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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 29, 2024
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-35451

MACOM Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 27-0306875
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

100 Chelmsford Street
Lowell, MA 01851
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(978) 656-2500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share | MTSI | Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of April 29, 2024, there were 72,106,577 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

MACOM TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS HOLDINGS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  |  | Page No.
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 1
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 1
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 2
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 29
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 29
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 30
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 30
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 31
Item 5. | Other Information | 31
Item 6. | Exhibits | 32
Signatures | 33

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MACOM TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited, in thousands)

| March 29, 2024 |  | September 29, 2023
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 114,990 |  |  | $ | 173,952 |
Short-term investments | 361,423 |  |  | 340,574 |
Accounts receivable, net | 120,222 |  |  | 91,253 |
Inventories | 177,806 |  |  | 136,300 |
Prepaid and other current assets | 23,997 |  |  | 19,114 |
Total current assets | 798,438 |  |  | 761,193 |
Property and equipment, net | 180,229 |  |  | 149,496 |
Goodwill | 330,373 |  |  | 323,398 |
Intangible assets, net | 93,013 |  |  | 66,994 |
Deferred income taxes | 214,061 |  |  | 218,107 |
Other long-term assets | 60,274 |  |  | 34,056 |
Total assets | $ | 1,676,388 |  |  | $ | 1,553,244 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Current portion of finance lease obligations | $ | 948 |  |  | $ | 1,162 |
Accounts payable | 44,341 |  |  | 24,966 |
Accrued liabilities | 63,564 |  |  | 57,397 |
Total current liabilities | 108,853 |  |  | 83,525 |
Finance lease obligations, less current portion | 31,427 |  |  | 31,776 |
Financing obligation | 9,156 |  |  | 9,307 |
Long-term debt | 447,707 |  |  | 447,134 |
Other long-term liabilities | 33,632 |  |  | 33,902 |
Total liabilities | 630,775 |  |  | 605,644 |
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 12) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Common stock | 72 |  |  | 71 |
Treasury stock, at cost | (330) |  |  | (330) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,935) |  |  | (3,635) |
Additional paid-in capital | 1,283,009 |  |  | 1,214,203 |
Accumulated deficit | (235,203) |  |  | (262,709) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 1,045,613 |  |  | 947,600 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 1,676,388 |  |  | $ | 1,553,244 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
1

MACOM TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Revenue | $ | 181,234 |  |  | $ | 169,406 |  |  | $ | 338,382 |  |  | $ | 349,510 |
Cost of revenue | 86,022 |  |  | 66,716 |  |  | 155,860 |  |  | 136,465 |
Gross profit | 95,212 |  |  | 102,690 |  |  | 182,522 |  |  | 213,045 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 45,621 |  |  | 35,537 |  |  | 85,034 |  |  | 74,369 |
Selling, general and administrative | 34,184 |  |  | 31,249 |  |  | 71,071 |  |  | 64,189 |
Total operating expenses | 79,805 |  |  | 66,786 |  |  | 156,105 |  |  | 138,558 |
Income from operations | 15,407 |  |  | 35,904 |  |  | 26,417 |  |  | 74,487 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 5,366 |  |  | 5,064 |  |  | 10,921 |  |  | 8,749 |
Interest expense | (1,285) |  |  | (3,430) |  |  | (2,574) |  |  | (6,513) |
Other expense, net | — |  |  | (123) |  |  | — |  |  | (178) |
Total other income | 4,081 |  |  | 1,511 |  |  | 8,347 |  |  | 2,058 |
Income before income taxes | 19,488 |  |  | 37,415 |  |  | 34,764 |  |  | 76,545 |
Income tax expense | 4,508 |  |  | 11,660 |  |  | 7,258 |  |  | 21,271 |
Net income | $ | 14,980 |  |  | $ | 25,755 |  |  | $ | 27,506 |  |  | $ | 55,274 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income per share - Basic | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |
Income per share - Diluted | $ | 0.20 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |
Weighted average shares used: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 72,076 |  |  | 70,799 |  |  | 71,750 |  |  | 70,640 |
Diluted | 73,272 |  |  | 71,402 |  |  | 72,779 |  |  | 71,388 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

MACOM TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited, in thousands)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Net income | $ | 14,980 |  |  | $ | 25,755 |  |  | $ | 27,506 |  |  | $ | 55,274 |
Unrealized (loss) gain on short term investments, net of tax | (291) |  |  | 833 |  |  | 1,004 |  |  | 3,380 |
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain, net of tax | (1,248) |  |  | 301 |  |  | 696 |  |  | 1,038 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax | (1,539) |  |  | 1,134 |  |  | 1,700 |  |  | 4,418 |
Total comprehensive income | $ | 13,441 |  |  | $ | 26,889 |  |  | $ | 29,206 |  |  | $ | 59,692 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

MACOM TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited, in thousands)

| Three Months Ended March 29, 2024
|  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
| Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount
Balance as of December 29, 2023 | 72,088 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | (23) |  |  | $ | (330) |  |  | $ | (396) |  |  | $ | 1,274,928 |  |  | $ | (250,183) |  |  | $ | 1,024,091 |
Vesting of restricted common stock and units | 43 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | (11) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (970) |  |  | — |  |  | (970) |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,090 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,090 |
Issuance of common stock as consideration for acquisition | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,039) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,039) |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,539) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,539) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,980 |  |  | 14,980 |
Balance as of March 29, 2024 | 72,120 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | (23) |  |  | $ | (330) |  |  | $ | (1,935) |  |  | $ | 1,283,009 |  |  | $ | (235,203) |  |  | $ | 1,045,613 |

| Six Months Ended March 29, 2024
|  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
| Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount
Balance as of September 29, 2023 | 71,013 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | (23) |  |  | $ | (330) |  |  | $ | (3,635) |  |  | $ | 1,214,203 |  |  | $ | (262,709) |  |  | $ | 947,600 |
Stock option exercises | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 80 |  |  | — |  |  | 80 |
Vesting of restricted common stock and units | 502 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Issuance of common stock pursuant to employee stock purchase plan | 59 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,769 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,769 |
Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | (171) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,522) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,522) |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,747 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,747 |
Issuance of common stock as consideration for acquisition | 712 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57,732 |  |  | — |  |  | 57,733 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,700 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,700 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,506 |  |  | 27,506 |
Balance as of March 29, 2024 | 72,120 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | (23) |  |  | $ | (330) |  |  | $ | (1,935) |  |  | $ | 1,283,009 |  |  | $ | (235,203) |  |  | $ | 1,045,613 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
|  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
| Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | 70,757 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | (23) |  |  | $ | (330) |  |  | $ | (2,567) |  |  | $ | 1,190,137 |  |  | $ | (324,767) |  |  | $ | 862,544 |
Vesting of restricted common stock and units | 212 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | (72) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,878) |  |  | — |  |  | (4,878) |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,460 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,460 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,134 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,134 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,755 |  |  | 25,755 |
Balance as of March 31, 2023 | 70,897 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | (23) |  |  | $ | (330) |  |  | $ | (1,433) |  |  | $ | 1,194,719 |  |  | $ | (299,012) |  |  | $ | 894,015 |

| Six Months Ended March 31, 2023
|  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
| Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount
Balance as of September 30, 2022 | 70,022 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | (23) |  |  | $ | (330) |  |  | $ | (5,851) |  |  | $ | 1,203,145 |  |  | $ | (354,286) |  |  | $ | 842,748 |
Vesting of restricted common stock and units | 1,338 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Issuance of common stock pursuant to employee stock purchase plan | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,320 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,320 |
Shares withheld for taxes on equity awards | (515) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (31,253) |  |  | — |  |  | (31,253) |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,507 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,507 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,418 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,418 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55,274 |  |  | 55,274 |
Balance as of March 31, 2023 | 70,897 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | (23) |  |  | $ | (330) |  |  | $ | (1,433) |  |  | $ | 1,194,719 |  |  | $ | (299,012) |  |  | $ | 894,015 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

MACOM TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited, in thousands)

| Six Months Ended
| March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 27,506 |  |  | $ | 55,274 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and intangibles amortization | 31,486 |  |  | 25,365 |
Share-based compensation | 20,747 |  |  | 20,507 |
Deferred income taxes | 3,706 |  |  | 20,233 |
Other adjustments, net | (1,497) |  |  | (2,784) |
Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (31,327) |  |  | (18,316) |
Inventories | (12,325) |  |  | (8,236) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (3,955) |  |  | (2,857) |
Accounts payable | 19,240 |  |  | (253) |
Accrued and other liabilities | (2,301) |  |  | (17,471) |
Income taxes | 22 |  |  | (715) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 51,302 |  |  | 70,747 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired | (74,813) |  |  | (50,835) |
Purchases of property and equipment | (9,782) |  |  | (15,614) |
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | — |  |  | 8,000 |
Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments | 215,112 |  |  | 261,634 |
Purchases of short-term investments | (230,590) |  |  | (228,157) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (100,073) |  |  | (24,972) |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Payments on finance leases and other | (703) |  |  | (591) |
Proceeds from stock option exercises and employee stock purchases | 2,849 |  |  | 2,320 |
Common stock withheld for taxes on employee equity awards | (12,522) |  |  | (31,253) |
Net cash used in financing activities | (10,376) |  |  | (29,524) |
Foreign currency effect on cash | 185 |  |  | 370 |
NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (58,962) |  |  | 16,621 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS — Beginning of period | 173,952 |  |  | 119,952 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS — End of period | $ | 114,990 |  |  | $ | 136,573 |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities |  |  |
Issuance of common stock in connection with the RF Business Acquisition (See Note 3 - Acquisitions) | $ | 57,733 |  |  | $ | — |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

