Shareholders’ Equity and Long-Term Incentive Compensation

Income (Loss) Per Share

The following table sets forth the computations of the components used for the calculation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share:



	Year ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Numerator:
Income from continuing operations	$	78.2	$	84.0	$	30.3
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		—		(0.4		)
Adjustment related to redeemable noncontrolling interest (Note 14)	—		—		(18.1		)
Income from continuing operations attributable to SPX Corporation common shareholders for calculating basic and diluted income per share	$	78.2	$	84.0	$	12.6
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	3.0	$	5.3	$	(97.9	)
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	—		—		—
Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to SPX Corporation common shareholders for calculating basic and diluted income per share	$	3.0	$	5.3	$	(97.9	)
Denominator:
Weighted-average number of common shares used in basic income (loss) per share	43.054		42.413		41.610
Dilutive securities — Employee stock options, restricted stock shares and restricted stock units	1.606		1.492		0.551
Weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive securities used in diluted income (loss) per share	44.660		43.905		42.161

For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, 0.234, 0.563, and 1.045 of unvested restricted stock shares/units, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share as the assumed proceeds for these instruments exceeded the average market value of the underlying common stock for the related years. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, 0.875, 0.997, and 1.343, respectively, of outstanding stock options were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share as the assumed proceeds for these instruments exceeded the average market value of the underlying common stock for the related years.

Common Stock and Treasury Stock

At December 31, 2018, we had 200.0 authorized shares of common stock (par value $0.01). Common shares issued, treasury shares and shares outstanding are summarized in the table below.



	Common Stock Issued		Treasury Stock		Shares Outstanding
December 31, 2015	100.526		(59.110	)	41.416
Restricted stock shares and restricted stock units	0.042		0.295		0.337
Retirement of treasury stock	(50.000	)	50.000		—
Other	0.187		—		0.187
December 31, 2016	50.755		(8.815	)	41.940
Restricted stock units	—		0.280		0.280
Other	0.431		—		0.431
December 31, 2017	51.186		(8.535	)	42.651
Restricted stock units	—		0.457		0.457
Other	0.343		—		0.343
December 31, 2018	51.529		(8.078	)	43.451

In 2016, we retired 50.0 shares or $2,948.1 of “Common stock in treasury.” Under the applicable state law, these shares represent authorized and unissued shares upon retirement. In accordance with our accounting policy, we allocate any excess of share repurchase over par value between “Paid-in capital” and “Retained deficit,” which resulted in respective adjustments of $1,285.4 and $1,662.2.

Long-Term Incentive Compensation

Under the 2002 Stock Compensation Plan, as amended in 2006, 2011, 2012 and 2015, up to 1.683 shares of our common stock were available for grant at December 31, 2018. The 2002 Stock Compensation Plan permits the issuance of new shares or shares from treasury upon the exercise of options, vesting of time-based restricted stock units (“RSU’s”) and performance stock units (“PSU’s”), or the granting of restricted stock shares (“RS’s”). Each RSU and RS granted reduces availability by two shares. Each PSU granted in 2018 reduces availability by its maximum vesting attainment of 150%, or 3.0 shares.

PSU’s, RSU’s and RS’s may be granted to certain eligible employees or non-employee directors in accordance with applicable equity compensation plan documents and agreements. Subject to participants’ continued employment and other plan terms and conditions, the restrictions lapse and awards generally vest over a period of time, generally one or three years. In some instances, such as death, disability, or retirement, stock may vest concurrently with or following an employee’s termination. PSU’s are eligible to vest at the end of the performance period, with performance based on the total return of our stock over the three-year performance period against a peer group within the S&P 600 Capital Goods Index, while the RSU’s and RS’s vest based on the passage of time since grant date. PSU’s, RSU’s, and RS’s that do not vest within the applicable vesting period are forfeited.

We grant RSU’s or RS’s to non-employee directors under the 2006 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Incentive Plan (the “Directors’ Plan”) and the 2002 Stock Compensation Plan. Under the Directors’ Plan, up to 0.027 shares of our common stock were available for grant at December 31, 2018. The 2018, 2017 and 2016 grants to non-employee directors generally vest over a one-year vesting period, with the 2018 grants scheduled to vest in their entirety immediately prior to the annual meeting of stockholders in May 2019.

