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Use of Estimates | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis and base our estimates on experience, current and expected future conditions, third-party evaluations and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities as well as identifying and assessing the accounting treatment with respect to commitments and contingencies. Actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used in the consolidated financial statements and related notes. Listed below are certain significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Certain other estimates and assumptions are further explained in the related notes. Accounts Receivable Allowances — We provide allowances for expected losses on uncollectible accounts based on our historical experience, current and future economic and market conditions, and the evaluation of the likelihood of success in collecting specific customer receivables. In addition, we maintain allowances for customer returns, discounts and invoice pricing discrepancies, with such allowances primarily based on historical experience. Summarized below is the activity for these allowance accounts.
| Year ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 11.5 |  |  | $ | 10.4 |  |  | $ | 10.4 |
Acquisitions | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.1 |
Allowances provided | 16.7 |  |  | 18.2 |  |  | 17.9 |
Write-offs, net of recoveries, credits issued and other | (15.8) |  |  | (17.3) |  |  | (18.0) |
Balance at end of year | $ | 12.5 |  |  | $ | 11.5 |  |  | $ | 10.4 |
Inventory — We estimate losses for excess and/or obsolete inventory and the net realizable value of inventory based on the aging and historical utilization of the inventory and the evaluation of the likelihood of recovering the inventory costs based on anticipated demand and selling price. Acquisitions — We record acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting. We include the operating results of acquired entities from their respective dates of acquisition and recognize and measure the identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, including contingent consideration as of the acquisition date, at fair value. The excess, if any, of total consideration transferred in a business combination over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill. Costs incurred as a result of a business combination, other than costs related to the issuance of debt or equity securities, are recorded in the period the costs are incurred. Additionally, at each reporting period, contingent consideration is remeasured to fair value, with changes recorded in “Other operating expense, net” within our consolidated statements of operations. Long-Lived Assets and Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization — We continually review whether events and circumstances subsequent to the acquisition of any long-lived assets, including intangible assets subject to amortization, have occurred that indicate the remaining estimated useful lives of those assets may warrant revision or that the remaining balance of those assets may not be fully recoverable. If events and circumstances indicate that the long-lived assets should be reviewed for possible impairment, we use projections to assess whether future cash flows on an undiscounted basis related to the assets are likely to exceed the related carrying amount. We will record an impairment charge to the extent the carrying value of the assets exceed their fair values as determined by valuation techniques appropriate in the circumstances. In determining the estimated useful lives of definite-lived intangible assets, we consider the nature, competitive position, life cycle position, and historical and expected future cash flows of each acquired asset, as well as our commitment to support these assets through continued investment and legal infringement protection. Definite-lived intangible assets such as customer relationships, technology and other intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic lives. The weighted-average remaining useful lives approximate the following as of December 31, 2024.
Technology | 10 years
Customer relationships | 9 years
Other | 6 years
Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets — We review goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually during the fourth quarter and continually assess whether a triggering event has occurred that indicates the carrying value may exceed the implied fair value. In reviewing goodwill for impairment, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not (greater than 50%) that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine that an impairment is more likely than not, we then perform a quantitative impairment test (described below). Otherwise, no further analysis is required. Our qualitative evaluation is an assessment of factors, including reporting unit-specific operating results, as well as industry, market, and general economic conditions. Our quantitative analysis of the fair value of reporting units is based generally on discounted projected cash flows, but we also consider factors such as comparable industry price multiples. We employ cash flow projections that we believe to be reasonable under current and forecasted circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of the reported net assets of our reporting units. Many of our businesses closely follow changes in the industries and end markets that they serve. Accordingly, we consider estimates and judgments that affect the future cash flow projections, including principal methods of competition, such as volume, price, service, product performance and technical innovations, as well as estimates associated with cost reduction initiatives, capacity utilization and assumptions for inflation and foreign currency changes. Accrued Expenses — We make estimates and judgments in establishing accruals as required under GAAP. Summarized in the table below are the components of accrued expenses at December 31, 2024 and 2023.
| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Short-term incentive compensation | $ | 38.8 |  |  | $ | 39.6 |
Employee benefits | 38.3 |  |  | 33.7 |
Warranty | 18.9 |  |  | 16.4 |
Other (1) | 74.8 |  |  | 78.8 |
Total | $ | 170.8 |  |  | $ | 168.5 |
___________________________________________________________________ (1)Other consists of various items including, among other items, the current portion of our liabilities related to risk management matters, environmental remediation costs, and operating leases, as well as, accrued rebates, legal, interest and restructuring costs, none of which is individually material. Legal — We accrue for estimated losses from legal actions or claims when events exist that make the realization of the losses probable and they can be reasonably estimated. We do not discount legal obligations or reduce them by anticipated insurance recoveries. See Note 15 for additional details. Environmental Remediation Costs — We expense costs incurred to investigate and remediate environmental issues unless they extend the economic useful lives of related assets. We record liabilities when it is probable that an obligation has been incurred and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. Our environmental accruals cover anticipated costs, including investigation, remediation and operation and maintenance of clean-up sites. Our estimates are based primarily on investigations and remediation plans established by independent consultants, regulatory agencies and potentially responsible third parties. We do not discount environmental obligations or reduce them by anticipated insurance recoveries. Risk Management Matters — We are subject to claims associated with risk management matters (e.g., product liability, general liability, automobile, and workers’ compensation claims). The liabilities we record for these claims are based on a number of assumptions, including historical claims and payment experience and, prior to the Asbestos Portfolio Sale, with respect to asbestos claims, actuarial estimates of the future period during which additional claims were reasonably foreseeable. Prior to the Asbestos Portfolio Sale, we also recorded insurance recovery assets associated with the asbestos product liability matters. These assets represented amounts that we believe we were entitled to recover under agreements we had with insurance companies. The assets we recorded for these insurance recoveries were based on a number of assumptions, including the continued solvency of the insurers, and our legal interpretation of our rights for recovery under the agreements we had with the insurers. In addition, we are self-insured for certain of our workers’ compensation, automobile, product, general liability, disability and health costs, and we maintain adequate accruals to cover our retained liabilities. Our accruals for self-insurance liabilities are based on claims filed and estimates of claims incurred but not yet reported, and are not discounted. We consider a number of factors, including third-party actuarial valuations, when making these determinations. We maintain third-party stop-loss insurance policies to cover certain liability costs in excess of predetermined retained amounts; however, this insurance may be insufficient or unavailable (e.g., because of insurer insolvency) to protect us against potential loss exposures. The key assumptions considered in estimating the ultimate cost to settle reported claims and the estimated costs associated with incurred but not yet reported claims include, among other factors, our historical and industry claims experience, trends in health care and administrative costs, our current and future risk management programs, and historical lag studies with regard to the timing between when a claim is incurred and reported. See Note 15 for additional details. Warranty — In the normal course of business, we issue product warranties for specific products and provide for the estimated future warranty cost in the period in which the sale is recorded. We provide for the estimate of warranty cost based on contract terms and historical warranty loss experience that is periodically adjusted for recent actual experience. Because warranty estimates are forecasts that are based on the best available information, claims costs may differ from amounts provided. In addition, due to the seasonal fluctuations at certain of our businesses, the timing of warranty provisions and the usage of warranty accruals can vary period to period. We make adjustments to initial obligations for warranties as changes in the obligations become reasonably estimable. The following is an analysis of our product warranty accrual for the periods presented:
| Year ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 37.9 |  |  | $ | 34.7 |  |  | $ | 34.8 |
Acquisitions | 1.3 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 0.4 |
Provisions | 20.3 |  |  | 16.9 |  |  | 10.6 |
Usage | (14.6) |  |  | (14.6) |  |  | (10.8) |
Currency translation adjustment | (0.2) |  |  | — |  |  | (0.3) |
Balance at end of year | 44.7 |  |  | 37.9 |  |  | 34.7 |
Less: Current portion of warranty | 18.9 |  |  | 16.4 |  |  | 12.9 |
Non-current portion of warranty | $ | 25.8 |  |  | $ | 21.5 |  |  | $ | 21.8 |
Income Taxes — We perform reviews of our income tax positions on a continuous basis and accrue for potential uncertain tax positions in accordance with the Income Taxes Topic of the Codification. Accruals for these uncertain tax positions may be classified as “Income taxes payable” and “Deferred and other income taxes” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets based on an expectation as to the timing of when the matter will be resolved. As events change or resolutions occur, these accruals are adjusted, such as in the case of audit settlements with taxing authorities. For tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we record the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority, assuming such authority has full knowledge of all relevant information. These reviews also entail analyzing the realization of deferred tax assets. When we believe that it is more likely than not that we will not realize a benefit for a deferred tax asset based on all available evidence, we establish a valuation allowance. Employee Benefit Plans — Defined benefit plans cover a portion of our salaried and hourly employees, including certain employees in foreign countries. As discussed in Note 1, we recognize changes in the fair value of plan assets and actuarial gains and losses associated with our pension and postretirement benefit plans in earnings during the fourth quarter of each year, unless earlier remeasurement is required, as a component of net periodic benefit expense. The remaining components of pension/postretirement expense, primarily interest costs and expected return on plan assets, are recorded on a quarterly basis. See Note 11 for further discussion of our pension and postretirement benefits. We derive pension expense from an actuarial calculation based on the defined benefit plans’ provisions and our assumptions regarding discount rates. We primarily determine the discount rate for our plans by matching the expected projected benefit obligation cash flows for each of the plans to a yield curve that is representative of long-term, high-quality (rated AA or higher) fixed income debt instruments as of the measurement date. We also consult with independent actuaries in determining these assumptions.

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- Definition Provides an entity's explanation that the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires the use of management estimates. Estimates used in the determination of carrying amounts of assets or liabilities, or in disclosure of gain or loss contingencies should be disclosed if known information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that both of these criteria are met: (1) It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect on the financial statements of a condition, situation, or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements will change in the near term (less than one year from the date of issuance) due to one or more future confirming events, and (2) The effect of the change would be material to the financial statements. The disclosure should indicate the nature of the uncertainty and include an indication that it is at least reasonably possible that a change in the estimate will occur in the near term. Disclosure of the factors that cause the estimate to be sensitive to change also is encouraged. Entities also may identify those areas that are subject to significant estimates. + References No definition available. + Details
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