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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Principles of Consolidation — The consolidated financial statements include our accounts prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) after the elimination of intercompany transactions. Investments in unconsolidated companies where we exercise significant influence but do not have control are accounted for using the equity method.

Consolidation, Variable Interest Entity

In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”), we perform a qualitative analysis that considers the design of the VIE, the nature of our involvement and the variable interests held by other parties to determine which party has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, and which party has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. All of our VIEs are immaterial, individually and in aggregate, to our consolidated financial statements.

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions

Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions — The financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with the Foreign Currency Matters Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board Codification (“Codification”). Gains and losses on foreign currency translations are reflected as a separate component of stockholders' equity and other comprehensive income/loss.

Cash Equivalents

Cash Equivalents — We consider highly liquid money market investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition — We recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606.

Research and Development Costs

Research and Development Costs — We expense research and development costs as incurred. We charge costs incurred in the research and development of new software included in products to expense until technological feasibility is established. After technological feasibility is established, additional eligible costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release. We amortize these costs over the economic lives of the related products and include the amortization in cost of products sold.

We perform periodic reviews of the recoverability of these capitalized software costs. If, and at the time, we determine that capitalized amounts are not recoverable based on the estimated cash flows to be generated from the applicable software, we write off any unrecoverable capitalized amounts.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment — Property, plant and equipment (“PP&E”) is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. We use the straight-line method for computing depreciation expense over the useful lives of PP&E, which do not exceed 40 years for buildings and range from 3 to 15 years for machinery and equipment. Depreciation expense, including amortization of finance leases, was $26.7, $19.2, and $17.8 for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the related asset or the life of the lease, whichever is shorter. Interest is capitalized on significant construction or installation projects. No interest was capitalized during 2024, 2023, or 2022.

Pension and Postretirement

Pension and Postretirement — We recognize changes in the fair value of plan assets and actuarial gains and losses in earnings during the fourth quarter of each year, unless earlier remeasurement is required, as a component of net periodic benefit expense/income and, accordingly, recognize the effects of plan investment performance, interest rate changes, and changes in actuarial assumptions as a component of earnings in the year in which they occur. The remaining components of pension/postretirement expense/income, primarily interest costs and expected return on plan assets, are recorded on a quarterly basis.

Defined benefit pension plans cover a portion of our salaried and hourly paid employees, including certain employees in foreign countries. Beginning in 2001, we discontinued providing these pension benefits generally to newly hired employees. Effective January 31, 2018, we discontinued providing service credits to active participants.

We have domestic postretirement plans that provide health and life insurance benefits to certain retirees and their dependents. Beginning in 2003, we discontinued providing these postretirement benefits generally to newly hired employees.

The plan year-end date for all our plans is December 31.

Plan assets — Our investment strategy is based on the long-term growth and protection of principal while mitigating overall risk to ensure that funds are available to pay benefit obligations. The domestic plan assets are invested in a broad range of investment classes, including fixed income securities and domestic and international equities. We engage various investment managers who are regularly evaluated on long-term performance, adherence to investment guidelines and the ability to manage risk commensurate with the investment style and objective for which they were hired. We continuously monitor the value of assets by class and routinely rebalance our portfolio with the goal of meeting our target allocations.

The strategy for bonds emphasizes investment-grade corporate and government debt with maturities matching the longer duration pension liabilities. The bonds strategy also includes a high yield element, although minimal, which is generally shorter in duration. The strategy for equity assets is to minimize concentrations of risk by investing primarily in companies in a diversified mix of industries worldwide, while targeting neutrality in exposure to global versus regional markets, fund types and fund managers. A small portion of U.S. plan assets is allocated to private equity partnerships and real estate asset fund investments (Level 3 assets) for diversification, providing opportunities for above market returns.

Allowable investments under the plan agreements include fixed income securities, equity securities, mutual funds, venture capital funds, real estate and cash and equivalents. In addition, investments in futures and option contracts, commodities and other derivatives are allowed in commingled fund allocations managed by professional investment managers. Investments prohibited under the plan agreements include private placements and short selling of stock. No shares of our common stock were held by our defined benefit pension plans as of December 31, 2024 or 2023.