Stock options may be granted to key employees in the form of incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options. The option price per share may be no less than the fair market value of our common stock at the close of business the day prior to the date of grant. Upon exercise, the employee has the option to surrender previously owned shares at current value in payment of the exercise price and/or for withholding tax obligations.

The recognition of compensation expense for share-based awards, including stock options, is based on their grant date fair values. The fair value of each award is amortized over the lesser of the award’s requisite or derived service period, which is generally up to three years. Compensation expense within income from continuing operations related to PSU’s, RSU’s, RS’s and stock options totaled $11.6, $12.0 and $12.7 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, with the related tax benefit being $2.8, $4.6 and $4.8 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

During 2018, 2017, and 2016 long-term cash awards were granted to executive officers and other members of senior management. These awards are eligible to vest at the end of a three-year performance measurement period, with performance based on our achievement of a target segment income amount over the three-year measurement period. Long-term incentive compensation expense for 2018, 2017, and 2016 included $3.9, $3.8 and $1.0, respectively associated with long-term cash awards.

We use the Monte Carlo simulation model valuation technique to determine fair value of our restricted stock awards that contain a market condition (i.e., the PSU’s). The Monte Carlo simulation model utilizes multiple input variables that determine the probability of satisfying the market condition stipulated in the award and calculates the fair value of each PSU. We issued PSU’s to eligible participants on February 22, 2018, March 1, 2017, and March 2, 2016. We used the following assumptions in determining the fair value of these awards:



	Annual Expected Stock Price Volatility		Annual Expected Dividend Yield		Risk-Free Interest Rate		Correlation Between Total Shareholder Return for SPX and the Applicable S&P Index
February 22, 2018
SPX Corporation	42.25	%	—	%	2.38	%	0.3267
Peer group within S&P 600 Capital Goods Index	34.99	%	n/a		2.38	%
March 1, 2017
SPX Corporation	41.03	%	—	%	1.52	%	0.3685
Peer group within S&P 600 Capital Goods Index	34.49	%	n/a		1.52	%
March 2, 2016
SPX Corporation	36.91	%	—	%	0.97	%	0.3354
Peer group within S&P 600 Capital Goods Index	32.94	%	n/a		0.97	%

Annual expected stock price volatility is based on the three-year historical volatility. There is no annual expected dividend yield as we discontinued dividend payments in 2015 and do not expect to pay dividends for the foreseeable future. The average risk-free interest rate is based on the one-year through three-year daily treasury yield curve rate as of the grant date.

The following table summarizes the PSU, RSU, and RS activity from December 31, 2015 through December 31, 2018:



	Unvested PSU’s, RSU’s, and RS’s		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share
December 31, 2015	1.869		$	17.63
Granted	0.423		13.97
Vested	(0.528	)	10.32
Forfeited	(0.062	)	20.46
December 31, 2016	1.702		16.47
Granted	0.252		28.22
Vested	(0.483	)	18.17
Forfeited	(0.241	)	20.83
December 31, 2017	1.230		17.41
Granted	0.211		33.69
Vested	(0.753	)	15.39
Forfeited	(0.036	)	22.35
December 31, 2018	0.652		$	24.65

As of December 31, 2018, there was $5.7 of unrecognized compensation cost related to PSU’s, RSU’s and RS’s. We expect this cost to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.

Stock Options

On February 22, 2018, March 1, 2017 and March 2, 2016, we granted stock options totaling 0.184, 0.208 and 0.505, respectively. The exercise price per share of these options is $32.69, $27.40 and $12.85, respectively, and the maximum contractual term of these options is ten years.

The fair value of each stock option granted on February 22, 2018, March 1, 2017 and March 2, 2016 was $11.66, $9.60 and $4.11, respectively. The fair value of each option grant was estimated using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:



	February 22, 2018		March 1, 2017		March 2, 2016
Annual expected stock price volatility	31.14	%	32.00	%	30.06	%
Annual expected dividend yield	—	%	—	%	—	%
Risk-free interest rate	2.75	%	2.14	%	1.50	%
Expected life of stock option (in years)	6.0		6.0		6.0

Annual expected stock price volatility for the February 22, 2018, March 1, 2017 and March 2, 2016 grant were based on a weighted average of SPX’s stock volatility since the Spin-Off and an average of the most recent six-year historical volatility of a peer company group. There is no annual expected dividend yield as we discontinued dividend payments in 2015 and do not expect to pay dividends for the foreseeable future. The average risk-free interest rate is based on the five-year and seven-year treasury constant maturity rates. The expected option life is based on a three-year pro-rata vesting schedule and represents the period of time that awards are expected to be outstanding.