MACOM TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Unaudited Interim Financial Information—The accompanying unaudited, condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared according to the rules and regulations of the United States (the “U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the condensed consolidated balance sheets, condensed consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows of MACOM Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc. (“MACOM,” the “Company,” “us,” “we” or “our”) for the periods presented. We prepare our interim financial information using the same accounting principles we use for our annual audited consolidated financial statements. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual audited consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted in accordance with prescribed SEC rules. We believe that the disclosures made in our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.
The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 29, 2023 is as reported in our audited consolidated financial statements as of that date. Our accounting policies are described in the notes to our September 29, 2023 consolidated financial statements, which were included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended September 29, 2023 filed with the SEC on November 13, 2023 (the “2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K”). We recommend that the financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Principles of Consolidation, Basis of Presentation and Reclassification—The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the condensed consolidated financial statements, Interest income has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
We have a 52- or 53-week fiscal year ending on the Friday closest to the last day of September. Fiscal years 2024 and 2023 each include 52 weeks. To offset the effect of holidays, for fiscal years in which there are 53 weeks, we include the extra week arising in such fiscal years in the first fiscal quarter.
Use of Estimates—The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities during the reporting periods, the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we base estimates and assumptions on historical experience, currently available information and various other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates and assumptions. The accounting policies which our management believes involve the most significant application of judgment or involve complex estimation, are inventories and associated reserves; revenue reserves; business combinations; goodwill and intangible asset valuation; share-based compensation valuations and income taxes.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements—Our Recent Accounting Pronouncements are described in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
In June 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions, which amends Account Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2022-03”). ASU 2022-03 clarifies guidance for fair value measurement of an equity security subject to a contractual sale restriction and establishes new disclosure requirements for such equity securities. We elected to early adopt ASU 2022-03 on September 30, 2023, and applied the amendment in measuring consideration transferred in the RF Business Acquisition (as defined in Note 3 - Acquisitions). As a result, we have not applied a discount for lack of marketability related to the RF Business Acquisition stockholder restrictions set forth in the asset purchase agreement (discussed in Note 3 - Acquisitions). However, the fair value of the shares was discounted for lack of marketability due to the unregistered shares being transferred and legally restricted from being sold. See Note 3 - Acquisitions for additional information.
7

Pronouncements for Adoption in Subsequent Periods
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which improves disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments and addresses requests from investors and other allocators of capital for additional, more detailed information about a reportable segment’s expenses. The amendments in this update improve financial reporting by requiring disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis for all public entities to enable investors to develop more decision-useful financial analyses. This ASU should be applied on a retrospective basis. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the future effect the adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which require greater disaggregation of income tax disclosures. The amendments in this update improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. Other amendments in this update improve the effectiveness and comparability of disclosures by (1) adding disclosures of pretax income (or loss) and income tax expense (or benefit) and (2) removing disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial or relevant. This ASU should be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted. The guidance in this update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. We are currently evaluating the potential effect of the adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
2. REVENUE
Disaggregation of Revenue
We disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers by markets and geography, as we believe it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
The following tables present our revenue disaggregated by markets and geography (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Revenue by Market: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Industrial & Defense | $ | 90,887 |  |  | $ | 77,194 |  |  | $ | 167,885 |  |  | $ | 154,363 |
Data Center | 43,147 |  |  | 38,324 |  |  | 92,659 |  |  | 79,810 |
Telecom | 47,200 |  |  | 53,888 |  |  | 77,838 |  |  | 115,337 |
Total | $ | 181,234 |  |  | $ | 169,406 |  |  | $ | 338,382 |  |  | $ | 349,510 |

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Revenue by Geographic Region: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 80,161 |  |  | $ | 82,835 |  |  | $ | 149,806 |  |  | $ | 171,423 |
China | 46,190 |  |  | 33,325 |  |  | 82,538 |  |  | 74,481 |
Asia Pacific, excluding China (1) | 26,663 |  |  | 28,008 |  |  | 40,671 |  |  | 49,542 |
Other Countries (2) | 28,220 |  |  | 25,238 |  |  | 65,367 |  |  | 54,064 |
Total | $ | 181,234 |  |  | $ | 169,406 |  |  | $ | 338,382 |  |  | $ | 349,510 |

(1)Asia Pacific primarily represents Australia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand.
(2)No country or region represented greater than 10% of our total revenue as of the dates presented, other than the United States, China and Asia Pacific region as presented above.
Revenue by geographic region is aggregated by customer billing address.
Contract Balances
We record contract assets or contract liabilities depending on the timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections on a contract-by-contract basis. Our contract liabilities primarily relate to deferred revenue, including advanced consideration received from customers for contracts prior to the transfer of control to the customer, and, therefore, revenue is subsequently recognized upon delivery of products and services.
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The following table presents the changes in contract liabilities during the six months ended March 29, 2024 (in thousands, except percentage):

| March 29, 2024 |  | September 29, 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Contract liabilities | $ | 5,214 |  |  | $ | 2,762 |  |  | $ | 2,452 |  |  | 89 | %

During the three and six months ended March 29, 2024, we recognized sales of $0.1 million and $2.5 million, respectively, that were included in the contract liabilities balance as of the beginning of the period. The increase in contract liabilities during the six months ended March 29, 2024 was primarily related to invoicing prior to when our customers obtain control of such products and or services.
3. ACQUISITIONS
RF Business of Wolfspeed, Inc.— On December 2, 2023, we completed the acquisition of certain assets and specified liabilities of the radio frequency (“RF”) business of Wolfspeed, Inc. (“Wolfspeed”) (the “RF Business,”), which was accounted for as a business combination (the “RF Business Acquisition”). The RF Business includes a portfolio of gallium nitride (“GaN”) on Silicon Carbide (“SiC”) products used in high-performance RF and microwave applications. In connection with the RF Business Acquisition, we expect to assume control of a wafer fabrication facility in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (the “RTP Fab”) approximately two years following the closing of the RF Business Acquisition (the “RTP Fab Transfer”). Prior to the RTP Fab Transfer, Wolfspeed will continue to operate the facility and supply wafer product and other fabrication services to us pursuant to various agreements entered into between the parties concurrently with the closing of the RF Business Acquisition.
The purchase price for the RF Business Acquisition consisted of $75.0 million payable in cash, subject to customary purchase price adjustments, and 711,528 shares of our common stock, with a fair value of $57.7 million, which were issued at the closing of the RF Business Acquisition. The shares of our common stock issued in connection with the RF Business Acquisition are subject to restrictions on the sale of shares until transfer of the RTP Fab to the Company is complete. In addition, if the RTP Fab has not transferred by the fourth anniversary of the closing date of the RF Business Acquisition, Wolfspeed will forfeit 25% of the share consideration. We funded the cash purchase price for the RF Business Acquisition through cash-on-hand.
During the three and six months ended March 29, 2024, we incurred acquisition-related transaction costs of approximately $0.3 million and $7.4 million, respectively, which are included in selling, general and administrative expense. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, we incurred acquisition-related transaction costs of approximately less than $0.1 million, which are included in selling, general and administrative expense.
The following table summarizes the preliminary estimate of the purchase price (in thousands, except shares and closing share price amount):

|  |  |  |  |  | At Acquisition Date as Reported December 29, 2023 | Measurement Period Adjustments | At Acquisition Date as Reported March 29, 2024
Cash purchase consideration |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 75,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 75,000 |
Number of shares of MACOM common stock issued at closing |  |  |  |  | 711,528 |  |  |  |
Fair value of shares issued |  |  |  |  | $ | 81.14 |  |  |  |
Equity purchase consideration |  |  |  |  |  | 60,772 |  | (3,039) |  | 57,733 |
Total purchase consideration |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 135,772 |  | $ | (3,039) |  | $ | 132,733 |

During the six months ended March 29, 2024, we reduced the fair value of our common stock issued at the closing of the RF Business Acquisition by $3.0 million, representing the discount for lack of marketability as the shares were unregistered.
The purchase price for the RF Business Acquisition has been allocated based on preliminary estimates of fair values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities at the date of acquisition as follows (in thousands):
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|  |  |  |  | At Acquisition Date as Reported December 29, 2023 | Measurement Period Adjustments | At Acquisition Date as Reported March 29, 2024
Current assets |  |  |  |  | $ | 160 |  | $ | (121) |  | $ | 39 |
Inventory |  |  |  |  | 23,574 |  | 6,358 |  | 29,932 |
Property and equipment |  |  |  |  | 35,415 |  | — |  | 35,415 |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |  | 60,000 |  | (17,000) |  | 43,000 |
Prepayment for net assets associated with the RTP Fab Transfer |  |  |  |  | 19,450 |  | 500 |  | 19,950 |
Other non-current assets |  |  |  |  | 6,735 |  | (1,101) |  | 5,634 |
Goodwill |  |  |  |  | — |  | 8,584 |  | 8,584 |
Total assets acquired |  |  |  |  | 145,334 |  | (2,780) |  | 142,554 |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  | 6,474 |  | 159 |  | 6,633 |
Long-term liabilities |  |  |  |  | 3,088 |  | 100 |  | 3,188 |
Total liabilities assumed |  |  |  |  | 9,562 |  | 259 |  | 9,821 |
Purchase Price |  |  |  |  | $ | 135,772 |  | $ | (3,039) |  | $ | 132,733 |

