| (Dollars in thousands)
Change in benefit obligation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ | 1,264,629 |  |  | $ | 1,261,763 |  |  | $ | 67,361 |  |  | $ | 72,135 |
Service cost | 4,398 |  |  | 4,026 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 48 |
Interest cost | 19,349 |  |  | 30,643 |  |  | 829 |  |  | 1,665 |
Plan participants' contribution | 652 |  |  | 689 |  |  | 4,027 |  |  | 4,282 |
Plan combinations | 2,845 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Actuarial (gain) loss(1) | (26,982) |  |  | 87,443 |  |  | (3,059) |  |  | 1,531 |
Net curtailment loss (gain) | 37 |  |  | (1,009) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Impact of foreign currency changes | (5,958) |  |  | 10,899 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Plan settlements(2) | — |  |  | (64,525) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net benefits paid | (66,907) |  |  | (65,300) |  |  | (11,342) |  |  | (12,300) |
Benefit obligation at end of year | $ | 1,192,063 |  |  | $ | 1,264,629 |  |  | $ | 57,837 |  |  | $ | 67,361 |
Change in plan assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | 1,153,291 |  |  | 1,091,162 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Actual return on plan assets | 33,478 |  |  | 161,856 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Employer contribution | 11,943 |  |  | 20,865 |  |  | 7,315 |  |  | 8,018 |
Plan participants' contributions | 652 |  |  | 689 |  |  | 4,027 |  |  | 4,282 |
Plan settlements(2) | — |  |  | (64,525) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Impact of foreign currency changes | (3,284) |  |  | 8,544 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net benefits paid | (66,907) |  |  | (65,300) |  |  | (11,342) |  |  | (12,300) |
Fair value of plan assets at end of year | 1,129,173 |  |  | 1,153,291 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Unfunded status at end of year | $ | (62,890) |  |  | $ | (111,338) |  |  | $ | (57,837) |  |  | $ | (67,361) |

_____________
(1)Fiscal year 2021 actuarial gains compared to 2020 actuarial losses in the Company's pension benefit plans resulted from changes in discount rate assumptions.
(2)There were no settlement events in fiscal 2021. The increase in pension plan settlements in fiscal year 2020 was primarily due to a voluntary lump-sum, cash-out program offered to vested, terminated U.S. pension plan participants in the last half of the fiscal year 2020. The extent of the funding from the cash-out program exceeded the settlement accounting threshold, and as such in fiscal year 2020, these activities have been categorized as settlements. Pension plan assets were utilized to settle pension obligations for deferred participants that elected to participate in the program.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Amounts recognized in the Company's consolidated balance sheets as of November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, consist of the following:

| Pension Benefits |  | Postretirement Benefits
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
| (Dollars in thousands)
Unfunded status recognized on the balance sheet: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid benefit cost(1) | $ | 98,278 |  |  | $ | 62,161 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Accrued benefit liability – current portion(2) | (9,770) |  |  | (9,663) |  |  | (6,398) |  |  | (7,112) |
Accrued benefit liability – long-term portion(2) | (151,398) |  |  | (163,836) |  |  | (51,439) |  |  | (60,249) |
| $ | (62,890) |  |  | $ | (111,338) |  |  | $ | (57,837) |  |  | $ | (67,361) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial loss | $ | (264,729) |  |  | $ | (296,330) |  |  | $ | (8,956) |  |  | $ | (12,491) |
Net prior service benefit | 182 |  |  | 259 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | (264,547) |  |  | $ | (296,071) |  |  | $ | (8,956) |  |  | $ | (12,491) |

_____________
(1)Included in "Other non-current assets" on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Included in "Accrued salaries, wages and employee benefits" or "Other long-term liabilities" on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit plans was $1.2 billion and $1.3 billion at November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, respectively. Information for the Company's defined benefit plans with an accumulated or projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets is as follows:

| Pension Benefits
| 2021 |  | 2020
| (Dollars in thousands)
Accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets: |  |  |
Aggregate accumulated benefit obligation | $ | 158,815 |  |  | $ | 168,390 |
Projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets: |  |  |
Aggregate projected benefit obligation | $ | 162,243 |  |  | $ | 222,055 |
Aggregate fair value of plan assets | 1,102 |  |  | 48,578 |

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
The components of the Company's net periodic benefit cost were as follows:

| Pension Benefits |  | Postretirement Benefits
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (Dollars in thousands)
Net periodic benefit (income) cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 4,398 |  |  | $ | 4,026 |  |  | $ | 3,377 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 65 |
Interest cost | 19,349 |  |  | 30,643 |  |  | 41,341 |  |  | 829 |  |  | 1,665 |  |  | 3,042 |
Expected return on plan assets | (36,635) |  |  | (41,189) |  |  | (42,098) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of prior service benefit | (65) |  |  | (62) |  |  | (61) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of actuarial loss | 10,428 |  |  | 13,407 |  |  | 13,306 |  |  | 476 |  |  | 324 |  |  | 465 |
Curtailment loss (gain) | 37 |  |  | (650) |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net settlement loss (gain) | 29 |  |  | 14,699 |  |  | (56) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit (income) cost | (2,459) |  |  | 20,874 |  |  | 15,822 |  |  | 1,326 |  |  | 2,037 |  |  | 3,572 |
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial (gain) loss | (21,132) |  |  | (34,821) |  |  | 6,309 |  |  | (3,059) |  |  | 1,531 |  |  | (2,903) |
Amortization of prior service benefit | 65 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 61 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of actuarial loss | (10,428) |  |  | (13,407) |  |  | (13,306) |  |  | (476) |  |  | (324) |  |  | (465) |
Curtailment gain | — |  |  | 742 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net settlement (loss) gain | (29) |  |  | (14,699) |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss | (31,524) |  |  | (62,123) |  |  | (6,880) |  |  | (3,535) |  |  | 1,207 |  |  | (3,368) |
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and accumulated other comprehensive loss | $ | (33,983) |  |  | $ | (41,249) |  |  | $ | 8,942 |  |  | $ | (2,209) |  |  | $ | 3,244 |  |  | $ | 204 |

Assumptions used in accounting for the Company's benefit plans were as follows:

| Pension Benefits |  | Postretirement Benefits
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate | 2.1% |  | 2.8% |  | 4.1% |  | 2.0% |  | 2.8% |  | 4.2%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets | 3.3% |  | 3.8% |  | 4.6% |  |  |  |  |  |
Rate of compensation increase | 3.3% |  | 3.3% |  | 3.4% |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate | 2.4% |  | 2.1% |  | 2.8% |  | 2.4% |  | 2.0% |  | 2.8%
Rate of compensation increase | 3.5% |  | 3.3% |  | 3.3% |  |  |  |  |  |
Assumed health care cost trend rates were as follows: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Health care trend rate assumed for next year |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5.9% |  | 5.4% |  | 5.7%
Rate trend to which the cost trend is assumed to decline |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.9% |  | 4.4% |  | 4.4%
Year that rate reaches the ultimate trend rate |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2044 |  | 2037 |  | 2037

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
For the Company's benefit plans, the discount rate used to determine the present value of the future pension and postretirement plan obligations was based on a yield curve constructed from a portfolio of high quality corporate bonds with various maturities. Each year's expected future benefit payments are discounted to their present value at the appropriate yield curve rate, thereby generating the overall discount rate. The Company utilized a variety of country-specific third-party bond indices to determine the appropriate discount rates to use for the benefit plans of its foreign subsidiaries.
The Company bases the overall expected long-term rate of return on assets on anticipated long-term returns of individual asset classes and each pension plans' target asset allocation strategy based on current economic conditions. For the U.S. pension plan, the expected long-term returns for each asset class are determined through a mean-variance model to estimate 20-year returns for the plan.
Health care cost trend rate assumptions are not a significant input in the calculation of the amounts reported for the Company's postretirement benefits plans. A one percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have no significant effect on the total service and interest cost components or on the postretirement benefit obligation.
Consolidated pension plan assets relate primarily to the U.S. pension plan. The Company utilizes the services of independent third-party investment managers to oversee the management of U.S. pension plan assets.
The Company's investment strategy is to invest plan assets in a diversified portfolio of domestic and international equity securities, fixed income securities and real estate and other alternative investments with the objective to provide a regular and reliable source of assets to meet the benefit obligation of the pension plans. Prohibited investments for the U.S. pension plan include certain privately placed or other non-marketable debt instruments, letter stock, commodities or commodity contracts and derivatives of mortgage-backed securities, such as interest-only, principal-only or inverse floaters. The current target allocation percentages for the Company's U.S. pension plan assets are 15% for equity securities and real estate with an allowable deviation of plus or minus 4% and 85% for fixed income securities with an allowable deviation of plus or minus 4%.
The fair value of the Company's pension plan assets by asset class are as follows:

| Year Ended November 28, 2021
Asset Class | Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
| (Dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,383 |  |  | $ | 2,383 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Equity securities(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. large cap | 54,109 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,109 |  |  | — |
U.S. small cap | 7,710 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,710 |  |  | — |
International | 87,830 |  |  | — |  |  | 87,830 |  |  | — |
Fixed income securities(2) | 939,932 |  |  | — |  |  | 939,932 |  |  | — |
Other alternative investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate(3) | 20,704 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,704 |  |  | — |
Private equity(4) | 182 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 182 |
Hedge fund(5) | 12,473 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,473 |  |  | — |
Other(6) | 3,850 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,850 |  |  | — |
Total investments at fair value | $ | 1,129,173 |  |  | $ | 2,383 |  |  | $ | 1,126,608 |  |  | $ | 182 |