The following table shows stock option activity from December 31, 2015 through December 31, 2018.



	Shares		Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Options outstanding at December 31, 2015	1.047		$	12.91
Granted	0.505		12.85
Options outstanding at December 31, 2016	1.552		12.89
Exercised	(0.125	)	20.67
Forfeited	(0.027	)	14.45
Granted	0.208		27.40
Options outstanding at December 31, 2017	1.608		14.67
Exercised	(0.064	)	13.89
Forfeited	(0.010	)	23.17
Granted	0.184		32.69
Options outstanding at December 31, 2018	1.718		$	16.58

As of December 31, 2018, 1.242 of the above stock options were exercisable and there was $1.4 of unrecognized compensation cost related to the outstanding stock options. We expect this cost to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, for the year ended December 31, 2018 were as follows:



	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment			Net Unrealized Gains on Qualifying Cash Flow Hedges⁽¹⁾			Pension and Postretirement Liability Adjustment and Other⁽²⁾			Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	230.2		$	0.8		$	19.1		$	250.1
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(4.4		)	(1.8		)	(1.0		)	(7.2		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income:
Impact of initial adoption of ASC 606 - See Note 3	—			(0.3		)	—			(0.3		)
Stranded income tax effects resulting from tax reform - See Note 3	—			0.2			4.6			4.8
Commodity contracts and amortization of prior service credits - See below	—			0.5			(3.0		)	(2.5		)
Current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	(4.4		)	(1.4		)	0.6			(5.2		)
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	225.8		$	(0.6	)	$	19.7		$	244.9

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⁽¹⁾	Net of tax (provision) benefit of $0.2 and $(0.5) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

⁽²⁾Net of tax provision of $6.6 and $12.5 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The balances as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 include unamortized prior service credits.

The changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, for the year ended December 31, 2017 were as follows:



	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Net Unrealized Losses on Qualifying Cash Flow Hedges(3)			Pension and Postretirement Liability Adjustment and Other(1)(4)			Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	229.7	$	1.5		$	3.9		$	235.1
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications ⁽¹⁾	0.5		2.3			16.3			19.1
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income ⁽²⁾	—		(3.0		)	(1.1		)	(4.1		)
Current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	0.5		(0.7		)	15.2			15.0
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	230.2	$	0.8		$	19.1		$	250.1

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⁽¹⁾	As indicated in Note 10, we reduced our unfunded liability related to postretirement benefits and increased “Accumulated other comprehensive income” (before tax) by $26.8.


⁽²⁾	As indicated in Note 13, we discontinued hedge accounting for our Swaps resulting in a reclassification from “Accumulated other comprehensive income” (before tax) of $2.7.


⁽³⁾	Net of tax provision of $0.5 and $0.9 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.


⁽⁴⁾	Net of tax provision of $12.5 and $2.7 as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The balances as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 include unamortized prior service credits.

The following summarizes amounts reclassified from each component of accumulated comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:



	Amount Reclassified from AOCI						Affected Line Items in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
	Year ended December 31,
	2018			2017
(Gains) losses on qualifying cash flow hedges:
Commodity contracts	$	0.7		$	(2.5	)	Cost of products sold
Swaps	—			0.3			Interest expense
Swaps	—			(2.7		)	Other expense, net
Pre-tax	0.7			(4.9		)
Income taxes	(0.2		)	1.9
	$	0.5		$	(3.0	)
Pension and postretirement items:
Amortization of unrecognized prior service credits - Pre-tax	$	(4.2	)	$	(1.8	)	Other expense, net
Income taxes	1.2			0.7
	$	(3.0	)	$	(1.1	)

Common Stock in Treasury

As described above, in 2016, we retired 50.0 shares or $2,948.1 of “Common stock in treasury.” In addition, during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, “Common stock in treasury” was decreased by the settlement of restricted stock units issued from treasury stock of $27.6, $16.9 and $17.9, respectively.

Preferred Stock

None of our 3.0 shares of authorized no par value preferred stock was outstanding at December 31, 2018, 2017 or 2016.