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Patents and Goodwill
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
PATENTS AND GOODWILL PATENTS AND GOODWILL
Patents
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, patents consisted of the following (in thousands, except for useful life data):
 December 31,
 20232022
Weighted average estimated useful life (years)10.010.0
Gross patents$1,040,912 $1,018,957 
Accumulated amortization(727,911)(664,958)
Patents, net$313,001 $353,999 
Amortization expense related to capitalized patent costs was $73.1 million, $73.4 million and $71.5 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. These amounts are recorded within the "Research and portfolio development" expense line of our consolidated statements of income.
The estimated aggregate amortization expense for the next five years related to our patents balance as of December 31, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):
2024$63,925 
202560,171 
202652,056 
202747,292 
202827,690 
Goodwill
The following table shows the change in the carrying amount of our goodwill balance from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2023, all of which is allocated to our one reportable segment (in thousands):
Goodwill balance as of December 31, 2021$22,421 
Activity— 
Goodwill balance as of December 31, 2022$22,421 
Activity— 
Goodwill balance as of December 31, 2023$22,421