Pay Versus Performance

In accordance with rules adopted by the SEC, we provide the following disclosure regarding executive “Compensation Actually Paid” or “CAP” (as calculated in accordance with SEC rules) and certain company performance metrics for the fiscal years listed below. You should refer to our CD&A in this proxy statement for a complete description of how executive compensation relates to company performance and how the Human Capital Committee makes its decisions.


														Year-end value of $100 invested on 12/31/2019 in:
Year	Summary Compensation Table Total for Liren Chen(1) $		Summary Compensation Table Total for William Merritt(2) $		Compensation Actually Paid to Liren Chen(1)(3)(4)(5) $		Compensation Actually Paid to William Merritt(2)(3)(4)(5) $			Average Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-CEO NEOs(6) $		Average Compensation Actually Paid to Non-CEO NEOs(3)(4)(5)(6) $		IDCC $		Nasdaq Telecommuni- cations Total Shareholder Return $		Net Income (in millions) $		Adjusted EBITDA(7) (in millions) $		Revenue (in millions) $
2024		7,258,318		0		88,835,965		0			2,599,972		10,931,385		394.45		103.21		358.6		511.0		868.5
2023		4,773,160		0		20,846,309		0			1,951,371		4,854,811		217.89		90.96		214.1		345.2		549.6
2022		4,824,787		0		8,473,818		0			2,660,110		3,432,926		97.43		82.21		93.7		254.5		457.8
2021		10,824,838		1,570,440		19,400,708		(711,223	)		1,426,410		2,407,304		137.72		112.44		55.3		208.0		425.4
2020		0		2,642,504		0		3,740,057			1,218,153		1,067,958		114.30		110.08		44.8		155.3		359.0

(1)	Liren Chen became CEO of the company on April 5, 2021.

(2)	William Merritt served as CEO until his retirement on April 5, 2021.

(3)	Deductions from, and additions to, total compensation in the Summary Compensation Table by year to calculate Compensation Actually Paid include:


	2024						2023
	Liren Chen			Average Non-CEO NEOs			Liren Chen			Average Non-CEO NEOs
Total Compensation from Summary Compensation Table	$	7,258,318		$	2,599,972		$	4,773,160		$	1,951,371
Adjustments for Pension
Adjustment Summary Compensation Table Pension	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Amount added for current year service cost	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Amount added for prior service cost impacting current year	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

Total Adjustments for Pension	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Adjustments for Equity Awards
Adjustment for grant date values in the Summary Compensation Table	$	(5,000,000	)	$	(1,500,000	)	$	(3,000,000	)	$	(1,389,000	)
Year-end fair value of unvested awards granted in the current year	$	33,316,224		$	3,088,567		$	3,746,424		$	1,132,367
Year-over-year difference of year-end fair values for unvested awards granted in prior years	$	37,138,400		$	6,302,507		$	9,099,191		$	2,496,089
Fair values at vest date for awards granted and vested in current year							$	—		$	21,016
Difference in fair values between prior year-end fair values and vest date fair values for awards granted in prior years	$	16,123,023		$	440,340		$	6,227,534		$	642,967
Forfeitures during current year equal to prior year-end fair value	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Dividends or dividend equivalents not otherwise included in total compensation	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

Total Adjustments for Equity Awards	$	81,577,647		$	8,331,414		$	16,073,149		$	2,904,339

Compensation Actually Paid (as calculated)	$	88,835,965		$	10,931,385		$	20,846,309		$	4,854,811


	2022						2021									2020
	Liren Chen			Average Non-CEO NEOs			Liren Chen			William Merritt			Average Non-CEO NEOs			William Merritt			Average Non-CEO NEOs
Total Compensation from Summary Compensation Table	$	4,824,787		$	2,660,110		$	10,824,838		$	1,570,440		$	1,426,410		$	2,642,504		$	1,218,153
Adjustments for Pension
Adjustment Summary Compensation Table Pension	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Amount added for current year service cost	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Amount added for prior service cost impacting current year	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

Total Adjustments for Pension	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Adjustments for Equity Awards
Adjustment for grant date values in the Summary Compensation Table	$	(2,200,025	)	$	(1,575,024	)	$	(5,219,984	)	$	—		$	(637,515	)	$	(1,083,348	)	$	(397,237	)
Year-end fair value of unvested awards granted in the current year	$	5,249,160		$	1,866,893		$	7,850,314		$	—		$	907,588		$	2,102,469		$	558,750
Year-over-year difference of year-end fair values for unvested awards granted in prior years	$	783,791		$	532,141		$	—		$	(1,601,770	)	$	623,362		$	611,174		$	(569,990	)
Fair values at vest date for awards granted and vested in current year	$	—					$	5,945,540		$	—		$	—		$	681,993		$	475,054
Difference in fair values between prior year-end fair values and vest date fair values for awards granted in prior years	$	(183,895	)	$	(51,194	)	$	—		$	(679,893	)	$	87,459		$	(1,214,735	)	$	(216,773	)
Forfeitures during current year equal to prior year-end fair value	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Dividends or dividend equivalents not otherwise included in total compensation	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

Total Adjustments for Equity Awards	$	3,649,031		$	772,816		$	8,575,870		$	(2,281,663	)	$	980,894		$	1,097,553		$	(150,195	)

Compensation Actually Paid (as calculated)	$	8,473,818		$	3,432,926		$	19,400,708		$	(711,223	)	$	2,407,304		$	3,740,057		$	1,067,958

(4)	The following summarizes the valuation assumptions used for stock option awards included as part of Compensation Actually Paid:

•

Expected life of each stock option is based on the “simplified method” using an average of the remaining vest and remaining term, as of the vest/FYE date.