Intangible assets consist of technology, a favorable contract and customer relationships with fair values of $21.5 million, $14.5 million and $7.0 million, respectively, and useful lives of 4.8 years, 2.0 years and 8.8 years, respectively. We used variations of income approaches with estimates and assumptions developed by us to determine the fair values of technology, customer relationships and the favorable contract. We valued technology by using the relief-from-royalty method, customer relationships by using the multi-period excess earnings method and the favorable contract by using the discounted cash flow method. We valued backlog using the multi-period excess earnings method and determined that the value for backlog is zero. The process for estimating the fair values of identifiable intangible assets requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including revenue growth rates, royalty rates, operating margin and discount rates. We used the cost and market approaches to determine the fair value of our property and equipment. We amortize definite-lived assets based on the pattern over which we expect to receive the economic benefit from these assets. During the three months ended March 29, 2024, based on additional information, we updated inputs and assumptions used to calculate the fair value of certain assets and liabilities, primarily resulting in a decrease to the fair value of intangible assets of $17.0 million, an increase to the fair value of inventory of $6.4 million, with an offsetting increase to Goodwill. Due to these adjustments, the statement of operations for the three months ended March 29, 2024 includes a net benefit of $0.1 million for intangible asset and inventory step-up amortization related to the quarter ended December 29, 2023.
The prepayment of $20.0 million for the net assets associated with the RTP Fab Transfer, classified in Other long-term assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheet, relates to the estimated fair value of property and equipment, inventory and liabilities that we will assume control of at the time of the RTP Fab Transfer. The cost and market approaches were used in determining the fair value of $14.1 million for property and equipment expected to transfer at the RTP Fab Transfer date. The remaining prepayment relates to inventory and liabilities, net, that we will assume control of at the time of the RTP Fab Transfer.
The determination and allocation of purchase price consideration is based on preliminary estimates of fair value; such estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). As of March 29, 2024, the purchase price allocation for the RF Business remains open as we gather additional information regarding the fair value of consideration transferred, the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed, primarily in relation to the valuation of intangibles, inventory, property and equipment, leases, the prepayment for the assets and liabilities to be conveyed with the RTP Fab Transfer and contingencies.
The RF Business has been included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition. During the three and six months ended March 29, 2024, the RF Business contributed approximately $35.7 million and $41.9 million of our total revenue, respectively. The RF Business did not materially impact our consolidated net income for the three and six months ended March 29, 2024.
Consolidated estimated pro forma unaudited revenue and net income as if the RF Business Acquisition had occurred on October 1, 2022, is as follows (in thousands):
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| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Consolidated estimated pro forma unaudited revenue | $ | 181,234 |  |  | $ | 205,610 |  |  | $ | 365,219 |  |  | $ | 428,060 |
Consolidated estimated pro forma unaudited net income (loss) | $ | 15,222 |  |  | $ | (1,566) |  |  | $ | 1,297 |  |  | $ | (32,842) |

Pro forma revenue and net income (loss) was prepared for comparative purposes only and is not indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition actually occurred on October 1, 2022, or of the results that may occur in the future. Pro forma net income (loss) includes business combination accounting effects from the RF Business Acquisition, primarily amortization expense from acquired intangible assets, acquisition transaction costs and tax-related effects. Pro forma earnings for the three and six months ended March 29, 2024 were adjusted to exclude transaction costs incurred of $0.3 million and $15.8 million, respectively, and pro forma earnings for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 were adjusted and include $3.1 million and $42.0 million, respectively, of transaction costs associated with the RF Business Acquisition.
MESC— On May 31, 2023, we completed the acquisition of the key manufacturing facilities, capabilities, technologies and other assets and certain specified liabilities of OMMIC SAS, a semiconductor manufacturer based in Limeil-Brévannes, France with expertise in wafer fabrication, epitaxial growth and monolithic microwave integrated circuit (“MMIC”) processing and design. We are referring to this acquisition as the MACOM European Semiconductor Center Acquisition (the “MESC Acquisition”) and it was accounted for as a business combination. We completed the MESC Acquisition to expand our European footprint and to enable us to offer higher frequency gallium arsenide (“GaAs”) and GaN MMICs. Total cash consideration paid for the MESC Acquisition was approximately $36.9 million and was funded with cash-on-hand. During the three months ended March 29, 2024, we did not incur any acquisition-related transaction costs. During the six months ended March 29, 2024, we incurred acquisition-related transaction costs of approximately $0.3 million, which are included in selling, general and administrative expense. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, we incurred acquisition-related transaction costs of approximately $0.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively, which are included in selling, general and administrative expense.
The purchase price for the MESC Acquisition has been allocated based on preliminary estimates of fair values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities at the date of acquisition as follows (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  | At Acquisition Date as Reported March 29, 2024
Current assets |  |  |  |  | $ | 297 |
Inventory |  |  |  |  | 3,790 |
Property and equipment |  |  |  |  | 30,538 |
Intangible assets |  |  |  |  | 5,966 |
Total assets acquired |  |  |  |  | 40,591 |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  | 3,734 |
Total liabilities assumed |  |  |  |  | 3,734 |
Purchase Price |  |  |  |  | $ | 36,857 |

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As part of the acquisition, we assumed a lease agreement for manufacturing facilities in France that provides us with the option to purchase the real property for an immaterial price at the end of the lease term, in October 2024. We expect to exercise this bargain purchase option and have recorded a right-of-use-asset of $24.7 million in Property and equipment. The real property was valued using a market approach.
Intangible assets consist of technology and customer relationships of $4.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, and both having useful lives of 8.3 years. We used the income approach to determine the fair value of the definite-lived intangible assets and the cost and market approaches to determine the fair value of our property, plant and equipment. We amortize definite-lived assets based on the pattern over which we expect to receive the economic benefit from these assets.
The determination and allocation of purchase price consideration is based on preliminary estimates of fair value; such estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). As of March 29, 2024, the purchase price allocation for the MESC Acquisition remains open as we gather additional information regarding the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed, primarily in relation to the valuation of intangibles, inventory, property and equipment, leases, liabilities and contingencies. We did not recognize goodwill associated with this acquisition and there were no measurement period adjustments recognized during the quarter ended March 29, 2024.
Linearizer Technology, Inc.— On March 3, 2023, we completed the acquisition of Linearizer Technology, Inc. (“Linearizer”), a developer of modules and subsystems, including SSPAs, microwave predistortion linearizers and microwave photonics based in Hamilton, New Jersey (the “Linearizer Acquisition”), which was accounted for as a business combination. We acquired Linearizer to further strengthen our component and subsystem design expertise in our target markets. In connection with the Linearizer Acquisition, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Linearizer for total cash consideration of approximately $51.4 million. We funded the Linearizer Acquisition with cash-on-hand. During the three and six months ended March 29, 2024, we did not incur any acquisition-related transaction costs. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, we incurred acquisition-related transaction costs of approximately $1.9 million, which are included in selling, general and administrative expense. The Linearizer Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination and the operations of Linearizer have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition.
We finalized the Linearizer Acquisition purchase accounting during the fiscal quarter ended March 29, 2024. The final purchase price has been allocated as follows (in thousands):

| At Acquisition Date as Reported September 29, 2023 |  | Measurement Period Adjustments |  | At Acquisition Date as Reported March 29, 2024
Current assets | $ | 2,819 |  |  | $ | (100) |  |  | $ | 2,719 |
Inventory | 8,907 |  |  | 1,407 |  |  | 10,314 |
Property and equipment | 5,485 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,485 |
Intangible assets | 29,600 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,600 |
Goodwill | 12,332 |  |  | (1,494) |  |  | 10,838 |
Total assets acquired | 59,143 |  |  | (187) |  |  | 58,956 |
Current liabilities | 7,544 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,544 |
Total liabilities assumed | 7,544 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,544 |
Purchase Price | $ | 51,599 |  |  | $ | (187) |  |  | $ | 51,412 |

Intangible assets consist of customer relationships, technology and trade name with fair values of $20.7 million, $7.1 million and $1.8 million, respectively, and useful lives of 8.6 years, 7.6 years and 7.6 years, respectively. We used the income approach to determine the fair value of the definite-lived intangible assets and the cost and market approaches to determine the fair value of our property, plant and equipment. We amortize definite-lived assets based on the pattern over which we expect to receive the economic benefit from these assets. The intangible assets and goodwill acquired will be amortizable for tax purposes due to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (IRC) Section 338 election filed.
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4. INVESTMENTS
All investments are short-term in nature and are invested in certificates of deposit, corporate bonds, commercial paper, and U.S. Treasuries and agency bonds and are classified as available-for-sale. These certificates of deposit, corporate bonds, commercial paper and U.S. Treasuries and agency bonds are owned directly by the Company and are segregated in brokerage custody accounts. The amortized cost, gross unrealized holding gains or losses and fair value of our available-for-sale investments by major investment type are summarized in the tables below (in thousands):

| March 29, 2024
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Holding Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Holding Losses |  | Aggregate Fair Value
Certificates of deposit | $ | 10,980 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,981 |
Corporate bonds | 243,039 |  |  | 36 |  |  | (1,615) |  |  | 241,460 |
Commercial paper | 48,589 |  |  | — |  |  | (60) |  |  | 48,529 |
U.S. Treasuries and agency bonds | 60,460 |  |  | 75 |  |  | (82) |  |  | 60,453 |
Total short-term investments | $ | 363,068 |  |  | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | (1,757) |  |  | $ | 361,423 |

| September 29, 2023
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Holding Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Holding Losses |  | Aggregate Fair Value
Corporate bonds | $ | 145,234 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2,845) |  |  | $ | 142,389 |
Commercial paper | 176,405 |  |  | — |  |  | (129) |  |  | 176,276 |
U.S. Treasuries and agency bonds | 21,895 |  |  | 18 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 21,909 |
Total short-term investments | $ | 343,534 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | (2,978) |  |  | $ | 340,574 |

The contractual maturities of available-for-sale investments were as follows (in thousands):

| March 29, 2024 | September 29, 2023
Less than one year | $ | 219,861 |  | $ | 265,591 |
Over one year | 141,562 |  | 74,983 |
Total available-for-sale investments | $ | 361,423 |  | $ | 340,574 |

We have determined that the gross unrealized losses on available for sale securities as of March 29, 2024 and September 29, 2023 are temporary in nature and/or do not relate to credit loss, and therefore there is no expense for credit losses recorded in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity within accumulated other comprehensive loss.
5. FAIR VALUE
We group our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded, and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets), or model-driven valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated with, observable market data.
Level 3 - Fair value is derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable, including assumptions and judgments made by us.