We review the pension assumptions annually. Pension income or expense for the year is determined using assumptions as of the beginning of the year (except for the effects of recognizing changes in the fair value of plan assets and actuarial gains and losses in the fourth quarter of each year), while the funded status is determined using assumptions as of the end of the year. We determined assumptions and established them at the respective balance sheet date using the following principles: (i) the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is established based on forward looking long-term expectations of asset returns over the expected period to fund participant benefits based on the target investment mix of our plans and (ii) the discount rate is primarily determined by matching the expected projected benefit obligation cash flows for each of the plans to a yield curve that is representative of long-term, high-quality (rated AA or higher) fixed income debt instruments as of the measurement date.

The accumulated postretirement benefit obligation was determined using the terms and conditions of our various plans, together with relevant actuarial assumptions and health care cost trend rates. It is our policy to review the postretirement assumptions annually. The assumptions are determined by us and are established based on our prior experience and our expectations that future health care cost trend rates will decline. In addition, we consider advice from independent actuaries.

Company-owned Life Insurance Policies

Company-owned Life Insurance Policies — The Company has investments in company-owned life insurance (“COLI”) policies, which are recorded at their cash surrender value at each balance sheet date. Changes in the cash surrender value during the period are recorded within “Other expense, net” within our consolidated statements of operations. The Company has the ability to borrow against a portion of its investments in the COLI policies as an additional source of liquidity. During 2024, the Company borrowed $41.2 against the cash surrender value of these COLI policies. Such borrowings were primarily used to pay down amounts payable under the revolving credit facility. The amounts borrowed incur interest at a weighted-average rate of 5.3%. The cash surrender value of the Company’s investments in COLI assets, net of aforementioned borrowing, was $36.2 and $76.7 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, recorded in “Other assets” on the consolidated balance sheets.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes — We account for income taxes based on the requirements of the Income Taxes Topic of the Codification, which includes an estimate of the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. We periodically assess the realizability of deferred tax assets and the adequacy of deferred tax liabilities, including the results of local, state, federal or foreign statutory tax audits or estimates and judgments used.

Income Taxes — We perform reviews of our income tax positions on a continuous basis and accrue for potential uncertain tax positions in accordance with the Income Taxes Topic of the Codification. Accruals for these uncertain tax positions may be classified as “Income taxes payable” and “Deferred and other income taxes” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets based on an expectation as to the timing of when the matter will be resolved. As events change or resolutions occur, these accruals are adjusted, such as in the case of audit settlements with taxing authorities. For tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we record the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority, assuming such authority has full knowledge of all relevant information. These reviews also entail analyzing the realization of deferred tax assets. When we believe that it is more likely than not that we will not realize a benefit for a deferred tax asset based on all available evidence, we establish a valuation allowance.

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. We periodically assess deferred tax assets to determine if they are likely to be realized and the adequacy of deferred tax liabilities, incorporating the results of local, state, federal and foreign tax audits into our estimates and judgments.

Realization of deferred tax assets, including those associated with net operating loss and credit carryforwards, is dependent upon generating sufficient taxable income in the appropriate tax jurisdiction. We believe that it is more likely than not that we may not realize the benefit of certain of these deferred tax assets and, accordingly, have established a valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets. Although realization is not assured for the remaining deferred tax assets, we believe it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized through future taxable earnings or tax planning strategies. However, deferred tax assets could be reduced in the near term if our estimates of taxable income are significantly reduced or tax planning strategies are no longer viable.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments — We use foreign currency forward contracts to manage our exposures to fluctuating currency exchange rates and interest rate protection agreements to manage our exposures to fluctuating interest rate risk on variable rate debt. Derivatives are recorded on the balance sheet and measured at fair value. For derivatives designated as hedges of the fair value of assets or liabilities, the changes in fair values of both the derivatives and the hedged items are recorded in current earnings. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the change in fair value of the derivatives is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) and subsequently recognized in earnings when the forecasted transaction impacts earnings. We do not enter into financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes.

For those transactions that are designated as cash flow hedges, we document our hedge relationship, including identification of the hedging instruments and the hedged items, as well as our risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transaction. We also assess, both at inception and quarterly thereafter, whether such derivatives are highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value of the hedged item. See Notes 14 and 17 for further information.

