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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 27, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation, Basis of Presentation and Reclassification—We have one reportable segment, semiconductors and modules. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. We have a 52- or 53-week fiscal year ending on the Friday closest to the last day of September. The fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017 included 52 weeks. To offset the effect of holidays, for fiscal years in which there are 53 weeks, we typically include the extra week arising in our fiscal years in the first quarter. Use of Estimates—The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities during the reporting periods, the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we base estimates and assumptions on historical experience, currently available information and various other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions. Divested Businesses and Discontinued Operations—In the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, we divested AppliedMicro's compute business (the "Compute business"). The operating results of the Compute business are reflected in discontinued operations. In the third quarter of fiscal year 2018, we divested our Japan-based long-range optical subassembly business (the "LR4 business"). The operating results of the LR4 business have been reflected in our continuing operations up through the May 10, 2018 sale date, with the $34.3 million loss on disposal recorded as other expense. See Note 23 - Divested Business and Discontinued Operations for additional information. Foreign Currency Translation and Remeasurement—Our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. While the majority of our foreign operations use the U.S. dollar as the functional currency, the financial statements of our foreign operations for which the functional currency is not the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates (for assets and liabilities) and at average exchange rates (for revenue and expenses). The unrealized translation gains and losses on the net investment in these foreign operations are accumulated as a component of other comprehensive (loss) income. The financial statements of our foreign operations where the functional currency is the U.S. dollar, but where the underlying transactions are transacted in a different currency, are remeasured at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date with respect to monetary assets and liabilities. Nonmonetary assets and liabilities, such as inventories and property and equipment and related statements of operations accounts, such as cost of revenue and depreciation, are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Revenue and expenses, other than cost of revenue, amortization and depreciation, are translated at the average exchange rate for the period in which the transaction occurred. The net gains and losses on foreign currency remeasurement are reflected in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Net foreign exchange transaction gains and losses for all periods presented were not material. Cash and Cash Equivalents—Cash equivalents are primarily composed of short-term, highly-liquid instruments with an original maturity of 90 days or less and consist primarily of money market funds. Investments— Short-term investments: We classify our short-term investments as available-for-sale. Our investments classified as available-for-sale are recorded at fair value based upon third party pricing at period end. Unrealized gains and losses that are deemed temporary in nature are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and loss as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. A decline in the fair value of any security below cost that is deemed other than temporary results in a charge to earnings and the corresponding establishment of a new cost basis for the security. Premiums and discounts are amortized (accreted) over the life of the related security as an adjustment to its yield. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses are included in earnings and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of investments sold. Other investments: We use the equity method to account for investments in companies if the investment provides us with the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investee. Our proportionate share of the net income (loss) resulting from these investments are reported within the Other expense line in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The carrying value of our equity method investment is reported in Other investments in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our equity method investment is reported at cost and adjusted each period for our share of the investee’s income or loss and dividends paid, if any, as well as any changes attributable to the equity of the investee that would impact our ownership. Other investments that are not controlled, and over which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence, are accounted for under the cost method and reported in Other investments in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have elected that our cost method investments, which do not have readily determinable fair values and do not qualify for the practical expedient under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 820, Fair Value Measurement, are carried at cost less any impairment. The investments do not have readily determinable fair values and are periodically evaluated for impairment. An impairment loss would be recorded whenever there is a decline in value of an investment below its carrying amount that is determined to be other than temporary. Refer to Note 5 - Investments, for additional information. Inventories—Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We use a combination of standard cost and moving weighted-average cost methodologies to determine the cost basis for our inventories, approximating a first-in, first-out basis. The standard cost of finished goods and work-in-process inventory is composed of material, labor and manufacturing overhead, which approximates actual cost. In addition to stating inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value, we also evaluate inventory each reporting period for excess quantities and obsolescence, establishing reserves when necessary based upon historical experience, assessment of economic conditions and expected demand. Once recorded, these reserves are considered permanent adjustments to the carrying value of inventory. Property, Plant and Equipment—Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, whereas major improvements that significantly extend the useful life of the assets are capitalized as additions to property and equipment. Property and equipment are depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
Asset Classification | Estimated Useful Life (In Years)
Buildings and improvements | 20 – 40
Capital lease assets | 5 - 20
Computer equipment and software | 2 – 5
Furniture and fixtures | 7 – 10
Leasehold improvements | Shorter of useful life or term of lease
Machinery and equipment | 2 – 7