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019

| Year Ended November 29, 2020
Asset Class | Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
| (Dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,337 |  |  | $ | 2,337 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Equity securities(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. large cap | 74,850 |  |  | — |  |  | 74,850 |  |  | — |
U.S. small cap | 14,343 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,343 |  |  | — |
International | 143,408 |  |  | — |  |  | 143,408 |  |  | — |
Fixed income securities(2) | 859,323 |  |  | — |  |  | 859,323 |  |  | — |
Other alternative investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate(3) | 41,699 |  |  | — |  |  | 41,699 |  |  | — |
Private equity(4) | 228 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 228 |
Hedge fund(5) | 11,692 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,692 |  |  | — |
Other(6) | 5,411 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,411 |  |  | — |
Total investments at fair value | $ | 1,153,291 |  |  | $ | 2,337 |  |  | $ | 1,150,726 |  |  | $ | 228 |

_____________
(1)Primarily comprised of equity index funds that track various market indices.
(2)Predominantly includes bond index funds that invest in long-term U.S. government and investment grade corporate bonds.
(3)Primarily comprised of investments in U.S. Real Estate Investment Trusts.
(4)Represents holdings in a diversified portfolio of private equity funds and direct investments in companies located primarily in North America. Fair values are determined by investment fund managers using primarily unobservable market data.
(5)Primarily invested in a diversified portfolio of equities, bonds, alternatives and cash with a low tolerance for capital loss.
(6)Primarily relates to accounts held and managed by a third-party insurance company for employee-participants in Belgium. Fair values are based on accumulated plan contributions plus a contractually-guaranteed return plus a share of any incremental investment fund profits.
The fair value of plan assets are composed of U.S. plan assets of $909.4 million and non-U.S. plan assets of $219.7 million. The fair values of the substantial majority of the equity, fixed income and real estate investments are based on the net asset value of commingled trust funds that passively track various market indices.
The Company's estimated future benefit payments to participants, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate are anticipated to be paid as follows:

| Pension Benefits |  | Postretirement Benefits |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
2022 | $ | 71,382 |  |  | $ | 7,183 |  |  | $ | 78,565 |
2023 | 70,829 |  |  | 6,655 |  |  | 77,484 |
2024 | 71,281 |  |  | 6,230 |  |  | 77,511 |
2025 | 69,352 |  |  | 5,803 |  |  | 75,155 |
2026 | 68,757 |  |  | 5,296 |  |  | 74,053 |
2027-2031 | 328,897 |  |  | 19,773 |  |  | 348,670 |

At November 28, 2021, the Company's contributions to its pension plans for fiscal year 2022 are estimated to be $12.2 million.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
NOTE 11: EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION AND LONG-TERM BENEFIT PLANS
Employee Savings and Investment Plan
The Company's Employee Savings and Investment Plan ("ESIP") is a qualified plan that covers eligible U.S. payroll employees. The Company matches 125% of ESIP participant's contributions to all funds maintained under the qualified plan up to the first 6.0% of eligible compensation. Total amounts charged to expense for the Company's employee investment plans for the years ended November 28, 2021, November 29, 2020 and November 24, 2019, were $16.9 million, $17.3 million and $16.3 million, respectively.
Annual Incentive Plan
The Annual Incentive Plan ("AIP") provides a cash bonus that is earned based upon the Company's business unit and consolidated financial results as measured against pre-established internal targets and upon the performance and job level of the individual. Total amounts charged to expense for this plan for the years ended November 28, 2021, November 29, 2020, and November 24, 2019 were $140.9 million, $51.8 million and $86.6 million, respectively. Total amounts accrued for this plan as of November 28, 2021, and November 29, 2020 were $134.4 million and $49.0 million, respectively.
Long-term Employee Related Benefits
Long-term employee-related benefit liabilities primarily consist of the Company's liabilities for its deferred compensation plans.
Deferred compensation plan for executives and outside directors, established January 1, 2003. The Company has a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for executives and outside directors that was established on January 1, 2003 and amended thereafter. The deferred compensation plan obligations are payable in cash upon retirement, termination of employment and/or certain other times in a lump-sum distribution or in installments, as elected by the participant in accordance with the plan. As of November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, these plan liabilities totaled $73.6 million and $67.9 million. The Company held funds of $80.2 million and $71.2 million in an irrevocable grantor's rabbi trust as of November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, respectively, related to this plan. Rabbi trust assets are classified as available-for-sale marketable securities and are included in "Other current assets" or "Other non-current assets" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized gains and losses on these marketable securities are reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity and included in AOCI on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
Deferred compensation plan for executives, prior to January 1, 2003. The Company also maintains a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for certain management employees relating to compensation deferrals for the period prior to January 1, 2003. The rabbi trust is not a feature of this plan. As of November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, liabilities for this plan totaled $33.1 million and $30.8 million, respectively.
Interest earned by the participants in deferred compensation plans was $15.5 million, $13.8 million and $9.4 million for the years ended November 28, 2021, November 29, 2020 and November 24, 2019, respectively. The charges were included in "Interest expense" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
NOTE 12: STOCK-BASED INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLANS
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $64.9 million, $51.3 million and $79.0 million, and related income tax benefits of $15.4 million, $12.6 million and $19.5 million, respectively, for the years ended November 28, 2021, November 29, 2020 and November 24, 2019, respectively. As of November 28, 2021, there was $68.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested equity and liability awards, which cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.18 years. No stock-based compensation cost has been capitalized in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
2016 Equity Incentive Plan
Prior to the IPO, the Company granted awards under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2016 Plan"), which provided for the granting of a variety of stock awards, including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), stock appreciation rights ("SARs") and cash or equity settled awards to certain employees and non-employee directors. The maximum number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2016 Plan was 80.0 million shares. Upon completion of the IPO, shares that remained available for future grants under the 2016 Plan ceased to be available and the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan became effective. Awards granted before the IPO remain outstanding according to the plan’s terms. Outstanding awards under the 2016 Plan are issuable as Class B common stock and can be voluntarily converted to Class A common stock and sold to the public.
2019 Equity Incentive Plan
In March 2019, in connection with the IPO, the Company’s stockholders adopted the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) which provides for the grant of a variety of stock awards, including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, and cash or equity settled awards to certain employees and non-employee directors. The maximum number of shares of Class A common stock authorized for issuance under the 2019 Plan is 40.0 million shares. At November 28, 2021, there were 31.6 million shares of Class A common stock available for future grants under the 2019 Plan.
2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In March 2019, in connection with the IPO, the Company’s stockholders adopted the Company’s 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2019 ESPP”), which permits participants to purchase a total of 12.0 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock through payroll deductions up to 10% of their earnings, subject to automatic annual increases. Unless otherwise determined by the administrator, the purchase price of the shares will be 85% of the fair market value of the Class A common stock on the date of purchase. At November 28, 2021, there were 11.0 million shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2019 ESPP. The ESPP did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements in fiscal year 2021.
Shares of common stock associated with the above plans will be issued from the Company's authorized but unissued shares and are subject to the Stockholders' Agreement that governs all shares.
Under the 2016 Plan and 2019 Plan, stock awards have a maximum contractual term of ten years, and if applicable, must have an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the grant date. Awards generally vest according to terms determined at the time of grant, or as otherwise determined by the Board in its discretion.
Upon the exercise of a stock-settled SAR, the participant will receive shares of common stock. The number of shares of common stock issued per SAR unit exercised is equal to (i) the excess of the per-share fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date of exercise over the exercise price of the SAR, divided by (ii) the per-share fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date of exercise.
Stock-settled RSUs which include service or performance conditions are issued to certain employees. Each stock-settled RSU is converted to a share of common stock upon vesting and do not have pre-vesting "dividend equivalent rights".
Non-employee members of the Board receive RSUs annually. The RSUs additionally have "dividend equivalent rights" of which dividends paid by the Company on its common stock are credited by the equivalent addition of RSUs.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Equity Awards
SARs. The Company grants SARs, which include service or performance conditions, to a small group of the Company's senior executives and to select levels of the Company's management. SARs with service conditions ("Service SARs") vest from three-and-a-half to four years, and have maximum contractual lives of ten years. SARs with performance conditions ("Performance SARs") were granted prior to fiscal 2017 and were fully vested prior to fiscal year 2020. SARs activity during the year ended November 28, 2021 was as follows:

| Service SARs |  | Performance SARs
| Units |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |  | Units |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
| (Units and dollars in thousands, except weighted-average exercise price) |  |
Outstanding at November 29, 2020 | 11,252 |  |  | $ | 8.72 |  |  | 3.3 |  |  |  | 5,120 |  |  | $ | 6.62 |  |  | 1.8 |  |
Granted | 565 |  |  | 21.35 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (5,932) |  |  | 7.07 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,333) |  |  | 7.25 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | (94) |  |  | 17.81 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at November 28, 2021 | 5,791 |  |  | $ | 11.50 |  |  | 4.4 |  |  |  | 2,787 |  |  | $ | 6.10 |  |  | 1.2 |  |
Vested and expected to vest at November 24, 2020 | 5,780 |  |  | $ | 11.50 |  |  | 4.4 |  | $ | 90,820 |  |  | 2,787 |  |  | $ | 6.10 |  |  | 1.2 |  | $ | 58,810 |
Exercisable at November 28, 2021 | 3,894 |  |  | $ | 8.62 |  |  | 2.9 |  | $ | 72,341 |  |  | 2,787 |  |  | $ | 6.10 |  |  | 1.2 |  | $ | 58,810 |

The aggregate intrinsic values are calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying SARs and the fair value of the Company's common stock that were in-the-money at that date.