Assets and Liabilities Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
We measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis such as our financial instruments. There have been no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 assets or liabilities during the three and six months ended March 29, 2024.
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Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of the following (in thousands):

| March 29, 2024
| Fair Value |  | Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 54,614 |  |  | $ | 54,614 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Treasuries and agency bonds | 60,453 |  |  | 60,453 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Certificates of deposit | 10,981 |  |  | 10,981 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash equivalents (1) | 7,177 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,177 |  |  | — |
Commercial paper | 48,529 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,529 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 241,460 |  |  | — |  |  | 241,460 |  |  | — |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 423,214 |  |  | $ | 126,048 |  |  | $ | 297,166 |  |  | $ | — |

(1) Cash equivalents represent highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less, primarily in corporate bonds and U.S. Treasuries.

| September 29, 2023
| Fair Value |  | Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 111,388 |  |  | $ | 111,388 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Treasury securities | 21,910 |  |  | 21,910 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial paper | 176,276 |  |  | — |  |  | 176,276 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 142,388 |  |  | — |  |  | 142,388 |  |  | — |
Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 451,962 |  |  | $ | 133,298 |  |  | $ | 318,664 |  |  | $ | — |

6. INVENTORIES
Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

| March 29, 2024 |  | September 29, 2023
Raw materials | $ | 110,005 |  |  | $ | 82,589 |
Work-in-process | 13,973 |  |  | 14,280 |
Finished goods | 53,828 |  |  | 39,431 |
Total inventory, net | $ | 177,806 |  |  | $ | 136,300 |

7. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):

| March 29, 2024 |  | September 29, 2023
Construction in process | $ | 9,658 |  |  | $ | 10,256 |
Machinery and equipment | 278,937 |  |  | 238,037 |
Leasehold improvements | 38,292 |  |  | 35,342 |
Furniture and fixtures | 2,967 |  |  | 2,888 |
Computer equipment and software | 19,812 |  |  | 18,824 |
Finance lease assets | 64,845 |  |  | 64,126 |
Total property and equipment | 414,511 |  |  | 369,473 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | (234,282) |  |  | (219,977) |
Property and equipment, net | $ | 180,229 |  |  | $ | 149,496 |

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In August 2022, the U.S. government enacted the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 (CHIPS Act), which provides funding for manufacturing grants and research investments and establishes a 25% investment tax credit for certain qualifying investments in U.S. semiconductor manufacturing equipment. As of March 29, 2024, we recognized $3.6 million in Prepaid and other current assets with a corresponding reduction to the carrying amounts of the qualifying manufacturing assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment for the three and six months ended March 29, 2024 was $7.8 million and $14.3 million, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 was $5.8 million and $11.8 million, respectively. Accumulated amortization on finance lease assets as of March 29, 2024 and September 29, 2023 was $9.0 million and $7.8 million, respectively.
8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Amortization expense related to intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Cost of revenue | $ | 4,200 |  |  | $ | 988 |  |  | $ | 6,142 |  |  | $ | 1,898 |
Research and development | 1,043 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,087 |  |  | — |
Selling, general and administrative | 4,121 |  |  | 5,764 |  |  | 8,919 |  |  | 11,667 |
Total | $ | 9,364 |  |  | $ | 6,752 |  |  | $ | 17,148 |  |  | $ | 13,565 |

A summary of the activity in gross intangible assets as of March 29, 2024 and September 29, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

| March 29, 2024 |
| Gross Carrying Amount |  |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |
Acquired technology | $ | 213,012 |  |  |  |  | $ | (182,670) |  |  | $ | 30,342 |  |
Customer relationships | 274,652 |  |  |  |  | (234,626) |  |  | 40,026 |  |
Favorable contract | 14,500 |  |  |  |  | (3,026) |  |  | 11,474 |  |
Internal-use software | 8,350 |  |  |  |  | (2,087) |  |  | 6,263 |  |
Trade name (1) | 5,200 |  |  |  |  | (292) |  |  | 4,908 |  |
Balance as of March 29, 2024 (2) | $ | 515,714 |  |  |  |  | $ | (422,701) |  |  | $ | 93,013 |  |

| September 29, 2023
| Gross Carrying Amount |  |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Acquired technology | $ | 191,369 |  |  |  |  | $ | (179,558) |  |  | $ | 11,811 |
Customer relationships | 267,621 |  |  |  |  | (225,827) |  |  | 41,794 |
Internal-use software | 8,350 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 8,350 |
Trade name (1) | 5,200 |  |  |  |  | (161) |  |  | 5,039 |
Balance as of September 29, 2023 (2) | $ | 472,540 |  |  |  |  | $ | (405,546) |  |  | $ | 66,994 |

(1) Includes an indefinite-lived trade name of $3.4 million that is not amortized.
(2) Foreign intangible asset carrying amounts were affected by foreign currency translation.
As of March 29, 2024, our estimated amortization of our intangible assets in future fiscal years was as follows (in thousands):

| 2024 Remaining | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | Thereafter | Total
Amortization expense | $ | 19,419 |  | 24,716 |  | 13,530 |  | 11,045 |  | 8,172 |  | 12,731 |  | $ | 89,613 |

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A summary of the changes in goodwill as of March 29, 2024 is as follows (in thousands):

| March 29, 2024 |
Balance as of September 29, 2023 | $ | 323,398 |  |
Acquired (1) | 7,089 |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (114) |  |
Balance as of March 29, 2024 | $ | 330,373 |  |

(1) The balance consists of an increase of $8.6 million to goodwill related to measurement period adjustments for the RF Business Acquisition and a reduction of $1.5 million to goodwill related to measurement period adjustments for the Linearizer Acquisition. For additional information refer to Note 3 - Acquisitions.
9. DEBT
The following represents the outstanding balances and effective interest rates of our borrowings as of March 29, 2024 and September 29, 2023, (in thousands, except percentages):

| March 29, 2024 |  | September 29, 2023
| Principal Balance | Effective Interest Rate |  | Principal Balance | Effective Interest Rate
0.25% convertible notes due March 2026 | 450,000 |  | 0.54 | % |  | 450,000 |  | 0.54 | %
Unamortized discount on deferred financing costs | (2,293) |  |  |  | (2,866) |  |
Total long-term debt, less current portion | $ | 447,707 |  |  |  | $ | 447,134 |  |

2026 Convertible Notes
On March 25, 2021, we issued 0.25% convertible senior notes due in fiscal year 2026, pursuant to an indenture dated as of such date (the “Indenture”), between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, with an aggregate principal amount of $400.0 million (the “Initial Notes”), and on April 6, 2021, we issued an additional $50.0 million aggregate principal amount (the “Additional Notes”) (together, the “2026 Convertible Notes”). The aggregate principal balance of the 2026 Convertible Notes is $450.0 million. The 2026 Convertible Notes will mature on March 15, 2026, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased.
The Additional Notes were issued and sold to the initial purchaser of the Initial Notes, pursuant to the option to purchase the Additional Notes granted by the Company to the initial purchaser and have the same terms as the Initial Notes.
Holders of the 2026 Convertible Notes may convert their notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 15, 2025 in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, only under the following circumstances: (i) during any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on July 2, 2021 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price for the notes on each applicable trading day; (ii) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “Measurement Period”) in which the “trading price” (as defined in the Indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of the notes for each trading day of the Measurement Period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate for the notes on each such trading day; (iii) if we call such notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the applicable redemption date; or (iv) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events described in the Indenture. On or after December 15, 2025 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert their notes in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, regardless of the foregoing circumstances.
The initial conversion rate for the 2026 Convertible Notes is 12.1767 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the notes, equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $82.12 per share of common stock. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events in the Indenture.
In November 2021, we made an irrevocable election to pay cash for the aggregate principal amount of notes to be converted. Upon conversion of the 2026 Convertible Notes, we are required to pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the notes to be converted and pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election, in respect of the remainder, if any, of our conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the notes being converted (subject to, and in accordance with, the settlement provisions of the
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Indenture). We may redeem for cash all or any portion of the notes, at our option, on or after March 20, 2024 if the last reported sale price per share of our common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, to, but not including, the redemption date.
The Indenture does not contain any financial or operating covenants or restrictions on the payments of dividends, the making of investments, the incurrence of indebtedness or the purchase or prepayment of securities by us or any of our subsidiaries.
For the three and six months ended March 29, 2024, total interest expense for the 2026 Convertible Notes was $0.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, total interest expense for the 2026 Convertible Notes was $0.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
The fair value of our 2026 Convertible Notes was $566.5 million and $512.5 million as of March 29, 2024 and September 29, 2023, respectively, and was determined based on quoted prices in markets that are not active, which is considered a Level 2 valuation input.
There are no future minimum principal payments under the notes as of March 29, 2024; the full amount of $450.0 million is due on March 15, 2026.
Term Loans
As of March 31, 2023, we were party to a credit agreement, dated as of May 8, 2014, with a syndicate of lenders and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as administrative agent (as amended on February 13, 2015, August 31, 2016, March 10, 2017, May 19, 2017, May 2, 2018 and May 9, 2018, the “Credit Agreement”).
On August 2, 2023, the Credit Agreement was terminated when we paid the total outstanding principal balance on our Term Loans of $120.8 million and accrued interest of less than $0.1 million with cash-on-hand.
There was no interest expense for the Term Loans for the three and six months ended March 29, 2024. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, total interest expense for the Term Loans was $2.1 million and $3.9 million, respectively.
10. F INANCING OBLIGATION
We are party to a power purchase agreement for the use of electric power and thermal energy producing systems at our fabrication facility in Lowell, Massachusetts. T hese systems are expected to reduce our consumption of energy while delivering sustainable, resilient energy for heating and cooling. We do not own these systems; however, we control the use of the assets during operation. As of March 29, 2024 and September 29, 2023, the net book value of the systems in Property and equipment, net was $8.5 million and $8.9 million, respectively, and the corresponding liability was $9.4 million and $9.6 million, respectively, primarily classified in Financing obligation on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The initial financing obligation was calculated based on future fixed payments allocated to the power generator of $16.8 million over the 15-year term, discounted at an implied discount rate of 7.4%, and the remaining future minimum payments are for power purchases. As of March 29, 2024 and September 29, 2023, we have $24.8 million and $25.5 million, respectively, in remaining fixed payments over a 14-year term associated with the power purchase agreement, of which $15.4 million and $15.9 million, respectively, is included in our consolidated balance sheets on a discounted basis.
As of March 29, 2024, expected future minimum payments for the financing obligation were as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal year ending: |  | Amount
2024 |  | $ | 481 |
2025 |  | 982 |
2026 |  | 1,007 |
2027 |  | 1,031 |
2028 |  | 1,057 |
Thereafter |  | 10,858 |
Total payments |  | $ | 15,416 |
Less: interest |  | 5,980 |
Present value of liabilities |  | $ | 9,436 |