Cash flows from hedging activities are included in the same category as the items being hedged, which are primarily operating activities.

We manufacture and sell our products in a number of countries and, as a result, are exposed to movements in foreign currency exchange rates. Our objective is to preserve the economic value of non-functional currency-denominated cash flows and to minimize the impact of changes as a result of currency fluctuations. Our principal currency exposures relate to the South African Rand, British Pound Sterling, Canadian Dollar, and Euro.

From time to time, we enter into forward contracts to manage the exposure on contracts with forecasted transactions denominated in non-functional currencies which manage the risk of transaction gains and losses associated with assets/liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of certain subsidiaries (“FX forward contracts”). Certain of our FX forward contracts are designated as cash flow hedges. Changes in these derivatives’ fair value are included in AOCI and are reclassified into earnings as a component of revenues or cost of products sold, as applicable, when the forecasted transaction impacts earnings. In addition, if the forecasted transaction is no longer probable, the cumulative change in the derivatives’ fair value is recorded into earnings in the period in which the transaction is no longer considered probable of occurring.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis and base our estimates on experience, current and expected future conditions, third-party evaluations and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities as well as identifying and assessing the accounting treatment with respect to commitments and contingencies. Actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used in the consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Accounts Receivable Allowances

Accounts Receivable Allowances — We provide allowances for expected losses on uncollectible accounts based on our historical experience, current and future economic and market conditions, and the evaluation of the likelihood of success in collecting specific customer receivables. In addition, we maintain allowances for customer returns, discounts and invoice pricing discrepancies, with such allowances primarily based on historical experience.

Inventory

Inventory — We estimate losses for excess and/or obsolete inventory and the net realizable value of inventory based on the aging and historical utilization of the inventory and the evaluation of the likelihood of recovering the inventory costs based on anticipated demand and selling price.

Inventories include material, labor and factory overhead costs and are reduced, when necessary, to estimated net realizable values.

Acquisitions

Acquisitions — We record acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting. We include the operating results of acquired entities from their respective dates of acquisition and recognize and measure the identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, including contingent consideration as of the acquisition date, at fair value. The excess, if any, of total consideration transferred in a business combination over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill. Costs incurred as a result of a business combination, other than costs related to the issuance of debt or equity securities, are recorded in the period the costs are incurred. Additionally, at each reporting period, contingent consideration is remeasured to fair value, with changes recorded in “Other operating expense, net” within our consolidated statements of operations.

Long-Lived Assets and Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization

Long-Lived Assets and Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization — We continually review whether events and circumstances subsequent to the acquisition of any long-lived assets, including intangible assets subject to amortization, have occurred that indicate the remaining estimated useful lives of those assets may warrant revision or that the remaining balance of those assets may not be fully recoverable. If events and circumstances indicate that the long-lived assets should be reviewed for possible impairment, we use projections to assess whether future cash flows on an undiscounted basis related to the assets are likely to exceed the related carrying amount. We will record an impairment charge to the extent the carrying value of the assets exceed their fair values as determined by valuation techniques appropriate in the circumstances.

In determining the estimated useful lives of definite-lived intangible assets, we consider the nature, competitive position, life cycle position, and historical and expected future cash flows of each acquired asset, as well as our commitment to support these assets through continued investment and legal infringement protection. Definite-lived intangible assets such as customer relationships, technology and other intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic lives. The weighted-average remaining useful lives approximate the following as of December 31, 2024.


Technology			10 years
Customer relationships			9 years
Other			6 years

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets — We review goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually during the fourth quarter and continually assess whether a triggering event has occurred that indicates the carrying value may exceed the implied fair value. In reviewing goodwill for impairment, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not (greater than 50%) that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine that an impairment is more likely than not, we then perform a quantitative impairment test (described below). Otherwise, no further analysis is required. Our qualitative evaluation is an assessment of factors, including reporting unit-specific operating results, as well as industry, market, and general economic conditions. Our quantitative analysis of the fair value of reporting units is based generally on discounted projected cash flows, but we also consider factors such as comparable industry price multiples. We employ cash flow projections that we believe to be reasonable under current and forecasted circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of the reported net assets of our reporting units. Many of our businesses closely follow changes in the industries and end markets that they serve. Accordingly, we consider estimates and judgments that affect the future cash flow projections, including principal methods of competition, such as volume, price, service, product performance and technical innovations, as well as estimates associated with cost reduction initiatives, capacity utilization and assumptions for inflation and foreign currency changes.