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in thousands)
Aggregate intrinsic value of Service SARs exercised during the year | $ | 119,509 |  |  | $ | 44,119 |  |  | $ | 54,045 |
Aggregate intrinsic value of Performance SARs exercised during the year | $ | 45,364 |  |  | $ | 30,953 |  |  | $ | 27,776 |

Unrecognized future compensation costs as of November 28, 2021 of $3.9 million for Service SARs are expected to be recognized over weighted-average periods of 1.9 years.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
The weighted-average grant date fair value of SARs was estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The weighted-average grant date fair values and corresponding weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option valuation model were as follows:

| Service SARs Granted
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Weighted-average grant date fair value | $ | 9.88 |  |  | $ | 6.44 |  |  | $ | 4.49 |
Weighted-average assumptions: |  |  |  |  |
Expected life (in years) | 7.1 |  | 7.0 |  | 5.0
Expected volatility | 49.3 | % |  | 36.6 | % |  | 37.5 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 0.8 | % |  | 1.4 | % |  | 2.5 | %
Expected dividend | 0.8 | % |  | 1.6 | % |  | 2.0 | %

RSUs. The Company grants RSUs, which include service or performance conditions, to a small group of the Company's senior executives and to select levels of the Company's management. RSUs with service conditions ("Service RSUs") granted vest in four annual equal installments of 25% beginning on the first anniversary of the date granted subject to continued employment. RSUs with performance conditions ("Performance RSUs") vest at varying unit amounts, up to 200% of those awarded, based on the attainment of certain three-year cumulative performance goals over a three-year performance period subject to continued employment. Service and Performance RSU activity during the year ended November 28, 2021 was as follows:

| Service RSUs |  | Performance RSUs
| Units |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |  | Units |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
| (Units in thousands)
Outstanding at November 29, 2020 | 4,346 |  |  | $ | 16.71 |  |  | 2.2 |  | 3,163 |  |  | $ | 18.11 |  |  | 1.0
Granted | 1,790 |  |  | 21.78 |  |  |  |  | 840 |  |  | 27.33 |  |  |
Vested | (1,689) |  |  | 16.03 |  |  |  |  | (1,336) |  |  | 15.98 |  |  |
Performance adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (43) |  |  | 16.03 |  |  |
Forfeited | (352) |  |  | 18.74 |  |  |  |  | (189) |  |  | 25.11 |  |  |
Outstanding at November 28, 2021 | 4,095 |  |  | $ | 19.02 |  |  | 2.4 |  | 2,435 |  |  | $ | 24.81 |  |  | 1.5

The total fair value of Service RSU awards vested during 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $35.5 million, $88.6 million and $1.6 million, respectively. The total fair value of Performance RSU awards vested during 2021 and 2020 was $28.4 million and $49.0 million, respectively. Unrecognized future compensation cost as of November 28, 2021 of $42.1 million for Service RSUs and $16.2 million for Performance RSUs is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 and 1.5, respectively.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
The grant date fair value of Service and Performance RSUs was based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the time of grant, unless the awards were subject to market conditions, in which case the Monte Carlo simulation model was utilized. During 2021, 2020 and 2019, the weighted-average grant date fair value for Service and Performance RSUs granted without a market condition were $21.78, $18.80 and $15.56, respectively. The weighted-average grant date fair value and corresponding weighted-average assumptions used in the Monte Carlo valuation models were as follows:

| Performance RSUs Granted
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019(1)
Weighted-average grant date fair value | $ | 27.33 |  |  | $ | 25.87 |  |  | $ | 17.95 |
Weighted-average assumptions: |  |  |  |  |
Expected life (in years) | 2.8 |  | 2.8 |  | 2.8
Expected volatility | 54.3 | % |  | 37.6 | % |  | 37.5 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 0.2 | % |  | 1.4 | % |  | 2.3 | %
Expected dividend | 0.8 | % |  | 1.5 | % |  | 1.9 | %

____________
(1)The weighted-average information is presented for awards granted during 2019 without including replacement awards granted in connection with the IPO in March 2019, where the Company’s Board of Directors approved the cancellation of the majority of the outstanding unvested cash-settled RSUs and their concurrent replacement with similar stock-settled RSUs. Refer to Note 1 for more information. The weighted-average grant date fair value for the Performance RSUs granted as replacement awards is $28.78 and the weighted-average assumptions include an expected life of 1.5 years, an expected volatility of 36.3%, a risk-free interest rate of 2.5% and an expected dividend of 1.7%.
RSUs to the Board of Directors. The Company grants RSUs to certain members of its Board ("Board RSUs"). The total fair value of Board RSUs granted during the year ended November 28, 2021 of $2.0 million was estimated using the fair value of the Company's common stock. The total fair value of RSUs outstanding, vested and expected to vest was $12.7 million and $9.9 million as of November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, respectively.
Board RSUs vest in a series of three equal installments at 13 months, 24 months and 36 months following the date of grant subject to continued service. However, if the recipient's continuous service terminates for a reason other than cause after the first vesting installment, but prior to full vesting, then the remaining unvested portion of the award becomes fully vested as of the date of such termination.
Liability Awards
In connection with the IPO, on March 19, 2019 the Company's Board of Directors approved the cancellation of the majority of the outstanding unvested cash-settled restricted stock units ("RSU's") and their concurrent replacement with similar stock-settled RSUs ("Replacement Awards"), pursuant to the Company's 2016 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2016 Plan"). RSUs for certain foreign affiliates will continue to be cash-settled. Upon vesting of a phantom restricted stock unit, the participant will receive a cash payout in an amount equal to the vested units multiplied by the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the end of the service or performance period.
Phantom restricted stock units with service conditions ("Phantom Service RSUs") granted vest in four annual equal installments of 25% beginning on the first anniversary of the date granted subject to continued employment. Phantom restricted stock units with performance conditions ("Phantom Performance RSUs") vest at varying unit amounts, up to 200% of those awarded, based on attainment of certain three-year cumulative performance goals and subject to continued employment.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
The total fair value of Phantom Service RSUs and Phantom Performance RSUs granted during the year ended November 28, 2021 was $4.8 million and $0.5 million, respectively, at the grant date. The total fair value of Phantom Service RSUs vested during 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $2.2 million, $6.3 million and $52.9 million, respectively. The total fair value of Phantom Performance RSUs vested during 2021 and 2020 was $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The weighted-average fair value of Phantom Service RSUs at the grant date was estimated based on the fair value of the Company's common stock. The Company accrued $5.4 million for Phantom Service RSUs and Phantom Performance RSUs as of November 28, 2021.
Unrecognized future compensation cost as of November 28, 2021 of $5.8 million for Phantom Service RSUs and $0.5 million for Phantom Performance RSUs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 and 1.3, respectively.
NOTE 13: RESTRUCTURING
In April 2020, the Company began to implement a restructuring initiative designed to reduce costs, streamline operations and support agility. In October 2020, the Company realigned its top level organization to support its new strategies, which became effective in fiscal year 2021. The final phase of the reorganization, which supported the ongoing efforts to create an integrated global commercial organization and the separation of the Dockers® business, was completed in fiscal year 2021.
The initiative included the elimination of approximately 15% of the Company's global non-retail and non-manufacturing positions and is expected to result in approximately $100 million in annual cost savings.
For the years ended November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, the Company recognized restructuring charges of $8.3 million and $90.4 million, respectively, which were recorded on a separate line item in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The charges primarily relate to severance benefits, based on separation benefits provided by Company policy or statutory benefit plans. As of November 28, 2021, $98.7 million of restructuring charges related to this initiative have been recorded to date. The Company does not anticipate any significant additional costs associated with the restructuring initiative.
The following tables summarize the activities associated with restructuring liabilities for the years ended November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020. In the table below, "Charges" represents the initial charge related to the restructuring activity, "Payments" consists of cash payments for severance and employee-related benefits and other, and "Foreign Currency Fluctuations and Other Adjustments" includes foreign currency fluctuations as well as revisions of estimates related to severance and employee-related benefits and other. As of November 28, 2021, $19.1 million and $2.7 million were classified as restructuring liabilities and other long-term liabilities, respectively, within the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

| Year Ended November 28, 2021
| Liabilities |  | Charges(1) |  |  |  | Payments |  | Foreign Currency Fluctuations and Other Adjustments |  | Liabilities
November 29, 2020 |  | November 28, 2021
| (Dollars in thousands)
Severance and employee-related benefits | $ | 60,604 |  |  | $ | 5,383 |  |  |  |  | $ | (44,032) |  |  | $ | (542) |  |  | $ | 21,413 |
Other | 417 |  |  | 302 |  |  |  |  | (353) |  |  | (9) |  |  | 357 |
Total | $ | 61,021 |  |  | $ | 5,685 |  |  |  |  | $ | (44,385) |  |  | $ | (551) |  |  | $ | 21,770 |

_____________
(1) Excludes $2.6 million of pension and postretirement curtailment losses recorded in AOCI during the year ended November 28, 2021.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019

| Year Ended November 29, 2020
| Liabilities |  | Charges(1) |  |  |  | Payments |  | Foreign Currency Fluctuations and Other Adjustments |  | Liabilities
November 24, 2019 |  | November 29, 2020
| (Dollars in thousands)
Severance and employee-related benefits | $ | — |  |  | $ | 85,002 |  |  |  |  | $ | (24,394) |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | 60,604 |
Other | — |  |  | 1,781 |  |  |  |  | (313) |  |  | (1,051) |  |  | 417 |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 86,783 |  |  |  |  | $ | (24,707) |  |  | $ | (1,055) |  |  | $ | 61,021 |