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11. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation for basic and diluted net income per share of common stock (in thousands, except per share data):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 14,980 |  |  | $ | 25,755 |  |  | $ | 27,506 |  |  | $ | 55,274 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding-basic | 72,076 |  |  | 70,799 |  |  | 71,750 |  |  | 70,640 |
Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units | 807 |  |  | 603 |  |  | 831 |  |  | 748 |
Dilutive effect of convertible debt | 389 |  |  | — |  |  | 198 |  |  | — |
Weighted average common shares outstanding-diluted | 73,272 |  |  | 71,402 |  |  | 72,779 |  |  | 71,388 |
Net income to common stockholders per share-Basic: | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |
Net income to common stockholders per share-Diluted: | $ | 0.20 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.38 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |

12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
From time to time, we may be subject to commercial disputes, employment issues, claims by other companies in the industry that we have infringed their intellectual property rights and other similar claims and litigation. Any such claims may lead to future litigation and material damages and defense costs. We were not involved in any material pending legal proceedings during the three and six months ended March 29, 2024.
13. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
We have authorized 10 million shares of $0.001 par value preferred stock and 300 million shares of $0.001 par value common stock as of March 29, 2024.
Stock Plans
As of March 29, 2024, we had 3.9 million shares available for issuance under our 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”), which replaced our 2012 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as amended and restated) (the “2012 Plan”), and 1.2 million shares available for issuance under our 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Employee Stock Purchase Plan”), which replaced our 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. We have outstanding awards under the 2021 Plan and the 2012 Plan. Following the adoption of the 2021 Plan, no additional awards have been or will be made under the 2012 Plan. Under the 2021 Plan, we have the ability to issue incentive stock options (“ISOs”), non-statutory stock options (“NSOs”), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), unrestricted stock awards, stock units (including restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”)), performance awards, cash awards, and other share-based awards to employees, directors, consultants and advisors. The ISOs and NSOs must be granted at an exercise price, and the SARs must be granted at a base value, per share of not less than 100% of the closing price of a share of our common stock on the date of grant (or, if no closing price is reported on that date, the closing price on the immediately preceding date on which a closing price was reported) (110% in the case of certain ISOs). Options granted under the 2012 Plan primarily vested based on certain market-based and performance-based criteria and generally have a term of four years to seven years. Certain of the share-based awards granted and outstanding as of March 29, 2024 are subject to accelerated vesting upon a change in control of the Company.
Incentive Stock Units
Aside from the equity plans described above, we also grant incentive stock units (“ISUs”) to certain of our international employees which typically vest over three or four years and for which the fair value is determined by our underlying stock price, which are classified as liabilities and settled in cash upon vesting.
As of March 29, 2024 and September 29, 2023, the fair value of outstanding ISUs was $6.1 million and $5.0 million, respectively, and the associated accrued compensation liability was $3.0 million and $3.3 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended March 29, 2024, we recorded an expense for ISU awards of $0.9 million and $1.4 million, respectively.
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During the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, we recorded an expense for ISU awards of $0.5 million and $1.8 million, respectively. These expenses are not included in the share-based compensation expense totals below.
Share-Based Compensation
The following table shows a summary of share-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Cost of revenue | $ | 1,600 |  |  | $ | 1,011 |  |  | $ | 2,870 |  |  | $ | 2,161 |
Research and development | 4,962 |  |  | 3,742 |  |  | 7,727 |  |  | 7,974 |
Selling, general and administrative | 5,528 |  |  | 4,707 |  |  | 10,150 |  |  | 10,372 |
Total share-based compensation expense | $ | 12,090 |  |  | $ | 9,460 |  |  | $ | 20,747 |  |  | $ | 20,507 |

As of March 29, 2024, the total unrecognized compensation costs related to RSUs and PRSUs was $80.9 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years. As of March 29, 2024, total unrecognized compensation cost related to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan was $0.3 million.
Restricted Stock Units and Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units
A summary of stock award activity for the six months ended March 29, 2024 is as follows:

| Number of shares (in thousands) |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance as of September 29, 2023 | 1,501 |  |  | $ | 60.90 |
Granted | 715 |  |  | 78.62 |
Performance-based adjustment (1) | 62 |  |  | 35.43 |
Vested and released | (502) |  |  | 50.11 |
Forfeited, canceled or expired | (100) |  |  | 65.07 |
Balance as of March 29, 2024 | 1,676 |  |  | $ | 70.51 |

(1) The amount shown represents performance adjustments for performance-based awards. These were granted in prior fiscal years and vested during the six months ended March 29, 2024 based on the Company’s achievement of adjusted earnings per share performance conditions.
Stock awards that vested during the six months ended March 29, 2024 and March 31, 2023 had combined fair values of $37.2 million and $81.3 million, respectively, as of the vesting date. RSUs granted generally vest over a period of three or four years.
Market-based PRSUs
We granted 132,247 market-based PRSUs during the six months ended March 29, 2024, at a weighted average grant date fair value of $88.88 per share. Recipients may earn between 0% and 200% of the target number of shares based on the Company’s achievement of total stockholder return in comparison to a peer group of companies in the PHLX Semiconductor Sector Index (^SOX) over a period of approximately three years. The fair value of the awards was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation and compensation expense is recognized ratably over the service period based on the grant date fair value of the awards subject to the market condition. The expected volatility of the Company’s common stock was estimated based on the historical average volatility rate over the three-year period. The dividend yield assumption was based on historical and anticipated dividend payouts. The risk-free rate assumption was based on observed interest rates consistent with the three-year measurement period. The assumptions used to value the awards are as follows:
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| Six Months Ended
| March 29, 2024
Grant date stock price | $ | 73.01
Average stock price at the start of the performance period | $ | 79.43
Risk free interest rate | 4.6%
Years to maturity | 2.9
Expected volatility rate | 41.7%
Expected dividend yield | —

Stock Options
As of March 29, 2024 and September 29, 2023 there were 10,000 and 15,000 stock options outstanding, respectively, with a weighted-average exercise price per share of $16.06. As of March 29, 2024, the weighted-average remaining contractual term was 1.61 years and the aggregate intrinsic value was $0.8 million. Aggregate intrinsic value is calculated using the difference between our closing stock price on March 29, 2024 and the exercise price of outstanding, in-the-money options. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the six months ended March 29, 2024 was $0.3 million. There were no options exercised during the three and six months ended March 31, 2023.
14. INCOME TAXES
We are subject to income tax in the U.S. as well as other tax jurisdictions in which we conduct business. Earnings from non-U.S. activities are subject to local country income tax and may also be subject to current U.S. income tax. For interim periods, we record a tax provision or benefit based upon the estimated effective tax rate expected for the full fiscal year, adjusted for material discrete taxation matters arising during the interim periods. Our quarterly tax provision or benefit, and its quarterly estimate of the annual effective tax rate, are subject to significant variation due to several factors. These factors include items such as: variability in accurately predicting pre-tax income/loss, the mix of jurisdictions in which we operate, intercompany transactions, changes in how we do business, tax law developments, the realizability of our deferred tax assets and related valuation allowance and relative changes in permanent tax benefits or expenses.
The provision for income taxes and effective income tax rate are as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Income tax expense | $ | 4,508 |  |  | $ | 11,660 |  |  | $ | 7,258 |  |  | $ | 21,271 |
Effective income tax rate | 23.1 | % |  | 31.2 | % |  | 20.9 | % |  | 27.8 | %

The difference between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% and our effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended March 29, 2024 was primarily driven by favorable stock based compensation and research and development (“R&D”) tax credits, partially offset by global intangible low taxed income (“GILTI”). The difference between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% and our effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily driven by tax on GILTI including changes to Section 174, non-deductible compensation and state income taxes partially offset by income taxed in foreign jurisdictions generally at lower tax rates and R&D tax credits.
During the six months ended March 29, 2024, we determined the earnings of one of our entities in India are no longer permanently reinvested, and due to the change in our position, we recorded a foreign withholding tax expense of $1.0 million associated with undistributed earnings.
We recognize deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making this determination, we consider available positive and negative evidence. We look at factors that may impact the valuation of our deferred tax assets including results of recent operations, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income and tax-planning strategies.
There were no unrecognized tax benefits as of March 29, 2024 and September 29, 2023. It is our policy to recognize any interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. During the fiscal quarter ended March 29, 2024, we did not make any accrual or payment of interest or penalties.
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15. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
The following is a summary of supplemental cash flow information for the periods presented (in thousands):

| Six Months Ended
| March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Cash paid for interest | $ | 2,003 |  |  | $ | 5,367 |
Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 2,655 |  |  | $ | 1,701 |
Non-cash activities: |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities | $ | 6,866 |  |  | $ | 3,920 |
Finance lease assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,821 |
Additions to property and equipment, net included in liabilities | $ | 483 |  |  | $ | — |

Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities includes $5.6 million operating lease right-of-use assets acquired as part of the RF Business Acquisition. For additional information on the RF Business Acquisition, see Note 3 - Acquisitions.
16. GEOGRAPHIC AND SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMER INFORMATION
We have one reportable operating segment that designs, develops, manufactures and markets semiconductors and modules. The determination of the number of reportable operating segments is based on the chief operating decision maker’s (“CODM”) use of financial information provided for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. The Company's CODM is its President and Chief Executive Officer. In evaluating financial performance and making operating decisions, the CODM primarily uses consolidated metrics. The Company assesses its determination of operating segments at least annually. We continue to evaluate our internal reporting structure, changes to our business and the potential impact of these changes on our segment reporting.
For information about our revenue in different geographic regions, based upon customer locations, see Note 2 - Revenue.
Information about net property and equipment in different geographic regions is presented below (in thousands):

|  | March 29, 2024 |  | September 29, 2023
United States |  | $ | 127,735 |  |  | $ | 111,865 |
France |  | 32,422 |  |  | 31,142 |
Asia Pacific (1) |  | 18,018 |  |  | 4,610 |
Other Countries (2) |  | 2,054 |  |  | 1,879 |
Total |  | $ | 180,229 |  |  | $ | 149,496 |