Accrued Expenses

Accrued Expenses — We make estimates and judgments in establishing accruals as required under GAAP.

Legal

Legal — We accrue for estimated losses from legal actions or claims when events exist that make the realization of the losses probable and they can be reasonably estimated. We do not discount legal obligations or reduce them by anticipated insurance recoveries. See Note 15 for additional details.

Environmental Remediation Costs

Environmental Remediation Costs — We expense costs incurred to investigate and remediate environmental issues unless they extend the economic useful lives of related assets. We record liabilities when it is probable that an obligation has been incurred and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. Our environmental accruals cover anticipated costs, including investigation, remediation and operation and maintenance of clean-up sites. Our estimates are based primarily on investigations and remediation plans established by independent consultants, regulatory agencies and potentially responsible third parties. We do not discount environmental obligations or reduce them by anticipated insurance recoveries.

Risk Management Matters

Risk Management Matters — We are subject to claims associated with risk management matters (e.g., product liability, general liability, automobile, and workers’ compensation claims). The liabilities we record for these claims are based on a number of assumptions, including historical claims and payment experience and, prior to the Asbestos Portfolio Sale, with respect to asbestos claims, actuarial estimates of the future period during which additional claims were reasonably foreseeable. Prior to the Asbestos Portfolio Sale, we also recorded insurance recovery assets associated with the asbestos product liability matters. These assets represented amounts that we believe we were entitled to recover under agreements we had with insurance companies. The assets we recorded for these insurance recoveries were based on a number of assumptions, including the continued solvency of the insurers, and our legal interpretation of our rights for recovery under the agreements we had with the insurers. In addition, we are self-insured for certain of our workers’ compensation, automobile, product, general liability, disability and health costs, and we maintain adequate accruals to cover our retained liabilities. Our accruals for self-insurance liabilities are based on claims filed and estimates of claims incurred but not yet reported, and are not discounted. We consider a number of factors, including third-party actuarial valuations, when making these determinations. We maintain third-party stop-loss insurance policies to cover certain liability costs in excess of predetermined retained amounts; however, this insurance may be insufficient or unavailable (e.g., because of insurer insolvency) to protect us against potential loss exposures. The key assumptions considered in estimating the ultimate cost to settle reported claims and the estimated costs associated with incurred but not yet reported claims include, among other factors, our historical and industry claims experience, trends in health care and administrative costs, our current and future risk management programs, and historical lag studies with regard to the timing between when a claim is incurred and reported.

Warranty

Warranty — In the normal course of business, we issue product warranties for specific products and provide for the estimated future warranty cost in the period in which the sale is recorded. We provide for the estimate of warranty cost based on contract terms and historical warranty loss experience that is periodically adjusted for recent actual experience. Because warranty estimates are forecasts that are based on the best available information, claims costs may differ from amounts provided. In addition, due to the seasonal fluctuations at certain of our businesses, the timing of warranty provisions and the usage of warranty accruals can vary period to period. We make adjustments to initial obligations for warranties as changes in the obligations become reasonably estimable.

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans — Defined benefit plans cover a portion of our salaried and hourly employees, including certain employees in foreign countries. As discussed in Note 1, we recognize changes in the fair value of plan assets and actuarial gains and losses associated with our pension and postretirement benefit plans in earnings during the fourth quarter of each year, unless earlier remeasurement is required, as a component of net periodic benefit expense. The remaining components of pension/postretirement expense, primarily interest costs and expected return on plan assets, are recorded on a quarterly basis. See Note 11 for further discussion of our pension and postretirement benefits.