_____________
(1) Excludes $3.7 million of pension and postretirement curtailment losses recorded in AOCI during the year ended November 29, 2020.
NOTE 14: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Forward Foreign Exchange Contracts
The Company uses over-the-counter derivative instruments to manage its exposure to foreign currencies. The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to the forward foreign exchange contracts. However, the Company believes that its exposures are appropriately diversified across counterparties and that these counterparties are creditworthy financial institutions. See Note 7 for additional information.
Guarantees
Indemnification agreements. In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into agreements containing indemnification provisions under which the Company agrees to indemnify the other party for specified claims and losses. For example, the Company's trademark license agreements, real estate leases, consulting agreements, logistics outsourcing agreements, securities purchase agreements and credit agreements typically contain such provisions. This type of indemnification provision obligates the Company to pay certain amounts associated with claims brought against the other party as the result of trademark infringement, negligence or willful misconduct of Company employees, breach of contract by the Company including inaccuracy of representations and warranties, specified lawsuits in which the Company and the other party are co-defendants, product claims and other matters. These amounts generally are not readily quantifiable; the maximum possible liability or amount of potential payments that could arise out of an indemnification claim depends entirely on the specific facts and circumstances associated with the claim. The Company has insurance coverage that minimizes the potential exposure to certain of such claims. The Company also believes that the likelihood of material payment obligations under these agreements to third parties is low.
Other Contingencies
Litigation. In the ordinary course of business, the Company has various claims, complaints and pending cases, including contractual matters, facility and employee-related matters, distribution matters, product liability matters, intellectual property matters, bankruptcy preference matters, and tax and administrative matters. The Company establishes loss provisions for these ordinary course claims as well as other matters in which losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated. The Company does not believe any of these pending legal proceedings will have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Customs Duty Audits. The Company imports both raw materials and finished garments into all of its geographic regions and as such, is subject to numerous countries' complex customs laws and regulations with respect to its import and export activity. The Company has various pending audit assessments in connection with these activities. As November 28, 2021, the Company has recorded certain reserves for these matters which are not material. The Company does not believe any of the claims for customs duty and related charges have merit, the ultimate resolution of these assessments and legal proceedings are subject to risk and uncertainty.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Inventory Purchase Commitments. The Company also has minimum inventory purchase commitments, including fabric commitments, with suppliers that secure a portion of material needs for future seasons. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic and in response to decreased demand, some of the Company's orders were canceled and incremental liabilities for the estimated adverse purchase commitments were recorded beginning in the second quarter of fiscal 2020. As of November 28, 2021, an immaterial amount of adverse purchase commitments, which primarily relate to fabric liabilities as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, were included in "Other accrued liabilities" in the Company's accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
NOTE 15: LEASES
The Company primarily leases retail store space, certain distribution and warehouse facilities, office space, equipment and other non-real estate assets. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception and begins recording lease activity at the commencement date, which is generally the date on which the Company takes possession of or controls the physical use of the asset. Right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term with lease expense recognized on a straight-line basis. The Company's incremental borrowing rates, which are based on the information available at commencement date, are used to determine the present value of future lease payments unless the implicit rate is readily determinable. Lease agreements may contain rent escalation clauses, renewal or termination options, rent holidays or certain landlord incentives, including tenant improvement allowances. ROU assets are reduced by the amount of any lease incentives. The lease term includes the non-cancelable period of the lease and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option. Certain lease agreements include variable lease payments, which are based on a percent of retail sales over specified levels or adjust periodically for inflation.
Lease expense is recognized in SG&A within the Company's consolidated statements of operations, based on the underlying nature of the leased asset. For the years ended November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, lease expense primarily consisted of operating lease costs of $345.4 million and $317.4 million, respectively, including $65.3 million and $47.3 million primarily related to variable lease costs and $9.6 million and $4.2 million of short-term lease costs. As of and for the year ended November 28, 2021, finance leases were not a material component of the Company's lease portfolio.
The Company reviews its ROU assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may be impaired. Impairment losses are measured and recorded for the excess of carrying value over its fair value, estimated based on expected future cash flows and other quantitative and qualitative factors. Due to the anticipated COVID-19 related impact on foot traffic and consumer spending trends, expected future cash flows decreased. As a result, the Company recorded $11.3 million and $44.3 million, respectively, related to the impairment of certain store ROU assets during the years ended November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020. The impairment charges are included in SG&A in the Company's accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Amounts of future undiscounted cash flows related to operating lease payments over the lease term are as follows and are reconciled to the present value of the operating lease liabilities as recorded in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

| November 28, 2021
| (Dollars in thousands)
2022 | $ | 262,688 |
2023 | 233,169 |
2024 | 194,119 |
2025 | 154,999 |
2026 | 120,861 |
Thereafter | 326,225 |
Total undiscounted future cash flows related to lease payments | 1,292,061 |
Less: Interest | 77,210 |
Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 1,214,851 |

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
The following table includes the weighted average remaining lease terms, in years, and the weighted average discount rate used to calculate the present value of operating lease liabilities:

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) | 6.5 |  | 5.8
Weighted-average discount rate | 2.00 | % |  | 2.16 | %

The table below includes supplemental cash and non-cash information related to operating leases:

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
| (Dollars in thousands) |  | (Dollars in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |
Operating cash outflows from operating leases | $ | 262,908 |  |  | $ | 237,265 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (1) | $ | 415,832 |  |  | $ | 151,345 |

_____________
(1) November 29, 2020 amount excludes the amount initially capitalized in conjunction with the adoption of Topic 842.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
NOTE 16: DIVIDEND
Dividends are declared at the discretion of the Board. In January, April, July and October 2021, the Company declared cash dividends of $0.04, $0.06, $0.08 and $0.08 per share, respectively, to holders of record of its Class A and Class B common stock. A total of $104.4 million in dividends were paid during the year.
In 2020, the Company paid two cash dividends of $0.08 per share totaling $63.6 million, the first dividend paid in the first quarter and the second dividend paid in the second quarter. In 2019, the Company paid two cash dividends totaling $113.9 million, the first dividend was $55.0 million paid in the first quarter and the second dividend was $58.9 million paid in the fourth quarter.
The Company does not have an established dividend policy. The Board reviews the Company's ability to pay dividends on an ongoing basis and establishes the dividend amount based on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, current and projected cash flows and other factors, and any restrictions related to the terms of the Company’s debt agreements.
Subsequent to the Company's fiscal 2021 year end, the Board declared a cash dividend of $0.10 per share to holders of record of its Class A and Class B common stock at the close of business on February 9, 2022, for a total quarterly dividend of approximately $40 million.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
NOTE 17: ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income is summarized below:

| Levi Strauss & Co. |  | Noncontrolling Interest(1) |  |
| Pension and Postretirement Benefits |  | Translation Adjustments |  | Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Marketable Securities |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Derivative Instruments |  | Foreign Currency Translation |  |  | Total |  | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Totals
| (Dollars in thousands)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at November 25, 2018 | $ | (229,023) |  |  | $ | (39,887) |  |  | $ | (158,622) |  |  | $ | 2,948 |  |  | $ | (424,584) |  |  | $ | 9,304 |  |  | $ | (415,280) |
Gross changes | 10,248 |  |  | 19,026 |  |  | (7,562) |  |  | 4,362 |  |  | 26,074 |  |  | 312 |  |  | 26,386 |
Tax | (2,084) |  |  | (4,097) |  |  | 727 |  |  | (1,022) |  |  | (6,476) |  |  | — |  |  | (6,476) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 8,164 |  |  | 14,929 |  |  | (6,835) |  |  | 3,340 |  |  | 19,598 |  |  | 312 |  |  | 19,910 |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at November 24, 2019 | (220,859) |  |  | (24,958) |  |  | (165,457) |  |  | 6,288 |  |  | (404,986) |  |  | 9,616 |  |  | (395,370) |
Gross changes | 60,915 |  |  | (55,242) |  |  | 10,493 |  |  | 9,758 |  |  | 25,924 |  |  | (9,616) |  |  | 16,308 |
Tax | (15,088) |  |  | 13,747 |  |  | (3,677) |  |  | (2,922) |  |  | (7,940) |  |  | — |  |  | (7,940) |
Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting standards (2) | (47,313) |  |  | (8,003) |  |  | — |  |  | 872 |  |  | (54,444) |  |  | — |  |  | (54,444) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (1,486) |  |  | (49,498) |  |  | 6,816 |  |  | 7,708 |  |  | (36,460) |  |  | (9,616) |  |  | (46,076) |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at November 29, 2020 | (222,345) |  |  | (74,456) |  |  | (158,641) |  |  | 13,996 |  |  | (441,446) |  |  | — |  |  | (441,446) |
Gross changes | 35,059 |  |  | 69,735 |  |  | (51,016) |  |  | 5,662 |  |  | 59,440 |  |  | — |  |  | 59,440 |
Tax | (8,195) |  |  | (16,193) |  |  | 12,894 |  |  | (887) |  |  | (12,381) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,381) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax | 26,864 |  |  | 53,542 |  |  | (38,122) |  |  | 4,775 |  |  | 47,059 |  |  | — |  |  | 47,059 |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income at November 28, 2021 | $ | (195,481) |  |  | $ | (20,914) |  |  | $ | (196,763) |  |  | $ | 18,771 |  |  | $ | (394,387) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (394,387) |