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets—We have goodwill and certain intangible assets with indefinite lives which are not subject to amortization; these are reviewed for impairment annually as of the end of our August fiscal month end and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets may be impaired. For our assessment of goodwill impairment, we compare the carrying value of the reporting unit to the fair value of the Company. For our assessment of in-service indefinite-lived assets we compare the carrying value of the asset to the estimated fair value of the asset. For indefinite-lived assets not in service, such as in-process research and development, we perform both qualitative and quantitative assessments using an assumption of "more likely than not" to determine if there are any impairment indicators. If impairment exists, a loss is recorded to write down the value of the assets to their implied fair values. During the fiscal year ended September 29, 2017, we recorded impairment charges related to indefinite-lived intangible assets. S ee Note 17 - Impairments, for further detail of these impairment charges. There were no significant expenses related to abandoned in-process research and development projects in any other period presented. Long-Lived Asset Valuation and Impairment Assessment—Long-lived assets include property and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization. We evaluate long-lived assets for recoverability when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Circumstances which could trigger a review include, but are not limited to, significant decreases in the market price of the asset or asset group, significant adverse changes in the business climate or legal factors, the accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of the asset, current period cash flow or operating losses combined with a history of losses or a forecast of continuing losses associated with the use of the asset and a current expectation that the asset will more likely than not, be sold or disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. In evaluating a long-lived asset for recoverability, we estimate the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from our use and eventual disposition of the asset. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset group, an impairment loss, equal to the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset, is recognized. In fiscal year 2019, we recorded impairment charges primarily as a result of restructuring actions initiated during the year. In fiscal year 2018, we recorded impairment charges related to property and equipment and other assets designated for future use with Zhongxing Telecommunications Equipment Corporation ("ZTE"), as a result of the Bureau of Industry and Security ("BIS") denial order on April 15, 2018. There were no impairments of long-lived assets in fiscal year 2017. S ee Note 17 - Impairments, for further detail of these impairment charges. Intangible assets related to in-process research and development acquired are not amortized until the underlying asset begins revenue-generating activity, at which time it is amortized over its estimated useful life. Intangibles related to abandoned in-process research and development projects are expensed in the period the project is abandoned. Other Intangible Assets—Our other intangible assets, including acquired technology and customer relationships, are definite-lived assets and are subject to amortization. We amortize definite-lived assets over their estimated useful lives, which range from five to fourteen years, generally based on the pattern over which we expect to receive the economic benefit from these assets. Revenue Recognition—Substantially all of our revenue is derived from sales of high-performance RF, microwave, millimeterwave and lightwave semiconductor solutions into three primary markets: Telecom, Data Centers and I&D. In fiscal years 2018 and 2017, we recognized revenue under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 605, Revenue Recognition, when: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement existed; (ii) delivery or services had been rendered; (iii) the price was fixed or determinable; and (iv) collectability was reasonably assured. We recognized revenue with the transfer of title and risk of loss and provided for reserves for returns and other allowances. In fiscal year 2019, we recognized revenue within the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of products or services in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements within the scope of ASC 606, we perform the following five steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy performance obligations. Sales, value add and other taxes collected on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue. Our revenue arrangements do not contain significant financing components. Contracts with our customers principally contain only one distinct performance obligation, which is the sale of products. However, due to multiple products potentially being sold on a single order, we are required to allocate consideration based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised products. Periodically, we enter into non-product development and license contracts with certain customers. We generally recognize revenue from these contracts over-time as services are provided based on the terms of the contract. Revenue is deferred for amounts billed or received prior to delivery of the services. Certain contracts may contain multiple performance obligations for which we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on the relative stand-alone selling price. Our product revenue is recognized when the customer obtains control of the product or services, which generally occurs at a point in time, and is based on the contractual shipping terms of a contract. Non-product revenue is generally recognized over time. For each contract, the promise to transfer the control of the products or services, each of which is individually distinct, is considered to be the identified performance obligation. We provide an assurance type warranty which is not sold separately and does not represent a separate performance obligation. Therefore, we account for such warranties under ASC 460, Guarantees, and the estimated costs of warranty claims are generally accrued as cost of revenue in the period the related revenue is recorded. We have agreements with certain distribution customers which may include certain rights of return and pricing programs, including returns for aged inventory, stock rotation and price protection which affect the transaction price. Sales to these customers and programs offered are in accordance with terms set forth in written agreements, which require us to assess the potential revenue effects of this variable consideration utilizing the expected value method. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in our judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. As such, revenue on sales to customers that include rights of return and pricing programs are recorded net of estimated variable consideration, utilizing the expected value method based on historical sales data. We believe that the judgments and estimates we utilize are reasonable based upon current facts and circumstances, however utilizing different judgments and estimates could result in different amounts. Practical Expedients and Elections—ASC 606 requires that we disclose the aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as of the reporting periods presented. The guidance provides certain practical expedients that limit this requirement and, therefore, we do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which revenue is recognized at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed. We have elected not to disclose the aggregate amount of transaction prices associated with unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts where these criteria are met. Our policy is to capitalize any incremental costs incurred to obtain a customer contract, only to the extent that the benefit associated with the costs is expected to be longer than one year. Capitalizable contract costs were not significant both at the date of adoption and as of September 27, 2019. We account for shipping and handling activities related to contracts with customers as costs to fulfill the promise to transfer the associated products. When shipping and handling costs are incurred after a customer obtains control of the products, we have elected to account for these as costs to fulfill the promise and not as a separate performance obligation. Shipping and handling costs associated with the distribution of products to customers are recorded in costs of revenue generally when the related product is shipped to the customer. Research and Development Costs—Costs incurred in the research and development of products are expensed as incurred. Income Taxes—Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities, using rates anticipated to be in effect when such temporary differences reverse. A valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets is required if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We provide reserves for potential payments of tax to various tax authorities related to uncertain tax positions and other issues. Reserves are based on a determination of whether and how much of a tax benefit is taken by us in our tax filings or positions that are more likely than not to be realized following an examination by taxing authorities. We recognize the financial statement benefit of an uncertain tax position only after considering the probability that a tax authority would sustain the position in an examination. For tax positions meeting a “more-likely-than-not” threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the benefit expected to be realized upon settlement with the tax authority. For tax positions not meeting the threshold, no financial statement benefit is recognized. Potential interest and penalties associated with such uncertain tax positions are recorded as a component of income tax expense. Earnings Per Share—Basic net (loss) income per share is computed by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents. Diluted net (loss) income per share reflects the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents, such as stock options, warrants and restricted stock units, using the treasury stock method. Fair Value Measurements—Financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability at the measurement date under current market conditions in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, we group financial assets and liabilities in a three-tier fair value hierarchy, according to the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1—observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities; Level 2—inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which significant assumptions are observable in active markets; and, Level 3—unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, requiring us to develop our own assumptions for model-based valuation techniques. This hierarchy requires us to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. Money market funds are actively traded and consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less. They are measured at their net asset value and classified as Level 1. Corporate and agency bonds and commercial paper are categorized as Level 2 assets except where sufficient quoted prices exist in active markets, in which case such securities are categorized as Level 1 assets. These securities are valued using third-party pricing services. These services may use, for example, model-based pricing methods that utilize observable market data as inputs. We generally use quoted prices for recent trading activity of assets with similar characteristics to the debt security or bond being valued. The securities and bonds priced using such methods are generally classified as Level 2. Broker dealer bids or quotes on securities with similar characteristics may also be used. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities. Share-Based Compensation—We account for all share-based compensation arrangements using the fair value method. We recognize compensation expense over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting period, using the straight-line method for service-based awards and the accelerated method for performance-based awards, and providing that the minimum amount of compensation recorded is equal to the vested portion of the award. We record the expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the same manner in which the award recipients’ salary costs are classified. For restricted stock awards with service conditions we use the closing stock price on the date of grant to estimate the fair value of the awards. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options with service and performance conditions, inclusive of assumptions for risk-free interest rates, dividends, expected terms and estimated volatility. We use the Monte Carlo Simulation analysis to estimate the fair value of stock options and awards with market conditions, inclusive of assumptions for risk free interest rates, expected term, expected volatility and the target price. We derive the risk-free interest rate assumption from the U.S. Treasury’s rates for U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with maturities similar to the expected term of the award being valued. We base the assumed dividend yield on its expectation of not paying dividends in the foreseeable future. We calculate the weighted-average expected term of the options using historical data. In addition, we calculate our estimated volatility using our historical stock price volatility data. In fiscal year 2018 we adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation ("ASU 2016-09"), and upon adoption we elected to account for forfeitures when they occur. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-09 the accounting for share-based compensation required forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differed from those estimates. Share-based awards that are settled in cash are recorded as liabilities. The measurement of the liability and compensation cost for these awards is based on the fair value of the award, and is recorded in operating income over the award’s vesting period. Changes in our payment obligation prior to the settlement date of a stock-based award are recorded as compensation expense in operating income in the period of the change. The final payment amount for such awards is established on the date of the exercise of the award by the employee. Guarantees and Indemnification Obligations—We enter into agreements in the ordinary course of business with, among others, customers, distributors and OEMs. Most of these agreements require us to indemnify the other party against third-party claims alleging that a Company product infringes a patent and/or copyright. Certain agreements in which we grant limited licenses to Company intellectual property require us to indemnify the other party against third-party claims alleging that the use of the licensed intellectual property infringes a third-party's intellectual property. Certain of these agreements require us to indemnify the other party against certain claims relating to property damage, personal injury or the acts or omissions, its employees, agents or representatives. In addition, from time to time, we have made certain guarantees in the form of warranties regarding the performance of Company products to customers. We have agreements with certain vendors, creditors, lessors and service providers pursuant to which we have agreed to indemnify the other party for specified matters, such as acts and omissions, its employees, agents or representatives. We have procurement or license agreements with respect to technology used in our products and agreements in which we obtain rights to a product from an OEM. Under some of these agreements, we have agreed to indemnify the supplier for certain claims that may be brought against such party with respect to our acts or omissions relating to the supplied products or technologies. Our certificate of incorporation and agreements with certain of our directors and officers and certain of our subsidiaries’ directors and officers provide them indemnification rights, to the extent legally permissible, against liabilities incurred by them in connection with legal actions in which they may become involved by reason of their service as a director or officer. As a matter of practice, we have maintained director and officer liability insurance coverage, including coverage for directors and officers of acquired companies. We have not experienced any losses related to these indemnification obligations in any period presented and no claims with respect thereto were outstanding as of September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018. We do not expect significant claims related to these indemnification obligations and, consequently, have concluded that the fair value of these obligations is negligible. No liabilities related to indemnification liabilities have been established. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Pronouncements Adopted in Fiscal Year 2019 We adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, on September 29, 2018. The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") subsequently issued several amendments and updates to the new revenue standard. We refer to ASU 2014-09 and its related ASUs as "ASC 606". We applied ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method and elected to apply this initial application of the standard only to contracts that are not completed at the date of initial application. We have analyzed this effect and found the adoption of the new guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements as of the adoption date. The reported results for our fiscal year 2019 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance while the reported results for our fiscal year 2018 were prepared under the guidance of ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. We adopted ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, on September 29, 2018. In February 2018, the FASB issued further amendments to this guidance. This ASU amended the guidance on the classification and measurement of financial instruments. The new standard significantly revised an entity's accounting related to (1) the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and (2) the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. It also amended certain disclosure requirements associated with the fair value of financial instruments. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We adopted ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, on September 29, 2018. This update addressed debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, distributions received from equity method investees, beneficial interests in securitization transactions and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We adopted ASU 2016-16, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, on September 29, 2018. This update provides guidance that changes the accounting for income tax effects of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. Under the new guidance, the selling (transferring) entity is required to recognize a current tax expense or benefit upon transfer of the asset. Similarly, the purchasing (receiving) entity is required to recognize a deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability, as well as the related deferred tax benefit or expense, upon receipt of the asset. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Pronouncements for Adoption in Subsequent Periods In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases ("ASC 842"). The FASB subsequently issued several amendments and updates to the new leasing standard. The new standard increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the Balance Sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Under ASC 842, leases are classified as either operating or finance, based on criteria similar to current lease accounting, but without explicit bright lines. ASC 842 is effective for us as of September 28, 2019, and we will apply ASC 842 using the cumulative-effect adjustment on this date, with comparative periods presented in accordance with the previous guidance in ASC 840, Leases ("ASC 840"). We will use certain targeted transitional approaches that are intended to provide relief in implementing the new standard which allows us to not reassess previous accounting conclusions around whether arrangements are, or contain, leases; the classification of leases; and the treatment of initial direct costs. We will make an accounting policy election to exclude leases with an initial term of twelve months or less from the Balance Sheet similar to existing guidance for operating leases under ASC 840. We are currently assessing the impact that the adoption of ASC 842 will have on our consolidated financial statements. We currently expect a material impact to the Consolidated Balance Sheet in recognizing additional lease liabilities of $42.0 million to $46.0 million and right-of-use assets of $33.0 million to $37.0 million as of September 28, 2019, primarily related to our operating leases. We will provide enhanced disclosures about our leasing arrangements in our consolidated financial statements for future periods. We do not expect that the new standard will have a material impact on our Consolidated Statements of Operations or Cash Flows. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This update amends the guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available for sale debt securities. For available for sale debt securities, credit losses should be measured in a manner similar to current GAAP; however, this update will require that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. We are evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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