We derive pension expense from an actuarial calculation based on the defined benefit plans’ provisions and our assumptions regarding discount rates. We primarily determine the discount rate for our plans by matching the expected projected benefit obligation cash flows for each of the plans to a yield curve that is representative of long-term, high-quality (rated AA or higher) fixed income debt instruments as of the measurement date. We also consult with independent actuaries in determining these assumptions.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The following is a summary of new accounting pronouncements that apply or may apply to our business.

The London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) was discontinued on June 30, 2023. In an effort to address the various challenges created by such discontinuance, the FASB issued three amendments to existing guidance, Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-04, No. 2021-01 and No. 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform. The amended guidance is designed to provide relief from the accounting analysis and impacts that may otherwise be required for modifications to agreements (e.g., loans, debt securities, derivatives, etc.) necessitated by the reference rate reform. It also provides optional expedients to enable companies to continue to apply hedge accounting to certain hedging relationships impacted by the reference rate reform. Application of the guidance in the amendments is optional, is only available in certain situations, and is only available for companies to apply until December 31, 2024. In conjunction with entering into an amended and restated credit agreement on August 12, 2022, we adopted this guidance with no material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 13 for additional information on our credit agreements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, which requires companies to disclose, on an interim and annual basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), as well as a

qualitative description of other segment expenses not disclosed. In addition, ASU 2023-07 requires companies to disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM used the reported measures in assessing segment performance. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning January 1, 2024, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning January 1, 2025, and is applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in these financial statements. We adopted ASU 2023-07 during the fourth quarter of 2024, with no impact on our consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 7 for these and other disclosures related to our reportable segments.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, which requires companies to disclose, on an annual basis, specific categories in the effective tax rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. In addition, ASU 2023-09 requires companies to disclose additional information about income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for annual periods beginning January 1, 2025 and will be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. We are currently evaluating the disclosure impact of ASU 2023-09; however, the standard will not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, which requires companies to disclose, on an interim and annual basis, additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements. In addition, ASU 2024-03 requires companies to disclose a qualitative description of amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively and, on an annual basis, disclose the total amount of selling expenses and the Company's definition of selling expenses. ASU 2024-03, further clarified by ASU 2025-01, will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and will be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the disclosure impact of ASU 2024-03; however, the standard will not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Special Charges, Net

As part of our business strategy, we periodically right-size and consolidate operations to improve long-term results. Additionally, from time to time, we alter our business model to better serve customer demand, discontinue lower-margin product lines and rationalize and consolidate manufacturing capacity. Our restructuring and integration decisions are based, in part, on discounted cash flows and are designed to achieve our goals of reducing structural footprint and maximizing profitability. As a result of our strategic review process, we recorded net special charges of $3.6 in 2024, $0.8 in 2023, and $0.4 in 2022. These net special charges were primarily related to restructuring initiatives to consolidate manufacturing and sales facilities, reduce workforce, and rationalize certain product lines.

The components of the charges have been computed based on actual cash payouts, including severance and other employee benefits based on existing severance policies, local laws, and other estimated exit costs, and our estimate of the realizable value of the affected tangible assets.

Impairments of long-lived assets, which represent non-cash asset write-downs, typically arise from business restructuring decisions that lead to the disposition of assets no longer required in the restructured business. For these situations, we recognize a loss when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Fair values for assets subject to impairment testing are determined primarily by management, taking into consideration various factors including third-party appraisals, quoted market prices and previous experience. If an asset remains in service at the decision date, the asset is written down to its fair value and the resulting net book value is depreciated over its remaining economic useful life. When we commit to a plan to sell an asset, including the initiation of a plan to locate a buyer, and it is probable that the asset will be sold within one year based on its current condition and sales price, depreciation of the asset is discontinued and the asset is classified as an asset held for sale. The asset is written down to its fair value less any selling costs.

Liabilities for exit costs, including, among other things, severance, other employee benefit costs, and operating lease obligations on idle facilities, are measured initially at their fair value and recorded when incurred.

We anticipate that the liabilities related to restructuring actions will be paid within one year from the period in which the action was initiated.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

As indicated in Note 1, we review goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually during the fourth quarter. In addition, we test goodwill for impairment on a more frequent basis if there are indications of potential impairment. In reviewing goodwill for impairment, we initially perform a qualitative analysis. If there is an indication of impairment, we then perform a quantitative analysis. Our quantitative analysis of trademarks is based on applying estimated royalty rates to projected revenues, with resulting cash flows discounted at a rate of return that reflects current market conditions.