_____________
(1)On January 9, 2020, Company completed an all cash tender offer for the acquisition of the remaining minority interest shares of Levi Strauss Japan K.K. Refer to Note 1 for additional information.
(2)Impact relates to the adoption of ASU 2018-02 Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220).
No material amounts were reclassified out of "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" into net income (loss) other than those that pertain to the Company's derivative instruments and pension and post retirement benefit plans. For additional information, see Note 7 and Note 10, respectively.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
NOTE 18: NET REVENUES
Disaggregated Revenue
The table below provides the Company's revenues disaggregated by segment and channel.

| Year Ended November 28, 2021
| Levi's Brands |  |  |  |
| Americas |  | Europe |  | Asia |  |  |  | Other Brands |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
Net revenues by channel: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wholesale | $ | 2,061,330 |  |  | $ | 1,003,844 |  |  | $ | 389,327 |  |  |  |  | $ | 206,901 |  |  | $ | 3,661,402 |
Direct-to-consumer | 873,496 |  |  | 700,174 |  |  | 445,322 |  |  |  |  | 83,542 |  |  | 2,102,534 |
Total net revenues | $ | 2,934,826 |  |  | $ | 1,704,018 |  |  | $ | 834,649 |  |  |  |  | $ | 290,443 |  |  | $ | 5,763,936 |

| Year Ended November 29, 2020(1)
| Levi's Brands |  |  |  |
| Americas |  | Europe |  | Asia |  |  |  | Other Brands |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
Net revenues by channel: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wholesale | $ | 1,500,043 |  |  | $ | 776,947 |  |  | $ | 291,880 |  |  |  |  | $ | 154,435 |  |  | $ | 2,723,305 |
Direct-to-consumer | 687,856 |  |  | 614,817 |  |  | 371,511 |  |  |  |  | 55,120 |  |  | 1,729,304 |
Total net revenues | $ | 2,187,899 |  |  | $ | 1,391,764 |  |  | $ | 663,391 |  |  |  |  | $ | 209,555 |  |  | $ | 4,452,609 |

_____________
(1)For the year ended November 29, 2020, net revenues from both channels were adversely impacted by temporary store closures and reduced traffic and consumer demand as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the majority of the impact occurring in the second quarter when most company-operated and wholesale customer doors were temporarily closed. See Note 1 for more information.

| Year Ended November 24, 2019
| Levi's Brands |  |  |  |
| Americas |  | Europe |  | Asia |  |  |  | Other Brands |  | Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
Net revenues by channel: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wholesale | $ | 1,917,249 |  |  | $ | 958,633 |  |  | $ | 492,334 |  |  |  |  | $ | 292,303 |  |  | $ | 3,660,519 |
Direct-to-consumer | 853,834 |  |  | 748,836 |  |  | 433,786 |  |  |  |  | 66,112 |  |  | 2,102,568 |
Total net revenues | $ | 2,771,083 |  |  | $ | 1,707,469 |  |  | $ | 926,120 |  |  |  |  | $ | 358,415 |  |  | $ | 5,763,087 |

At November 28, 2021, the Company did not have any material contract assets and or contract liabilities recorded in the consolidated balance sheets.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
NOTE 19: OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET
The following table summarizes significant components of "Other income (expense), net":

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in thousands)
Foreign exchange management (losses) gains(1) | $ | (14,801) |  |  | $ | 2,299 |  |  | $ | 126 |
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses)(2) | 5,859 |  |  | (18,057) |  |  | (6,231) |
Interest income | 2,542 |  |  | 8,390 |  |  | 17,190 |
Investment income | 2,499 |  |  | 1,243 |  |  | 1,509 |
Pension settlement losses(3) | — |  |  | (14,737) |  |  | — |
Other | 7,353 |  |  | (1,612) |  |  | (10,577) |
Total other income (expense), net | $ | 3,452 |  |  | $ | (22,474) |  |  | $ | 2,017 |

_____________
(1)Gains and losses on forward foreign exchange contracts primarily result from currency fluctuations relative to negotiated contract rates. Losses in fiscal year 2021 were primarily due to unfavorable currency fluctuations relative to negotiated contract rates on positions to sell the Euro and the Canadian Dollar.
(2)Foreign currency transaction gains and losses reflect the impact of foreign currency fluctuation on the Company's foreign currency denominated balances. Losses in fiscal year 2020 were primarily due to the U.S. dollar weakening against most currencies during the year.
(3)Pension settlement losses relate to the voluntary lump-sum, cash-out program offered to vested deferred U.S. pension plan participants. See Note 10 for further information.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
NOTE 20: INCOME TAXES
The Company's income tax expense (benefit) was $26.7 million, $(62.6) million and $82.6 million and the Company's effective income tax rate was 4.6%, 33.0% and 17.3% for the years ended November 28, 2021, November 29, 2020 and November 24, 2019, respectively.
The decrease in the effective tax rate in fiscal year 2021 as compared to fiscal year 2020 was primarily driven by a benefit from the foreign-derived intangible income deduction on actual and deemed royalty income and $41.6 million benefit from stock-based compensation exercises which includes state income taxes. The higher effective tax rate in the prior year was driven by a significantly lower income before income taxes.
The increase in the effective tax rate in fiscal year 2020 as compared to fiscal year 2019 was driven by a significant decrease in income before income taxes. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to a $26.1 million benefit from stock-based compensation exercises which includes state income taxes, and a $4.6 million benefit resulting from the carryback of U.S. net operating losses to tax years with a higher federal income tax rate as allowed under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act"), offset with a $18.3 million tax charge for valuation allowance against deferred tax assets.
The Company's income tax (benefit) expense differed from the amount computed by applying the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to income before income taxes as follows:

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in thousands)
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory rate | $ | 121,851 |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | (39,855) |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 100,293 |  | 21.0 | %
State income taxes, net of U.S. federal impact | 9,012 |  | 1.6 | % |  | (5,246) |  | 2.8 | % |  | 4,496 |  | 1.0 | %
Change in valuation allowance | 2,573 |  | 0.4 | % |  | 18,271 |  | (9.6) | % |  | (81) |  | — | %
Impact of foreign operations, net(1) | (3,650) |  | (0.6) | % |  | (8,868) |  | 4.7 | % |  | 7,132 |  | 1.5 | %
Foreign-derived intangible income benefit ("FDII") | (65,955) |  | (11.4) | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | (11,918) |  | (2.5) | %
Reassessment of tax liabilities | (768) |  | (0.1) | % |  | (1,531) |  | 0.7 | % |  | (6,480) |  | (1.4) | %
Stock-based compensation | (36,871) |  | (6.4) | % |  | (22,332) |  | 11.8 | % |  | (15,730) |  | (3.3) | %
Other, including non-deductible expenses | 507 |  | 0.1 | % |  | 1,547 |  | (0.8) | % |  | 4,892 |  | 1.0 | %
Change in tax law | — |  | — | % |  | (4,628) |  | 2.4 | % |  | — |  | — | %
Total | $ | 26,699 |  | 4.6 | % |  | $ | (62,642) |  | 33.0 | % |  | $ | 82,604 |  | 17.3 | %

___________
(1)Included in the Impact of foreign operations, net are foreign rate differential, Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income ("GILTI") and the tax impact of actual and deemed repatriations of foreign earnings net of foreign tax credits. Fiscal year 2021 also included $15.2 million of net tax benefits related to an international intellectual property transaction.
Impact of foreign operations. The tax benefit in fiscal year 2021 decreased as compared to fiscal year 2020 primarily due to a mix of lower foreign earnings and the U.S. tax cost from GILTI.
Change in valuation allowance. The $2.6 million tax charge in fiscal year 2021 is primarily due to net operating losses generated in 2021 for which management concluded that it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized.
Foreign-derived intangible income benefit. The $66.0 million tax benefit is a result of earnings from the actual and deemed royalty income eligible for FDII deduction in 2021.
Change in tax law. The $4.6 million tax benefit in fiscal year 2020 is comprised of a $38.5 million benefit for carrying back fiscal year 2020 U.S. losses to prior years at a higher tax rate, partially offset by a $27.6 million write off of previously used foreign tax credits that will expire un-utilized because of the aforementioned carryback. In addition, $6.3 million of foreign tax credits expired in 2020 due to the fiscal year 2020 U.S. loss.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
The U.S. and foreign components of income before income taxes were as follows:

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in thousands)
Domestic | $ | 197,460 |  |  | $ | (197,718) |  |  | $ | 120,692 |
Foreign | 382,780 |  |  | 7,935 |  |  | 356,892 |
Total income before income taxes | $ | 580,240 |  |  | $ | (189,783) |  |  | $ | 477,584 |

Income tax expense consisted of the following:

