Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, for the year ended December 31, 2018, were as follows:



	December 31, 2017			Goodwill Resulting from Business Combinations ⁽¹⁾		Impairments		Foreign Currency Translation			December 31, 2018
HVAC reportable segment
Gross goodwill	$	263.7		$	—	$	—	$	(1.9	)	$	261.8
Accumulated impairments	(144.7		)	—		—		0.3			(144.4		)
Goodwill	119.0			—		—		(1.6		)	117.4
Detection and Measurement reportable segment
Gross goodwill	216.6			50.4		—		(2.0		)	265.0
Accumulated impairments	(136.0		)	—		—		1.7			(134.3		)
Goodwill	80.6			50.4		—		(0.3		)	130.7
Engineered Solutions reportable segment
Gross goodwill	337.5			—		—		(2.2		)	335.3
Accumulated impairments	(191.2		)	—		—		2.2			(189.0		)
Goodwill	146.3			—		—		—			146.3
All Other
Gross goodwill	20.8			—		—		—			20.8
Accumulated impairments	(20.8		)	—		—		—			(20.8		)
Goodwill	—			—		—		—			—
Total
Gross goodwill	838.6			50.4		—		(6.1		)	882.9
Accumulated impairments	(492.7		)	—		—		4.2			(488.5		)
Goodwill	$	345.9		$	50.4	$	—	$	(1.9	)	$	394.4

⁽¹⁾ Reflects amounts acquired in connection with the Schonstedt and Cues acquisitions of $1.8 and $48.6, respectively.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, for the year ended December 31, 2017, were as follows:



	December 31, 2016			Impairments		Foreign Currency Translation			December 31, 2017
HVAC reportable segment
Gross goodwill	$	258.5		$	—	$	5.2		$	263.7
Accumulated impairments	(144.2		)	—		(0.5		)	(144.7		)
Goodwill	114.3			—		4.7			119.0
Detection and Measurement reportable segment
Gross goodwill	214.4			—		2.2			216.6
Accumulated impairments	(134.2		)	—		(1.8		)	(136.0		)
Goodwill	80.2			—		0.4			80.6
Engineered Solutions reportable segment
Gross goodwill	330.6			—		6.9			337.5
Accumulated impairments	(184.7		)	—		(6.5		)	(191.2		)
Goodwill	145.9			—		0.4			146.3
All Other
Gross goodwill	20.8			—		—			20.8
Accumulated impairments	(20.8		)	—		—			(20.8		)
Goodwill	—			—		—			—
Total
Gross goodwill	824.3			—		14.3			838.6
Accumulated impairments	(483.9		)	—		(8.8		)	(492.7		)
Goodwill	$	340.4		$	—	$	5.5		$	345.9

Identifiable intangible assets were as follows:



	December 31, 2018							December 31, 2017
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
Intangible assets with determinable lives:⁽¹⁾
Customer relationships	$	44.8	$	(3.5	)	$	41.3	$	1.4	$	(1.4	)	$	—
Technology	17.1		(1.1		)	16.0		2.1		(0.5		)	1.6
Patents	4.5		(4.5		)	—		4.5		(4.5		)	—
Other	11.3		(7.9		)	3.4		11.7		(7.9		)	3.8
	77.7		(17.0		)	60.7		19.7		(14.3		)	5.4
Trademarks with indefinite lives ⁽²⁾	137.7		—			137.7		112.2		—			112.2
Total	$	215.4	$	(17.0	)	$	198.4	$	131.9	$	(14.3	)	$	117.6

⁽¹⁾

The identifiable intangible assets associated with the Schonstedt acquisition consist of customer relationships and technology of $0.8 and $8.3, respectively. The identifiable intangible assets associated with the Cues acquisition consist of customer backlog, customer relationships, and technology of $0.8, $42.6, and $8.5, respectively. Additionally, the technology associated with our Heat Transfer business of $1.5 was sold during the second quarter of 2018 in connection with the planned wind-down of the business.


⁽²⁾	Changes during 2018 related primarily to the acquisition of the Schonstedt and Cues trademarks of $1.8 and $27.6, respectively, and the sale of the trademarks associated with our Heat Transfer business of $3.3 in connection with the planned wind-down of the business.

Amortization expense was $4.2, $0.6 and $2.8 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Estimated amortization expense over each of the next five years is $5.2 related to these intangible assets.

At December 31, 2018, the net carrying value of intangible assets with determinable lives consisted of $3.4 in the HVAC reportable segment and $57.3 in the Detection and Measurement reportable segment. Trademarks with indefinite lives consisted of $89.3 in the HVAC reportable segment, $39.3 in the Detection and Measurement reportable segment, and $9.1 in the Engineered Solutions reportable segment.

Consistent with the requirements of the Intangible — Goodwill and Other Topic of the Codification, the fair values of our reporting units generally are estimated using discounted cash flow projections that we believe to be reasonable under current and forecasted circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about carrying values of the reported net assets of our reporting units. Other considerations are also incorporated, including comparable industry price multiples. Many of our reporting units closely follow changes in the industries and end markets that they serve. Accordingly, we consider estimates and judgments that affect the future cash flow projections, including principal methods of competition such as volume, price, service, product performance and technical innovations and estimates associated with cost improvement initiatives, capacity utilization and assumptions for inflation and foreign currency changes. Any significant change in market conditions and estimates or judgments used to determine expected future cash flows that indicate a reduction in carrying value may give rise to impairment in the period that the change becomes known.

We perform our annual goodwill impairment testing during the fourth quarter in conjunction with our annual financial planning process, with such testing based primarily on events and circumstances existing as of the end of the third quarter. In addition, we test goodwill for impairment on a more frequent basis if there are indications of potential impairment. Based on our annual goodwill impairment testing in the fourth quarter of 2018, we concluded that the estimated fair value of each of our reporting units, exclusive of Cues, exceeds the carrying value of their respective net assets by over 90%. The estimated fair value of Cues approximates the carrying value of its net assets.

We perform our annual trademarks impairment testing during the fourth quarter, or on a more frequent basis if there are indications of potential impairment. The fair values of our trademarks are determined by applying estimated royalty rates to projected revenues, with the resulting cash flows discounted at a rate of return that reflects current market conditions. The basis for these projected revenues is the annual operating plan for each of the related businesses, which is prepared in the fourth quarter of each year.

During 2016, we recorded impairment charges of $30.1 associated with Heat Transfer’s trademarks and definite-lived intangible assets. During the second quarter of 2018, we sold certain intangible assets of Heat Transfer for net cash proceeds of $4.8, which approximated the carrying value of the intangible assets that were sold. After such sale, the carrying value of Heat Transfer’s intangible assets was $0.0.