During the fourth quarter of 2024, we performed our analyses on the goodwill of our reporting units. The fair value of the assets related to the Ingénia acquisition approximate their carrying value. If Ingénia is unable to achieve its current financial forecast, or there is a change in assumptions used in Ingénia’s analysis (e.g., projected revenues and profit growth rates, discount rates, industry price multiples, etc.), we may be required to record an impairment charge in a future period related to its goodwill. As of December 31, 2024, Ingénia’s goodwill totaled $133.6. During the fourth quarter of 2024, in connection with the annual impairment analyses of indefinite-lived intangible assets, we determined that the implied value of ASPEQ’s trademarks approximated their carrying value. If ASPEQ is unable to achieve its current revenue forecast, or there is a change in assumptions used in ASPEQ’s analysis (e.g., projected revenues and discount rates, etc.), we may be required to record an impairment charge in a future period related to its trademarks. As of December 31, 2024, ASPEQ’s trademarks totaled $51.5.

Defined Contribution Retirement Plans

We maintain a defined contribution retirement plan (the “DC Plan”) pursuant to Section 401(k) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. Under the DC Plan, eligible U.S. employees may voluntarily contribute up to 50% of their compensation into the DC Plan and we match a portion of participating employees’ contributions. Our matching contributions are primarily made in newly issued shares of SPX common stock and are issued at the prevailing market price. The matching contributions vest with the employee immediately upon the date of the match and there are no restrictions on the resale of SPX common stock held by employees.

Under the DC Plan, we contributed 0.084, 0.127 and 0.149 shares of our common stock to employee accounts in 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Compensation expense is recorded based on the market value of shares as the shares are contributed to employee accounts. We recorded $10.9 in 2024, $9.8 in 2023, and $7.8 in 2022, as compensation expense related to the matching contribution.

Certain collectively-bargained employees participate in the DC Plan with company contributions not being made in SPX common stock, although SPX common stock is offered as an investment option under these plans.

We also maintain a Supplemental Retirement Savings Plan (“SRSP”), which permits certain members of our senior management and executive groups to defer eligible compensation in excess of the amounts allowed under the DC Plan. We match a portion of participating employees’ deferrals to the extent allowable under the SRSP provisions. The matching contributions vest with the participant immediately. Our funding of the participants’ deferrals and our matching contributions are held in certain mutual funds (as allowed under the SRSP), as directed by the participant. The fair values of these assets, which totaled $16.2 and $14.0 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1). In addition, the assets under the SRSP are available to the general creditors in the event of our bankruptcy and, thus, are maintained on our consolidated balance sheets within “Other assets,” with a corresponding amount in “Other long-term liabilities” for our obligation to the participants. Lastly, these assets are accounted for as trading securities.

Potential Uncertain Positions

We perform reviews of our income tax positions on a continuous basis and accrue for potential uncertain positions when we determine that a tax position meets the criteria of the Income Taxes Topic of the Codification. Accruals for these uncertain tax positions are recorded in “Income taxes payable” and “Deferred and other income taxes” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets based on the expectation as to the timing of when the matters will be resolved. As events change and resolutions occur, these accruals are adjusted, such as in the case of audit settlements with taxing authorities.

U.S. Federal income tax returns are subject to examination for a period of three years after filing the return. We are not currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service and believe any contingencies in open years are adequately provided for.

State income tax returns generally are subject to examination for a period of three to five years after filing the respective tax returns. The impact on such tax returns of any federal changes remains subject to examination by various states for a period of up to one year after formal notification to the states. We regularly have various state income tax returns in the process of examination. We believe any uncertain tax positions related to these examinations have been adequately provided for.

We regularly have various foreign income tax returns under examination. We believe that any uncertain tax positions related to these examinations have been adequately provided for.