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in thousands)
U.S. Federal |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | 12,885 |  |  | $ | 8,396 |  |  | $ | 13,182 |
Deferred | (25,454) |  |  | (79,676) |  |  | (22,319) |
| $ | (12,569) |  |  | $ | (71,280) |  |  | $ | (9,137) |
U.S. State |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | 7,845 |  |  | $ | 978 |  |  | $ | (2,939) |
Deferred | 1,167 |  |  | (6,435) |  |  | 1,002 |
| $ | 9,012 |  |  | $ | (5,457) |  |  | $ | (1,937) |
Foreign |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | 93,914 |  |  | $ | 23,228 |  |  | $ | 87,324 |
Deferred | (63,658) |  |  | (9,133) |  |  | 6,354 |
| $ | 30,256 |  |  | $ | 14,095 |  |  | $ | 93,678 |
Consolidated |  |  |  |  |
Current | $ | 114,644 |  |  | $ | 32,602 |  |  | $ | 97,567 |
Deferred | (87,945) |  |  | (95,244) |  |  | (14,963) |
Total income tax expense | $ | 26,699 |  |  | $ | (62,642) |  |  | $ | 82,604 |

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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The Company's deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities were as follows:

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
| (Dollars in thousands)
Deferred tax assets |  |  |
Foreign tax credit carryforwards | $ | 147,817 |  |  | $ | 232,164 |
State net operating loss carryforwards | 12,171 |  |  | 16,054 |
Foreign net operating loss carryforwards | 53,320 |  |  | 58,644 |
Employee compensation and benefit plans | 107,502 |  |  | 102,846 |
Advance royalties | 114,451 |  |  | 10,021 |
Accrued liabilities | 19,301 |  |  | 32,304 |
Sales returns and allowances | 33,958 |  |  | 30,740 |
Inventory | 26,160 |  |  | 25,380 |
Property, plant and equipment | 65,601 |  |  | — |
Unrealized foreign exchange gains or losses | 4,099 |  |  | 18,665 |
Lease liability | 284,591 |  |  | 251,285 |
Other | 22,089 |  |  | 17,898 |
Total gross deferred tax assets | 891,060 |  |  | 796,001 |
Less: Valuation allowance | (45,971) |  |  | (38,543) |
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | 845,089 |  |  | 757,458 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |
U.S. Branches | (31,140) |  |  | (25,330) |
Residual tax liability on unremitted foreign earnings | (137) |  |  | (7,940) |
Property, plant and equipment | — |  |  | (4,531) |
Right of use asset | (256,606) |  |  | (227,054) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (287,883) |  |  | (264,855) |
Total net deferred tax assets | $ | 557,206 |  |  | $ | 492,603 |

Foreign tax credit carryforwards. The foreign tax credit carryforwards at November 28, 2021, are subject to expiration through 2030 if not utilized.
Foreign net operating loss carryforwards. As of November 28, 2021, the Company had a deferred tax asset of $53.3 million for foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $212.0 million. Of these operating losses, $97.3 million are subject to expiration through 2031. The remaining $115.5 million are available as indefinite carryforwards under applicable tax law.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Valuation Allowance. The following table details the changes in valuation allowance during the year ended November 28, 2021:

| Valuation Allowance at November 29, 2020 |  | Changes in Related Gross Deferred Tax Asset |  | Change / (Release) |  | Valuation Allowance at November 28, 2021
| (Dollars in thousands)
Foreign tax credit and U.S. state net operating loss carryforwards | $ | 8,048 |  |  | $ | 1,201 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,249 |
Foreign net operating loss carryforwards and other foreign deferred tax assets | 30,495 |  |  | 3,654 |  |  | 2,573 |  |  | 36,722 |
| $ | 38,543 |  |  | $ | 4,855 |  |  | $ | 2,573 |  |  | $ | 45,971 |

At November 28, 2021, the Company's valuation allowance primarily related to its gross deferred tax assets for state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards which reduced such assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized.
Unremitted earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries. The Company historically provided for U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries unless they were considered indefinitely reinvested outside the United States. The Company reevaluated its historic indefinite reinvestment assertion as a result of the enactment of the Tax Act and determined that any historical undistributed earnings through November 25, 2018 of foreign subsidiaries, as well as most of the additional undistributed earnings generated through November 2021, are no longer considered to be indefinitely reinvested. The deferred tax liability related to foreign and state tax costs associated with the future remittance of these undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries was $7.8 million.
Uncertain Income Tax Positions
As of November 28, 2021, the Company’s total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $30.7 million, of which $28.3 million could impact the effective tax rate, if recognized, as compared to November 29, 2020, when the Company’s total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $32.3 million, of which $28.8 million could have impacted the effective tax rate, if recognized.
The following table reflects the changes to the Company's unrecognized tax benefits for the year ended November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020:

| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020
| (Dollars in thousands)
Unrecognized tax benefits beginning balance | $ | 32,286 |  |  | $ | 36,559 |
Increases related to current year tax positions | 1,157 |  |  | 1,575 |
Increases related to tax positions from prior years | 11 |  |  | 262 |
Decreases related to tax positions from prior years | (1,709) |  |  | (889) |
Settlement with tax authorities | (446) |  |  | (4,322) |
Lapses of statutes of limitation | (396) |  |  | (446) |
Other, including foreign currency translation | (249) |  |  | (453) |
Unrecognized tax benefits ending balance | $ | 30,654 |  |  | $ | 32,286 |

The Company evaluates all domestic and foreign audit issues and believes that it is reasonably possible that total gross unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by as much as $0.2 million within the next twelve months.
As of November 28, 2021 and November 29, 2020, accrued interest and penalties primarily relating to non-U.S. jurisdictions were $1.8 million and $1.2 million, respectively.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
The Company files income tax returns in the United States and in various foreign (including Belgium, Hong Kong, India, Mexico and Russia), state and local jurisdictions. With few exceptions, examinations have been completed by tax authorities or the statute of limitations has expired for United States federal, foreign, state and local income tax returns filed by the Company for years through 2008.
NOTE 21: EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS
Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders adjusts the basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders and the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the potentially dilutive impact of RSUs and stock appreciation rights using the treasury stock method. The following table sets forth the computation of the Company's basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Levi Strauss & Co. | $ | 553,541 |  |  | $ | (127,141) |  |  | $ | 394,612 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic | 401,634,760 |  |  | 397,315,117 |  |  | 389,082,277 |
Dilutive effect of stock awards | 8,143,409 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,283,625 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted | 409,778,169 |  |  | 397,315,117 |  |  | 408,365,902 |
Earnings (loss) per common share attributable to common stockholders: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.38 |  |  | $ | (0.32) |  |  | $ | 1.01 |
Diluted | $ | 1.35 |  |  | $ | (0.32) |  |  | $ | 0.97 |
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculation of diluted earnings per share attributable to common stockholders | 12,973 |  |  | — |  |  | 174,923 |

Diluted net earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Levi Strauss & Co. for the year ended November 29, 2020 excluded all potentially dilutive securities because there was a net loss for the period and, as such, the inclusion of these securities would have been anti-dilutive. Potentially dilutive securities excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per common share were 23.2 million shares for the year ended November 29, 2020.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
NOTE 22: RELATED PARTIES
Charles V. Bergh, President and Chief Executive Officer is a board member of the Levi Strauss Foundation, which is not a consolidated entity of the Company. Seth R. Jaffe, Executive Vice President and General Counsel, is Vice President of the Levi Strauss Foundation. During fiscal years 2021, 2020, and 2019, the Company donated $3.6 million, $9.9 million, and $9.7 million, respectively, to the Levi Strauss Foundation.
NOTE 23: BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company changed its segment reporting as a result of operational changes in support of the ongoing efforts to globally integrate the Levi's Brands business, which includes Levi's, Signature by Levi Strauss & Co.™ and Denizen® brands, and separate the Dockers® business. The Levi's business is defined geographically in three operating segments: Americas, Europe and Asia. The Dockers® business, which is managed separately, will no longer be reported in the three geographical regions of Americas, Europe and Asia.
Therefore, there are three reportable segments: Americas, Europe, and Asia, collectively comprising the Company's Levi's Brands business, and Other Brands, which includes Dockers® and the newly acquired Beyond Yoga® business, which do not meet the quantitative thresholds for reportable segments and therefore are presented under the caption of Other Brands. While this reporting change did not impact consolidated results, the segment data has been recast to be consistent for all periods presented throughout the financial statements and accompanying footnotes.
The Company considers its chief executive officer to be the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The Company’s chief operating decision maker manages business operations, evaluates performance and allocates resources based on the segments’ net revenues and operating income. The Company reports inventories by segment as that information is used by the chief operating decision maker in assessing segment performance. The Company does not report its other assets by segment as that information is not used by the chief operating decision maker in assessing segment performance.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Business segment information for the Company is as follows:

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020(1) |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in thousands)
Net revenues: |  |  |  |  |
Americas | $ | 2,934,826 |  |  | $ | 2,187,899 |  |  | $ | 2,771,083 |
Europe | 1,704,018 |  |  | 1,391,764 |  |  | 1,707,469 |
Asia | 834,649 |  |  | 663,391 |  |  | 926,120 |
Other Brands | 290,443 |  |  | 209,555 |  |  | 358,415 |
Total net revenues | $ | 5,763,936 |  |  | $ | 4,452,609 |  |  | $ | 5,763,087 |
Operating income (loss): |  |  |  |  |
Americas | $ | 660,230 |  |  | $ | 318,738 |  |  | $ | 519,686 |
Europe | 396,386 |  |  | 207,866 |  |  | 350,067 |
Asia | 35,097 |  |  | (21,392) |  |  | 87,490 |
Other Brands | 10,431 |  |  | (3,338) |  |  | 7,172 |
Restructuring charges, net | (8,287) |  |  | (90,415) |  |  | — |
Corporate expenses(2) | (407,646) |  |  | (496,578) |  |  | (397,740) |
Total operating income (loss) | 686,211 |  |  | (85,119) |  |  | 566,675 |
Interest expense | (72,902) |  |  | (82,190) |  |  | (66,248) |
Underwriter commission paid on behalf of selling stockholders | — |  |  | — |  |  | (24,860) |
Loss on early extinguishment of debt | (36,521) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other income (expense), net(3) | 3,452 |  |  | (22,474) |  |  | 2,017 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 580,240 |  |  | $ | (189,783) |  |  | $ | 477,584 |

