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Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Intangible Assets During the year ended December 31, 2022, we completed an immaterial business combination which increased goodwill and existing technology intangible assets. Goodwill The change in the carrying value of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, categorized by reportable segment, is as follows (in thousands):
|  | Clear Aligner |  | Systems and Services |  | Total
Balance as of December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 112,208 |  |  | $ | 306,339 |  |  | $ | 418,547 |
Additions from acquisition |  | — |  |  | 8,729 |  |  | 8,729 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (2,728) |  |  | (16,997) |  |  | (19,725) |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 |  | 109,480 |  |  | 298,071 |  |  | 407,551 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | 1,606 |  |  | 10,373 |  |  | 11,979 |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 111,086 |  |  | $ | 308,444 |  |  | $ | 419,530 |
We completed our annual goodwill impairment assessments in 2023 and 2022 and determined there were no impairments. Finite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired finite lived intangible assets were as follows, excluding intangible assets that were fully amortized (in thousands):
|  | Weighted Average Amortization Period (in years) |  | Gross Carrying Amount as of December 31, 2023 |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Accumulated Impairment Loss |  | Net Carrying Value as of December 31, 2023
Existing technology |  | 10 |  | $ | 112,051 |  |  | $ | (45,331) |  |  | $ | (4,328) |  |  | $ | 62,392 |
Customer relationships |  | 10 |  | 21,500 |  |  | (8,063) |  |  | — |  |  | 13,437 |
Trademarks and tradenames |  | 10 |  | 16,600 |  |  | (7,605) |  |  | (4,122) |  |  | 4,873 |
Patents |  | 8 |  | 6,511 |  |  | (6,082) |  |  | — |  |  | 429 |
|  |  |  | $ | 156,662 |  |  | $ | (67,081) |  |  | $ | (8,450) |  |  | 81,131 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 987 |
Total intangible assets, net 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 82,118 |
1 Also includes $34.3 million of fully amortized intangible assets related to customer relationships.
|  | Weighted Average Amortization Period (in years) |  | Gross Carrying Amount as of December 31, 2022 |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Accumulated Impairment Loss |  | Net Carrying Value as of December 31, 2022
Existing technology |  | 10 |  | $ | 112,051 |  |  | $ | (33,537) |  |  | $ | (4,328) |  |  | $ | 74,186 |
Customer relationships |  | 10 |  | 21,500 |  |  | (5,913) |  |  | — |  |  | 15,587 |
Trademarks and tradenames |  | 10 |  | 17,200 |  |  | (6,442) |  |  | (4,122) |  |  | 6,636 |
Patents |  | 8 |  | 6,511 |  |  | (5,288) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,223 |
|  |  |  | $ | 157,262 |  |  | $ | (51,180) |  |  | $ | (8,450) |  |  | 97,632 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,912) |
Total intangible assets, net 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 95,720 |
1 Also includes $33.5 million of fully amortized intangible assets related to customer relationships. For the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we did not identify any impairment triggering events that would indicate that the carrying value of our finite-lived intangible assets was not recoverable. The total estimated annual future amortization expense for these acquired intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal Year |  | Amortization
2024 |  | $ | 15,335 |
2025 |  | 14,959 |
2026 |  | 14,353 |
2027 |  | 11,992 |
2028 |  | 10,890 |
Thereafter |  | 13,602 |
Total |  | $ | 81,131 |
Amortization expense was $16.4 million, $16.0 million and $16.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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