(1)Asia Pacific represents China, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand.
(2)Other than the United States, France and Asia Pacific region, no country or region represented greater than 10% of the total net property and equipment as of the dates presented.
The following is a summary of customer concentrations as a percentage of revenue and accounts receivable as of and for the periods presented:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
Revenue | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Customer A | 12 | % |  | — |  |  | 11 | % |  | — |

Accounts Receivable | March 29, 2024 |  | September 29, 2023
Customer A | 16 | % |  | — |

Customer Concentration
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Customer A did not represent more than 10% of our revenue in the three and six months ended March 31, 2023. No other customer represented more than 10% of revenue or accounts receivable in the periods presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. For the three and six months ended March 29, 2024, our top ten customers represented 57% and 56%, respectively, of total revenue, and for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, our top ten customers represented 48% and 49%, respectively, of total revenue.
17. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS
During the six months ended March 29, 2024, we purchased $0.1 million of machinery and equipment from Gallium Semiconductor, an affiliate of director Susan Ocampo.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 29, 2023 filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on November 13, 2023 (the “2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K”).
In this document, the words “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” and similar terms refer only to MACOM Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, and not any other person or entity.
“MACOM,” “MACOM Technology Solutions,” and related logos are trademarks of MACOM Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc. All other brands and names listed are trademarks of their respective owners.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Item 2, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain “forward-looking statements.” In addition, we may make other written and oral communications from time to time that contain such statements. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding our business outlook, strategic plans and priorities, expectations, anticipated drivers of future revenue growth, our ability to develop new products, achieve market acceptance of those products and better address certain markets, expand our capabilities and extend our product offerings through the Linearizer Acquisition, the MESC Acquisition and the RF Business Acquisition, industry trends, our estimated annual effective tax rate, our plans for use of our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, interest rate and foreign currency risks, our ability to meet working capital requirements, estimates and objectives for future operations, our future results of operations and our financial position, including liquidity, and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts. Forward-looking statements generally may be identified by terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “continue,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “seeks,” “should,” “targets,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions or variations or the negatives of those terms. These statements are based on management's beliefs and assumptions as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, based on information currently available to us. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements include, among others, the risks described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We caution the reader to carefully consider such factors. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.
Overview
We design and manufacture semiconductor products for the Industrial and Defense (“I&D”), Data Center and Telecommunications (“Telecom”) industries. Headquartered in Lowell, Massachusetts, with operational facilities throughout North America, Europe and Asia, we design, develop and manufacture differentiated semiconductor products for customers who demand high performance, quality and reliability. We have more than 70 years of application expertise, combined with expertise in analog and mixed signal circuit design, compound semiconductor fabrication (including GaAs, GaN, indium phosphide (“InP”) and specialized silicon), advanced packaging and back-end assembly and test. We offer a broad portfolio of thousands of standard and custom devices, which include integrated circuits (“IC”), multi-chip modules (“MCM”), diodes, amplifiers, switches and switch limiters, passive and active components and radio frequency (“RF”) and optical subsystems, which make up dozens of product lines that service over 6,000 end customers in our three primary markets. Our products are electronic components that our customers generally incorporate into larger electronic systems, such as wireless basestations,
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high-capacity optical networks, data center networks, radar, medical systems and test and measurement applications. Our primary end markets are: (1) I&D, which includes military and commercial radar, RF jammers, electronic countermeasures, communication data links, satellite communications and multi-market applications, which include industrial, medical, test and measurement and scientific applications; (2) Data Center, which includes intra-Data Center, Data Center Interconnect (“DCI”) applications, at 100G, 200G, 400G, 800G and higher speeds, enabled by our broad portfolio of analog ICs and photonic components for high speed optical module customers; and (3) Telecom, which includes carrier infrastructure such as long-haul/metro, 5G satellite communications and Fiber-to-the-X (“FTTx”)/passive optical network (“PON”), among others.
Description of Our Revenue
Revenue. Our revenue is derived from sales of high-performance RF, microwave, millimeter wave, optical and photonic semiconductor products. We design, integrate, manufacture and package differentiated, semiconductor-based products that we sell to customers through our direct sales organization, our network of independent sales representatives and our distributors.
We believe the primary drivers of our future revenue growth will include:
•continued growth in the demand for high-performance analog, digital and optical semiconductors in our three primary markets;
•introducing new products using advanced technologies, added features, higher levels of integration and improved performance;
•increasing content of our semiconductor solutions in customers’ systems through cross-selling our product lines;
•leveraging our core strength and leadership position in standard, catalog products that service all of our end applications; and
•engaging early with our lead customers to develop custom and standard products.
Our core strategy is to develop and innovate high-performance products that address our customers’ most difficult technical challenges in our primary markets: I&D, Data Center and Telecom.
We expect our revenue in the I&D market to be driven by the expanding product portfolio that we offer which services applications such as test and measurement, satellite communications, civil and military radar, industrial, automotive, scientific and medical applications, further supported by growth in applications for our multi-market catalog products.
We expect our revenue in the Data Center market to be driven by the adoption of cloud-based services and the upgrade of data center architectures to 100G, 200G, 400G and 800G interconnects, which we expect will drive adoption of higher speed optical and photonic components.
We expect our revenue in the Telecom market to be driven by 5G deployments, with continued upgrades and expansion of communications equipment, satellite communications networks and increasing adoption of our high-performance RF, millimeter wave, optical and photonic components.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimate s
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our condensed consolidated financial statements. The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. By their nature, these estimates and judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty and could be material if our actual or expected experience were to change unexpectedly. On an ongoing basis, we re-evaluate our estimates and judgments.
We base our estimates and judgments on our historical experience and on other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making the judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates and material effects on our operating results and financial position may result. The accounting policies which our management believes involve the most significant application of judgment or involve complex estimation, are inventories and associated reserves; revenue reserves; business combinations; goodwill and intangible asset valuation; share-based compensation valuations and income taxes.
Business combinations
We apply significant estimates and judgments in order to determine the fair value of the identified tangible and intangible assets acquired, liabilities assumed and goodwill recognized in business combinations. The value of all assets and liabilities are recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date using a market participant approach. In measuring the fair value, we utilize a number of valuation techniques. When determining the fair value of property and equipment acquired, generally we must
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estimate the cost to replace the asset with a new asset taking into consideration such factors as age, condition and the economic useful life of the asset. When determining the fair value of intangible assets acquired, typically determined using a discounted cash flow valuation method, we use assumptions such as the timing and amount of future cash flows, discount rates, weighted average cost of capital and estimated useful lives. These assessments can be significantly affected by our judgments.
Goodwill and intangible asset valuation
Significant management judgment is required in our valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, many of which are based on the creation of forecasts of future operating results that are used in the valuation, including (i) estimation of future cash flows, (ii) estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, (iii) estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, (iv) terminal values, if applicable, and (v) the determination of our weighted average cost of capital, which helps determine the discount rate. It is possible that these forecasts may change, and our performance projections included in our forecasts of future results may prove to be inaccurate. The value of our goodwill and purchased intangible assets could also be impacted by future adverse changes, such as a decline in the valuation of technology company stocks, including the valuation of our common stock, or a significant slowdown in the worldwide economy or in the optical communications equipment or semiconductor industry.
For additional information related to these and other accounting policies refer to Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of the 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our statements of operations data (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Revenue | $ | 181,234 |  |  | $ | 169,406 |  |  | $ | 338,382 |  |  | $ | 349,510 |
Cost of revenue (1) | 86,022 |  |  | 66,716 |  |  | 155,860 |  |  | 136,465 |
Gross profit | 95,212 |  |  | 102,690 |  |  | 182,522 |  |  | 213,045 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development (1) | 45,621 |  |  | 35,537 |  |  | 85,034 |  |  | 74,369 |
Selling, general and administrative (1) (2) | 34,184 |  |  | 31,249 |  |  | 71,071 |  |  | 64,189 |
Total operating expenses | 79,805 |  |  | 66,786 |  |  | 156,105 |  |  | 138,558 |
Income from operations | 15,407 |  |  | 35,904 |  |  | 26,417 |  |  | 74,487 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 5,366 |  |  | 5,064 |  |  | 10,921 |  |  | 8,749 |
Interest expense | (1,285) |  |  | (3,430) |  |  | (2,574) |  |  | (6,513) |
Other expense, net | — |  |  | (123) |  |  | — |  |  | (178) |
Total other income | 4,081 |  |  | 1,511 |  |  | 8,347 |  |  | 2,058 |
Income before income taxes | 19,488 |  |  | 37,415 |  |  | 34,764 |  |  | 76,545 |
Income tax expense | 4,508 |  |  | 11,660 |  |  | 7,258 |  |  | 21,271 |
Net income | $ | 14,980 |  |  | $ | 25,755 |  |  | $ | 27,506 |  |  | $ | 55,274 |

(1) Includes (a) Amortization expense related to intangible assets arising from acquisitions and (b) Share-based compensation expense included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations as set forth below (in thousands):
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| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
(a) Intangible amortization expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue | $ | 4,200 |  |  | $ | 988 |  |  | $ | 6,142 |  |  | $ | 1,898 |
Research and development | 1,043 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,087 |  |  | — |
Selling, general and administrative | 4,121 |  |  | 5,764 |  |  | 8,919 |  |  | 11,667 |
(b) Share-based compensation expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue | $ | 1,600 |  |  | $ | 1,011 |  |  | $ | 2,870 |  |  | $ | 2,161 |
Research and development | 4,962 |  |  | 3,742 |  |  | 7,727 |  |  | 7,974 |
Selling, general and administrative | 5,528 |  |  | 4,707 |  |  | 10,150 |  |  | 10,372 |