___________
(1)For the year ended November 29, 2020, the Company's business and results of operations were impacted by temporary store closures and reduced traffic and consumer demand as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the majority of the impact occurring in the second quarter as most company-operated and wholesale customer doors were temporarily closed. Refer to Note 1 for more information.
(2)Corporate expenses for the year ended November 29, 2020 includes incremental COVID-19 related charges that management does not attribute to any of the operating segments in order to provide increased transparency and comparability of segment performance. These charges include $42.3 million of incremental inventory reserves of which $26.3 million, $9.1 million and $6.9 million were related to the Americas, Europe and Asia segments, respectively, and charges for adverse fabric purchase commitments of $1.2 million related to the Asia segment. Net charges related to incremental allowance for doubtful accounts of $5.2 million were recognized, of which $5.0 million and $0.2 million were related to the Americas and Europe segments, respectively. Additionally, the Company recognized $58.7 million in impairment of long-lived assets related to certain retail locations, of which $50.0 million, $6.3 million and $2.4 million, were related to the Americas, Europe and Asia segments, respectively. Refer to Note 1 for additional information.
(3)Includes $14.7 million in pension settlement losses in fiscal year 2020 related to the voluntary lump-sum, cash-out program offered to vested deferred U.S. pension plan participants. See Note 10 for further information.
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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in thousands)
Depreciation and amortization expense: |  |  |  |  |
Americas | $ | 39,137 |  |  | $ | 49,689 |  |  | $ | 41,288 |
Europe | 23,325 |  |  | 22,877 |  |  | 22,897 |
Asia | 13,259 |  |  | 12,656 |  |  | 11,875 |
Other Brands and Corporate | 67,446 |  |  | 56,573 |  |  | 47,882 |
Total depreciation and amortization expense | $ | 143,167 |  |  | $ | 141,795 |  |  | $ | 123,942 |

| November 28, 2021
| Americas |  | Europe |  | Asia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Unallocated |  | Consolidated Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventories | $ | 429,527 |  |  | $ | 175,732 |  |  | $ | 154,864 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 137,827 |  |  | $ | 897,950 |
All other assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,002,119 |  |  | 5,002,119 |
Total assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,900,069 |

| November 29, 2020
| Americas |  | Europe |  | Asia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Unallocated |  | Consolidated Total
| (Dollars in thousands)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventories | $ | 352,648 |  |  | $ | 165,516 |  |  | $ | 162,244 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 137,284 |  |  | $ | 817,692 |
All other assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,823,549 |  |  | 4,823,549 |
Total assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,641,241 |

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LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 28, 2021, NOVEMBER 29, 2020 AND NOVEMBER 24, 2019
Geographic information for the Company was as follows:

| Year Ended
| November 28, 2021 |  | November 29, 2020 |  | November 24, 2019
| (Dollars in thousands)
Net revenues: |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 2,594,482 |  |  | $ | 1,943,522 |  |  | $ | 2,525,325 |
Foreign countries | 3,169,454 |  |  | 2,509,087 |  |  | 3,237,762 |
Total net revenues | $ | 5,763,936 |  |  | $ | 4,452,609 |  |  | $ | 5,763,087 |
Net deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 422,013 |  |  | $ | 404,800 |  |  | $ | 327,980 |
Foreign countries | 151,101 |  |  | 92,756 |  |  | 79,925 |
Total net deferred tax assets | $ | 573,114 |  |  | $ | 497,556 |  |  | $ | 407,905 |
Long-lived assets: |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 358,497 |  |  | $ | 317,102 |  |  | $ | 376,883 |
Foreign countries | 174,097 |  |  | 168,437 |  |  | 194,762 |
Total long-lived assets | $ | 532,594 |  |  | $ | 485,539 |  |  | $ | 571,645 |

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Item 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

Item 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
We have evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") as of November 28, 2021. Based on that evaluation, our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer concluded that as of November 28, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Management's annual report on internal control over financial reporting
Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of November 28, 2021 and concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of such date. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013).
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of November 28, 2021 as stated in their report included under Item 8.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting
We maintain a system of internal control over financial reporting that is designed to provide reasonable assurance that our
books and records accurately reflect our transactions and that our established policies and procedures are followed. There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION

None.

Item 9C. | DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.
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PART III

Item 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information required by this item regarding directors and director nominees, executive officers, the board of directors and its committees, certain corporate governance matters, and compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in the definitive proxy statement for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2022 Proxy Statement”).

Item 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information required by this item regarding executive compensation is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in our 2022 Proxy Statement.

Item 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Information required by this item regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in our 2022 Proxy Statement.

Item 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information required by this item regarding certain relationships and related transactions and director independence is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in our 2022 Proxy Statement.

Item 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Information required by this item regarding principal accounting fees and services is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in our 2022 Proxy Statement.
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PART IV

Item 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

List the following documents filed as a part of the report:
1. Financial Statements
The following consolidated financial statements of the Registrant are included in Item 8:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. Financial Statement Schedule
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
All other schedules have been omitted because they are inapplicable, not required or the information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto.

|  | Incorporated by Reference |
Exhibit Number | Description of Document | Form | SEC File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | Filed Herewith
3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation | 8-K | 001-06631 | 3.1 | 3/25/2019 |
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws | 10-K | 001-06631 | 3.2 | 1/27/2021 |
4.1 | Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1 through 3.2 |  |  |  |  |
4.2 | Form of Class A common stock certificate | S-1/A | 333-229630 | 4.1 | 3/11/2019 |
4.3 | Indenture relating to the 5.00% Senior Notes due 2025, dated April 27, 2015, between the Registrant and Wells Fargo, National Association, as trustee | S-1 | 333-229630 | 4.2 | 2/13/2019 |
4.4 | Indenture relating to the 3.375% Senior Notes due 2027, dated February 28, 2017, between the Registrant and Wells Fargo, National Association, as trustee | S-1 | 333-229630 | 4.3 | 2/13/2019 |
4.5 | Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 28, 2017, between the Registrant and Merrill Lynch International | S-1 | 333-229630 | 4.4 | 2/13/2019 |
4.6 | U.S. Security Agreement, dated September 30, 2011, by the Registrant and certain subsidiaries thereof in favor of JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. | S-1 | 333-229630 | 4.5 | 2/13/2019 |
4.7 | Registration Rights Agreement, dated March 6, 2019, among the Registrant and the stockholders named therein | S-1/A | 333-229630 | 4.6 | 3/6/2019 |
4.8 | Description of Securities |  |  |  |  | X

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4.9 | First Supplemental Indenture, dated April 17, 2020, between the Registrant and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee | 8-K | 001-06631 | 4.1 | 4/17/2020 |
4.10 | Registration Rights Agreement, dated April 17, 2020, between the Registrant and BofA Securities Inc. | 8-K | 001-06631 | 4.2 | 4/17/2020 |
4.11 | Indenture, dated as of February 19, 2021, by and between Levi Strauss & Co. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee | 8-K | 001-06631 | 4.1 | 2/19/2021 |
10.1* | Amended and Restated 2016 Equity Incentive Plan | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.3 | 2/13/2019 |
10.2* | Form of Stock Appreciation Right Grant Notice and Agreement under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.4 | 2/13/2019 |
10.3* | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Grant Notice and Agreement under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.5 | 2/13/2019 |
10.4* | Form of Performance Vested Restricted Stock Unit Award Grant Notice and Agreement under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.6 | 2/13/2019 |
10.5* | 2019 Equity Incentive Plan | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.7 | 2/13/2019 |
10.6* | Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan | S-1/A | 333-229630 | 10.8 | 3/11/2019 |
10.7* | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan | S-1/A | 333-229630 | 10.9 | 3/11/2019 |
10.8 | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan | 10-K | 001-06631 | 10.8 | 1/30/2020 |
10.9 | Form of Performance Vested Restricted Stock Unit Award Grant Notice and Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan | 10-K | 001-06631 | 10.9 | 1/30/2020 |
10.10 | Form of Stock Appreciation Right Grant Notice and Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan | 10-K | 001-06631 | 10.10 | 1/30/2020 |
10.11 | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Agreement for Non-U.S. Participants under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan | 10-K | 001-06631 | 10.11 | 1/30/2020 |
10.12 | Form of Performance Vested Restricted Stock Unit Award Grant Notice and Agreement for Non-U.S. Participants under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan | 10-K | 001-06631 | 10.12 | 1/30/2020 |
10.13 | Form of Stock Appreciation Right Grant Notice and Agreement for Non-U.S. Participants under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan | 10-K | 001-06631 | 10.13 | 1/30/2020 |
10.14* | 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.10 | 2/13/2019 |
10.15* | Excess Benefit Restoration Plan | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.11 | 2/13/2019 |
10.16* | Supplemental Benefit Restoration Plan | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.12 | 2/13/2019 |
10.17* | First Amendment to Supplemental Benefit Restoration Plan | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.13 | 2/13/2019 |
10.18* | Severance Plan for the Worldwide Leadership Team, effective March 1, 2017 | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.14 | 2/13/2019 |
10.19** | Senior Executive Severance Plan, effective January 28, 2020 | 10-K | 001-06631 | 10.19 | 1/30/2020 |
10.20* | Annual Incentive Plan, effective November 25, 2013 | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.15 | 2/13/2019 |
10.21* | Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan for Executives and Outside Directors, effective January 1, 2011 | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.16 | 2/13/2019 |
10.22* | First Amendment to Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan for Executives and Outside Directors, dated August 26, 2011 | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.17 | 2/13/2019 |