An unfavorable resolution of one or more of the above matters could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows in the period in which an adjustment is recorded or the tax is due or paid. As audits and examinations are still in process, the timing of the ultimate resolution and any payments that may be required for the above matters cannot be determined at this time.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and equivalents, trade accounts receivable, COLI policies, interest rate swaps, and FX forward contracts. These financial instruments, other than trade accounts receivable, are placed with high-quality financial institutions throughout the world. We periodically evaluate the credit standing of these financial institutions.

We maintain cash levels in bank accounts that, at times, may exceed federally-insured limits. We have not experienced significant loss, and believe we are not exposed to significant risk of loss, in these accounts.

We have credit loss exposure in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to the above financial instruments, but have no other off-balance-sheet credit risk of accounting loss. We anticipate, however, that counterparties will be able to fully satisfy their obligations under the contracts. We do not obtain collateral or other security to support financial instruments subject to credit risk, but we do monitor the credit standing of counterparties.

Concentrations of credit risk arising from trade accounts receivable are due to selling to customers in a particular industry. Credit risks are mitigated by performing ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial conditions and obtaining collateral, advance payments, or other security when appropriate. No one customer, or group of customers that to our knowledge are under common control, accounted for more than 10% of our revenues for any period presented.

Environmental Matters

Our operations and properties are subject to federal, state, local and foreign regulatory requirements relating to environmental protection. It is our policy to comply fully with all applicable requirements. As part of our effort to comply, we have a comprehensive environmental compliance program that includes environmental audits conducted by internal and external independent professionals, as well as regular communications with our operating units regarding environmental compliance requirements and anticipated regulations. Based on current information, we believe that our operations are in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations, and we are not aware of any violations that could have a material effect, individually or in the aggregate, on our business, financial condition, and results of operations or cash flows. We had liabilities for site investigation and/or remediation at 16 sites, that we own or control, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Our environmental accruals cover anticipated costs, including investigation, remediation, and maintenance of clean-up sites. Our estimates are based primarily on investigations and remediation plans established by independent consultants, regulatory agencies and potentially responsible third parties. Accordingly, our estimates may change based on future developments, including new or changes in existing environmental laws or policies, differences in costs required to complete anticipated actions from estimates provided, future findings of investigation or remediation actions, changes in our allocation of shared remediation costs, or alteration to the expected remediation plans. It is our policy to revise an estimate once it becomes probable and the amount of change can be reasonably estimated. We generally do not discount our environmental accruals and do not reduce them by anticipated insurance, litigation or other recoveries. We take into account third-party indemnification from financially viable parties in determining our accruals where there is no dispute regarding the right to indemnification.

Goodwill, Indefinite-Lived Intangible and Other Long-Lived Assets

Goodwill, Indefinite-Lived Intangible and Other Long-Lived Assets — Certain of our non-financial assets are subject to impairment analyses, including long-lived assets, indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill. We review the carrying amounts of such assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable or at least annually for indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill. Any resulting asset impairments result in the asset being recorded at its fair value. Based on these inputs used in the impairment analyses, these assets are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. Refer to Note 10 for additional details.

Fair Value

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In the absence of active markets for the identical assets or liabilities, such measurements involve developing assumptions based on market observable data and, in the absence of such data, internal information consistent with what market participants would use in a hypothetical transaction that occurs at the measurement date. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. Preference is given to observable inputs. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

•Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

•Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

•Level 3 — Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.

There were no changes during the periods presented to the valuation techniques we use to measure asset and liability fair values on a recurring basis. There were no transfers between the three levels of the fair value hierarchy for the periods presented.

Derivative Financial Instruments — Our financial derivative assets and liabilities include interest rate swaps and FX forward contracts, and are valued using valuation models based on observable market inputs such as forward rates, interest rates, our own credit risk and the credit risk of our counterparties, which comprise investment-grade financial institutions. Based on these inputs, the derivative assets and liabilities are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. We have not made any adjustments to the inputs obtained from the independent sources. Based on our continued ability to enter into forward contracts and interest rate swap agreements, we consider the markets for our fair value instruments active. We primarily use the income approach, which uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount.

As of December 31, 2024, there had been no significant impact to the fair value of our derivative liabilities due to our own credit risk, as the related instruments are collateralized under our senior credit facilities. Similarly, there had been no significant impact to the fair value of our derivative assets based on our evaluation of our counterparties’ credit risks.