(2) The three months ended March 29, 2024 and March 31, 2023 include $0.7 million and $2.8 million, respectively, of acquisition-related professional fees and other expenses. The six months ended March 29, 2024 and March 31, 2023 include $9.1 million and $3.6 million, respectively, of acquisition-related professional fees and other expenses.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our statements of operations data expressed as a percentage of our revenue:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Revenue | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of revenue | 47.5 |  |  | 39.4 |  |  | 46.1 |  |  | 39.0 |
Gross profit | 52.5 |  |  | 60.6 |  |  | 53.9 |  |  | 61.0 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 25.2 |  |  | 21.0 |  |  | 25.1 |  |  | 21.3 |
Selling, general and administrative | 18.8 |  |  | 18.4 |  |  | 21.0 |  |  | 18.4 |
Total operating expenses | 44.0 |  |  | 39.4 |  |  | 46.1 |  |  | 39.6 |
Income from operations | 8.5 |  |  | 21.2 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 21.3 |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 3.0 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 3.3 |  |  | 2.5 |
Interest expense | (0.7) |  |  | (2.0) |  |  | (0.8) |  |  | (1.9) |
Other expense, net | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |
Total other income | 2.3 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 0.6 |
Income before income taxes | 10.8 |  |  | 22.1 |  |  | 10.3 |  |  | 21.9 |
Income tax expense | 2.5 |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 6.1 |
Net income | 8.3 | % |  | 15.2 | % |  | 8.1 | % |  | 15.8 | %

Comparison of the Three and Six Months Ended March 29, 2024 to the Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2023
Revenue. Our revenue increased by $11.8 million, or 7.0%, to $181.2 million for the three months ended March 29, 2024, from $169.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and our revenue decreased by $11.1 million, or 3.2%, to $338.4 million for the six months ended March 29, 2024, from $349.5 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in revenue in the three months ended March 29, 2024 and the decrease in revenue in the six months ended March 29, 2024 is described by end market in the following paragraphs.
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Revenue from our primary markets, the percentage of change between the periods presented, and revenue by primary markets expressed as a percentage of total revenue in the periods presented were (in thousands, except percentages):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  | Six Months Ended |  |
|  | March 29, 2024 |  |  | March 31, 2023 |  | % Change |  |  | March 29, 2024 |  |  | March 31, 2023 |  | % Change
Industrial & Defense | $ | 90,887 |  | $ | 77,194 |  | 17.7 | % |  | $ | 167,885 |  | $ | 154,363 |  | 8.8 | %
Data Center |  | 43,147 |  |  | 38,324 |  | 12.6 | % |  |  | 92,659 |  |  | 79,810 |  | 16.1 | %
Telecom |  | 47,200 |  |  | 53,888 |  | (12.4) | % |  |  | 77,838 |  |  | 115,337 |  | (32.5) | %
Total | $ | 181,234 |  | $ | 169,406 |  | 7.0 | % |  | $ | 338,382 |  | $ | 349,510 |  | (3.2) | %
Industrial & Defense |  | 50.2 | % |  |  | 45.6 | % |  |  |  |  | 49.6 | % |  |  | 44.2 | % |  |
Data Center |  | 23.8 | % |  |  | 22.6 | % |  |  |  |  | 27.4 | % |  |  | 22.8 | % |  |
Telecom |  | 26.0 | % |  |  | 31.8 | % |  |  |  |  | 23.0 | % |  |  | 33.0 | % |  |
Total |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |

In the three months ended March 29, 2024, our I&D market revenue increased by $13.7 million, or 17.7%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. In the six months ended March 29, 2024, our I&D market revenue increased by $13.5 million, or 8.8%, compared to the six months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in the three and six months ended March 29, 2024 was primarily driven by revenue from recent acquisitions, partially offset by lower sales of legacy products for industrial markets and timing of defense program shipments.
In the three months ended March 29, 2024, our Data Center market revenue increased by $4.8 million, or 12.6%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. In the six months ended March 29, 2024, our Data Center market revenue increased by $12.8 million, or 16.1%, compared to the six months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in the three and six months ended March 29, 2024 was primarily driven by an increase in sales of 400G and 800G high-performance analog Data Center products, partially offset by a decrease in sales of our legacy connectivity products.
In the three months ended March 29, 2024, our Telecom market revenue decreased by $6.7 million, or 12.4%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023. In the six months ended March 29, 2024, our Telecom market revenue decreased by $37.5 million, or 32.5%, compared to the six months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease for the three and six months ended March 29, 2024 was primarily driven by a decrease in sales of RF and microwave products for broadband access and a decrease in sales of carrier-based optical semiconductor products, partially offset by incremental revenue from recent acquisitions.
We continue to be negatively impacted by the current macroeconomic conditions, which we expect may result in weaker near-term demand for our products across all three of our primary markets.
Gross profit. Gross margin was 52.5% and 60.6% for the three months ended March 29, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively, and 53.9% and 61.0% for the six months ended March 29, 2024 and March 31, 2023. Gross profit was $95.2 million and $102.7 million for the three months ended March 29, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively, and $182.5 million and $213.0 million for the six months ended March 29, 2024 and March 31, 2023. Gross profit decreased for the three months ended March 29, 2024 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 primarily as a result of increased employee headcount associated with acquisitions, product mix and under absorbed production costs, partially offset by higher sales primarily driven by the RF Business Acquisition. Gross profit decreased for the six months ended March 29, 2024 as compared to the six months ended March 31, 2023 primarily as a result of lower sales, product mix, increased employee headcount associated with acquisitions, higher intangible asset amortization and depreciation expense.
Research and development. Research and development expense increased by $10.1 million, or 28.4%, to $45.6 million, or 25.2% of our revenue, for the three months ended March 29, 2024, compared to $35.5 million, or 21.0% of our revenue, for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Research and development expense increased by $10.7 million, 14.3%, to $85.0 million, or 25.1% of our revenue, for the six months ended March 29, 2024, compared to $74.4 million, or 21.3% of our revenue, for the six months ended March 31, 2023. Research and development expense increased in the three months ended March 29, 2024 primarily as a result of increases in employee-related costs, driven by higher headcount due to acquisitions, and share-based compensation expense. Research and development expense increased in the six months ended March 29, 2024 primarily as a result of increased employee headcount due to acquisitions.
Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense increased by $2.9 million, or 9.4%, to $34.2 million, or 18.9% of our revenue, for the three months ended March 29, 2024, compared to $31.2 million, or 18.4% of our revenue, for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Selling, general and administrative expense increased by $6.9 million, or 10.7%, to $71.1 million, or 21.0% of our revenue, for the six months ended March 29, 2024, compared to $64.2 million, or
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18.4% of our revenue, for the six months ended March 31, 2023. Selling, general and administrative expense increased in the three months ended March 29, 2024 primarily due to an increase in employee headcount due to acquisitions. Selling, general and administrative expense increased in the six months ended March 29, 2024 primarily due to an increase in employee headcount due to acquisitions and an increase in acquisition-related costs, partially offset by lower intangible amortization.
Interest income. In the three months ended March 29, 2024, interest income was $5.4 million, compared to $5.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. In the six months ended March 29, 2024, interest income was $10.9 million, compared to $8.7 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023. The increase for the three and six months ended March 29, 2024 is primarily due to the general increase in interest rates on our short-term investments.
Interest expense. In the three months ended March 29, 2024, interest expense was $1.3 million, compared to $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. In the six months ended March 29, 2024, interest expense was $2.6 million, compared to $6.5 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023. The decrease for the three and six months ended March 29, 2024 is primarily due to the August 2023 payment of the total outstanding principal balance of the Term Loans.
Provision for income taxes. Our income tax expense and effective income tax rates for the periods indicated were (in thousands, except percentages):

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |
| March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |  | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023 |
Income tax expense | 4,508 |  |  | 11,660 |  |  | 7,258 |  |  | 21,271 |  |
Effective income tax rate | 23.1 | % |  | 31.2 | % |  | 20.9 | % |  | 27.8 | % |

The primary driver for the rate reduction for the three and six months ended March 29, 2024 as compared to the three and six months ended March 31, 2023 was the tax benefit relating to a partial deduction attributable to the inclusion of GILTI income.
The difference between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% and our effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended March 29, 2024 was primarily driven by favorable stock based compensation and R&D tax credits, partially offset by GILTI. The difference between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% and our effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, was primarily driven by tax on GILTI, including the required capitalization of R&D expenses, non-deductible compensation and state income taxes partially offset by income taxed in foreign jurisdictions generally at lower tax rates, and R&D tax credits.
Our estimated annual effective tax rate for the year ending September 27, 2024 is expected to be approximately 22%, adjusted for discrete taxation matters arising during the interim periods.
For additional information refer to Note 14 - Income Taxes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table summarizes our cash flow activities (in thousands):

|  | Six Months Ended
|  | March 29, 2024 |  | March 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |  | $ | 173,952 |  |  | $ | 119,952 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 51,302 |  |  | 70,747 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (100,073) |  |  | (24,972) |
Net cash used in financing activities |  | (10,376) |  |  | (29,524) |
Foreign currency effect on cash |  | 185 |  |  | 370 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |  | $ | 114,990 |  |  | $ | 136,573 |