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10.23* | Rabbi Trust Agreement, effective January 1, 2003, between the Registrant and Boston Safe Deposit Trust Company | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.18 | 2/13/2019 |
10.24* | Employment Agreement, dated June 9, 2011, between the Registrant and Charles V. Bergh | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.19 | 2/13/2019 |
10.25* | Amendment to Employment Agreement, effective May 8, 2012, between the Registrant and Charles V. Bergh | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.20 | 2/13/2019 |
10.26* | Amendment to Employment Agreement, effective January 30, 2018, between the Registrant and Charles V. Bergh | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.21 | 2/13/2019 |
10.27* | Employment Offer Letter, dated July 18, 2013, and Extension of Assignment Letter, dated July 6, 2016, between the Registrant and Seth Ellison | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.23 | 2/13/2019 |
10.28* | Employment Offer Letter, dated December 10, 2012, between the Registrant and Harmit Singh | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.25 | 2/13/2019 |
10.29* | Form of Amended and Restated Indemnification Agreement, between the Registrant and each of its directors and executive officers | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.26 | 2/13/2019 |
10.30 | Lease, dated July 31, 1979, between the Registrant and Blue Jeans Equities West | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.27 | 2/13/2019 |
10.31 | Amendment to Lease, dated January 1, 1998, between the Registrant and Blue Jeans Equities West | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.28 | 2/13/2019 |
10.32 | Second Amendment to Lease, dated November 12, 2009, among the Registrant, Blue Jeans Equities West, Innsbruck LP and Plaza GB LP | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.29 | 2/13/2019 |
10.33 | Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated May 23, 2017, among the Registrant, Levi Strauss & Co. (Canada) Inc., certain other subsidiaries of the Registrant party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, as Multicurrency Administrative Agent, and the other financial institutions, agents and arrangers party thereto | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.30 | 2/13/2019 |
10.34 | Amendment No. 1 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated October 23, 2018, among the Registrant, Levi Strauss & Co. (Canada) Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Toronto Branch, as Multicurrency Administrative Agent | S-1 | 333-229630 | 10.31 | 2/13/2019 |
10.35* | Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan | 10-Q | 001-06631 | 10.5 | 7/9/2019 |
10.36* | Form of Director Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice and Agreement under the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan | 10-Q | 001-00631 | 10.1 | 10/8/2019 |
10.37 | Amendment No. 2 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of January 5, 2021, by and among the Company, LS Canada, certain other subsidiaries of the Company party thereto, the Agents, and the other financial institutions, agents and arrangers party thereto | 8-K | 001-00631 | 10.1 | 1/7/2021 |
10.38* | Employment Agreement, dated October 27, 2020, between the Registrant and Seth Ellison | 10-K | 001-06631 | 10.40 | 1/27/2021 |
10.39* | Employment Offer Letter, dated October 27, 2020, between the Registrant and Elizabeth O’Neill | 10-Q | 001-00631 | 10.2 | 4/8/2021 |
10.40* | Director Compensation Policy | 10-Q | 001-00631 | 10.1 | 10/6/2021 |

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10.41 | Amendment No. 3 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement among the Registrant, Levi Strauss & Co. (Canada) Inc., the lenders party thereto, JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Toronto Branch, as Multicurrency Administrative Agent | 10-Q | 001-00631 | 10.2 | 10/6/2021 |
10.42 | Amendment No. 4 to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of September 20, 2021, among Levi Strauss & Co., a Delaware corporation, Levi Strauss & Co. (Canada) Inc., the lenders party thereto, JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Toronto Branch, as Multicurrency Administrative Agent |  |  |  |  | X
21.1 | Subsidiaries of the Registrant |  |  |  |  | X
23.1 | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm |  |  |  |  | X
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  | X
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  | X
32.1† | Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  | X
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document |  |  |  |  | X
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  |  |  |  | X
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  | X
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  | X
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  | X
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  | X
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained within Exhibit 101). |  |  |  |  | X

* Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
** Portions of this exhibit have been redacted and filed separately with the Commission, pursuant to a request for confidential treatment granted by the Commission.
† The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not deemed filed with the Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Levi Strauss & Co. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
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SCHEDULE II
LEVI STRAUSS & CO. AND SUBSIDIARIES
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Allowance for Credit Losses | Balance at Beginning of Period |  | Additions Charged to Expenses |  | Deductions(1) |  | Balance at End of Period
| (Dollars in thousands)
November 28, 2021 | $ | 14,688 |  |  | (190) |  |  | 2,899 |  |  | $ | 11,599 |
November 29, 2020 | $ | 6,172 |  |  | 7,858 |  |  | (658) |  |  | $ | 14,688 |
November 24, 2019 | $ | 10,037 |  |  | (978) |  |  | 2,887 |  |  | $ | 6,172 |
Sales Returns | Balance at Beginning of Period |  | Additions Charged to Net Sales |  | Deductions(1) |  | Balance at End of Period
| (Dollars in thousands)
November 28, 2021 | $ | 51,385 |  |  | 312,871 |  |  | 306,814 |  |  | $ | 57,442 |
November 29, 2020(2) | $ | 47,802 |  |  | 295,356 |  |  | 291,773 |  |  | $ | 51,385 |
November 24, 2019(2) | $ | 53,684 |  |  | 259,866 |  |  | 265,748 |  |  | $ | 47,802 |
Sales Discounts and Incentives | Balance at Beginning of Period |  | Additions Charged to Net Sales |  | Deductions(1) |  | Balance at End of Period
| (Dollars in thousands)
November 28, 2021 | $ | 135,966 |  |  | 419,368 |  |  | 402,972 |  |  | $ | 152,362 |
November 29, 2020(2) | $ | 125,065 |  |  | 304,591 |  |  | 293,690 |  |  | $ | 135,966 |
November 24, 2019(2) | $ | 120,704 |  |  | 351,686 |  |  | 347,325 |  |  | $ | 125,065 |
Valuation Allowance Against Deferred Tax Assets | Balance at Beginning of Period |  | Charges/ (Releases) to Tax Expense |  | (Additions)/ Deductions |  | Balance at End of Period
| (Dollars in thousands)
November 28, 2021 | $ | 38,543 |  |  | 4,855 |  |  | (2,573) |  |  | $ | 45,971 |
November 29, 2020 | $ | 19,611 |  |  | 18,271 |  |  | (661) |  |  | $ | 38,543 |
November 24, 2019 | $ | 21,970 |  |  | (81) |  |  | 2,278 |  |  | $ | 19,611 |

_____________
(1)The charges to the accounts are for the purposes for which the allowances were created.
(2)In accordance with ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, adopted in fiscal 2019, allowances for returns, discounts and incentives are presented as current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. In previously issued financial statement schedules, the end of period balances were included within Deductions, presented as additional deductions, to reflect ending balances for asset valuation accounts. The presentation has been updated to reflect both asset valuation accounts and current liabilities associated with sales returns and sales discounts and incentives. This change in presentation did not impact the Company's consolidated financial statements in any period.
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Item 16. | FORM 10-K SUMMARY.

None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: | January 26, 2022 |  | LEVI STRAUSS & CO.
|  |  | (Registrant)
|  | By: | /s/ HARMIT SINGH
|  |  | Harmit Singh Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Charles V. Bergh, Harmit Singh and Seth R. Jaffe, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution for him or her, and in his or her name in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and either of them, his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature | Title |  |
/s/ ROBERT A. ECKERT | Chairperson of the Board | Date: | January 26, 2022
Robert A. Eckert |  |  |
/s/ CHARLES V. BERGH | Director, President and | Date: | January 26, 2022
Charles V. Bergh | Chief Executive Officer |  |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |  |
/s/ TROY ALSTEAD | Director | Date: | January 26, 2022
Troy Alstead |  |  |
/s/ JILL BERAUD | Director | Date: | January 26, 2022
Jill Beraud |  |  |
/s/ SPENCER C. FLEISCHER | Director | Date: | January 26, 2022
Spencer C. Fleischer |  |  |
/s/ DAVID A. FRIEDMAN | Director | Date: | January 26, 2022
David A. Friedman |  |  |
/s/ YAEL GARTEN | Director | Date: | January 26, 2022
Yael Garten |  |  |
/s/ CHRISTOPHER J. MCCORMICK | Director | Date: | January 26, 2022
Christopher J. McCormick |  |  |
/s/ JENNY MING | Director | Date: | January 26, 2022
Jenny Ming |  |  |
/s/ PATRICIA SALAS PINEDA | Director | Date: | January 26, 2022
Patricia Salas Pineda |  |  |
/s/ JOSHUA E. PRIME | Director | Date: | January 26, 2022
Joshua E. Prime |  |  |
/s/ ELLIOTT RODGERS | Director | Date: | January 26, 2022
Elliott Rodgers |  |  |
/s/ LISA STIRLING | Vice President and Global Controller | Date: | January 26, 2022
Lisa Stirling | (Principal Accounting Officer) |  |
/s/ HARMIT SINGH | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | Date: | January 26, 2022
Harmit Singh | (Principal Financial Officer) |  |

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