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Segments and Geographical Information | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Segments and Geographical Information | Segments and Geographical Information Segment Information We report segment information based on the management approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), our Chief Executive Officer, for decision making and performance assessment as the basis for determining our reportable segments. We group our operations into two reportable segments; Clear Aligner segment and Imaging Systems and CAD/CAM services (“Systems and Services”) segment, which are based on our predominant product lines. Our CODM uses gross profit and income from operations to assess each reportable segment's performance, by reviewing each measure against internal forecasts and historical performance. Our CODM may also benchmark each segment's performance against our competitors and external expectations. Summarized financial information by reportable segment is as follows (in thousands):
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Clear Aligner |  | $ | 805,799 |  |  | $ | 786,844 |  |  | $ | 2,407,259 |  |  | $ | 2,435,833 |
Systems and Services |  | 189,893 |  |  | 191,028 |  |  | 580,144 |  |  | 567,960 |
Total net revenues |  | $ | 995,692 |  |  | $ | 977,872 |  |  | $ | 2,987,403 |  |  | $ | 3,003,793 |
Cost of net revenues 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Clear Aligner |  | $ | 282,941 |  |  | $ | 234,003 |  |  | $ | 758,506 |  |  | $ | 715,309 |
Systems and Services |  | 73,550 |  |  | 62,095 |  |  | 201,471 |  |  | 186,266 |
Total cost of goods sold |  | $ | 356,491 |  |  | $ | 296,098 |  |  | $ | 959,977 |  |  | $ | 901,575 |
Gross profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Clear Aligner |  | $ | 522,858 |  |  | $ | 552,841 |  |  | $ | 1,648,753 |  |  | $ | 1,720,524 |
Systems and Services |  | 116,343 |  |  | 128,933 |  |  | 378,673 |  |  | 381,694 |
Total gross profit |  | $ | 639,201 |  |  | $ | 681,774 |  |  | $ | 2,027,426 |  |  | $ | 2,102,218 |
Other Segment expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Clear Aligner |  | $ | 272,150 |  |  | $ | 276,522 |  |  | $ | 870,810 |  |  | $ | 858,341 |
Systems and Services |  | 56,502 |  |  | 60,189 |  |  | 174,632 |  |  | 192,467 |
Unallocated corporate expenses |  | 214,251 |  |  | 182,765 |  |  | 591,553 |  |  | 587,931 |
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 542,903 |  |  | $ | 519,476 |  |  | $ | 1,636,995 |  |  | $ | 1,638,739 |
Segment income from operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Clear Aligner |  | $ | 250,708 |  |  | $ | 276,319 |  |  | $ | 777,943 |  |  | $ | 862,183 |
Systems and Services |  | 59,841 |  |  | 68,744 |  |  | 204,041 |  |  | 189,227 |
Total segment income from operations |  | $ | 310,549 |  |  | $ | 345,063 |  |  | $ | 981,984 |  |  | $ | 1,051,410 |
1 Management has identified Cost of net revenues as a significant expense for our Clear Aligner and Systems and Services reportable segments. Other segment expenses typically include employee related costs, marketing and advertising costs and depreciation and amortization expense incurred by various functions including selling, marketing, general and administrative and research and development. Our CODM does not regularly receive these operating expenses at the reportable segment level. Income from operations for each segment includes all geographic revenues, related cost of net revenues and operating expenses directly attributable to the reportable segment. Certain operating expenses are not directly attributable to a reportable segment and must be allocated. Each allocation is measured differently based on the nature of the cost being allocated. Certain other operating expense are not specifically allocated to segment income from operations and generally include various corporate expenses such as stock-based compensation and costs related to information technology (“IT”), facilities, human resources, accounting and finance, legal and regulatory, other separately managed general and administrative costs outside the reportable segments and restructuring costs. The following table reconciles total segment income from operations in the table above to net income before provision for (benefit from) income taxes (in thousands):
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Total segment income from operations |  | $ | 310,549 |  |  | $ | 345,063 |  |  | $ | 981,984 |  |  | $ | 1,051,410 |
Unallocated corporate expenses |  | (214,251) |  |  | (182,765) |  |  | (591,553) |  |  | (587,931) |
Total income from operations |  | 96,298 |  |  | 162,298 |  |  | 390,431 |  |  | 463,479 |
Interest income |  | 3,249 |  |  | 4,003 |  |  | 11,424 |  |  | 11,696 |
Other income (expense), net |  | (4,813) |  |  | (371) |  |  | 6,837 |  |  | (6,993) |
Net income before provision for income taxes |  | $ | 94,734 |  |  | $ | 165,930 |  |  | $ | 408,692 |  |  | $ | 468,182 |
The following table includes certain non-cash expenses for each reportable segment (in thousands):
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Clear Aligner |  | $ | 6,069 |  |  | $ | 7,648 |  |  | $ | 17,952 |  |  | $ | 20,031 |
Systems and Services |  | 419 |  |  | 427 |  |  | 1,225 |  |  | 1,207 |
Unallocated corporate expenses |  | 41,889 |  |  | 40,964 |  |  | 122,405 |  |  | 113,617 |
Total stock-based compensation |  | $ | 48,377 |  |  | $ | 49,039 |  |  | $ | 141,582 |  |  | $ | 134,855 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Clear Aligner |  | $ | 32,976 |  |  | $ | 17,971 |  |  | $ | 71,375 |  |  | $ | 49,027 |
Systems and Services |  | 11,160 |  |  | 8,099 |  |  | 28,931 |  |  | 23,007 |
Unallocated corporate expenses |  | 11,581 |  |  | 11,723 |  |  | 35,135 |  |  | 34,871 |
Total depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 55,717 |  |  | $ | 37,793 |  |  | $ | 135,441 |  |  | $ | 106,905 |
Our CODM does not regularly review total assets at the reportable segment level; however, we have provided geographical information related to our long-lived assets below. Geographical Information Net revenues are presented below by geographic area (in thousands):
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net revenues 1: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. |  | $ | 410,560 |  |  | $ | 421,204 |  |  | $ | 1,256,679 |  |  | $ | 1,291,838 |
Switzerland |  | 210,844 |  |  | 216,638 |  |  | 670,223 |  |  | 739,342 |
Other International |  | 374,288 |  |  | 340,030 |  |  | 1,060,501 |  |  | 972,613 |
Total net revenues |  | $ | 995,692 |  |  | $ | 977,872 |  |  | $ | 2,987,403 |  |  | $ | 3,003,793 |
1 Net revenues are attributed to countries based on the location of where revenues are recognized by our legal entities. Long-lived assets, which includes Property, plant and equipment, net and Operating lease right-of-use assets, net, are presented below by geographic area (in thousands):
|  | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Long-lived assets 1: |  |  |  |
Switzerland |  | $ | 543,669 |  |  | $ | 571,628 |
U.S. |  | 200,478 |  |  | 207,689 |
Other International |  | 555,445 |  |  | 605,193 |
Total long-lived assets |  | $ | 1,299,592 |  |  | $ | 1,384,510 |
1 Long-lived assets are attributed to countries based on the location of our entity that owns or leases the assets.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-21 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name 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