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Cash Flow from Operating Activities
Our cash flow from operating activities for the six months ended March 29, 2024 of $51.3 million consisted of a net income of $27.5 million plus adjustments of $54.4 million, to reconcile our net income to cash provided by operating activities, less cash used in operating assets and liabilities of $30.6 million. Adjustments to reconcile our net income to cash provided by operating activities primarily included depreciation and intangible amortization expense of $31.5 million and share-based compensation expense of $20.7 million. In addition, cash used in operating assets and liabilities was $30.6 million for the six months ended March 29, 2024, primarily driven by an increase in accounts receivables of $31.3 million, an increase in inventories of $12.3 million, partially offset by an increase of $19.2 million in accounts payable. The increases in accounts receivable and accounts payable were primarily a result of the integration of the RF Business during the three months ended March 29, 2024.
Our cash flow from operating activities for the six months ended March 31, 2023 of $70.7 million consisted of a net income of $55.3 million plus adjustments of $63.3 million, to reconcile our net income to cash provided by operating activities less cash used in operating assets and liabilities of $47.8 million. Adjustments to reconcile our net income to cash provided by operating activities primarily included depreciation and intangible amortization expense of $25.4 million, share-based compensation expense of $20.5 million and deferred income tax expense of $20.2 million. In addition, cash used in operating assets and liabilities was $47.8 million for the six months ended March 31, 2023, primarily driven by a decrease of $17.5 million in accrued and other liabilities, an increase in accounts receivable of $18.3 million, and an increase in inventories of $8.2 million.
Cash Flow from Investing Activities
Our cash flow used in investing activities for the six months ended March 29, 2024 of $100.1 million consisted primarily of cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired of $74.8 million for acquisitions, capital expenditures of $9.8 million and purchases of $230.6 million of short-term investments, offset by proceeds of $215.1 million for the sale and maturity of short-term investments. For additional information on the cash paid for our acquisitions, see Note 3 - Acquisitions to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Our cash flow used in investing activities for the six months ended March 31, 2023 of $25.0 million consisted primarily of cash paid for the Linearizer Acquisition, net of cash acquired of $50.8 million, capital expenditures of $15.6 million and purchases of $228.2 million of short-term investments, offset by proceeds of $261.6 million for the sale and maturity of short-term investments and proceeds from the sale of equipment of $8.0 million.
Cash Flow from Financing Activities
During the six months ended March 29, 2024, our cash used in financing activities of $10.4 million was primarily related to $12.5 million of common stock withheld associated with employee taxes on vested equity awards, partially offset by $2.8 million of proceeds from stock option exercises and employee stock purchases.
During the six months ended March 31, 2023, our cash used in financing activities of $29.5 million was primarily related to $31.3 million of common stock withheld associated with employee taxes on vested equity awards, partially offset by $2.3 million of proceeds from employee stock purchases.
Liquidity
As of March 29, 2024, we held $115.0 million of cash and cash equivalents, primarily deposited with financial institutions, as well as $361.4 million of liquid short-term investments. The undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries are considered indefinitely reinvested for the periods presented and we do not intend to repatriate such earnings. We believe the decision to reinvest these earnings will not have a significant impact on our liquidity. As of March 29, 2024, cash held by our indefinitely reinvested foreign subsidiaries was $7.4 million, which, along with cash generated from foreign operations, is expected to be used in the support of international growth and working capital requirements as well as the repayment of certain intercompany loans.
Holders of the 2026 Convertible Notes may convert their notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 15, 2025 in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to $106.76 for the notes on each applicable trading day. We made an irrevocable election to pay cash for the principal amount of notes to be converted. The aggregate principal balance of the 2026 Convertible Notes is $450.0 million.
We plan to use our remaining available cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments for general corporate purposes, including working capital, or for the acquisition of or investment in complementary technologies, design teams, products and businesses. We believe that our cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and cash generated from
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operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital requirements for at least the next twelve months. We may need to raise additional capital from time to time through the issuance and sale of equity or debt securities, and there is no assurance that we will be able to do so on favorable terms or at all.
As of March 29, 2024, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.
For additional information related to our Liquidity and Capital Resources, see Note 9 - Debt to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information about recent accounting pronouncements.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of business, which consists primarily of interest rate risk associated with our cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and our variable rate debt, as well as foreign exchange rate risk.
Interest rate risk. The primary objectives of our investment activity are to preserve principal, provide liquidity and invest excess cash for an average rate of return. To minimize market risk, we maintain our portfolio in cash and diversified investments, which may consist of corporate bonds, bank deposits, money market funds, commercial paper and U.S. Treasuries and agency bonds. The interest rates are variable and fluctuate with current market conditions. The risk associated with fluctuating interest rates is limited to this investment portfolio. We believe that a 10% change in interest rates would not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. We do not enter into financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
On August 2, 2023, we paid the total outstanding principal balance on our Term Loans. The interest rates on our 2026 Convertible Notes are fixed and therefore not subject to interest rate risk. For additional information regarding our Term Loans and Convertible Notes, refer to Note 9 - Debt.
Foreign currency risk. To date, our international customer agreements have been denominated primarily in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, we have limited exposure to foreign currency exchange rates. The functional currency of a majority of our foreign operations continues to be in U.S. dollars with the remaining operations being local currency. Changes in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies could make our products more expensive, which could negatively impact demand in certain regions, reduce or delay customer orders, or otherwise negatively affect how customers do business with us. The effects of exchange rate fluctuations on the net assets of the majority of our operations are accounted for as transaction gains or losses. We believe that a change of 10% in such foreign currency exchange rates would not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. In the future, we may enter into foreign currency exchange hedging contracts to reduce our exposure to changes in exchange rates.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) were effective as of March 29, 2024.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on Controls
Our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Our management recognizes that any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain judgments and assumptions and cannot provide absolute assurance that its objectives will be met. Similarly, an evaluation of controls cannot provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.
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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information about our legal proceedings.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our business involves a high degree of risk. In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes in any of the risk factors described in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K except as noted below.
Our business and operations could suffer in the event of a security breach, cybersecurity incident or disruption of our information technology systems.
We rely on our information technology (“IT”) systems and services for the effective operation of our business and for the secure maintenance and storage of confidential data relating to our business. These systems and services are both internally managed and outsourced, and, in many cases, we rely upon third-party service providers. Any failure of these internal or third party systems and services to operate effectively could disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and/or results of operations. Our operations are dependent upon our ability to protect our IT infrastructure against damage from business continuity events that could have a significant disruptive effect. Although our internal IT team actively takes steps to protect our information and operational systems, unauthorized persons or disloyal insiders may be able to penetrate our security controls, and develop and deploy viruses, worms and other malicious software programs that compromise and/or exfiltrate our confidential information or that of third parties and cause a disruption or failure of our information and/or operational technology systems. In addition, we have in the past and may in the future be subject to attacks in which third parties attempt to obtain personal information and or infiltrate our systems to obtain proprietary or confidential information, disrupt operations by deploying malicious code, viruses or malware (such as ransomware). Cyberattacks are increasing in number and sophistication, are often well-financed, in some cases supported by state actors, and are designed to not only attack, but also to evade detection. Since the techniques used by cyber attackers change frequently and are often not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. In addition to other factors, our position within the supply chain to the U.S. Government may increase our risk of being targeted by malicious actors. Similarly, attackers could implant malicious code into software that we may purchase, and this supply chain vulnerability could disrupt our operations, compromise our data or lead to other cyber harms. Recent global developments have created an environment in which malicious actors may have increased opportunity and motivation for breaching or compromising our systems.
Any compromise of our information or operational technology systems could result in unauthorized publication, exfiltration or misappropriation of our confidential business or proprietary information or intellectual property; result in the unauthorized release of customer, supplier or employee data; lead to violations of privacy or other laws; extortion; allow competitors to profit from our intellectual property or trade secrets; delay or disrupt our operations; expose us to a risk of investigations and litigation; cause us to incur direct losses if attackers access our bank or investment accounts; undermine investor or market confidence, or damage our reputation. The direct and indirect cost and operational consequences of implementing data protection measures either as a response to specific breaches or as a result of evolving risks could be significant. In addition, our inability to use or access our information or operational systems at critical points in time could adversely affect the timely and efficient operation of our business. Any delayed sales, significant costs or lost customers resulting from a technology failure could adversely affect our business, operations and financial results.
Third parties with which we conduct business, such as foundries, assembly and test contractors and distributors, have access to certain portions of our sensitive data (including trade secrets and other intellectual property), and certain aspects of effective cybersecurity are dependent upon our employees, contractors and other trusted partners reliably safeguarding such sensitive data. In the event that our employees or these third parties do not properly safeguard our data, security breaches could result and negatively impact our business, operations and financial results. In addition, despite our internal controls and investment in security measures, businesses we acquire may increase the scope and complexity of our IT networks, and this may increase our risk exposure to cyberattacks.
U.S. and foreign regulators, as well as customers and service providers, have also increased their focus on cybersecurity vulnerabilities and risks. Compliance with laws, regulations and contractual provisions concerning privacy, cybersecurity, secure technology development, data governance, data protection, confidentiality and IP could result in significant expense, and any failure to comply could result in proceedings against us by regulatory authorities or other third parties and may also increase our overall compliance burden.
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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table presents information with respect to purchases of common stock we made during the fiscal quarter ended March 29, 2024.

Period | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) |  | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
December 30, 2023-January 26, 2024 | 1,136 |  |  | $ | 84.25 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
January 27, 2024-February 23, 2024 | 1,185 |  |  | 86.03 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
February 24, 2024-March 29, 2024 | 8,325 |  |  | 92.74 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | 10,646 |  |  | $ | 91.09 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

(1) We employ “withhold to cover” as a tax payment method for vesting of restricted stock awards for our employees, pursuant to which, we withheld from employees the shares noted in the table above to cover tax withholding related to the vesting of their awards. The average prices listed in the above table are averages of the fair market prices at which we valued shares withheld for purposes of calculating the number of shares to be withheld.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
During the three months ended March 29, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number | Description |  |
3.1 | Fifth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended by the Certificate of Amendment dated March 2, 2023 and as further amended by the Certificate of Amendment dated March 11, 2024. |  |
3.2 | Fourth Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 6, 2023). |  |
31.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |  |
31.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |  |
32.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. §1350. |  |
101 | The following material from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of MACOM Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc. for the fiscal quarter ended March 29, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and (vii) document and entity information, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags. |  |
104 | The cover page for the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of MACOM Technology Solutions Holdings, Inc. for the fiscal quarter ended March 29, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL and included as Exhibit 101. |  |

32

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| MACOM TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS HOLDINGS, INC.
Dated: May 2, 2024 | By: | /s/ Stephen G. Daly
|  | Stephen G. Daly
|  | President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Dated: May 2, 2024 | By: | /s/ John F. Kober
|  | John F. Kober
|  | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting and Principal Financial Officer)