•

Strike price is based on each grant date closing price and asset price is based on each vest/FYE closing price.

•

Risk free rate is based on the Treasury Constant Maturity rate closest to the remaining expected life as of the vest/FYE date.

•

Historical volatility is based on daily price history for each expected life (years) prior to each vest/FYE date. Closing prices provided by S&P Capital IQ are adjusted for dividends and splits.

•

Represents annual dividend yield on each vest/FYE date.

(5)	Assumptions used in the valuation of equity awards for purposes of calculating Compensation Actually Paid were materially the same as at grant date, except for adjusting for expected performance of performance-based RSUs at each measurement date.

(6)	Non-CEO NEOs reflect the average Summary Compensation Table total compensation and average Compensation Actually Paid for the following executives by year:

2024: Richard Brezski; Eeva Hakoranta; Rajesh Pankaj; Joshua Schmidt

2023: Richard Brezski; Eric Cohen, Eeva Hakoranta; Rajesh Pankaj; Joshua Schmidt

2022: Richard Brezski; Eric Cohen; Eeva Hakoranta; Rajesh Pankaj

2021: Richard Brezski; Eric Cohen; Eeva Hakoranta; Henry Tirri

2020: Richard Brezski; Richard Gulino; Kai Öistämö

(7)	Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. See Appendix A for an explanation of this metric and a detailed reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Named Executive Officers, Footnote

(6)	Non-CEO NEOs reflect the average Summary Compensation Table total compensation and average Compensation Actually Paid for the following executives by year:

2024: Richard Brezski; Eeva Hakoranta; Rajesh Pankaj; Joshua Schmidt

2023: Richard Brezski; Eric Cohen, Eeva Hakoranta; Rajesh Pankaj; Joshua Schmidt

2022: Richard Brezski; Eric Cohen; Eeva Hakoranta; Rajesh Pankaj

2021: Richard Brezski; Eric Cohen; Eeva Hakoranta; Henry Tirri

2020: Richard Brezski; Richard Gulino; Kai Öistämö

Non-PEO NEO Average Total Compensation Amount

$ 2,599,972

$ 1,951,371

$ 2,660,110

$ 1,426,410

$ 1,218,153

Adjustment to Non-PEO NEO Compensation Footnote


	2024						2023
	Liren Chen			Average Non-CEO NEOs			Liren Chen			Average Non-CEO NEOs
Total Compensation from Summary Compensation Table	$	7,258,318		$	2,599,972		$	4,773,160		$	1,951,371
Adjustments for Pension
Adjustment Summary Compensation Table Pension	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Amount added for current year service cost	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Amount added for prior service cost impacting current year	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

Total Adjustments for Pension	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Adjustments for Equity Awards
Adjustment for grant date values in the Summary Compensation Table	$	(5,000,000	)	$	(1,500,000	)	$	(3,000,000	)	$	(1,389,000	)
Year-end fair value of unvested awards granted in the current year	$	33,316,224		$	3,088,567		$	3,746,424		$	1,132,367
Year-over-year difference of year-end fair values for unvested awards granted in prior years	$	37,138,400		$	6,302,507		$	9,099,191		$	2,496,089
Fair values at vest date for awards granted and vested in current year							$	—		$	21,016
Difference in fair values between prior year-end fair values and vest date fair values for awards granted in prior years	$	16,123,023		$	440,340		$	6,227,534		$	642,967
Forfeitures during current year equal to prior year-end fair value	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Dividends or dividend equivalents not otherwise included in total compensation	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

Total Adjustments for Equity Awards	$	81,577,647		$	8,331,414		$	16,073,149		$	2,904,339

Compensation Actually Paid (as calculated)	$	88,835,965		$	10,931,385		$	20,846,309		$	4,854,811


	2022						2021									2020
	Liren Chen			Average Non-CEO NEOs			Liren Chen			William Merritt			Average Non-CEO NEOs			William Merritt			Average Non-CEO NEOs
Total Compensation from Summary Compensation Table	$	4,824,787		$	2,660,110		$	10,824,838		$	1,570,440		$	1,426,410		$	2,642,504		$	1,218,153
Adjustments for Pension
Adjustment Summary Compensation Table Pension	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Amount added for current year service cost	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Amount added for prior service cost impacting current year	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

Total Adjustments for Pension	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Adjustments for Equity Awards
Adjustment for grant date values in the Summary Compensation Table	$	(2,200,025	)	$	(1,575,024	)	$	(5,219,984	)	$	—		$	(637,515	)	$	(1,083,348	)	$	(397,237	)
Year-end fair value of unvested awards granted in the current year	$	5,249,160		$	1,866,893		$	7,850,314		$	—		$	907,588		$	2,102,469		$	558,750
Year-over-year difference of year-end fair values for unvested awards granted in prior years	$	783,791		$	532,141		$	—		$	(1,601,770	)	$	623,362		$	611,174		$	(569,990	)
Fair values at vest date for awards granted and vested in current year	$	—					$	5,945,540		$	—		$	—		$	681,993		$	475,054
Difference in fair values between prior year-end fair values and vest date fair values for awards granted in prior years	$	(183,895	)	$	(51,194	)	$	—		$	(679,893	)	$	87,459		$	(1,214,735	)	$	(216,773	)
Forfeitures during current year equal to prior year-end fair value	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Dividends or dividend equivalents not otherwise included in total compensation	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

Total Adjustments for Equity Awards	$	3,649,031		$	772,816		$	8,575,870		$	(2,281,663	)	$	980,894		$	1,097,553		$	(150,195	)

Compensation Actually Paid (as calculated)	$	8,473,818		$	3,432,926		$	19,400,708		$	(711,223	)	$	2,407,304		$	3,740,057		$	1,067,958